Hans Christian Andersen (1805-1875)
More than one generation of people grew up on the works of the Danish writer, storyteller and playwright. From early childhood, Hans was a visionary and dreamer, he adored puppet theaters and began to write poetry early. His father died when Hans was not even ten years old, the boy worked as an apprentice at a tailor, then at a cigarette factory, at the age of 14 he already played minor roles at the Royal Theater in Copenhagen. Andersen wrote his first play at the age of 15, it was a great success, in 1835 his first book of fairy tales was published, which many children and adults read with delight to this day. Of his works, the most famous are Flint, Thumbelina, The Little Mermaid, The Steadfast Tin Soldier, The Snow Queen, The Ugly Duckling, The Princess and the Pea and many others.
Charles Perrault (1628-1703)
The French storyteller, critic and poet was an exemplary excellent student in childhood. He received a good education, made a career as a lawyer and writer, he was admitted to the French Academy, wrote many scientific works. He published his first book of fairy tales under a pseudonym - the name of his eldest son was indicated on the cover, since Perrault was afraid that the storyteller's reputation could damage his career. In 1697, his collection Tales of Mother Goose was published, which brought Perrault world fame. According to the plot of his fairy tales, famous ballets and operas were created. As for the most famous works, few people did not read in their childhood about Puss in Boots, Sleeping Beauty, Cinderella, Little Red Riding Hood, Gingerbread House, Thumb Boy, Bluebeard.
Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin (1799-1837)
Not only the poems and poems of the great poet and playwright enjoy the well-deserved love of people, but also wonderful fairy tales in verse. Alexander Pushkin began to write his poems at an early age, he received a good education at home, graduated from the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum (a privileged educational institution), and was friends with other famous poets, including the “Decembrists”. In the life of the poet, there were both periods of ups and downs and tragic events: accusations of freethinking, misunderstanding and condemnation of the authorities, and finally, a fatal duel, as a result of which Pushkin received a mortal wound and died at the age of 38. But his legacy remains: the last fairy tale written by the poet was The Tale of the Golden Cockerel. Also known are “The Tale of Tsar Saltan”, “The Tale of the Fisherman and the Fish”, “The Tale of the Dead Princess and the Seven Bogatyrs”, “The Tale of the Priest and the Worker Balda”.
Brothers Grimm: Wilhelm (1786-1859), Jacob (1785-1863)
Jakob and Wilhelm Grimm were inseparable from their youth to the very grave: they were connected by common interests and common adventures. Wilhelm Grimm grew up as a sickly and weak boy, only in adulthood his health more or less returned to normal, Jacob always supported his brother. The Grimm brothers were not only connoisseurs of German folklore, but also linguists, lawyers, scientists. One brother chose the path of a philologist, studying the memoirs of ancient German literature, the other became a scientist. Fairy tales brought world fame to the brothers, although some works are considered “not for children”. The most famous are “Snow White and Scarlet”, “Straw, Coal and Bean”, “Bremen Street Musicians”, “The Brave Tailor”, “The Wolf and the Seven Kids”, “Hansel and Gretel” and others.
Pavel Petrovich Bazhov (1879-1950)
The Russian writer and folklorist, who was the first to perform a literary adaptation of the Ural legends, left us an invaluable legacy. He was born into a simple working-class family, but this did not stop him from graduating from the seminary and becoming a teacher of the Russian language. In 1918, he volunteered for the front, returning, he decided to turn to journalism. Only on the occasion of the author's 60th birthday was the collection of short stories "The Malachite Box" published, which brought people's love to Bazhov. It is interesting that fairy tales are made in the form of legends: folk speech, folklore images make each work special. The most famous fairy tales are: “Mistress of the Copper Mountain”, “Silver Hoof”, “Malachite Box”, “Two Lizards”, “Golden Hair”, “Stone Flower”.
Rudyard Kipling (1865-1936)
Famous writer, poet and reformer. Rudyard Kipling was born in Bombay (India), at the age of 6 he was brought to England, he later called those years “years of suffering”, because the people who raised him turned out to be cruel and indifferent. The future writer was educated, returned to India, and then went on a trip, visiting many countries in Asia and America. When the writer was 42 years old, he was awarded the Nobel Prize - and to this day he remains the youngest writer-winner in his nomination. Kipling's most famous children's book is, of course, The Jungle Book, the main character of which was the boy Mowgli, it is also very interesting to read other fairy tales: the leopard got his spots”, they all tell about distant lands and are very interesting.
Ernst Theodor Amadeus Hoffmann (1776-1822)
Hoffmann was a very versatile and talented person: composer, artist, writer, storyteller. He was born in Koningsberg when he was 3 years old, his parents separated: the older brother left with his father, and Ernst stayed with his mother, Hoffmann never saw his brother again. Ernst has always been a mischievous and dreamer, he was often called a "troublemaker." Interestingly, next to the house where the Hoffmanns lived, there was a women's boarding house, and Ernst liked one of the girls so much that he even began to dig a tunnel to get to know her. When the manhole was almost ready, my uncle found out about it and ordered to fill up the passage. Hoffmann always dreamed that after his death there would be a memory of him - and it happened, his fairy tales are read to this day: the most famous ones are “The Golden Pot”, “The Nutcracker”, “Little Tsakhes, nicknamed Zinnober” and others.
Alan Milne (1882-1856)
Who among us does not know the funny bear with sawdust in his head - Winnie the Pooh and his funny friends? - The author of these funny tales is Alan Milne. The writer spent his childhood in London, he was a well-educated man, then he served in the Royal Army. The first bear stories were written in 1926. Interestingly, Alan did not read his works to his own son Christopher, preferring to educate him on more serious literary stories. Christopher read his father's fairy tales as an adult. The books have been translated into 25 languages and enjoy great success in many countries around the world. In addition to the stories about Winnie the Pooh, the fairy tales "Princess Nesmeyana", "An Ordinary Tale", "Prince Rabbit" and others are known.
Alexey Nikolaevich Tolstoy (1882-1945)
Alexei Tolstoy wrote in many genres and styles, received the title of academician, and during the war he was a war correspondent. As a child, Alexei lived on the Sosnovka farm in the house of his stepfather (his mother left his father, Count Tolstoy, while pregnant). Tolstoy spent several years abroad, studying the literature and folklore of different countries: this is how the idea arose to rewrite the fairy tale "Pinocchio" in a new way. In 1935, his book The Golden Key or the Adventures of Pinocchio was published. Alexei Tolstoy also released 2 collections of his own fairy tales, called Mermaid Tales and Magpie Tales. The most famous "adult" works are "Walking through the torments", "Aelita", "Hyperboloid of engineer Garin".
Alexander Nikolaevich Afanasiev (1826-1871)
This is an outstanding folklorist and historian, who from his youth was fond of folk art and studied it. At first he worked as a journalist in the archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, at which time he began his research. Afanasiev is considered one of the most prominent scientists of the 20th century, his collection of Russian folk tales is the only collection of Russian East Slavic tales that can be called a “folk book”, because more than one generation has grown up on them. The first publication dates back to 1855, since then the book has been reprinted more than once.
Danish prose writer and poet - the author of world-famous fairy tales for children and adults. He wrote The Ugly Duckling, The King's New Dress, The Steadfast Tin Soldier, The Princess and the Pea, Ole Lukoye, The Snow Queen and many other works.
The storyteller was constantly afraid for his life: Andersen was frightened by the likelihood of a robbery, dogs, the possibility of losing his passport.
Most of all, the writer was afraid of fire. Because of this, the author of The Ugly Duckling always carried a rope with him, with which, in case of fire, he could get out through the window to the street.
Andersen was also tormented by the fear of poisoning all his life. There is a legend according to which children who loved the work of the Danish storyteller bought a gift for their idol. Ironically, the guys sent Andersen a box of chocolates. The storyteller was horrified when he saw the children's gift and sent it to his relatives.
Hans Christian Andersen. (nacion.ru)
In Denmark, there is a legend about the royal origin of Andersen. This is due to the fact that in an early autobiography the author himself wrote about how, as a child, he played with Prince Frits, later King Frederick VII, and he had no friends among street boys. Only the prince. Andersen's friendship with Frits, according to the storyteller's fantasy, continued into adulthood, until the latter's death, and, according to the writer himself, he was the only one, with the exception of relatives, who was admitted to the coffin of the deceased.
Charles Perrault
However, it was not serious books that brought him worldwide fame and recognition from his descendants, but the beautiful fairy tales Cinderella, Puss in Boots, Bluebeard, Little Red Riding Hood, Sleeping Beauty.
Source: twi.ua Perrault published his fairy tales not under his own name, but under the name of his 19-year-old son Perrault d'Harmancourt. The fact is that in the culture of the 15th century throughout Europe, and especially in France, classicism dominated. This direction provided for a strict division into "high" and "low" genres. It can be assumed that the writer concealed his own name in order to protect his already established literary reputation from accusations of working with the "low" genre of the fairy tale.
Because of this fact, after the death of Perrault, the fate of Mikhail Sholokhov also befell him: literary critics began to dispute his authorship. But the version of Perrault's independent authorship is still generally accepted.
Brothers Grimm
Jakob and Wilhelm are researchers of German folk culture and storytellers. They were born in the city of Hanau. For a long time they lived in the city of Kassel. They studied the grammar of the Germanic languages, the history of law and mythology.
Such fairy tales of the Brothers Grimm as "The Wolf and the Seven Kids", "Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs" and "Rapunzel" are known all over the world.
Brothers Grimm. (history-doc.ru)
For the Germans, this duet is the personification of the original folk culture. The writers collected folklore and published several collections called Grimm's Tales, which became quite popular. Also, the Grimm brothers created a book about the German Middle Ages "German Legends".
It is the Grimm brothers who are considered the founders of German philology. At the end of their lives, they set about creating the first dictionary of the German language.
Pavel Petrovich Bazhov
The writer was born in the city of Sysert, Yekaterinburg district, Perm province. He graduated from the Ekaterinburg Theological School, and later the Perm Theological Seminary.
He worked as a teacher, political worker, journalist and editor of the Ural newspapers.
Pavel Petrovich Bazhov. (zen.yandex.com)
In 1939, Bazhov's collection of fairy tales "The Malachite Box" was published. In 1944, The Malachite Box was published in London and New York, then in Prague, and in 1947 in Paris. The work has been translated into German, Hungarian, Romanian, Chinese, Japanese. In total, according to the library. Lenin - into 100 languages of the world.
In Yekaterinburg, there is the Bazhov House Museum, dedicated to the life and creative path of the writer. It was in this room that the author of The Malachite Box wrote all his works.
Astrid Lindgren
Fairy-tale works are close to folk art, in them the connection between fantasy and the truth of life is palpable. Astrid is the author of a number of world-famous books for children, including The Kid and Carlson Who Lives on the Roof and Pippi Longstocking. In Russian, her books became known thanks to the translation of Lilianna Lungina.
Astrid Lindgren. (wbkids.ru)
Lindgren dedicated almost all of her books to children. “I haven’t written books for adults and I don’t think I ever will,” Astrid said emphatically. She, along with the heroes of the books, taught the children that "If you live out of habit, your whole life will be a day!".
The writer herself always called her childhood happy (it had a lot of games and adventures, interspersed with work on the farm and in its environs) and pointed out that it was it that served as a source of inspiration for her work.
In 1958, Lindgren received the Hans Christian Andersen Medal, which is equivalent to the Nobel Prize in Children's Literature.
Lindgren lived a long life, 94 years, of which 48 years until her death, she continued to be creative.
Rudyard Kipling
The famous writer, poet and reformer, was born in Bombay (India). At the age of 6 he was brought to England, those years he later called "the years of suffering." When the writer was 42 years old, he was awarded the Nobel Prize. Until now, he remains the youngest writer-laureate in his nomination. He also became the first Englishman to win the Nobel Prize in Literature.
The literary author's fairy tale is probably one of the most popular genres of our time. Interest in such works is inexhaustible both among children and among their parents, and Russian writers of fairy tales have made a worthy contribution to the common creative work. It should be remembered that a literary fairy tale differs from folklore in several ways. First of all, the fact that it has a specific author. There are also differences in the way the material is conveyed and the clear use of plots and images, which makes it possible to say that this genre has the right to complete independence.
Poetic Tales of Pushkin
If you make a list of fairy tales by Russian writers, then it will take more than one sheet of paper. Moreover, creations were written not only in prose, but also in verse. A striking example here is A. Pushkin, who initially did not plan to compose children's works. But after a while, the poetic creations “About Tsar Saltan”, “About the priest and his worker Balda”, “About the dead princess and the seven heroes”, “About the golden cockerel” added to the list of fairy tales of Russian writers. A simple and figurative form of presentation, memorable images, vivid plots - all this is characteristic of the work of the great poet. And these works are still included in the treasury
List continued
Some other, no less famous, can be attributed to the literary tales of the period under consideration. Russian writers of fairy tales: Zhukovsky ("The War of Mice and Frogs"), Ershov ("The Little Humpbacked Horse"), Aksakov ("The Scarlet Flower") - made their worthy contribution to the development of the genre. And the great collector of folklore and interpreter of the Russian language Dal also wrote a certain number of fairy-tale works. Among them: "Crow", "Girl Snow Maiden", "About the woodpecker" and others. You can also recall other fairy tales of famous Russian writers: “The Wind and the Sun”, “The Blind Horse”, “The Fox and the Goat” by Ushinsky, “The Black Hen, or Underground Inhabitants” by Pogorelsky, “The Traveling Frog”, “The Tale of the Toad and the Rose” Garshin, "The Wild Landowner", "The Wise Gudgeon" by Saltykov-Shchedrin. Of course, this is not a complete list.
Russian writers of fairy tales
Leo Tolstoy, and Paustovsky, and Mamin-Sibiryak, and Gorky, and many others wrote literary fairy tales. Among the most outstanding works, one can note the “Golden Key” by Alexei Tolstoy. The work was planned as a free retelling of "Pinocchio" by Carlo Collodi. But here is the case when the alteration surpassed the original - this is how many Russian-speaking critics evaluate the writer's work. The wooden boy Pinocchio, familiar to everyone from childhood, won the hearts of young readers and their parents for a long time with his spontaneity and brave heart. We all remember Pinocchio's friends: Malvina, Artemon, Pierrot. And his enemies: the evil Karabas and the nasty Duremar, and the fox Alice. The vivid images of the heroes are so peculiar and original, recognizable that once you read Tolstoy's work, you remember them for the rest of your life.
Revolutionary tales
These include with confidence the creation of Yuri Olesha "Three Fat Men". In this tale, the author reveals the theme of the class struggle against the background of such eternal values as friendship, mutual assistance; the characters of the heroes are distinguished by courage and revolutionary impulse. And the work of Arkady Gaidar "Malchish-Kibalchish" tells of a difficult period for the formation of the Soviet state - the civil war. The boy is a bright, memorable symbol of that era of struggle for revolutionary ideals. It is no coincidence that these images were later used by other authors, for example, in the work of Joseph Kurlat, who in the fairy tale-poem "The Song of the Malchish-Kibalchish" revived the bright image of the hero.
These authors include those who gave literature such fairy tales-plays as "The Naked King", "Shadow" - based on the works of Andersen. And his original creations "Dragon" and "Ordinary Miracle" (at first banned from productions) forever entered the treasury of Soviet literature.
The poetic works of the genre include the fairy tales of Korney Chukovsky: “Fly-Tsokotukha”, “Moydodyr”, “Barmaley”, “Aibolit”, “Cockroach”. To this day they are the most widely read fairy tales in Russia for children of all ages. Instructive and daring, brave and monstrous images and characters of the heroes are recognizable from the first lines. And the poems of Marshak, and the delightful work of Kharms? And Zakhoder, Moritz and Kurlat? It is impossible to list them all in this rather short article.
Modern evolution of the genre
It can be said that the literary fairy tale genre evolved from folklore, in a sense exploiting its plots and images of characters. So at present, many Russian writers of fairy tales are evolving into science fiction writers, giving birth to good works in the fashionable fantasy style. These authors, probably, include Yemets, Gromyko, Lukyanenko, Fry, Oldie and many others. This is a worthy replacement for previous generations of authors of literary fairy tales.
Hans Christian Andersen (1805-1875)
More than one generation of people grew up on the works of the Danish writer, storyteller and playwright. From early childhood, Hans was a visionary and dreamer, he adored puppet theaters and began to write poetry early. His father died when Hans was not even ten years old, the boy worked as an apprentice at a tailor, then at a cigarette factory, at the age of 14 he already played minor roles at the Royal Theater in Copenhagen. Andersen wrote his first play at the age of 15, it was a great success, in 1835 his first book of fairy tales was published, which many children and adults read with delight to this day. Of his works, the most famous are Flint, Thumbelina, The Little Mermaid, The Steadfast Tin Soldier, The Snow Queen, The Ugly Duckling, The Princess and the Pea and many others.
Charles Perrault (1628-1703)
The French storyteller, critic and poet was an exemplary excellent student in childhood. He received a good education, made a career as a lawyer and writer, he was admitted to the French Academy, wrote many scientific works. He published his first book of fairy tales under a pseudonym - the name of his eldest son was indicated on the cover, since Perrault was afraid that the storyteller's reputation could damage his career. In 1697, his collection Tales of Mother Goose was published, which brought Perrault world fame. According to the plot of his fairy tales, famous ballets and operas were created. As for the most famous works, few people did not read in their childhood about Puss in Boots, Sleeping Beauty, Cinderella, Little Red Riding Hood, Gingerbread House, Thumb Boy, Bluebeard.
Sergeyevich Pushkin (1799-1837)
Not only the poems and poems of the great poet and playwright enjoy the well-deserved love of people, but also wonderful fairy tales in verse.
Alexander Pushkin began to write his poems at an early age, he received a good education at home, graduated from the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum (a privileged educational institution), and was friends with other famous poets, including the “Decembrists”. In the life of the poet, there were both periods of ups and downs and tragic events: accusations of freethinking, misunderstanding and condemnation of the authorities, and finally, a fatal duel, as a result of which Pushkin received a mortal wound and died at the age of 38. But his legacy remains: the last fairy tale written by the poet was The Tale of the Golden Cockerel. Also known are “The Tale of Tsar Saltan”, “The Tale of the Fisherman and the Fish”, “The Tale of the Dead Princess and the Seven Bogatyrs”, “The Tale of the Priest and the Worker Balda”.
Brothers Grimm: Wilhelm (1786-1859), Jacob (1785-1863)
Jakob and Wilhelm Grimm were inseparable from their youth to the very grave: they were connected by common interests and common adventures. Wilhelm Grimm grew up as a sickly and weak boy, only in adulthood his health more or less returned to normal, Jacob always supported his brother. The Grimm brothers were not only connoisseurs of German folklore, but also linguists, lawyers, scientists. One brother chose the path of a philologist, studying the memoirs of ancient German literature, the other became a scientist. Fairy tales brought world fame to the brothers, although some works are considered “not for children”. The most famous are “Snow White and Scarlet”, “Straw, Coal and Bean”, “Bremen Street Musicians”, “The Brave Tailor”, “The Wolf and the Seven Kids”, “Hansel and Gretel” and others.
Pavel Petrovich Bazhov (1879-1950)
The Russian writer and folklorist, who was the first to perform a literary adaptation of the Ural legends, left us an invaluable legacy. He was born into a simple working-class family, but this did not stop him from graduating from the seminary and becoming a teacher of the Russian language. In 1918, he volunteered for the front, returning, he decided to turn to journalism. Only on the occasion of the author's 60th birthday was the collection of short stories "The Malachite Box" published, which brought people's love to Bazhov. It is interesting that fairy tales are made in the form of legends: folk speech, folklore images make each work special. The most famous fairy tales are: “Mistress of the Copper Mountain”, “Silver Hoof”, “Malachite Box”, “Two Lizards”, “Golden Hair”, “Stone Flower”.
Video: Video lesson "Bazhov Pavel Petrovich"
Rudyard Kipling (1865-1936)
Famous writer, poet and reformer. Rudyard Kipling was born in Bombay (India), at the age of 6 he was brought to England, he later called those years “years of suffering”, because the people who raised him turned out to be cruel and indifferent. The future writer was educated, returned to India, and then went on a trip, visiting many countries in Asia and America. When the writer was 42 years old, he was awarded the Nobel Prize - and to this day he remains the youngest writer-winner in his nomination. Kipling's most famous children's book is, of course, The Jungle Book, the main character of which was the boy Mowgli, it is also very interesting to read other fairy tales: the leopard got his spots”, they all tell about distant lands and are very interesting.
Ernst Theodor Amadeus Hoffmann (1776-1822)
Hoffmann was a very versatile and talented person: composer, artist, writer, storyteller. He was born in Koningsberg when he was 3 years old, his parents separated: the older brother left with his father, and Ernst stayed with his mother, Hoffmann never saw his brother again. Ernst has always been a mischievous and dreamer, he was often called a "troublemaker." Interestingly, next to the house where the Hoffmanns lived, there was a women's boarding house, and Ernst liked one of the girls so much that he even began to dig a tunnel to get to know her. When the manhole was almost ready, my uncle found out about it and ordered to fill up the passage. Hoffmann always dreamed that after his death there would be a memory of him - and it happened, his fairy tales are read to this day: the most famous ones are “The Golden Pot”, “The Nutcracker”, “Little Tsakhes, nicknamed Zinnober” and others.
Alan Milne (1882-1856)
Who among us does not know the funny bear with sawdust in his head - Winnie the Pooh and his funny friends? - The author of these funny tales is Alan Milne. The writer spent his childhood in London, he was a well-educated man, then he served in the Royal Army. The first bear stories were written in 1926. Interestingly, Alan did not read his works to his own son Christopher, preferring to educate him on more serious literary stories. Christopher read his father's fairy tales as an adult. The books have been translated into 25 languages and enjoy great success in many countries around the world. In addition to the stories about Winnie the Pooh, the fairy tales "Princess Nesmeyana", "An Ordinary Tale", "Prince Rabbit" and others are known.
Video: Alan Milne "An Ordinary Tale"
Alexey Nikolaevich Tolstoy (1882-1945)
Alexei Tolstoy wrote in many genres and styles, received the title of academician, and during the war he was a war correspondent. As a child, Alexei lived on the Sosnovka farm in the house of his stepfather (his mother left his father, Count Tolstoy, while pregnant). Tolstoy spent several years abroad, studying the literature and folklore of different countries: this is how the idea arose to rewrite the fairy tale "Pinocchio" in a new way. In 1935, his book The Golden Key or the Adventures of Pinocchio was published. Alexei Tolstoy also released 2 collections of his own fairy tales, called Mermaid Tales and Magpie Tales. The most famous "adult" works are "Walking through the torments", "Aelita", "Hyperboloid of engineer Garin".
Alexander Nikolaevich Afanasiev (1826-1871)
This is an outstanding folklorist and historian, who from his youth was fond of folk art and studied it. At first he worked as a journalist in the archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, at which time he began his research. Afanasiev is considered one of the most prominent scientists of the 20th century, his collection of Russian folk tales is the only collection of Russian East Slavic tales that can be called a “folk book”, because more than one generation has grown up on them. The first publication dates back to 1855, since then the book has been reprinted more than once.
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Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin (1799-1837) Not only the poems and poems of the great poet and playwright enjoy the well-deserved love of people, but also wonderful fairy tales in verse. Alexander Pushkin began to write his poems at an early age, he received a good education at home, graduated from the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum (a privileged educational institution), and was friends with other famous poets, including the “Decembrists”. In the life of the poet, there were both periods of ups and downs and tragic events: accusations of freethinking, misunderstanding and condemnation of the authorities, and finally, a fatal duel, as a result of which Pushkin received a mortal wound and died at the age of 38. But his legacy remains: the last fairy tale written by the poet was The Tale of the Golden Cockerel. Also known are “The Tale of Tsar Saltan”, “The Tale of the Fisherman and the Fish”, “The Tale of the Dead Princess and the Seven Bogatyrs”, “The Tale of the Priest and the Worker Balda.”
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Pavel Petrovich Bazhov (1879-1950) The Russian writer and folklorist, who was the first to perform a literary adaptation of the Ural legends, left us an invaluable legacy. He was born into a simple working-class family, but this did not stop him from graduating from the seminary and becoming a teacher of the Russian language. In 1918, he volunteered for the front, returning, he decided to turn to journalism. Only on the occasion of the author's 60th birthday was the collection of short stories "The Malachite Box" published, which brought people's love to Bazhov. It is interesting that fairy tales are made in the form of legends: folk speech, folklore images make each work special. The most famous fairy tales are: “Mistress of the Copper Mountain”, “Silver Hoof”, “Malachite Box”, “Two Lizards”, “Golden Hair”, “Stone Flower”.
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Alexei Nikolaevich Tolstoy (1882-1945) Alexei Tolstoy wrote in many genres and styles, received the title of academician, and during the war he was a war correspondent. As a child, Alexei lived on the Sosnovka farm in the house of his stepfather (his mother left his father, Count Tolstoy, while pregnant). Tolstoy spent several years abroad, studying the literature and folklore of different countries: this is how the idea arose to rewrite the fairy tale "Pinocchio" in a new way. In 1935, his book The Golden Key or the Adventures of Pinocchio was published. Alexei Tolstoy also released 2 collections of his own fairy tales, called Mermaid Tales and Magpie Tales. The most famous "adult" works are "Walking through the torments", "Aelita", "Hyperboloid of engineer Garin".
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Alexander Nikolaevich Afanasiev (1826-1871) This is an outstanding folklorist and historian, who from his youth was fond of folk art and studied it. At first he worked as a journalist in the archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, at which time he began his research. Afanasiev is considered one of the most prominent scientists of the 20th century, his collection of Russian folk tales is the only collection of Russian East Slavic tales that can be called a “folk book”, because more than one generation has grown up on them. The first publication dates back to 1855, since then the book has been reprinted more than once.
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Hans Christian Andersen (1805-1875) More than one generation of people grew up on the works of the Danish writer, storyteller and playwright. From early childhood, Hans was a visionary and dreamer, he adored puppet theaters and began to write poetry early. His father died when Hans was not even ten years old, the boy worked as an apprentice at a tailor, then at a cigarette factory, at the age of 14 he already played minor roles at the Royal Theater in Copenhagen. Andersen wrote his first play at the age of 15, it was a great success, in 1835 his first book of fairy tales was published, which many children and adults read with delight to this day. Of his works, the most famous are Flint, Thumbelina, The Little Mermaid, The Steadfast Tin Soldier, The Snow Queen, The Ugly Duckling, The Princess and the Pea and others.
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Charles Perrault (1628-1703) French storyteller, critic and poet was an exemplary excellent student in childhood. He received a good education, made a career as a lawyer and writer, he was admitted to the French Academy, wrote many scientific works. He published his first book of fairy tales under a pseudonym - the name of his eldest son was indicated on the cover, since Perrault was afraid that the storyteller's reputation could damage his career. In 1697, his collection Tales of Mother Goose was published, which brought Perrault world fame. According to the plot of his fairy tales, famous ballets and operas were created. As for the most famous works, few people did not read in their childhood about Puss in Boots, Sleeping Beauty, Cinderella, Little Red Riding Hood, Gingerbread House, Thumb Boy, Bluebeard.
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Brothers Grimm: Wilhelm (1786-1859), Jakob (1785-1863) Jakob and Wilhelm Grimm were inseparable from youth to the very grave: they were connected by common interests and common adventures. Wilhelm Grimm grew up as a sickly and weak boy, only in adulthood his health more or less returned to normal, Jacob always supported his brother. The Grimm brothers were not only connoisseurs of German folklore, but also linguists, lawyers, scientists. One brother chose the path of a philologist, studying the memoirs of ancient German literature, the other became a scientist. Fairy tales brought world fame to the brothers, although some works are considered “not for children”. The most famous are “Snow White and Scarlet”, “Straw, Coal and Bean”, “Bremen Street Musicians”, “The Brave Tailor”, “The Wolf and the Seven Kids”, “Hansel and Gretel” and others.
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Rudyard Kipling (1865-1936) Famous writer, poet and reformer. Rudyard Kipling was born in Bombay (India), at the age of 6 he was brought to England, he later called those years “years of suffering”, because the people who raised him turned out to be cruel and indifferent. The future writer was educated, returned to India, and then went on a trip, visiting many countries in Asia and America. When the writer was 42 years old, he was awarded the Nobel Prize - and to this day he remains the youngest writer-winner in his nomination. Kipling's most famous children's book is, of course, The Jungle Book, the main character of which was the boy Mowgli, it is also very interesting to read other fairy tales: the leopard got his spots”, they all tell about distant lands and are very interesting.
