Different types of theaters for preschoolers. Creative work “Theatrical activities in kindergarten for children of senior preschool age

Types of theaters

1. Tabletop toy theater. This theater uses a wide variety of toys - factory-made and homemade, from natural and any other material. Here the imagination is not limited, the main thing is that the toys and crafts stand steadily on the table and do not interfere with movement.

2. Tabletop picture theater. All pictures - characters and scenery - must be double-sided, since turns are inevitable, and in order for the figures not to fall, supports are needed, which can be very diverse, but always quite stable. This is ensured by the correct ratio of the weight or support area to the height of the picture. The higher the picture, the larger or weightier the support area is needed.

The actions of toys and pictures in the tabletop theater are limited. But you should not lift them and move them from place to place. It is important to imitate the desired movement: running, jumping, walking and at the same time pronounce the text. The state of the character, his mood is conveyed by the intonation of the presenter - joyful, sad, plaintive.

It is best to hide characters before the game starts. Their appearance during the action creates an element of surprise and arouses the interest of children.

In order to create an idea of the location of the action, use decorative elements: two or three trees are a forest, green cloth or paper on the table is a lawn, a blue ribbon is a stream. Don’t spend a lot of time on such preparations and involve children in them, teach them to fantasize, come up with new original details for the decoration - and then everyone will become interested.

3. Stand-book. The dynamics and sequence of events are easy to depict using successive illustrations. For travel type games it is convenient to use a stand book. Secure it to the bottom of the board. On the top - place the transport on which the trip will take place. As the trip progresses, the presenter (first the teacher, and then the child), turning over the sheets of the book stand, demonstrates various scenes depicting events and meetings that take place along the way. You can also illustrate episodes from the life of a kindergarten if each page depicts a new routine process.

4. Flannelograph. Pictures are also good to show on the screen. They are held in place by the adhesion of the flannel that covers the screen and the back of the picture. Instead of flannel, you can stick pieces of sandpaper or velvet paper on the pictures. Together with the children, select drawings from old books and magazines, and the missing ones can be completed. This gives the guys pleasure. Use natural materials too.

Screens of various shapes allow you to create “living” pictures that are convenient to demonstrate to the whole group of children. All children can work on prism screens in pairs at the same time during classes. The scenes on the screens are different, and children will be able to see the variety of options for depicting the same topic.

This type of game allows you to easily depict crowd scenes, for example, “Air Parade”, “Bird Flight”, “Launch” space rocket" and etc.

5. Shadow theater. What is needed is a screen of translucent paper, expressively cut out black flat characters and a bright light source behind them, thanks to which the characters cast shadows on the screen. Very interesting images are obtained using your fingers. For example, you can make a goose, a hare, a barking dog, an angry turkey, fighting boxers, etc. Just remember to accompany the show with the appropriate sound.

To show a scene with several characters at the same time, install a bar at the bottom of the screen on which you can strengthen the figure. For example, first the grandfather pulls the turnip. Strengthen his figure on the bar and display the headstock, etc. Place the figures close to the screen so that the shadows are clear. Position yourself below or to the side of the screen so that your shadow does not fall on it.

Shadow theater is good to use during leisure hours.

6. Finger Theater. The child puts the attributes on his fingers, but, as in dramatization, he himself acts for the character whose image is on his hand. As the action progresses, the child moves one or all fingers, pronouncing the text, moving his hand behind the screen. You can do without a screen and depict actions by moving freely around the room.

Finger theater is good when you need to show several characters at the same time. For example, in the fairy tale “Turnip” new characters appear one after another. Such a performance can be performed by one child using his fingers. Fairy tales “The Goat and the Seven Little Kids”, “Twelve Months”, “Boy-Ki-Balchish”, “Geese-Swans” and others with many characters can be shown by two or three children who are located behind the screen. The display of such fairy tales with crowd scenes is possible thanks to finger attributes.

7. Bibabo.

In these games, a doll is placed on the fingers of the hand. The movements of her head, arms, and torso are carried out using movements of the fingers and hand.

Bibabo dolls usually operate on a screen behind which the driver is hidden. But when the game is familiar or the dolls are driven by the children themselves, i.e. the moment of mystery has disappeared, then the drivers can go out to the audience, communicate with them, give them something, take someone by the hand, involve them in the game, etc. Such “exposure” does not reduce, but rather increases the interest and activity of the children.

When children see an adult playing with bibabo dolls, they will most likely also want to learn how to drive them themselves. If the doll turns out to be too big for a child’s hand, then you can insert two fingers into the head instead of one. Shorten the doll's sleeves so that the children's fingers fit into the sleeves of the hands. You can also make dolls for children's hands. Well-preserved parts from old broken toys and soft animals will be useful for this. Dress them up and make them up for the desired role. Show the children how the doll should move, how to move it across the screen.

8. Improvisation - acting out a theme, a plot without preliminary preparation - is perhaps the most difficult, but also the most interesting game. All previous types of theater prepare for it. And yet, children will be at a loss if you suddenly invite them to act out this or that scene. Prepare them for this - come up with a theme together, discuss how to portray it, what the roles and characteristic episodes will be.

The next step is to let each participant in the game depict the theme in their own way. And an even more difficult task: the child chooses a theme and acts it out himself. Next time the guys will ask each other topics themselves. And finally, with the help of facial expressions, intonation, and attribute, you can make a riddle. The answer is the theme, which is also played out.

Conclusions on the first chapter

In the first chapter of our work, we looked at the history of the appearance children's theater, and what kind of children's theater it has now. We analyzed one of the main components of theatrical activity - creativity. The influence of creativity on the education of a harmoniously developed personality. Highlighted stages creative activity child. We identified the types of theaters that are used in preschool institutions, conditions and requirements imposed on them. Theatrical games, their classification, and the influence of games on the development of a child were also considered. preschool age

Preschool age provides excellent opportunities for development creativity. And the creative potential of an adult will largely depend on the extent to which these opportunities were used. The more favorable the conditions, the closer they are to optimal, the more successful development begins. Development can reach its greatest heights, and the child can become talented and brilliant. From a psychological point of view, preschool childhood is a favorable period for the development of creative abilities because at this age children are extremely inquisitive, they have a great desire to learn about the world around them.

The sphere of art is considered as a space that contributes to the formation of social and aesthetic activity of the individual.

This view of raising a child made the problem of education and upbringing of preschoolers by means of theatrical arts and allowed us to turn to theatrical activities in preschool educational institutions not only as an independent section of the artistic education of children, but also as a powerful synthetic means of developing their creative abilities. After all, the art of theater is an organic synthesis of music, dance, painting, rhetoric, acting, and concentrates the means of expression available in the arsenal into a single whole. individual arts, and, thereby, creates conditions for the education of an integral creative personality, which contributes to the achievement of the goals of modern education.

Thus, we come to the conclusion that it is better to identify and develop the creative abilities of preschoolers through theatrical activities, since theatrical activities are focused on the comprehensive development of the child’s personality, his unique individuality. Promotes self-knowledge and personal expression; creates conditions for the socialization of the child; helps to realize the feelings of satisfaction, joy, significance that arise as a result of identifying hidden talents and potencies. Theater activities not only develops the mental functions of the child’s personality, artistic ability, but also the universal human ability for interpersonal interaction and creativity in any field. In addition, for a child, a theatrical performance is good opportunity at least for a short while, become a hero, believe in yourself, hear the first applause in your life.

children's theater creativity performance

Bibabo is the simplest doll, consisting of a head and a dress in the form of a glove. The head has a special hole for forefinger, and big and middle finger used for gesturing with the hands of a doll. Such a doll determined the fate of Sergei Obraztsov, who writes in his memoirs: My mother gave me a small funny doll. This doll was called Bibabo and consisted of a celluloid head and a blue robe that fits on the hand like a glove... Everything Bibabo did was funny and a little touching. I both loved and felt sorry for him, just as children love and feel sorry for little kittens. I even took it with me for a walk, and it stuck out in the sleeve of my sheepskin coat, looking at passers-by, a policeman, children on Chistoprudny Boulevard or a store window... Is it because the sky is blue and the earth is my lover in this festive cleansing, I give you poetry , cheerful as bibabo and sharp and necessary as toothpicks! (Vladimir Mayakovsky)

Palm theater on plates Mitten masks. The theater is made from disposable paper plates. Painted with watercolors and coated with clear varnish.

Tantamaresque Theater Tantamaresque – stand with bright pattern, which contains a funny plot, and holes are cut out where the characters' heads should be. The characters are given interesting poses; you can place them against the backdrop of a fairyland or outer space, it depends on your imagination. Tantamaresque is a doll with the help of which facial expressions, emotional expressiveness of speech and gestures, and expressiveness of movements are practiced.

1. Getting to know theater puppet B-ba-bo and theatrical games. 2. Imitation games. 3. Practicing basic emotions. First junior group

Consistent acquaintance with types of theaters and the basics of acting. 1. Games that imitate individual actions of humans, animals and birds. 2. A game that imitates the images of well-known fairy-tale characters. 3. Improvisation game to music. 4. One-theme wordless improvisation game with one character based on the texts of poems and jokes. Second junior group

5. Game-improvisation based on texts short tales, stories, poems. 6. Role-playing dialogue between fairy tale heroes. 7. Dramatizing fragments of fairy tales about animals. 8. Single-theme improvisation game with several characters folk tales and author's texts.

Puppet theater should be combined with theatrical play. 1. Multi-character dramatization games based on the texts of two or three-part fairy tales about animals and fairy tales. 2. Dramatization games based on the texts of stories on the topics “Children and their games”, “Guys and animals”, “The work of adults”. 3. Staging a performance based on the work. Middle group

4. Acquaintance with facial expressions and pantomime. 5. Theater productions based on poetic and prose works(S. Marshak “The Tale of a Stupid Mouse”, K. Chukovsky “Confusion”). 6. Finger Theater in independent activity(“We lived with grandma”, S. Mikhalkov “Kittens”, L. Zubkova “We shared an orange”)

Senior group In the senior group, all children actively participate in theatrical games and dramatizations. 1. Children already have access to independent productions of performances, including those based on a “collage” of several literary works. 2. Puppets and dolls with a living hand are added. 3. Russian folk tales and fables about animals are used.

In the preparatory group, theatrical games are distinguished by more complex characters and mise-en-scenes (the placement of actors on stage) that are difficult to develop. The ability to perform the same actions in different situations, circumstances and in different ways develops. Kindness and sociability are fostered in communication with peers. Children learn to respond appropriately to the behavior of their partners. Children compose sketches with imaginary circumstances. Preparatory group

View puppet shows and conversations on them; Dramatization games; Exercises for social-emotional development; Corrective and educational games; Diction exercises (articulation gymnastics); Tasks for the development of speech intonation expressiveness; Transformation games (“learn to control your body”), imaginative exercises; Exercises for the development of children's plasticity; Contents of theatrical activities classes

Rhythmic minutes (logorhythmics); Finger play training for the development of hand motor skills, necessary for puppeteering; Exercises to develop expressive facial expressions, elements of the art of pantomime; Theater sketches; Selected ethics exercises during dramatizations; Preparation (rehearsals) and performance of various different fairy tales and performances;

Familiarity not only with the text of the fairy tale, but also with the means of its dramatization - gesture, facial expressions, movement, costume, scenery (props), mise-en-scène, etc. One of the conditions for children to successfully master theatrical activities and improve speech is effective interaction with parents. Thus, theatrical play has an impact on the development of coherent speech in children if it arouses interest and desire to join the game, and also takes into account age and individual abilities.

DONETSK PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION OF THE ADMINISTRATION OF THE CITY OF DONETSK

MUNICIPAL PRESCHOOL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION

"NURSERY-GARDEN No. 303 OF THE CITY OF DONETSK"

Toolkit for the center of theatrical games

DIY fairy tale

Goncharova Inna Anatolyevna, teacher

Donetsk 2016

Introduction

Creative activity and the development of human creative abilities are component socio-economic and spiritual directions of modern social order. The word “creativity” in the social sense means to search for, to depict something that has not been encountered in past experience, individual and social. Creative activity is activity that gives birth to something new; the free art of creating a new product that reflects the personal “I”.

Children's creativity is one of the pressing problems of preschool pedagogy and child psychology. It was studied by L. S. Vygotsky, A. N. Leontiev, JI. I. Wenger, N. A. Vetlugina, B. M. Teplov, O. M. Dyachenko, A. I. Volkov and many others. Also, one of the main principles of the State Educational Standard for Education is the development of a creative personality.

Theatrical activity is the most common type children's creativity. It is close and understandable to the child, lies deeply in his nature and is reflected spontaneously, because it is connected with play. The child wants to translate any of his inventions, impressions from the life around him into living images and actions. Entering the character, he plays any role, trying to imitate what he saw and what interested him, and receiving great emotional pleasure.

There are quite a few types of children's theater, and they all help the child:

Form the correct model of behavior in the modern world;

Promote general culture to introduce the child to spiritual values;

Introduce him to children's literature, music, fine arts, rules of etiquette, rituals, traditions, instill a sustainable interest;

Improve the skill of embodying certain experiences in the game, encourage the creation of new images, encourage thinking.

Main part

Theater organization in kindergarten

What types of theaters can be organized in kindergarten? IN pedagogical literature It is proposed to carry out activities with preschoolers such as: table theater; bench; riding; wrist; floor; living puppet theater In turn, each of specified types divided into subspecies. Stand theater A stand theater is a surface on which character figures and decorations are attached. This type includes: Theater on flannelgraph (board covered with fabric). To organize this type of activity, you will need an industrial or self-made flannelgraph and figurines-characters of the selected work of art, on which you need to attach Velcro to the back side. Thus, as the plot develops, the child is invited to attach the necessary figures to the flannelgraph. Magnetic is essentially the same as the previous type, only a metal board is used, and magnetic strips are attached to the figures instead of Velcro. The basis and, accordingly, the characters of such a theater can be the most different sizes: from a small desktop version to a full-fledged screen for an auditorium or music hall. Shadow theater in the gardens is the most mysterious and unusual for children to perceive; preschoolers enthusiastically participate in such a game. To organize this type of theater you will need a screen (white fabric stretched vertically), a lantern or table lamp (depending on the size of the screen), and black cardboard figures. Instead of using toy characters, shadows can be created directly with your hand and fingers. This type is called “living shadow theater”.

Tabletop theater The name of this type of theater speaks for itself - play activities are carried out on the table. Its peculiarity is that the scenery and characters must be small in size so that it is possible to place all the necessary attributes of the game on the surface. What kind of tabletop theater is there in kindergarten: Paper (cardboard). Often this ready theater can be found in any children's magazine- you just need to cut out and assemble all the necessary parts and you can start the performance. Magnetic is a metal board with magnets - characters from some fairy tale. Theater from natural material, for example, cones, chestnuts, acorns, etc. It is convenient to place such characters in a box of sand. " Wrist Theater This type includes theatrical activities, which require such attributes as finger puppets or toys - “gloves”. There are the following “wrist” types of theaters in kindergarten: finger theater; glove What is needed to organize such theatrical activities? First of all, you need a screen. Its size depends directly on the size of the characters. In turn, dolls are most often made independently by the teacher. But students can also take an active part in creating characters. For example, you can make finger puppets from cardboard cones, fabric, tennis balls and other materials. “Glove puppets” can be made, for example, from a mitten or sock, sewing the necessary elements (face, hands, clothes, etc.) to the base. It is important to note that finger theater, in addition to other advantages, effectively develops fine motor skills of preschoolers, which, in turn, directly affects the formation of children’s speech

Horse Theater What is a horse theater? This term was introduced by Russian puppeteers back in the 16th century. Its peculiarity is that the dolls are taller than the person who controls them. There are the following types: In a cane theater, puppets are used, which, accordingly, are attached to a high cane, and the person who controls the characters is hidden behind a screen. The Bi-ba-bo theater is becoming increasingly popular. In principle, this is the same “glove”, since the dolls are put on the hand. The only difference is that a high screen is used and, thus, the characters are shown to the audience at a level higher than the puppeteer’s height. No less interesting is the theater of spoons in kindergarten. Attributes for this play activity making your own is very easy. For this you will need a wooden spoon. The character’s face is drawn on its convex part, and clothes are put on the handle fairy tale hero. During production children's performance little puppeteers hold spoon characters by the handle.

Floor theater Floor theater uses puppets. Making them yourself is quite difficult, so most often they are purchased in specialized stores. Due to this feature, this type of theatrical activity is rarely carried out in kindergartens. But it is the puppet theater that evokes a storm of emotions and delight in preschoolers. Since children do not yet understand the mechanism of action of such dolls, children imagine that the toys themselves have “come to life”. It is this element of “miracle”, “fairy tale” that contributes to the emergence of positive emotions in preschoolers.

Living Puppet Theater But more often than others, a “live” puppet theater is organized in kindergarten. Such an activity can be carried out as a lesson on the development of speech, the surrounding world, the study foreign language, as well as during leisure time. In addition, a live theater production can be dedicated to a holiday, for example, Maslenitsa or New Year. The following types of described play activities are distinguished: theater of masks; theater of giant puppets. The latter is most often carried out as a leisure activity in a preschool educational institution. The roles of giant dolls are played either by adults or older preschoolers. Younger children can only act as spectators. Then the mask theater is suitable for children of any age. Even the youngest pupils have the opportunity to “reincarnate” into the hero of a fairy tale. The teacher can invite the children to retell a story the kids love in such an unusual way or prepare a full-fledged performance for their parents. Preschoolers can make masks for the upcoming performance on their own under the guidance of a teacher, for example, during classes on artistic and aesthetic development or during leisure activities. In order to organize theatrical activities with preschoolers, you will need various attributes, including masks, dolls, and decorations. Of course, the necessary equipment can be purchased in specialized stores. But by inviting kids to make the necessary equipment for the theatricalization of a fairy tale, it is possible not only to diversify educational process preschoolers, increase motivation to labor activity, but also to realize the main educational and educational goals. What can you use to make a theater for preschoolers? For most types of such creative activities, a theater screen is required. The kindergarten usually has the specified equipment either game room, either in music hall. But if you don’t have a screen of the required size, you can make it yourself. The easiest way to make such an attribute for a theatrical game is to stretch thick fabric over the doorway. Depending on what type of activity is supposed to be carried out, a “window” is either cut out in the material or an indentation is made at the top to accommodate the characters. Screen for finger theater. To organize a finger theater, you will need a small screen. Therefore, this attribute can be made from cardboard boxes, at the bottom of which it is necessary to cut a hole. Such a screen then needs to be aesthetically decorated. It is recommended to decorate the box with universal decorations so that you do not have to make a new screen for each fairy tale separately. So, you can design it in the form of a forest clearing and place it as a “house on the edge.” Dolls for the theater in preschool educational institutions from scrap materials Preschoolers really like to make their own from unusual materials character dolls for theatrical games. What can such attributes be made of? A teacher who practices a creative approach to work is able to make figures from the most unexpected materials. For example, a paper theater is the easiest and fastest way to make homemade characters. You can also use wooden ice cream sticks, covering them with felt, foil, or colored self-adhesive film. Materials for making characters puppet theater: cardboard, making two holes for fingers at the bottom; matchboxes; tennis balls; inflatable balloons; disposable tableware: plates, cups, spoons; socks, mittens, gloves; plastic bottles; natural material, etc. Thus, it is possible to organize different types theaters in kindergarten. When planning such activities, it is important for the teacher to take into account the age and individual characteristics of the students and their interests. In addition, it is necessary not only to correctly conduct a theatrical game, but also to methodically correctly think through the preparatory and final stages of working with children. The effectiveness depends on these factors pedagogical work with preschoolers in general.

Practical part

Each of us spends our childhood in the world of role-playing games, which help the child master the rules and laws of adults. Each child plays in his own way, but in their games they all copy adults, their favorite heroes, and try to be like them. Children's games can be considered improvised theatrical performances. The child is given the opportunity to play the role of an actor, director, decorator, prop maker, and musician. Making props, scenery, and costumes provides an opportunity for children's visual and technical creativity. Children draw, sculpt, sew, and all these activities acquire meaning and purpose as part of a common plan that excites children.

To organize just such creative process a theatrical activity area is used. It is located in a well-lit place next to the music and book corners.

Toys for tabletop theater can be made of paper and cardboard. These flat toys are glued together in two parts and placed on wooden, plastic or cardboard stands. These are toys on a cone, cylinder and disk (our small innovation in the tabletop theater). The image is pasted onto the finished model. If you use flat images, then you get a theater of pictures.

Very interesting finger theater. It can be made from paper, fabric, knitted from

thread The main thing is desire and your imagination.

I can't help but show you mitten theater. It is made of paper in the shape of a triangle, which

allows the toy to be stable.

Children also enjoy playing with dolls made from gloves - washcloths.

Theater on plastic or wooden spoons is very interesting for children. The doll is very easy to make. An image of the character is pasted onto the spoon and voila - you're ready. theater on spoons.

Bibabo dolls You can buy it or make it yourself from stockings.

Must be present in the theater activity area shadow theater: finger and planar. It’s not difficult to make them by cutting out a character figurine from black cardboard.

Caps of heroes from fairy tales or, in other words, a theater of masks should also be present in the theater area. The masks are made of cardboard (for durability) and, if desired, can be laminated.

To make this creative corner even wider, you can include: Theater on magnets, Reed Theater, Costume theater

Didactic material

Didactic game Game "Let's play theater"

Target: Introduce children to the theater. Give an initial idea of how the theater works, who works in the theater, how performances are prepared, the stage, etc. Expand children's horizons, cultivate an interest in new things, a love of theater, and a desire to become an “actor.”

Equipment: the game consists of a stage and backstage, attributes - props for playing out a scene or performance: a chair, a table, a sofa, a model summer garden, decoration of the room, part of the yard. Set of cards with images of people different professions theater and a set of cards depicting the actions of this profession.

Material: The game is made of cardboard and comes with a set of small toys for playing out scenes from the play. Cards made of thick laminated cardboard.

Conclusion

From our experience, we are convinced that children:

1. master the skills of expressive speech and rules of behavior,

2. etiquette for communicating with peers and adults;

3. show interest and desire for theatrical art,

4. know how to convey different feelings using facial expressions, gestures, intonation

5. independently perform and convey images of fairy-tale characters.

Thanks to our common efforts, the lives of our children have become interesting and meaningful, filled with vivid impressions, interesting things to do and the joy of creativity. Children use the skills acquired in theatrical activities in Everyday life

Introduction…………………………………..3

2.Organization of theater in kindergarten………...4

3. Practical part…………………………16

4.Didactic material……………………22

5. Conclusion…………………………………. 24

6. References…………………………26

Literature

1. Migunova E.V. Theater pedagogy in kindergarten, Sfera shopping center, 2009.

2. Shchetkin A.V. Theatrical activities in kindergarten Mosaic - Synthesis, 2008.

3. Dodokina N.D., Evdokimova E.S. Family theater in kindergarten, Mosaic - Synthesis, 2008

4. Gubanova N.F. Play activities in kindergarten Mosaic - Synthesis, 2008.

5. Baranova E.V., Savelyeva A.M. From skills to creativity Mosaic - Synthesis, 2009.

6. Gubanova N.F. Development of gaming activities Mosaic - Synthesis, 2008.

Theatrical art is understandable and accessible to children, since it is based on play. Theater influences the viewer through artistic words, action, color, and music.
It is important, from preschool years, to develop in children an interest in the theater, a desire to attend it, to participate in theatrical games and simple performances. Children's need for play manifests itself very early. Already at 2-3 years old, children willingly portray a clumsy bear, a runaway bunny, or a cunning fox. They easily and happily transform from one image to another. Their actions are one-dimensional, imitative, imitative in nature, but at the same time emotionally rich.

Young children are grateful spectators if they can talk to them on stage, taking into account the peculiarities of their development. The main thing is for parents to understand where and for what purpose they can take their child. It’s too early to take two or three year olds, for example, to a real theater. The repertoire of children's performances, as a rule, is not designed for this age. Therefore, we suggest creating a theater at home or in kindergarten. For young children (up to 3 years old), you can start with the simplest thing, for example, a show with toys, which kids are also attracted to.

New toys (dolls, dogs, bears, etc.) and without the effort of an adult at first arouse delight, interest, and surprise in the child. Over time, the novelty of perception disappears, and other impressions appear that become more significant. AND forgotten toys they are bored somewhere in the corners. How can we help them to become part of the baby’s life for a long time and become his favorites?

Children's theater in kindergarten: where to start?

Involve children in theatrical and play activities from childhood. Become a director and create a theater. For preschoolers, this is playing out elementary life situations with toys, dramatization of familiar literary works: songs, poems, fairy tales, stories.

We recommend that when introducing a child to new toy come up with a simple plot: a dog gets lost and is looking for a true friend; the doll is a little daughter who needs care and love; The bear has eaten too much honey and needs the help of a family doctor.

You can play with any children's toy, gradually moving from simple actions with it to small, simple plots. And in the future these storylines develop based on life experience. The adult also joins the game and takes on certain roles, shows an example of how to act in a given situation, improvises during the game, speaks with a specific toy, stimulates the child to think, act, and respond. These are so-called improvisation games.

Children's theater at home

If a child has his own favorite toy (Carlson, Pinocchio, Barbie, etc.), make it the main character of a home children's theater, with whom things happen every day. amazing Adventures. Gradually expand his social circle by including other toys in the game.
Don't forget about finger theater, which is also very useful for preschoolers.
With the help of the chosen main character, you can talk about everything in the world. If he makes a mistake or does something wrong, then the kids themselves correct him and teach him. These simple improvisations bring them real pleasure. They don’t even notice that their favorite character speaks in the voice of dad or mom.
Should a child take part in the play?
Gradually, children are no longer satisfied with the role of spectator; they themselves suggest the plot, willingly get involved in events, play with toys, talk with characters in stories as equals, and are able to express their own feelings through facial expressions, gestures, movements, and intonation.

When the child’s actions with toys become more complex and follow a pre-thought-out plan, you can already turn to the texts of songs, poems, simple and familiar fairy tales and try to act them out both with and without clarity. If the text is quite voluminous, it is first advisable to invite the child to reproduce individual episodes of the work, and then the entire plot. In addition to the usual performances with toys, you can use a finger theater, which will help children develop hand motor skills.

Various theatrical performances based on fairy tales attract children because they are accessible and suit their interests. They contribute to the formation of initiative, independence, responsibility, the ability to distinguish between good and evil, develop speech, facial expressions, gestures, communication skills, and provide an opportunity to join the magical world of theatrical art from childhood. Finger theater in preschool will help develop fine motor skills of the hands.

Of course, this is not a real theater yet. In kindergarten, such improvisational games with toys are called “toy theater” because its elements are present here: playing roles, identifying certain character traits of the characters, trying to convey them, and the like. The main thing is to include the child in an impromptu dialogue and develop common actions with the toy characters. Thus, in theatrical activities, the child learns certain play techniques without didactic pressure, his imagination and fantasy are activated, and elements of creativity are manifested.

When involving children in dramatizing fairy tales and other literary works with toys, first together select ones that correspond to the chosen plot. It is important that when playing it, the characters talk and perform certain actions in accordance with the text. To act out literary works, you can use not only ordinary toys, but also a tabletop toy theater.

What toys and equipment should be bought for a kindergarten to organize a theater?

To organize a children's theater, you may need toys and characters from various works. Ready-made sets of flat tabletop theaters based on the plots of various fairy tales are available for sale. This set is a kind of model with which a child can play out not only fragments, but also the entire fairy tale, speaking the words of each character and acting for each of them. Preschoolers perceive dialogic speech and interaction between characters well, therefore, from acting out various texts with clarity, you can gradually move on to playing roles in joint theatrical activities with adults: during imitation games, dramatization of fairy tales, dramatization and role-playing of poems written in dialogical form.

If possible, increase the amount characters, involve children from older groups in creativity. The older the children, the more they need to pay attention to understanding the content of a work of art, the characteristics of the characters and behavior of various characters who act, move, speak in their own way, in different ways.

How to prepare a theater performance?

It’s useful to fantasize about each character together and come up with little stories. This will expand children's ideas about play images. It is important to encourage preschoolers to be creatively independent; you can offer to show, for example, how hard a cockerel works and at the same time how frivolous little mice dance and sing (the fairy tale “The Cockerel and Two Little Mice”).

Older preschoolers are already able to convey mood, state of mind heroes. Teach children from childhood to master the means of emotional expressiveness, that is, to express feelings through facial expressions, gestures, intonation, words, and emotions. Exercise them in this. For example, you can invite the child to show how the grandfather and woman rejoice when the chicken laid an egg and how they mourn when it breaks, to sing the songs of Kolobok (confidently and boldly, surprised, joyfully, sadly) or Kozy-Wolera (in a “scary” voice).

All this helps the child “get into character.” This gradual inclusion of a preschooler in theatrical and play activities produces positive results. At the age of six, he can already be not only a participant and performer of certain roles, but also a “director” who develops his own scripts and independently performs a “toy theater” or puppet theater performance. Can be the initiator and organizer of dramatization games among peers based on the plots of friends works of art, can transmit characteristics a certain stage image and, most importantly, realize the needs for self-expression, communication, and identifying a personal attitude towards your hero. The organization of elementary theatrical activities for children at home and in a preschool institution contributes to the formation of their interest in theater as an art form, certain ideas about theater, theatrical terminology, aesthetic perception theatrical performances.

What can theater be like in kindergarten?

Director's games include tabletop, shadow, bibabo theater, and puppet theater. An attribute is a sign of a character that symbolizes its typical properties.

Shadow theater refers to director's theatrical games. This is a presentation of performances using a screen made of transparent fabric, dark-colored cut-out figures of characters and a bright light source.

Finger theater is a show of a fairy-tale performance, where the performers are hidden, and the characters are dressed on the fingers, having a special structure of attributes; this is good gymnastics for the hands. Finger theater requires the presence of special scenery. As the actions progress, they move either one or all fingers, pronouncing the text and moving their hand.

Puppet theater is a systematic art, where both artistic word, and a visual image - a doll, and pictorial and decorative design, and musical accompaniment.
Watch video film « »:

This is a good opportunity to reveal creative potential child, nurturing the creative orientation of the individual. Children learn to notice the world around them interesting ideas, embody them, create your own artistic image character, they develop creative imagination, associative thinking, speech, the ability to see unusual moments in the ordinary.

Theatrical activities help the child overcome timidity, self-doubt, and shyness.

Thus, theater helps the child develop comprehensively.

The importance of theatrical activities

in children's educational institutions can and should be given to all types of children's theater, because they help:

form the correct model of behavior in the modern world;
improve the child’s general culture and introduce him to spiritual values;
introduce him to children's literature, music, fine arts, rules of etiquette, rituals, traditions, instill a sustainable interest;
gives elementary representations about types of theater.
improve the skill of embodying certain experiences in the game, encourage the creation of new images, encourage thinking.
contribute to the development of play behavior, aesthetic sense, the ability to be creative in any task, the ability to communicate with peers and adults, the development of stage creativity, musical and artistic abilities of children;
develops public speaking and creative collaboration skills.

Diverse development of preschool children in theatrical activities

Main areas of work with children

Theater game

Objectives: To teach children to navigate in space, to be evenly placed around the site, to build a dialogue with a partner on a given topic. Develop the ability to voluntarily tense and relax individual muscle groups, remember the words of the characters in performances, develop visual auditory attention, memory, observation, creative thinking, fantasy, imagination, interest in performing arts.

Rhythmoplasty

Objectives: To develop the ability to voluntarily respond to a command or musical signal, the willingness to act in a coordinated manner, develop coordination of movement, learn to remember given poses and convey them figuratively.

Culture and technique of speech

Objectives: To develop speech breathing and correct articulation, clear diction, varied intonation and logic of speech; teach to compose short stories and fairy tales, select the simplest rhymes; pronounce tongue twisters and poems, expand your vocabulary.

Fundamentals of theatrical culture

Objectives: To acquaint children with theatrical terminology, with the main types of theatrical art, to cultivate a culture of behavior in the theater.

Work on the play

Objectives: Learn to compose sketches based on fairy tales; develop skills in working with imaginary objects; develop the ability to use intonations that express a variety of emotional states(sad, happy, angry, surprised, delighted, pitiful, etc.).

Forms of organizing theatrical activities

When choosing material for staging, you need to start from age capabilities, knowledge and skills of children, enrich their life experience, stimulate interest in new knowledge, expand creative potential:

Joint theatrical activities of adults and children, theatrical activities, theatrical games at holidays and entertainment.
Independent theatrical and artistic activity, theatrical play in everyday life.
Mini-games in other classes, theatrical games-performances, children visiting theaters together with their parents, mini-scenes with dolls during the study of the regional component with children, involving the main doll - Parsley - in solving cognitive problems.

Forms of work

Theater games
Speech games
Rhythmoplasty
Dramatization of songs, chants, round dances
Usage various types theater
Dramatization of fairy tales
Visiting theaters
Interaction with parents

Types of theater in kindergarten

bibabo
table theater
theater on flannelgraph
theater book
five finger theater
masque
hand shadow theater
finger shadow theater
theater of "living" shadows
magnetic theater
puppet theater

Types of theater in kindergarten

Organization of a theatrical performance center

In kindergarten groups, corners for theatrical performances and performances are organized. They provide space for director's games with finger and table theater.

In the corner are located:

various types of theaters: bibabo, tabletop, flannelgraph theater, etc.;
props for acting out skits and performances: a set of dolls, screens for a puppet theater, costumes, costume elements, masks;
attributes for various playing positions: theatrical props, scenery, scripts, books, samples musical works, posters, cash register, tickets, pencils, paints, glue, types of paper, natural materials.