However, the theater in kindergarten– the concept is more extensive and also implies the direct participation of children as actors, screenwriters, and directors. Theater in kindergarten is used by preschoolers great love. Children are always happy to join the game: they actively participate in the performance, answer the questions of the puppet characters, empathize with them, and give them advice.
Theater in kindergarten “grows” with the children. Acquaintance with the world of beauty begins with the first junior group. Children act as spectators, who, however, at the end of the performance are allowed to get to know the characters, play with them, and put them in a box.
In the second younger group, children become active participants in stories. Finger Theater or puppet theater - something that will be understandable to preschoolers at this age. Scripts, as a rule, are borrowed from Russian folk tales, and child actors learn to imitate characteristic movements fairy foxes, bunnies, wolves.
IN middle group theater in kindergarten reaches a new level. Children are invited to repeat the facial expressions and intonation of the characters. Children are involved as actors and performances are organized for parents. It must be said that for children who lack self-confidence, theater in kindergarten is very useful. They get the opportunity to express themselves and open up, but at the same time, as it were, “remaining in the shadows,” behind a screen.
Acting school is coming to an end in preparatory group, when children are offered mise-en-scenes that are complex in their plot, heroes with “problematic” characters and dolls that are difficult to control, like cane or soft toys. Throughout the entire preschool journey, it is important not to leave a single child unnoticed. Everyone should have a small role. As a rule, silent children are offered wordless roles, while active children who speak well are given large chunks of text to learn. One of important conditions The implementation of the system of artistic and aesthetic education in a preschool institution is the correct organization of the developing subject-spatial environment. Therefore, each age group should have an aesthetically designed theater and play area. One of the important conditions for the implementation of the system of artistic and aesthetic education in a preschool institution is the correct organization of the developing subject-spatial environment. Therefore, each age group should have an aesthetically designed theater and play area.
KINDS
THEATERS
At preschool educational institution
Finger and mitten theater
These are dolls made of fabric, glued from paper or knitted from wool and thread. The pattern follows the contour extended finger adult or child or the outline of the palm. The doll should fit freely on any finger or hand of the puppeteer. The character's face can be embroidered, glued or sewn on using buttons, beads, threads, ropes, pieces of wool, colored paper, textile. Children play behind a screen or in direct contact. For a finger theater, together with your child, you can draw or glue any character from a fairy tale from colored paper, then stick it on thin cardboard, and then reverse side sew or glue a wide elastic band, put it on your finger and play. For the mitten theater, you can use unnecessary children's mittens.
Each child involved in the performance works with only one doll. Children find intonations and movements of a particular character on their own or with the help of an adult. The performance is well accompanied by music or songs that children know.
Mitten dolls
Puppets for this theater can be made from sewn or knitted mittens, but mitten dolls made of paper are of particular interest to children. Children place the pattern on paper, trace it, carefully cut it out and glue it together. Then the mitten dolls are decorated with paints, felt-tip pens, appliqué, etc. You can even make part of the decorations on such mittens, for example, trees, bushes and much more.
Bi-ba-bo puppet theater
(or the Petrushki Theater)
The Petrushki Theater is a theater whose puppets are worn on three full fingers of the hand - like a glove. In Italy, these dolls used to be called burattini, now they are called pupattzi. In Russia, this puppet character was named Petrushka. Parsley for a long time traveled from fair to fair until, in 1924, he finally found his home in St. Petersburg. And it was then that a permanent puppet theater for children was organized.
These dolls can be purchased at children's stores or made by yourself. The most simple doll consists of a shirt body, a head and handles. The body-shirt is cut from fabric according to the puppeteer's hand. The head can be made from different materials: wood, bread, plasticine, plastic ball, but usually made of papier-mâché. Or you can use old dolls or rubber toys that you may be planning to throw away. If you take the head of a rubber doll and sew a new costume onto it (so that a child’s hand fits through it), then the doll will come to life, and it can be used in theatrical performances.
The doll is put on like this: on forefinger- the head, and on the large and medium ones - arms or paws. If the doll is too heavy for small child, then a gapit (a wooden rod with a comfortable rounded handle) comes to the rescue.
The stage of the Parsley Theater is a screen. The scenery is placed on it, and the action takes place. Behind the screen there are puppeteers who control the puppets and speak for them.
Puppet theater gives children a lot of joy and pleasure, creates in them good mood and is clearly reflected in their creative games.
Tabletop theater, toy theater
These are flat or ordinary toys that children play with every day. Stage area - children's table. You can make a character for a tabletop theater yourself from any available material: pine cones, acorns, roots; from household materials: milk and kefir bags, shoe boxes.
If you take old skittles and cut off the bottom, and then trim or tie them, you will get a puppet for a tabletop theater. To decorate the doll, buttons, beads, wool, fabric, specially tied ears, noses, eyes, hair, paws and tails are used…. These dolls can be put on your hand, on a gapit, or on a thread.
The teacher sits at the children's table, and the children sit in a semicircle in front of him. Children should not see the toys that the teacher will use to show the performance. The teacher, without masking his hands, takes toys in front of the children, moves them and speaks for them.
Such a performance of toys, despite its great simplicity and primitiveness, is not devoid of theatricality; Both toddlers and older children watch it with great interest.
For the performance, it is recommended to take scenes specially written for showing them with toys: “Matryoshka and Katya”, “Game of Hide and Seek”, “Adventures of Toys” and others. You can come up with similar scenes for the puppet theater yourself or use individual plots from children's literature. You just need to remember that their content should be extremely simple, without difficult, impossible actions and movements for toys.
The toy show is designed for a small group of children. It is shown not in the hall at the holiday, but in the group room.
The purpose of such displays is to entertain and please children, to make the doll more interesting for them, and to help them add variety to their play activities.
Shadow theater
Shadow theater is a joyful and welcome entertainment. Children love to watch how figures of people, animals and birds move on a brightly lit screen.
A fairy tale, story, poem, song can be accompanied by showing shadows. Expressive performance of musical and literary works, when skillfully demonstrated, evokes a wide variety of emotions in children.
The stage of the shadow theater is the screen. The screen frame of the shadow theater is made of wood or thick cardboard and decorated with ornaments. The screen is covered with thin white material. When shown, the shadow theater figures are pressed tightly against the material on the back of the screen. A light source is placed behind the screen. The silhouettes of the figures are made of thin cardboard and painted black on one side. Some parts of the silhouettes (arm, leg, head, etc.) can be made movable (attached with thread or wire). Pulling the string causes the figurine to move: the arm, head, etc. are lowered or raised.
When showing silhouettes, the puppeteer's hand should not be visible. Therefore, each figurine must have an additional part by which this figurine is held.
Many interesting fairy tales and other literary works loved by children can be shown in the shadow theater.
Screen for shadow theater (dimensions in cm)
Theater on flannelgraph
Children listen and watch the illustrative display with flannelgraph with great interest. They are amazed by the unusualness of the spectacle: the pictures do not fall, they stay on the board like magic. Older children immediately begin to become interested in the technique of making pictures and the flannelgraph itself. Children are even more surprised when the teacher tells them that they themselves can show such a picture theater to the kids. Children enthusiastically begin to prepare for the upcoming performance.
For illustrative display with flannelograph by older children, we can recommend the following: literary works: “Toys” by A. Barto, “Toys” by A. Akhundova, “What is good and what is bad?” V. Mayakovsky, “Merry Count” by S. Marshak, “They Gave You Nothing” by N. Naydenova, “Tanya Got Lost” by Z. Alexandrova, “Once Upon a Time There Lived a Baby Elephant” by G. Tsyferov, “Ladder” by E. Shabal.
Children should know these works by heart. Each work can be told and shown by several children at once.
For this type of theater you will need a piece of plywood covered with soft flannel (preferably in two layers) - this is the screen. You can draw pictures for display yourself (these are plots or characters from fairy tales, stories), or you can cut them out of old books that can no longer be restored. They are glued onto thin cardboard, and flannel is also glued to the back side.
These pictures can be laid out and moved on the table, and if you attach a stick (gapit) to the figure, you can perform a performance using the edge of the table as a screen. Another option is also possible: a thread is attached to the top of the picture (in this case the picture is drawn on both sides) and the picture is moved near the surface of the floor, table….
Role-playing theater
This is a theater where children take on the role of a chosen character. Children, with the help of an adult or independently, act out poems, riddles, small tales, dramatize songs.
For better visibility, children need costumes. You can buy them in a store or sew them yourself. In kindergarten, in each group or at home, it is advisable to have a costume room, where costumes are sewn by the hands of parents and children. If you don’t know how to sew, then together with your children make masks of various characters, decorations and props.
Masque
Masks-caps are made according to the size of the performer’s head. These can be knitted hats or characters drawn on cardboard, which are attached with an elastic band around the head.
Stock doll
.(cockerel, ducklings, dog, bear, etc.). These dolls are driven with the help of one or two rods (sticks). They are very useful for the development of fine motor skills, which contributes to the development of speech in children. These dolls also develop flexibility in the fingers, hand and wrist. Working with children younger age dolls are used on one rod. The teacher teaches how to hold the doll with all fingers (in a fist). The doll moves due to the movements of the hand. Older children control the dolls on two rods. To manipulate such dolls, you need to teach children to hold the sticks only with their fingertips.
Mastering stock dolls.
At stage 1, the teacher shows a performance in which he introduces children to new dolls.
At stage 2, the exercise “Download, sticks!” ":
You jump, sticks, take turns knocking the sticks on the floor
Like sunbeams!
Jump-jump, stick to stick
Jump-jump, simultaneously across the floor
We galloped onto the meadow. take turns knocking
chopsticks on the floor
With your right foot – stomp, stomp! tap the floor with your right stick
Left foot - stomp, stomp! tap the floor with your left stick
Sit on your head, “put the horns” above your head
They sang a song... banging a stick on a stick
Exercise “Stoolka”. A stoolka is a stick with a flat circle at the end, to which threads with balls are attached on both sides. You need to hold the stick with three fingers (thumb, index and middle), and if you twist the stick with your fingertips, the balls will hit a flat circle. Children enjoy playing with the doll and at the same time they develop the skills necessary for puppeteering.
At stage 3, a theatrical game is held, during which children learn to move a doll along the edge of the screen. The teacher gives everyone a stock doll and improvises a fairy tale in which all children must participate.
Theater on an egg
We pasted stickers based on the fairy tale “Ryaba the Hen” onto the Kinder Surprise capsule. In addition, you can buy wooden blank eggs and paint them with fairy-tale characters.
Origami Theater
These are paper folded figures. fairy tale characters. For the convenience of puppeteering, we attached them to balloon sticks
Puppet theater
These dolls have one end of the threads attached to the head, arms, legs, and torso, and the other to the vagina. The vaga is a tool for controlling the puppet: by controlling the vaga, the actor makes the puppet move. These dolls promote the development of coordination of movements, help the child learn to concentrate attention on one object, and develop the flexibility of fingers and hands.
Mastering puppets.
At stage 1, the teacher introduces children to a puppet doll. She can dance, approach each child, and talk to him.
Funny shoes are a tool for preparing to drive puppets, as well as for developing hand coordination. “Funny shoes” are easy to make yourself: you need to take a small stick, attach thin ropes to both ends. Bags with weights in the form of shoes are sewn to the ends of the ropes.
Sequence of exercises:
1. Rearrange the shoes one by one, holding the shoe with 2 hands.
2. Rearrange the shoes one by one, holding the shoe with one hand.
3. One shoe goes around the other. The vaga is held with both hands, the hands move as the vaga rotates.
4. One shoe goes around the other in a semicircle and returns. The vaga is held with one hand.
5. Both shoes jump at the same time. The vaga is held with both hands.
6. Both shoes jump at the same time. The vaga is held with one hand.
7. Rotate the shoes, i.e., use both hands to rotate the shoe clockwise, then back. It turns out to be a pinwheel.
At stage 3, the game “Walk with my toy” is played. Under cheerful music children walk with puppets and then pass their toy to another child.
At stage 4 – performance. To the music of different nature children manipulate the dolls, performing one at a time and observing all stages of the performance (exit-performance-bow-exit).
Scarf dolls
These dolls are called so because they are made of scarves. A scarf is attached to the doll's head, and elastic bands are sewn to its edges.
The head is attached to the puppeteer’s neck, and elastic bands are attached to the hands. Scarf dolls are convenient because they allow the puppeteer to move and dance freely.
Shawl butterfly dolls are made of light gauze scarves, which are gathered in the center with a soft elastic band. An elastic band is attached to the hands. And the edges of the scarf fall to back sides hands If you make smooth strokes with your brushes, the edges of the scarf will fly up like the wings of a butterfly. Butterfly dolls develop flexibility of the hands and strengthen the muscles of the fingers and elbow joints.
Mastering scarf dolls.
At stage 1, children get acquainted with a butterfly doll, dressed in the hands of the teacher.
At stage 2, children perform the “butterfly” exercise: the wrist of one hand is placed on the wrist of the other hand at a palm-down angle. The fingers are pressed tightly against each other and move up and down, like the wings of a butterfly.
At stage 3, a theatrical game “the moth flew” is held.
Kulachkovy Theater
This toy is interesting for children because it is dynamic. The head can rotate because it is attached to a stick, which is clamped in the puppeteer's fist and brought out through a hole in the dress. When driving the doll, two hands are involved. On the fist right hand the toy is put on and it drives the character, and with your left hand you can turn the doll's head using a wand.
To make a puppet for a fist theater, you need to make a pattern of all the details of the character, cut them out of fabric and sew them. Then fill the head tightly with cotton wool or foam rubber so that it is voluminous, tighten it tighter near the neck and put the resulting head on a stick. (Reinforce the stick with the same thread as the neck, wrapping it around it several times.) At the end of the work, the remaining parts are sewn to the head.
Stomper Theater
It’s quite easy to make characters for the stomper theater from old gloves, cutting off everything unnecessary and leaving only two fingers. You can make a pattern of characters and sew them from knitwear. It is better to draw the head on cardboard, then sew it to the figure or glue it, after which the remaining details of the character are sewn on.
Theater on sticks
To make this theater you will need sticks and character silhouettes made from cardboard. The secret of the toys is that each silhouette is attached to a stick and the character is activated by turning it.
Theater on a stick is interesting for children not only because it is very easy to make, but also because the actions can be depicted behind a screen or while moving freely around the room.
Description of the presentation by individual slides:
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Slide description:
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Slide description:
Theater for a child is always a holiday, a bright, unforgettable experience. Expression " Fairytale world childhood” are not empty words. In the life of a child there is a fairy tale with its good heroes, transformations and magic items. The fairy tale is close and understandable to children, and they find the embodiment of their fantasies and reflection of their worldview in the theater. To ensure joint and independent theatrical activities of children in groups, “Theatrical Corners” have been created. In order to realize the individual interests, inclinations and needs of preschoolers, the subject-spatial environment should ensure the right and freedom of choice of each child for a favorite activity or for a theatrical performance of a favorite work. Therefore, we, teachers, together with parents, tried to create various types of theaters, which we bring to your attention.
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Slide description:
First junior group The development of children's interest in theatrical and play activities begins from an early age, when simple varieties of theaters help in conveying an image, the ability to express this through movement and words. You can interest your child in the world of theatrical play by participating in a mini-play, supporting his very minor successes in every possible way. This requires special types of theater for children.
4 slide
Slide description:
There is a finger theater (when each doll is put on a finger); rubber dolls (presented in the form of rubber toys); table theater(characters, as well as some attributes of the fairy tale, hut, trees, etc., are presented in the form of wooden figures). also in theater corner there is a theater of masks and various hats depicting characters. .
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Slide description:
Second junior group In the second junior group, the ability to use certain means of expressiveness (facial expressions, gestures, movements, strength and timbre of voice, tempo of speech) is formed. These means are used to convey the image of the hero, his emotions and experiences. Gradually, children become involved in the process of playful communication with theatrical dolls and figurines of fairy-tale characters.
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Slide description:
This age group presents such types of theater as tabletop-cone theater, theater on flannelgraph, theater on glasses, and perhaps the most mysterious and interesting - shadow theater. Puppet theater on the table - promotes mastery of the technique of controlling tabletop theater puppets (dolls made of paper cones, cylinders, boxes, toys made of fabric, fur, foam rubber) Picture theater and flannelgraph - develops dexterity, the ability to control one’s movements, concentrate attention on one type of activity “Theater” shadows" is considered one of the most conventional theaters. There are no attention-diffusing colors or relief in it, so the attention of the child viewer is not scattered on the multiple and heterogeneous features of the object, but is focused only on its shape and movement. That is why it is accessible and well received by children.
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Slide description:
Middle group The child gradually moves: from playing “for himself” to playing aimed at the viewer; The simplest fairy tales are dramatized using a tabletop theater. Children's gaming experience is expanded by mastering theatrical play and different types of tabletop theater: soft toy, knitted or conical and flat shapes.
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Slide description:
Horseback puppet theaters, a theater on sticks, and a theater of spoons are available to children. Children are introduced to the theatrical screen and the basics of puppeteering. Finger theater is more often used in independent activity based on familiar poems and nursery rhymes
Slide 9
Slide description:
Senior group Children continue to improve their performing skills. The child becomes able to independently stage performances. The experience of directing is enriched by the use of puppets and dolls with a “living hand”. Mask theatre, theater on spoons, theater on sticks are used...
All theatrical games can be divided into two main groups: dramatization and director's. In dramatization games, the child, playing a role as an “artist,” independently creates an image using a set of expressive means.
Types of dramatization are: games - imitation of images of animals, people, literary characters. Dramatization games are role-playing dialogues based on text. But in director’s play, the “artists” are toys or their substitutes, and the child, organizing the activity as a “scriptwriter and director,” controls the “artists.” “Voicing” the characters and commenting on the plot, he uses different means of expression.
The types of director's games are determined in accordance with the variety of theaters used in kindergarten: tabletop, flat and volumetric, shadow puppet, finger theater, etc. In order to develop the independence and creativity of children in the process of theatrical activities, it is necessary to highlight several conditions:
Enrichment of the environment with attributes of theatrical activities and free exploration of this environment by children (mini theater, which is periodically replenished with new attributes and decorations);
- the content of games should correspond to the interests and capabilities of children;
- meaningful communication between teacher and children;
- the theatrical and play environment should be dynamically changing, and children take part in its creation;
- teaching children expressive means theatrical activities:
Facial expressions- tells us without words about certain feelings and moods of a person, that is, when a face expresses any emotions.
Gestures– dynamic movement of the body: arms, legs, head, etc., as well as posture.
Pantomime- facial expressions combined with gestures.
IN younger preschool age the teacher creates conditions for individual director's games by saturating the subject-play environment with small figurative toys (dolls, nesting dolls, animals, technical toys, construction sets, furniture, etc.). The teacher’s participation in individual director’s games is manifested in his acting out everyday and fairy-tale situations (from nursery rhymes, works by V. Berestov, E. Blaginina, etc.), demonstrating the use of role-playing speech, onomatopoeia, drawing the child into the game, prompting lines, and explaining actions.
IN middle group The teacher creates conditions for collective director games. In an object-play environment, in addition to imaginative toys, there should be a variety of waste materials (boards, spools, unbreakable vials, etc.), which contribute to the development of imagination and the ability to act with substitute objects. When organizing director's games, the teacher takes the position of an assistant: asks the child to explain the meaning of the actions, encourages role-playing speech (“What did you say?”, “Where did you go?”), sometimes acting as a bearer of gaming skills, showing fantastic stories with the help of toys and substitute objects. helps the child get involved in such activities.
Senior preschool age – the heyday of the director’s game, which becomes full-fledged joint activities. The content of the games are fantastic stories in which reality is intertwined with events from cartoons and books. The subject-game environment for director's games is constructed on the basis of a multifunctional game material(layout map of the playing space). Its use helps the child to invent and act out the events that make up the plot outline, imagine the plot situation even before it is played out, and then flesh it out in the process of director's play, filling it with game events. The closeness of the structure of the game and fairy tale plot makes it possible to use literary fairy tale as the basis for the development of the plot.
In each age group, it is desirable to have a corner for theatrical performances and performances. They provide space for director's games with finger, table, stand, theater of balls and cubes, costumes, and mittens. In the corner are located:
- various types of theaters: bibabo, tabletop, puppet theater, flannel theater, etc.;
- props for acting out skits and performances: a set of dolls, screens for a puppet theater, costumes, costume elements, masks;
- attributes for various playing positions: theatrical props, makeup, scenery, director's chair, scripts, books, samples musical works, places for spectators, posters, ticket office, tickets, pencils, paints, glue, types of paper, natural materials.
Classification of theatrical games
In children junior preschool age The primary development of director's theatrical play is noted through:
- tabletop toy theater;
- tabletop flat theater;
- flat theater on flannelgraph;
- finger theater
Aged 4-5 years the child masters different types tabletop theater:
- soft toys;
- wooden theater;
- cone theater;
- folk toy theater;
- planar figures;
- theater of spoons;
- horse puppet theater (without a screen, and towards the end school year– and with a screen), etc.
IN senior and preparatory age groups , children can be introduced to puppets, “living hand” theater, handkerchief theater, people - dolls.
teacher's pedagogical experience:
Tereshchenko N.N., Vad village
Municipal preschool educational institution kindergarten "Chamomile"
Modern preschool institutions are looking for new humanistic, person-centered approaches to education. Today, many teachers are concerned about finding unconventional paths in creative interaction with children. How to make every activity with a child interesting and exciting, to simply and unobtrusively tell him about the most important thing - about the beauty and diversity of this world, how interesting it is to live in it? How to teach a child everything he needs in this difficult modern life? How to educate and develop his basic abilities: to hear, see, feel, understand, fantasize and invent?
The relevance of this problem is determined by the fact that the development of creative abilities in children contributes to the comprehensive development of the child’s personality, increases his opportunities further education. One of the most popular and exciting destinations in preschool education is a theatrical activity. It is theatrical activities that make it possible to solve many pedagogical problems related to the formation of the expressiveness of a child’s speech, intellectual and artistic-aesthetic education. By participating in theatrical games, children become participants various events from the lives of people, animals, plants, which gives them the opportunity to gain deeper knowledge the world. At the same time, theatrical play instills in the child a sustainable interest in his native culture, literature, and theater. Huge and educational value theatrical games, children develop a respectful attitude towards each other, they learn the joy associated with overcoming communication difficulties and self-doubt.
My main goal is to develop children's creative abilities through theatrical arts. Theater activities develops the child’s personality, instills a sustainable interest in literature and theater, improves the skill of embodying certain experiences in play, and encourages the creation of new images.
Tasks:
- Strengthen children's ideas about various types puppet theaters, be able to distinguish them and name them (table theater, toy theater, shadow theater, mitten theater, etc.)
- Develop children's speech with the help of puppet theater, improve the ability to convey emotional condition characters by facial expressions, gestures, body movements.
- Develop memory, thinking, imagination, attention of children.
Expected results:
- Enrich children's vocabulary with nouns, adjectives, adverbs.
- Increase children's speech activity.
- Encourage students to speak in complete sentences and write fairy tales.
- Develop elements of creativity and initiative; with the help of the teacher, participate in the staging and dramatization of folk tales.
- To instill in children an interest and love for fiction.
Usage non-traditional forms in theatrical activities:
- Non-traditional form of teaching (the content of such classes is not only familiarization with the text, but also with gestures, facial expressions, movements, costumes)
- The use of bright, non-traditional subject equipment for the lesson: a set of soft modules as decorations that allow you to change plot picture theatrical performance, non-traditional materials for making various types of theater.
I have been working on this topic for three years. I started my work by selecting different types of theaters. Then she actively began to use theater in her classes, performing with children theatrical performances. The guys in my group showed such tales as "Turnip" , "Kolobok" , "The Tale of the Cockerel" , "Swan geese" , "How the hares built a house" (application).
Chapter 1. Puppet theater as an art form
1. 1. Puppet theater in kindergarten
Theater is one of the most democratic and accessible forms of art for children. It allows you to solve many actual problems modern teachers geeks and psychology related to:
- art education and raising children.
- formation of aesthetic taste.
- moral education
- development of personal communicative qualities.
- education of will, development of memory, imagination, fantasy and speech.
- creating a positive emotional mood, relieving tension and conflicts through play.
Theater not only reveals spiritual and creative potential child, but also gives him a real opportunity to adapt to social sphere. It has a great influence on the comprehensive development of the child’s personality.
From pedagogical practice it is clear that children most of all love to play with theatrical dolls, show performances, and improvise. Playing with a theatrical doll, the child, on behalf of the hero, talks about his thoughts and feelings; with the help of the doll, he can express and regulate his own experiences. By playing with dolls and interacting with other people, timid children begin to understand the process of communicating with peers and as adults, they will be able to behave differently and, depending on the situation, show persistence.
Modern children do not sufficiently imagine the life of their ancestors, their way of life, traditions and customs. Festivities, fun occupied a very noticeable place in the life of the Russian people. The foundations of the future professional theater were born in the fair festivities. Studying the history of Russian culture and participating in performances will help children better understand the traditions of their people.
Puppet theater is an art that kids get acquainted with at early stage of his life, is a favorite children's show. Children are often afraid of Santa Claus, Bear and other characters performed by actors on the stage of theaters, but they enjoy playing with toys depicting them small size. Accustomed to the small size of toys, they are not afraid of the wolf or Baba Yaga, they even shake their fingers and drive them away. Therefore, a puppet theater for little ones even has some advantages over a theater in which human artists perform. It has long become a necessary component in the life of our kindergarten. "Chamomile" .
What is the importance of puppet theater for the development of preschool children?
- Our puppet theater has a whole range of effects on little viewers artistic means. When showing puppet theater performances, they also use artistic word, and a visual image: a doll, picturesque and decorative design, a song, musical accompaniment.
- The professional use of puppet theater is of great help in everyday work with children for the development of mental, moral, and aesthetic education in children. Creates a good mood for children, enriches them with impressions, evokes emotions in them, promotes the development of patriotism and artistic education. The happy smiles, sparkling eyes and joyful faces of our children during the performance convincingly demonstrate how children love puppet theater and eagerly await the opening of the curtain.
- Its educational value is very important. During the preschool period, the child begins to develop character, interests, and attitude towards the environment. It is at this age that it is very useful to show children examples of friendship, kindness, love for Russia, honesty, truthfulness, hard work, to show tears and laughter, and the way of modern life.
- Puppet theater, by its nature, is close and understandable to young children and therefore has a huge emotional impact on them. On the stage of our theater they see familiar and favorite dolls and toys. When the “come to life” dolls begin to move and speak, they transport children to a completely new, fascinating world, the world of living toys, where everything is unusual, everything is possible and attractive.
- Music is an important component of the performance and aesthetic education of children. It sets off, sets the character and rhythm of each character, each mise-en-scène, and emphasizes the rhythmic movements of the dolls and their mood. A puppet theater performance does not take place without the singing and dancing of puppets, which children love and know very much. Music shapes, gives volume and charisma to the performance. Familiar melodies and songs bring children and heroes closer together. It is very good when children themselves sing a song with the hero and dance during a break in the performance along with the heroes, performing familiar movements in games and dances.
You can start introducing children to puppet theater from the first junior group. Teachers and older preschoolers show small performances to the kids, using various types of theaters for this purpose: picture theater, bi-ba-bo theater.
By the end of the year, children of the first junior group, having accumulated some experience, try to independently participate in a puppet show. This desire must be supported, developed and strengthened. A finger theater is suitable for this purpose.
For children of the second youngest group, the simplest and most accessible theater is a puppet theater on the table.
In the middle group we move on to more complex theater. We introduce children to the theater screen and to riding dolls and puppets.
IN senior group children should be introduced to puppets, show them dolls with "living hand" .
1. 2.Types of puppet theaters
In our kindergarten we make and use puppets ourselves in working with children in the following types of puppet theater:
- picture theater
- theater on flannelgraph
- table theater
- theater of boxes, balls, cylinders.
- finger theater
- mitten theater
- toy theater
- Bi-ba-bo theater
- shadow theater
A picture theater, a flannelgraph theater and a tabletop theater - it is the easiest to make and display. Kids can draw and cut out such a theater themselves. They will draw pictures, silhouettes and come up with their own stories for them. Everything here is flat and dolls and decorations, flannelgraph - are shown on a special board (covered with flannel), tabletop theater - on a stage-table. Everything is available cut out of paper or cardboard. The purpose of such theaters is to add variety to play in groups, to make the toy more interesting for them, to entertain and please children with something made with their own hands. Games with flannelgraph develop Creative skills and promote them aesthetic education. Little children love to look at pictures in books, but if the pictures are shown to be moving and actionable, they will enjoy it even more. (application).
Toy theater - everything is three-dimensional. The toys used are ordinary children's ones, bought in a store, plus various things may be needed for display: dishes, a basket, a crib. It is desirable that all toys be of the same texture. Such a presentation helps to create a more vivid perception and develops children’s spatial and figurative vision. The content of the scene should be extremely simple, without movements and actions that are difficult for toys to perform. To show that the toy is walking, we move it slowly forward; if it runs, move it faster. During the show, you should sit calmly in front of the audience, look at the operating toy, do not make unnecessary movements and avoid unnecessary facial expressions, so as not to distract attention from what is happening on stage, do not keep your free hand on the table, but immediately remove it (application). Goal: to improve the ability to convey the emotional state of characters using puppeteering techniques.
Theater of boxes, balls, cylinders - children make themselves from finished materials: boxes and balls. All that remains is to draw or glue - eyes, noses, ears, horns, bows and aprons, hooves and shoes. And what is needed for a little fairy tale. The children themselves will offer a lot of interesting things while they work. (application). The purpose of such theaters is to add variety to the game, make the toy more interesting for children, entertain and delight them with something made with their own hands.
Theater of fingers - small bags made of fabric and placed on children's fingers. These bags have elements of animals and the image of people (application). Goal: develop fine motor skills hands, improve gestures.
Theater of mittens - children's mittens and gloves. No need to overload with real details (application). Goal: to develop the ability to drive dolls, independently invent movements to create an image, and develop fine motor skills.
Bi-ba-bo theater - the doll is put on the hand, where the index finger is the head, and the fingers on the right and left are the hands (application). Goal: to consolidate doll control skills with "living hand" , enrich children's vocabulary, develop clear and correct diction.
Shadow theater is silhouettes of plots and puppets, cut out of cardboard and covered with black ink (application). Goal: to develop children’s imagination, teach them to interact collectively and consistently with each other, showing their individuality.
To puppet shows were professionally bright, we adults first learn to own theater puppets ourselves. The stage of our theater is a screen. The action of puppets and scenery takes place on it. Behind the screen are the puppeteers with their puppets with attributes for the performance.
1. 3. Theatrical games
Theatrical art is close and understandable to children, because the basis of theater is play. As children develop independence, more and more new ideas for theatrical games appear, the impetus for the development of which are fairy tales, short stories, stories, cartoons, which evoked and interesting stories desire to play. Play is the most accessible and interesting way for a child to process and express impressions, knowledge and emotions. In theatrical play, emotional development occurs: children get acquainted with the feelings and moods of the characters, master the ways of their external expression, and understand the reasons for this or that mood. The importance of theatrical play is also great for speech development (improving dialogues and monologues, mastering the expressiveness of speech). Finally, theatrical play is a means of self-expression and self-realization for the child.
The characteristic features of theatrical games are the literary or folklore basis of their content and the presence of spectators. They can be divided into two main groups: dramatizations and directorial ones.
In dramatization games, the child, playing a role as "artist" , independently creates an image using a set of means of verbal and non-verbal expressiveness. Types of dramatization are:
- games that imitate images of animals, people, literary characters;
- role-playing dialogues based on text;
- staging of works; staging performances based on one or more works;
- improvisational games with plot acting out (or several stories) without prior preparation.
In the director's game “the artists are the toys or their substitutes, and the child, organizing the activity, is like a “scriptwriter and director” , controls "artists" . "Voicing" characters and commenting on the plot, he uses different means of verbal expression. The types of director's games are determined in accordance with the variety of theaters used in kindergarten.
Theatrical activities simultaneously perform cognitive, educational and developmental functions.
By participating in theatrical games, children learn about the world around them and become participants in events in the lives of people, animals and plants. The themes of theatrical games can be varied.
The educational value of theatrical games lies in the formation of a respectful attitude of children towards each other and the development of collectivism. Particularly important moral lessons fairy tales-games that children receive as a result of a joint analysis of each game.
Theatrical games develop children's creative activity. Children become interested when they not only speak, but also act like fairy-tale characters.
In theatrical play, children imitate the movements of the characters, while their coordination is improved and a sense of rhythm is developed. And movements, in turn, increase the activity of the speech-motor analyzer.
From game to game, children’s activity increases, they memorize the text, transform, enter into character, and master the means of expression. Children begin to feel responsible for the success of the game.
Speaking in front of the audience, children overcome shyness and embarrassment and mobilize their attention. All these qualities will have a beneficial effect on the child’s educational activities at school and will help him feel confident among his peers.
So, theatrical play is one of the most effective ways impact on the child, in which the principle of learning is most clearly manifested: learn by playing!
Chapter 2. Theatrical activity as a process of interaction, communication and learning
2. 1.Theatrical activities as a priority direction of my teaching activity
Important from the very beginning early childhood introduce the little man to the theater, literature, painting. The sooner you start, the greater results you can achieve. Working in kindergarten "Chamomile" , one of priority areas I chose theatrical activity.
Starting from the 2nd junior group until graduation, I teach children the basics of acting and at the same time introduce them to various types puppet theaters. For this purpose I use artistic and finger games, games for the expressiveness of movements, their plasticity and coordination.
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