What is the author's attitude to the fate of Lensky. Quoted description of Lensky from the novel “Eugene Onegin”

Pushkin treats all his heroes condescendingly. He shrewdly draws attention to their mistakes and impartial actions, but also points out the nobility they showed. He is more indifferent to Olga than to others, and pays less attention to her due to the typical nature of her character. He loves Lensky, although he slightly teases him. Onegin, who occupies the main author's attention, is subjected to close examination in his various manifestations. The same can be said about Tatyana. Probably the most reverent author's attitude specifically to Tatyana, who appeared as the most holistic and developing person.

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Writers have always strived for a realistic depiction of Russian life; but for the time being these images lacked artistry, free creativity. Pushkin brought beauty, a powerful aesthetic principle to Russian literature; Artistically depicting Russian reality, he at the same time firmly took the position of deep realism.

A.S. Pushkin’s novel “Eugene Onegin” is a historical, philosophical work, it is a novel-life. The pictures of Russian society depicted in the novel are the most important material for the analysis of the era, characters, morals, and traditions.

"Eugene Onegin" is one of the most original novels in Russian literature. And Pushkin, of course, understood this. Before him, novels were written in prose, because the “prose” genre is more suitable for depicting the details of life, and for showing it in general. In the poetic genre it is different. When an author writes poetry, he involuntarily reveals his inner world, shows one’s “I”, reflects life through the prism of one’s own ideas.

In the novel in verse “Eugene Onegin” Pushkin shows a picture of his era and does not separate it from himself. In the novel, fictional characters live, love, and suffer, but they are almost inseparable from the author. The story about their life is a diary of the author's soul.

Pushkin's innovative decision was the appearance in the novel of an unusual image, the image of the author. And the search for correlations between this image and the images of the heroes.

The novel is called "Eugene Onegin", it is natural to assume that one of the main characters of the novel is the character of the same name. Reading line by line, we understand that along with him, the author also plays a full role in the novel. The author is invisibly present where his heroes are. He is not a soulless verbal narrator; we can notice this both from the lyrical digressions and from the main storyline. The author constantly invades the narrative field, discusses various topics, creates a certain mood, and clarifies details. The author and I feel better; he is the link between the characters and us.

The author has a special relationship with Evgeny Onegin. The author is older than Onegin, he “has not sinned for a long time.” They are somewhat similar. Both are of the noble class. Both are fluent in French. Reading circle of Onegin - Byron, Methurin. But Pushkin himself read the same thing!

Byron's work "Childe Harold's Pilgrimage" is Onegin's favorite book. Pushkin and his contemporaries also read to her. Childe-Harold's melancholy, despondency, and disappointment were even “copied” by some representatives of high society; mask bored man was popular.

As for Maturin, both Onegin and Pushkin were interested in his novel Melmoth the Wanderer.

At this stage, we will make a lyrical digression and say that in the novel we do not identify the author with Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin. Pushkin and the author (the speech narrator in the novel) are not the same person. Although their biographies partly coincide.

The writer A. Tarkhov notes that the existence of two “I” (a certain author and the real poet Pushkin) is one of the main intrigues (contradictions) of the “free novel” “Eugene Onegin”.

Let's return to our heroes. How does the author feel about Eugene Onegin? With irony, but one cannot help but notice that with undisguised sympathy too. Although…

“I’m always glad to notice the difference
Between Onegin and me"

The similarities between the characters are present in their upbringing and education. The author notes with irony:

"We all learned a little bit
Something and somehow
So upbringing, thank God,
It’s no wonder to shine here.”

In what other ways are Onegin and the author similar and in what ways different?

They both know the banks of the Neva. Onegin tried to take up the pen, “but he was sick of persistent work,” the author is not like that. He belongs to the “perky guild” of writers.

For Onegin, theater and ballet are not temples of art where beauty and emotions are born, they are a place for flirting, romance, and sighing.

“The theater is an evil legislator,
Fickle Adorer
Charming actresses
Honorary citizen of the scenes."

“I was embittered, he was sullen;
We both knew the game of passion;
Life tormented both of us;
The heat died down in both hearts;
Anger awaited both
Blind Fortune and People
In the very morning of our days."

The difference between the types can also be traced in the fact that Onegin noticed “that in the village there is the same boredom,” and the author “was born ... for village silence.”

The image of Onegin in the novel is not static, it undergoes changes. It is at a time when Onegin experiences true disappointment that the author becomes close to his “good friend” Onegin, tries to develop in him creativity, teach to write poetry. But this attempt was not crowned with success, because “he could not distinguish iambic from trochee, no matter how hard we fought.”

As the plot develops, we see that the worldview of the author and Onegin changes. Onegin understood a lot, felt a lot. The author also became different. Onegin in the finale of the novel is more loyal and understandable; he is closer to the author.

How will it turn out? future life Evgeniya? I would like to hope that it is successful. Evgeniy has positive inclinations. The problem is that there is a gap between Onegin’s potential and the role that he has chosen for himself in society.

Conclusion

In the novel “Eugene Onegin” the same wonderful image of the “responding poet” appears. The author in the novel is not Pushkin, he is an independent hero, a full participant in events. The author and Onegin are similar in many ways. They think about life, are critical of many things, and are characterized by an intense search for a goal in life. They are taller than the crowd that surrounds them. But at the same time, they are different. The author treats Evgeniy ironically, but with obvious sympathy. The difference in the views of these two types was established in the first chapter. That is, the i's are dotted at the very beginning.

The author, whom Pushkin wisely made the hero of the novel, opens up with us and gives the necessary explanations. Thanks to the author, we better understand the image of Onegin, the images of other heroes of the work, and we better understand the plot line of the novel.

Vladimir Lensky first appears on the pages of the novel when he returns from Germany, where he studied at the prestigious University of Göttingen. He is very good looking:

“With a soul straight from Göttingen,
Handsome man, in full bloom,
Kant's admirer and poet."

Ardent and enthusiastic:

“The spirit is ardent and rather strange,
Always an enthusiastic speech
And shoulder-length black curls.”

Eligible groom:

“Rich, good-looking, Lenskoy
Everywhere he was accepted as a groom;
This is the custom of the village;
All daughters were destined for their own
For the half-Russian neighbor;
Will he come up, immediately the conversation
Turns the word around
About the boredom of single life”...

Arriving in the village, Lensky meets his new neighbor Evgeny Onegin, introduces him to the Larins’ house, introduces him to his bride Olga and her younger sister Tatyana.

Lensky writes poetry, but he writes somehow “dark and sluggish.” Myself young poet, despite education, extraordinary appearance, “Dear at heart he was ignorant.” He is simple and sweet, somewhat naive.

Lensky’s feelings for Olga Larina are also permeated with romanticism. He sees only poetic traits in her, although Olga is an ordinary village girl. He builds his relationship with her according to the sentimental Western model. They read novels and play chess together.

An enthusiastic young romantic, he does not understand life at all; reality is replaced by blind faith in his ideals: selfless friendship, great eternal love:

"He believed that his friends were ready
It is his honor to accept the shackles,
And that their hand will not tremble
Break the slanderer's vessel;
That there are those chosen by fate,
Sacred friends of people...
“...He sang love, obedient to love,
And his song was clear,
Like the thoughts of a simple-minded maiden,
Like a baby's dream, like the moon
In the deserts of the serene sky,
Goddess of secrets and tender sighs."

Lensky is reckless and ardent, pure in soul, he is full of “freedom-loving” hopes. However, these hopes were not destined to come true. Two weeks before the wedding, Vladimir became jealous of Olga and Onegin and challenged him to a duel. Lensky dies in a duel.

Pushkin also described the possible future fate Lensky, if he had not died in a duel, the fate of an ordinary landowner, a simple man in the street:

“Youth summers would pass:
The ardor of his soul would cool.
He would change in many ways
I would part with the muses, get married,
In the village, happy and horny,
I would wear a quilted robe;
If I had known life in reality, I would have had gout at the age of forty,
I drank, ate, got bored, got fat, grew sickly,
And finally in my bed
I would die among children,
Whining women and doctors."

In the person of Lensky, Pushkin gives artistic display a very common type of enthusiastic young romantic in that era. He is a talented lyric poet, his beliefs are the noblest, the most advanced - dreams of freedom for the people, but, unfortunately for the author and readers, they are not destined to come true.

Noble life and borrowed Western culture determined the romantic mood of Lensky's thoughts and feelings, far from real Russian life. Onegin’s “half-Russian neighbor,” “an admirer of Kant 1 and a poet,” does not have any clear idea of real life. In my poems

    He sang separation and sadness,
    And something, and the foggy distance,
    And romantic roses...

As Pushkin jokingly remarked, “his poems / Are full of love nonsense.” Lensky is young. He is “almost...eighteen years old.” How would his life have developed in the future, at the time of maturity? True to the truth of life, Pushkin does not give a direct answer to this question. Lensky could retain the warmth of his heart, but he could also turn into an ordinary landowner who, like Dmitry Larin, “would wear a quilted robe” and would end his life in a very ordinary way:

    I drank, ate, got bored, got fat, grew weaker
    And finally in my bed
    I would die among children,
    Whining women and doctors.

Pushkin's attitude towards Lensky is ambivalent: sympathy is visible through outright irony, and irony appears through sympathy.

Lensky is 18 years old in the novel. He is 8 years younger than Onegin. Lensky is partly a young Onegin, not yet matured, not having had time to experience pleasure and not having experienced deceit, but having already heard about the world:

    I hate your fashionable light,
    I prefer the home circle.

To this Onegin, sensing Lensky’s borrowed judgments, interrupts impatiently:

    Eclogue again!
    Yes, that's enough, honey, for God's sake.

Main artistic role Lensky - to highlight the character of Onegin. They mutually explain each other. Lensky is a friend worthy of Onegin. He, like Onegin, is one of the best people then Russia. A poet, an enthusiast, he is full of childlike faith in people, in romantic friendship to the grave and in eternal love. Lensky is noble, educated, his feelings and thoughts are pure, his enthusiasm is sincere. He loves life. Many of these qualities distinguish Lensky from Onegin. Lensky believes in ideals, Onegin is idealless. Lensky's soul is filled with feelings, thoughts, poems, and creative fire. Like Onegin, Lensky encounters the hostility of his landowner neighbors and is subjected to “strict analysis.” And he did not like the feasts of the gentlemen of the neighboring villages:

    He ran away from their noisy conversation.

However, Lensky’s trouble was that “He was an ignorant man at heart...” and knew neither the world nor people. Everything in him: the love of freedom of the German model, and poems, and thoughts, and feelings, and actions - was naive, simple-minded, borrowed:

    He believed that his soul was dear
    Must connect with him
    That, despairingly languishing,
    She waits for him every day;
    He believed that his friends were ready
    It is an honor to accept his shackles...

Lensky's ideas are shifted towards the ideal. He looks at the world through the prism of age and literature. Hence his poems - a set of general elegiac formulas, behind which there is no living thing, clear content. It’s funny when a young man at eighteen sings “the faded color of life,” while remaining in full health. When Lensky, on the eve of the duel, writes the elegy “Where, where have you gone...”, these elegiac lines produce a parody impression. In fact, where did the “arrow” come from (“Will I fall, pierced by an arrow ...”), if they decided to shoot with pistols? This is conventionally bookish speech, conventionally romantic pose, conventionally romantic gestures. Lensky decided to save Olga (and again thinks in verses in periphrases 2, poetic cliches, where Onegin is a “debaucher” and at the same time a “worm,” and Olga is a “two-morning flower”). Theatrical rhetoric, empty declamation, expressed in beautiful allegory, contains a simple and clear meaning:

    All this meant, friends:
    I'm shooting with a friend.

At the same time, Lensky does not understand at all emotional movements Olga: she does not demand sacrifice from him. Lensky's speeches and actions evoke irony, which, of course, was not intended by the hero. Pushkin describes Olga through the eyes of Lensky:

    Always modest, always obedient,
    Always cheerful like the morning,
    How a poet's life is simple-minded,
    How sweet is the kiss of love...

But this " perfect portrait"Olga, the true one is different. Onegin looked at her with different, sober eyes:

    Olga has no life in her features.
    Exactly like Vandice's Madonna:
    She's round and red-faced,
    Like this stupid moon
    On this stupid sky.

Lensky’s trouble is that he has not yet matured as a person and that between him and the world stands an alien book-poetic prism, distorting objects in the spirit of the ideal and preventing him from seeing them in life size. For experienced Onegin and the author, this is funny. But isn't this laughter mixed with sadness? Doesn't the hero's inexperience testify to the purity of his soul? And is it really so flawless? sober look devoid of youthful enthusiasm, faith in the ideal, in triumph universal human values? Pushkin responds to this as follows:

    But it's sad to think that it's in vain
    We were given youth
    That they cheated on her all the time,
    That she deceived us;
    That our best wishes
    What are our fresh dreams
    Decayed in quick succession,
    Like rotten leaves in autumn.

The reality is sad and unhappy if people, even mature ones, do not retain any share of naivety or innocence, if doubt, unbelief, and lack of ideality prevail in society. Pushkin feels sorry for the poet who died early and appreciates in him “hot excitement”, “noble aspiration”, “violent desire for love”, “thirst for knowledge”, “fear of vice and shame”, “cherished dreams” and “dreams of holy poetry”.

1 Kant Immanuel (1724-1804) - German philosopher, founder of German classical philosophy.
2 Periphrase, periphrase - stylistic device, consisting of replacing a word or phrase with a descriptive figure of speech, which indicates the signs of an object not directly named (for example, instead of the expression morning has come, the writer prefers to use something else - when the first rays rising sun golden the edges of the eastern sky).

With the title of the novel, Pushkin emphasizes the central position of Onegin among other heroes of the work. Onegin is a secular young man, a metropolitan aristocrat, who received a typical upbringing for that time under the guidance of a French tutor - education in the spirit of literature, divorced from national and popular soil. He leads the lifestyle of the “golden youth”: balls, walks along Nevsky Prospect, visiting theaters. Although Evgeniy studied “something and somehow,” he still has high level culture, differing in this respect from the majority of noble society.

Onegin is a product of this society, but at the same time he is alien to it. His nobility of soul and “sharp, cool mind” set him apart from the aristocratic youth and gradually lead to disappointment in life and dissatisfaction with the political and social situation.

The lordly upbringing and lack of habit of work (“he was sick of persistent work”) played their role, and Onegin does not complete any of his undertakings. He lives “without purpose, without work.” In the village, Onegin behaves humanely towards the peasants, but does not think about their fate; he is more tormented by his own moods, the feeling of the emptiness of life.

Having broken with secular society, cut off from the life of the people, he loses touch with people. He rejects the love of Tatyana Larina, a gifted, morally pure girl, unable to unravel the depths of her needs and the uniqueness of her nature. Onegin kills his friend Lensky in a duel, succumbing to class prejudices, afraid of “the whispers, the laughter of fools.” In a depressed state of mind, he leaves the village and begins wandering around Russia. These wanderings give him the opportunity to look at life more fully, reevaluate his attitude to the surrounding reality, and understand how fruitlessly he wasted his life.

Onegin returns to the capital and finds the same scene of entertainment secular society. Love for Tatyana flares up in him - now married woman. But Tatyana unraveled the selfishness and selfishness underlying feelings for her, and rejected Onegin’s love. Through Onegin's love for Tatyana, Pushkin shows that his hero is capable of moral rebirth. This is a person who has not cooled down to everything; the forces of life are still boiling in him, which, according to the poet’s plan, should have awakened in Onegin the desire for social activity.

The image of Eugene Onegin opens up a whole gallery of “superfluous people” in Russian literature.

The author emphasizes the merits that set Onegin apart from the philistine masses: “...Involuntary devotion to dreams, non-imitative strangeness and a sharp, chilled mind,” “both pride and direct honor,” “direct nobility of the soul.” Onegin, on his village estate, despite the beautiful views, “golden meadows and fields,” was bored, because he “yawned equally among the fashionable and ancient halls,” was alienated from the limited landowner neighbors, preferring loneliness to all this..

Onegin, faced with a sincere deep love an extraordinary girl, did not find enough mental strength to respond to this high feeling.

The murder of Lensky in a duel revealed another weakness of Eugene - the persistence in him of secular conventions, false ideas about noble honor, from which he fled from St. Petersburg. Onegin refused the love that could brighten his life, and now he has lost his only friend.

The fate of Onegin, conditioned by the development of noble culture, is as sad as the fate of Tatiana. Having experienced a real feeling of love for the first time, Onegin reveals his soul in a letter to Tatyana. He became spiritually richer, deeper, more humane, more sensitive. At the end of the novel, he does not look like a smart, cold aristocrat, explaining in detail to Tatyana the reasons for refusing her love. Now he is in the position of a lover, sincere, not afraid of ridicule. Now he evokes compassion in the reader with his life drama, with his entire broken, distorted life.

Evgeny Onegin can be called an “extra” person. Because such spiritually rich people feel superfluous in such a society.

A special place in the novel is occupied by the “love story” of Evgeny Onegin and Tatyana Larina. The author emphasizes that Onegin is still capable of some feelings. But Onegin is to blame for their unhappy love. His fault is that he is selfish and proud. He rejected Tatyana’s love and, moreover, read a sermon to her because he was afraid of losing his freedom. And seven years later he returned from his journey and met Tatyana. Love for this girl flared up in him, but this time Tatyana rejected him, because she was able to see the pride, the selfishness that underlay his feelings for her. At this moment the novel ends and it is not known how the fate of Eugene Onegin ends.

The poet does not hide the shortcomings of his hero and certainly does not try to justify them. We learn from the first chapter that the Author himself met Onegin and “liked his features.” The author does not make his hero “positive”, but he does not make him “negative” either. This inconsistency makes Onegin realistic. I believe that the author treats his hero neither positively nor negatively; he simply treats him as a person.

In the novel “Eugene Onegin”, along with the central character - Onegin - two more characters are clearly highlighted - Lensky and Tatyana. The author speaks of them with obvious sympathy, lovingly talks about their destinies, devotes many lyrical digressions. Relationships with these heroes are the most important events in the life of Onegin (at least from those included in the plot of the novel); in addition, these characters are extremely significant for understanding the image of the author: he connects one of the periods of his life with Lensky, Tatyana appears as an ideal that invariably accompanies the author.

Both heroes - Lensky and Tatyana - are introduced into the plot of the novel in the second chapter, which describes the beginning of Onegin's life in the village. This emphasizes their belonging to the world of local nobles and marks their opposition to Onegin, a resident of the capital. Onegin is a representative of the St. Petersburg “golden youth”, accustomed to social life; Tatyana and Lensky are landowners, raised “in the wilderness,” in a narrow circle of neighbors (even for Lensky, who studied at the university in Germany, life is obviously limited to the village). Onegin gets bored “among the fashionable and ancient halls” and suffers from the blues; Lensky and Tatyana did not lose the fervor of their feelings and did not experience disappointment in the world. But Onegin is capable of looking at life soberly, coldly and mockingly, he knows true price people and circumstances around him, and Lensky and Tatyana have a poor understanding of reality; they live more of an imaginary life, transferring book situations into reality.

Lensky and Tatyana evoke a similar attitude in Onegin: he looks down on them, smiling at the immaturity of his young acquaintances (“Forgive the fever youth// Both youthful heat and youthful delirium,” he thinks about Lensky. “Inexperience leads to trouble,” he warns Tatyana). However, despite his slightly mocking and condescending attitude towards them, Onegin can truly understand them estimate.

The author's attitude towards Lensky and Tatyana is also similar. Both characters are definitely loved. However, the intonation with which the author writes about them changes throughout the novel, and changes in a similar way. At first it combines sympathy and irony. The author mockingly imitates Lensky’s speech and indicates his tastes with a list of poetic cliches:

He sang separation and sadness,
And something, and the foggy distance,
And romantic roses;
He sang those distant countries
Where long in the bosom of silence
His living tears flowed;
He sang the faded color of life
Almost eighteen years old, -

and with a smile copies the language of the novels that Tatyana reads: “You are in the hands of a fashionable tyrant // You have already given up your fate,” “You are in blinding hope // You are calling for dark bliss, // You are recognizing the bliss of life, // You are drinking the magical poison of desires ", "Everywhere, everywhere in front of you // Your fatal tempter"; The author even describes the meeting between Tatiana and Onegin in this language: “Shining with his gaze, Eugene // Stands like a menacing shadow.”

However, in the second half of the novel, the intonation becomes more serious, losing its lightness and mockery. Lensky, killed in a duel, is mourned by the author without a hint of irony; Literary cliches that previously only caused a smile are filled with a new, tragically piercing meaning: “The young singer // Found an untimely end! // The storm blew, the beautiful color // Withered at the dawn, // The fire on the altar went out.” The author speaks more and more seriously and admiringly about Tatyana: at the end of the novel she is called a “sweet ideal.”

It must be said that both heroes turn out to be surprisingly significant in the novel: their role is not limited only to participation in its plot. From them, threads stretch through the eventual fabric of the novel: the image of the poet Lensky inevitably pulls behind it the image of another poet - the author (on the one hand, opposed to Lensky, and on the other, close and in some ways dear to him). And behind the image of Tatiana one can vaguely discern “the one whom the author does not dare to disturb with the lyre.”

Thus, the role of Tatiana and the role of Lensky in figurative system novel are similar. It looks like the relationship between the author and central character. However, this is where their similarities end. The profound differences between them are already evident in their interaction with the environment. They are both born local nobility, but they treat him differently: for Lensky this connection is not obvious; the landowner neighbors seem to him an idyllic “home circle,” a shelter for the wanderer he imagines himself to be. Tatyana realizes that she is a child of this environment (in her letter to Onegin, she unites herself, her relatives and neighbors with the pronoun “we”). She inherited from her cordiality and simplicity (“And we... we don’t shine in any way, // Although you are welcome in simplicity,” she writes to Onegin), however, she feels her loneliness and dissimilarity with this environment and bitterly complains: “I here alone, // No one understands me"; she suffers and hates her circle (in her dreams, her neighbor-landowners even appear as monsters to her).

Tatyana turns out to be much more complex and deeper than Lensky: she is always trying to understand real life, without replacing it with your own ideas about it, as Lensky does; she is capable of making much more complex decisions than he; finally, she is in constant change, moral evolution, while Lensky, who has never known life, forever stops in his development, “freezes.” It is Tatyana who is contacted the most important topics and the problems of the novel, it is she who appears as the bearer of Russian in this novel - “the encyclopedia of Russian life.” However, it is noteworthy that at the end of the novel the image of Lensky reappears (it is no coincidence that these lines are written in his language):

Blessed is he who celebrates life early
Left without drinking to the bottom
Glasses full of wine,
Who hasn't read her novel...

The author takes a new look at his hero, once again evaluates him (like Tatyana - Onegin), arguing that there is a certain correctness in Lensky’s position and that it is impossible to give an unambiguous assessment of such a nature as Lensky and recognize any one point as correct view, one look at life.

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