What is hyperbole in literature definition. Hyperbole, examples of artistic exaggeration in literature

Hyperbole (from the Greek hyperbole - exaggeration). "All large works. - wrote A. Gorky, “all those works that are examples of highly artistic literature rest precisely on exaggeration, on a broad typification of phenomena.” Gorky confidently and unmistakably puts exaggeration and typification side by side, based on his own writing and reading experience, meaning by this the artist’s ability and ability to see the most essential in the observed phenomena, extract the main meaning from them, condense it with the power of imagination into an artistic image.

Exaggeration is the “core” of typing.

One of the most spectacular and effective techniques of artistic exaggeration is hyperbole in literature. It allows you to “present the unrepresentable,” “correlate the incomparable,” that is, to most acutely and sharply give this or that detail - in a portrait, in the internal appearance of a character, in a phenomenon of the objective world. Let us emphasize - objective. Because when talking about hyperbole, it should be borne in mind that no matter how incredible, no matter how fantastic it may be, it is always based on life material, life content.

The artistic persuasiveness and ambiguity of hyperbole are all the more significant the more clearly the reader imagines the specific essence of the image or situation. Thus, one of the main characters of Gogol’s “The Inspector General,” Khlestakov, says about himself that he has “extraordinary lightness in his thoughts.” In a society based on universal veneration of rank, on all-encompassing hypocrisy, Khlestakov’s lies, with all its hyperbolic absurdity (“as I pass through the department, it’s just an earthquake, everything trembles and shakes like a leaf,” etc.), is accepted by provincial officials as pure the truth.

Another example. In Márquez’s novel “The Autumn of the Patriarch,” the story about the “thousand-year-old” patriarch is told from “we,” and this technique of using a collective point of view, polyphony, makes it possible to feel and imagine the atmosphere of rumors and omissions about the hero. Nothing is known for sure about the dictator from the very beginning - and until the end of the book. Each new interpretation of his actions reveals only one of the sides of his appearance, where exclusivity and difference from ordinary people come to the fore. And this gives the whole narrative style a certain hyperbolic quality.

To create a hyperbolic artistic image are used different kinds tropes: comparisons, likenings, metaphors, epithets, etc. Their function is to exaggerate the subject, to clearly reveal the contradiction between its content and form, to make the image more impressive and catchy. By the way, the same goal can be pursued by understatement, litotes, which can be considered as a type of hyperbole, like hyperbole in literature “with a minus sign.” Depending on the socio-aesthetic orientation of the work, the same event can be perceived as “giant” or “small”. In D. Swift’s novel “The Travels of Lemuel Gulliver,” hyperbole and litotes coexist: in the first part of the book contemporary to the writer England is shown as if through a reducing glass, in the second - through a magnifying glass. In the land of Lilliputians, oxen and sheep are so tiny that the hero loads hundreds of them into his boat. Matching these dimensions are everything else that Gulliver encounters in this country, right down to the social structure and political events. With a satirical understatement, Swift makes it clear to the reader that the claims of island, “Lilliputian”, in essence, England for world domination (for the role of “mistress of the seas”, for vast colonial possessions, etc.), which seemed great and grandiose to many Englishmen, are, if you think about it, insignificant and even funny.

Another impressive hyperbolic image is from the very beginning of the novel: the hero comes to his senses after a shipwreck and cannot lift his head from the ground - each of his hair is twisted onto a “Lilliputian” peg driven into the ground. Here, hyperbole in literature takes on a symbolic resonance, suggesting an individual in captivity among many insignificant passions and circumstances...

Exactly at satirical work hyperbole is most often appropriate and artistically justified. V. Astafiev in “The Tsar Fish”, with the help of this technique, reveals the inner squalor of one of the “nature lovers”, the poacher Rokhotalo: “The fisherman Rokhotalo lay like a motionless block behind a hot fire. shaking the shore with snoring, as if from womb to throat, the anchor chain of a ship rocked by the waves rolled from throat to womb.” Here the author's assessment of the character with his insatiably aggressive attitude towards nature, a character personifying soulless dullness, emerges. However, hyperbole in literature, even “mocking”, may not be clearly satirical. The range of use of this prima is quite wide, covering humor, irony, and comedy.

The history of hyperbole goes back to the distant past - to folklore, to folk tales, generous with satirical images and comic situations. However, at about the same time, a completely different type of hyperbole arose - very far from laughter. In epics, legends, heroic tales we find one that can be called idealizing. Thus, the Russian epic captures the historical experience of the people, their heroic struggle against invaders and oppressors. In the images of epic heroes, the people expressed their understanding of duty and honor, courage and patriotism, kindness and selflessness. The heroes of epics - heroes - are endowed with ideal human qualities, which, as a rule, are exaggerated and hyperbolic. The depiction of the epic hero primarily emphasizes his supernatural physical strength: “If there were a ring in the earth, / And there was a ring in the sky, / He would grab these rings in one hand, / He would pull the sky to the earth,” says the epic about Ilya Muromets. In a similar way, his weapons and his actions are exaggerated. On the battlefield, he wields an iron club-shalyga “weighing exactly one hundred bullets”, a bow and arrows “in a scythe of fathoms”, or even simply grabs the legs of an enemy who turns up and destroys the enemy’s “great strength” with it: swings to the right - appears in the enemy’s crowd “street”, to the left - “alley”. The horse of Ilya Muromets can cover many miles in one gallop, for it flies “above a standing forest, just below a walking cloud”...

The images of opponents are also hyperbolized - but in a satirical way. epic heroes. For example, if Ilya Muromets is outwardly no different from those around him, then his “adversary” Idolishche is “two fathoms” tall, and his shoulders are “oblique fathoms”, and he has eyes like “beer bowls”, and a nose like “elbow” “... Thanks to this contrasting external comparison, the hero’s victory looks especially impressive, deserving of popular glorification.

Romantic writers widely used idealizing metaphors in their work, contrasting their ideal, the aesthetic ideal of romanticism, with the spiritless, inhuman reality. We can easily find numerous examples of this kind in Gogol’s “Evenings on a Farm near Dikanka”, in the books of Veltman and Odoevsky, Hugo, Hoffmann, Chamisso...

Hyperbole, examples and definition of which we have presented in this article, remains one of the most commonly used and effective literary devices. Such different writers as Ch. Aitmatov and V. Orlov, B. Okudzhava and A. Voznesensky, A. Kim and N. Dumbadze and many others willingly resorted to it. And we can confidently say that the one who lived in literature long life hyperbole remains a faithful ally of the artist both in the fight against the negative phenomena of life and in the creative affirmation of the moral ideal.

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Updated: 2015-11-23

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Hello, dear readers of the blog site. All of us in our lives have said or heard similar expressions at least once (and some more than once): YOU ARE ALWAYS LATE or HAVEN'T SEEN SEEN FOR A HUNDRED YEARS.

And few people thought that these phrases lack some common sense. So, a person simply cannot “always be late.” And it’s impossible for someone not to see each other for “a hundred years,” if only because people rarely live that long.

Such exaggerations in Russian are called hyperboles and they will be discussed in this publication.

Hyperbole is a beautiful exaggeration

This word itself is Greek - “hyperbole” and it means “excess, excess, exaggeration.”

Hyperbole is one of the means strengthening emotional assessment, which consists in excessive exaggeration of any phenomena, qualities, properties or processes. This creates a more impressive image.

Moreover, exaggeration often reaches completely incomprehensible concepts, sometimes even. Any foreigner, if translated literally, will be clearly puzzled. We have long been accustomed to them, and perceive them as completely normal.

Here are examples of the most commonly used hyperboles in everyday life:

SCARE TO DEATH
A THOUSAND APOLOGIES
AT LEAST FLY
RIVERS OF BLOOD
MOUNTAINS OF CORPSES
I'VE BEEN WAITING FOREVER
GO OVER A THOUSAND KILOMETERS
STANDED ALL DAY
A LOT OF MONEY
A Feast FOR THE WHOLE WORLD
SEA OF TEARS
NOT SEEN FOR 100 YEARS
OCEAN OF PASSIONS
WEIGHS ONE HUNDRED POUNDS
Smother in your arms
SCARED TO DEATH

All listed expressions we constantly use V colloquial speech. And for the sake of experiment, just try to parse them verbatim and see how funny and sometimes absurd some of them are.

Well, for example, “at least fill yourself up” - this should be such an amount of liquid that it is enough for a whole pool into which you could plunge headlong. Although in fact, with this expression we just want to say that we have a lot of drinks - even more than we need.

Or does the phrase “a lot of money” actually mean just good things? financial condition, and not that a person has collected all his savings and let’s put them in one pile.

And we do not use the expression “to travel a thousand kilometers” when we are talking about a real distance, for example, from Moscow to Volgograd or Rostov-on-Don. But simply in the sense of “far”, although in fact in real numbers there the distance may be only a few kilometers.

And this way you can “debunk” absolutely any hyperbole. But you shouldn't do this. They do not have to mean the absolute truth, their task is to characterize a specific situation or thought in the most picturesque way, enhancing her emotional coloring.

Examples of hyperbole in fiction

In fact, such exaggerations are very old literary device. It was used, and this was almost a thousand years ago. With the help of hyperboles, the strength of the heroes and their opponents was repeatedly strengthened.

The heroic sleep lasted 12 DAYS (well, a person cannot sleep for almost two weeks)
Countless forces stood in the way of the hero - A WOLF WILL NOT OUTRUN THEM IN A DAY, A RAVE WILL NOT FLY FROM THEM IN A DAY (how many enemies should there be - a million?)
The hero waves his hand - A STREET IS AMONG ENEMIES, he waves another - AN ALLEY (that is, with one blow the hero kills several dozen at once)
Ilya Muromets took a club WEIGHTING ONE HUNDRED POUDS (here you must understand that one hundred pounds is one and a half tons)
The Nightingale the Robber whistles - THE FOREST IS STOPPING TO THE GROUND, AND PEOPLE ARE FALLING DEAD (well, this is something out of a fairy tale)

Exactly the same hyperboles occur in "The Tale of Igor's Campaign". For example:

“The Russians blocked wide fields with scarlet shields, seeking honor for themselves and glory for the prince” or “The army is such that you can splash the Volga with oars, and scoop up the Don with helmets.”

Among writers, Nikolai Vasilyevich has the most hyperbole Gogol. There are exaggerations in almost every one of his famous work. For example, he describes the Dnieper River:

A rare bird will fly to the middle of the Dnieper.
The Dnieper is like a road without end in length and without measure in width.

Or he uses exaggerations in his words, putting them in the mouths of the heroes:

I would destroy you all into flour! (Governor)
Thirty-five thousand couriers alone... Me myself state council fears. (Khlestakov)

And in " Dead souls" there are these words: "Countless human passions like the sands of the sea."

Almost every writer or poet uses hyperbole. With their help, they, for example, more colorfully describe the character of the heroes of works or show their author's attitude to them.

Moreover, writers often do not use already established expressions, but try to come up with something of their own.

Here's another examples of hyperbole in literature:

And a mountain of bloody bodies prevented the cannonballs from flying (Lermontov)
The sunset glowed with a hundred and forty suns (Mayakovsky)
A million torments (Griboyedov)
A decent person is ready to run away to distant lands for you (Dostoevsky)
And the pine tree reaches the stars (Mandelshtam)
In the dream, the janitor became as heavy as a chest of drawers (Ilf and Petrov)

Examples of hyperbole in advertising

Of course, past this interesting reception, which allows enhance the real meaning of words, advertisers couldn’t get through either. A lot of slogans are based on this principle. After all, the task is to attract the client’s attention, while promising “mountains of gold” and in every possible way emphasizing the uniqueness of the product:

Taste on the verge of possible (chewing gum "Stimorol")
Control over the elements (Adidas sneakers)
King of salads (Oliviez mayonnaise)

The principle of hyperbole is also often used in the creation of advertising videos. For example, series famous videos about Snickers bars with the slogan “You’re not you when you’re hungry.” Where various characters turn into completely different people and start doing all sorts of stupid things, and only a candy bar can bring them back to normal.

These commercials clearly exaggerate (greatly exaggerate) the feeling of hunger and the “miraculous” power of Snickers itself.

Well the simplest example The hyperbole that is used in advertising is expressions like “the best”, “the most stylish”, “the most comfortable” and so on, but about prices, on the contrary, they say “the lowest”.

Instead of a conclusion

You can add greater expressiveness and emotional coloring to any expression not only with the help of hyperbole. There is a technique in the Russian language that is its complete opposite. He does not exaggerate, but, on the contrary, reduces the significance.

Before you can blink an eye, the years have already flown by.

This technique is called "". This will be discussed in detail in our next article.

Good luck to you! See you soon on the pages of the blog site

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Use in literature

Hyperboles in literature All writers, without exception, love to use it. They do this in order to decorate their works, making them more emotional, bright, and full.

And this is not at all surprising, because without this stylistic figure and others like it, any work would be empty, boring and absolutely uninteresting. It is unlikely that such works would capture the reader’s attention, exciting his imagination, evoking in him numerous vivid emotions.

Hyperbole, in turn, helps to achieve such necessary effects. So what is a hyperbole in ? This is an artistic medium based on an excessive exaggeration of reality.

Advice! Another definition of hyperbole is exaggeration to the point of implausibility, so it is very important to remember and keep in mind that it does not need to be taken literally!

What is hyperbole used for?

They free the reader from the confines of reality and attribute supernatural characteristics natural phenomena and people. Hyperbole in literature plays an important role, since it makes our speech more lively and allows us to feel the emotional and state of mind narrator or author of the text.

This allows them to clearly and correctly convey the verbal atmosphere of the story. The function of hyperbole as a technique is - add brightness, emotionality and persuasiveness to the text. It is also often used by humor writers to create comic images for characters in their works, allowing the reader’s imagination to revive them in his imagination. .

How to find a hyperbole in a text?

Completing the task “find hyperbolas in the text” is quite simple, since among all the others speech patterns they stand out because they contain obvious exaggerations. Examples of usage: “this girl had eyes the size of saucers in surprise” or “this dog was the size of an elephant.”

All these phrases are apparent exaggeration of reality, because you won’t meet a girl with such big eyes or a dog the size of an elephant, because such simply do not exist and cannot exist in nature. These are the most simple examples the use of the stylistic device in question in the Russian literary language.

Attention! To find hyperbole in a text, it is enough to pay attention to an obvious significant exaggeration.

What is hyperbole in Russian?

Linguistics names any excessive exaggeration of properties, qualities, phenomena or actions to form a spectacular and attention-grabbing image created with a hyperbole . It is used not only in literary language.

In ordinary colloquial speech, she is also a frequent guest. The difference between the first option and the second is that in his speech a person uses already existing statements, and the writer strives to create his own, exclusive statement in order to highlight own work from many others.

Examples

Examples of hyperbole from literary and colloquial speech:

"rivers of blood";
“You’re always late”;
“mountains of corpses”;
“haven’t seen each other for a hundred years”;
"scare to death";
“I told you a hundred times”;
“a million apologies”;
“a sea of ripened wheat”;
“I’ve been waiting forever”;
“I stood there all day”;
“at least get wet”;
“a house a thousand kilometers away”;
"always late."

Examples in fiction

We can say that everything classical works rely on the transfer of the author’s emotions to the reader, who moves him into a situation created by himself. Hyperbole in literature, in classical works very actively used by many famous authors.

As you know, the word is the basic unit of any language, as well as the most important component of its artistic means. The correct use of vocabulary largely determines the expressiveness of speech.

In context, a word is a special world, a mirror of the author’s perception and attitude to reality. It has its own metaphorical precision, its own special truths, called artistic revelations; the functions of vocabulary depend on the context.

Individual perception of the world around us is reflected in such a text with the help of metaphorical statements. After all, art is, first of all, the self-expression of an individual. Literary fabric is woven from metaphors that create an exciting and emotionally affecting image of this or that work of art. Additional meanings appear in words, a special stylistic coloring, creating a unique world that we discover for ourselves while reading the text.

Not only in literary, but also in oral, we use, without thinking, various techniques artistic expression to give it emotionality, persuasiveness, imagery. Let's figure out what artistic techniques there are in the Russian language.

The use of metaphors especially contributes to the creation of expressiveness, so let's start with them.

Metaphor

It is impossible to imagine artistic techniques in literature without mentioning the most important of them - the way of creating a linguistic picture of the world based on meanings already existing in the language itself.

The types of metaphors can be distinguished as follows:

Fossilized, worn out, dry or historical (bow of a boat, eye of a needle).
Phraseologisms are stable figurative combinations of words that are emotional, metaphorical, reproducible in the memory of many native speakers, expressive (death grip, vicious circle, etc.).
Single metaphor (eg homeless heart).
Unfolded (heart - “porcelain bell in yellow China” - Nikolai Gumilyov).
Traditionally poetic (morning of life, fire of love).
Individually-authored (sidewalk hump).

In addition, a metaphor can simultaneously be an allegory, personification, hyperbole, periphrasis, meiosis, litotes and other tropes.

The word “metaphor” itself means “transfer” in translation from Greek. In this case, we are dealing with the transfer of a name from one item to another. For it to become possible, they must certainly have some similarity, they must be adjacent in some way. A metaphor is a word or expression used in a figurative meaning due to the similarity of two phenomena or objects in some way.

As a result of this transfer, an image is created. Therefore, metaphor is one of the most striking means of expressiveness of artistic, poetic speech. However, the absence of this trope does not mean the lack of expressiveness of the work.

A metaphor can be either simple or extensive. In the twentieth century, the use of expanded ones in poetry is revived, and the nature of simple ones changes significantly.

Metonymy

Metonymy is a type of metaphor. Translated from Greek, this word means “renaming,” that is, it is the transfer of the name of one object to another. Metonymy is the replacement of a certain word with another based on the existing contiguity of two concepts, objects, etc. This is the imposition of a figurative word on the direct meaning. For example: “I ate two plates.” Mixing of meanings and their transfer are possible because objects are adjacent, and the contiguity can be in time, space, etc.

Synecdoche

Synecdoche is a type of metonymy. Translated from Greek, this word means “correlation.” This transfer of meaning occurs when the smaller is called instead of the larger, or vice versa; instead of a part - a whole, and vice versa. For example: “According to Moscow reports.”

Epithet

It is impossible to imagine the artistic techniques in literature, the list of which we are now compiling, without an epithet. This is a figure, trope, figurative definition, phrase or word denoting a person, phenomenon, object or action with a subjective

Translated from Greek, this term means “attached, application,” that is, in our case, one word is attached to some other.

Epithet from simple definition distinguished by its artistic expressiveness.

Constant epithets are used in folklore as a means of typification, and also as one of the most important means of artistic expression. In the strict sense of the term, only those whose function is words in a figurative meaning, in contrast to the so-called exact epithets, which are expressed in words in a literal meaning (red berries, beautiful flowers), belong to tropes. Figurative ones are created when words are used in a figurative meaning. Such epithets are usually called metaphorical. Metonymic transfer of name may also underlie this trope.

An oxymoron is a type of epithet, the so-called contrasting epithets, forming combinations with defined nouns of words that are opposite in meaning (hateful love, joyful sadness).

Comparison

Simile is a trope in which one object is characterized through comparison with another. That is, this comparison various items by similarity, which can be both obvious and unexpected, distant. It is usually expressed using certain words: “exactly”, “as if”, “similar”, “as if”. Comparisons can also take the form of the instrumental case.

Personification

When describing artistic techniques in literature, it is necessary to mention personification. This is a type of metaphor that represents the assignment of properties of living beings to objects of inanimate nature. It is often created by referring to such natural phenomena as conscious living beings. Personification is also the transference of human properties to animals.

Hyperbole and litotes

Let us note such techniques of artistic expression in literature as hyperbole and litotes.

Hyperbole (translated as “exaggeration”) is one of the expressive means of speech, which is a figure with the meaning of exaggeration of what is being said. we're talking about.

Litota (translated as “simplicity”) is the opposite of hyperbole - an excessive understatement of what is being discussed (a boy the size of a finger, a man the size of a fingernail).

Sarcasm, irony and humor

We continue to describe artistic techniques in literature. Our list will be complemented by sarcasm, irony and humor.

Sarcasm means "tearing meat" in Greek. This is evil irony, caustic mockery, caustic remark. When using sarcasm, it creates comic effect, however, there is a clear ideological and emotional assessment.
Irony in translation means “pretense”, “mockery”. It occurs when one thing is said in words, but something completely different, the opposite, is meant.
Humor is one of the lexical means of expressiveness, translated meaning “mood”, “disposition”. Sometimes entire works can be written in a comic, allegorical vein, in which one can feel a mocking, good-natured attitude towards something. For example, the story “Chameleon” by A.P. Chekhov, as well as many fables by I.A. Krylov.

The types of artistic techniques in literature do not end there. We present to your attention the following.

Grotesque

The most important artistic techniques in literature include the grotesque. The word "grotesque" means "intricate", "bizarre". The artistic technique represents a violation of the proportions of phenomena, objects, events depicted in the work. It is widely used in the works of, for example, M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin (“The Golovlevs,” “The History of a City,” fairy tales). This is an artistic technique based on exaggeration. However, its degree is much greater than that of a hyperbole.

Sarcasm, irony, humor and grotesque are popular artistic techniques in literature. Examples of the first three are the stories of A.P. Chekhov and N.N. Gogol. The work of J. Swift is grotesque (for example, Gulliver's Travels).

What artistic technique does the author (Saltykov-Shchedrin) use to create the image of Judas in the novel “Lord Golovlevs”? Of course it's grotesque. Irony and sarcasm are present in the poems of V. Mayakovsky. The works of Zoshchenko, Shukshin, and Kozma Prutkov are filled with humor. These artistic techniques in literature, examples of which we have just given, as you can see, are very often used by Russian writers.

Pun

A pun is a figure of speech that represents an involuntary or deliberate ambiguity that arises when used in the context of two or more meanings of a word or when their sound is similar. Its varieties are paronomasia, false etymologization, zeugma and concretization.

In puns, the play on words is based on homonymy and polysemy. Anecdotes arise from them. These artistic techniques in literature can be found in the works of V. Mayakovsky, Omar Khayyam, Kozma Prutkov, A. P. Chekhov.

Figure of speech - what is it?

The word "figure" itself is translated from Latin as " appearance, outline, image." This word has many meanings. What does this term mean in relation to artistic speech? Syntactic means of expression related to figures: questions, appeals.

What is a "trope"?

“What is the name of an artistic technique that uses a word in a figurative sense?” - you ask. The term “trope” combines various techniques: epithet, metaphor, metonymy, comparison, synecdoche, litotes, hyperbole, personification and others. Translated, the word "trope" means "turnover". Literary speech differs from ordinary speech in that it uses special turns of phrase that embellish the speech and make it more expressive. IN different styles different ones are used means of expression. The most important thing in the concept of “expressiveness” for artistic speech is the ability of a text or a work of art to have an aesthetic, emotional impact on the reader, to create poetic pictures and vivid images.

We all live in a world of sounds. Some of them evoke positive emotions in us, others, on the contrary, excite, alarm, cause anxiety, calm or induce sleep. Various sounds cause various images. Using their combination, you can emotionally influence a person. Reading works of literature and Russian folk art, we are especially sensitive to their sound.

Basic techniques for creating sound expressiveness

Alliteration is the repetition of similar or identical consonants.
Assonance is the deliberate harmonious repetition of vowels.

Alliteration and assonance are often used simultaneously in works. These techniques are aimed at evoking various associations in the reader.

Technique of sound recording in fiction

Sound recording is an artistic technique that is the use of certain sounds in a specific order to create a certain image, that is, the selection of words that imitate sounds real world. This reception in fiction used in both poetry and prose.

Types of sound recording:

Assonance means “consonance” in French. Assonance is the repetition of the same or similar vowel sounds in a text to create a specific sound image. It promotes expressiveness of speech, it is used by poets in the rhythm and rhyme of poems.
Alliteration - from This technique is the repetition of consonants in literary text to create some sound image, in order to make poetic speech more expressive.
Onomatopoeia is the transmission of auditory impressions in special words reminiscent of the sounds of phenomena in the surrounding world.

These artistic techniques in poetry are very common; without them, poetic speech would not be so melodic.

Statements framed as hyperbole in Russian are based on evaluation, as evidenced by the definition given below. To the question “What is hyperbole in Russian”?

Hyperbole - what is it? Definition, meaning, translation

1) Hyperbole in literature is an artistic technique that consists of deliberately exaggerating the scale of a phenomenon in order to give the phrase greater expressiveness and emotional intensity. A hyperbola is similar to a parabola, but differs from it in its formal definition.

The artistic persuasiveness and ambiguity of hyperbole are all the more significant the more clearly the reader imagines the specific essence of the image or situation. By the way, the same goal can be pursued by understatement, litotes, which can be considered as a type of hyperbole, like hyperbole in literature “with a minus sign.” Here, hyperbole in literature takes on a symbolic meaning, suggesting an individual in captivity under many insignificant passions and circumstances... It is in a satirical work that hyperbole is most often appropriate and artistically justified. However, hyperbole in literature, even “mocking”, may not be clearly satirical.

For example: We haven’t seen each other for a hundred years - “a hundred years” in this case is a hyperbole (exaggeration of quantity), since it gives emotionality to speech and is used, of course, in a figurative sense. Hyperbole is often confused with comparison and metaphor, because they also often compare two objects. The main difference: hyperbole is always an exaggeration. For example: His legs were huge, like a barge. The example looks like a comparison, but, remembering how much the barge weighs, you will see an exaggeration and, accordingly, a hyperbole in this case.

Any literary work contains a number of special stylistic devices, for example, metaphor, comparison, grotesque or hyperbole. Simile and metaphor, just like hyperbole, compare objects and phenomena, but hyperbole is always an exaggeration. Remember, hyperbole in literature is a figurative expression, so it should not be taken literally.

IN Lately hyperbole / litotes is actively used in the language of advertising. It is generally accepted that hyperbole is an exaggeration. 6. In other words, they do not correspond to the definitions of hyperbole. One of the consequences is to recognize that hyperbole is not typical for colloquial speech, that it lives only in the sphere of literary and artistic creativity.

When is hyperbole used in the Bible?

Hyperbole is found quite often in the Holy Scriptures in connection with the poetic style of narration. At the same time, there are also fragments in the Bible whose contents, although they resemble hyperbole, are only superficially understood.

Lexical hyperboles

Hyperbole is often combined with other stylistic devices, giving them an appropriate coloring: hyperbolic comparisons, metaphors, etc. (“the waves rose like mountains”). Hyperbole is also characteristic of the rhetorical and oratorical style, as a means of pathetic elation, as well as the romantic style, where pathos comes into contact with irony. Among Russian authors, Gogol is especially prone to hyperbole, and among poets, Mayakovsky. Hyperbole (rhetoric) - This term has other meanings, see Hyperbole.

To clearly understand what hyperboles are in literature, you need to know the methods of implementing amplification inherent in the text of a work of art. Phraseological hyperboles in literature are set expressions.

Language, as a phenomenon, often uses the same words to mean various concepts. Hyperbole is a figurative expression containing an exorbitant exaggeration of the size, strength, or significance of any object or phenomenon. Hyperbole can be idealizing and destructive.

Hyperboles are used to express language means: words, combinations of words and sentences.

A hyperbola can be defined as a conic section with eccentricity, greater than one. Hyperbolas A series of curved lines is known by this name in analytical geometry. 1) G. of the second order, or the so-called Apollonian hyperbole. Hyperboles in the Bible HYPERBOLES (Greek ὑπερβολή - exaggeration) IN THE BIBLE, fiction.

Most often, hyperboles can be found in epics. As a result, hyperbolic comparisons, metaphors, and personifications are formed. To emphasize the expressed idea and enhance the effect of what is said in literature, hyperbole is used. Hyperbole is a deliberate exaggeration in literary work to enhance the perception effect.

To make speech more vivid and expressive, people use figurative language and stylistic devices: metaphor, comparison, inversion and others.