Describe your impressions of reading the book by I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons"

There are many books in Russian literature that are worthy of being read and studied, admired and talked about. One of such works is, in my opinion, the novel by I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons".

This work can be called a novel-discussion, a novel-argument. In it, the writer expresses his attitude towards what was “fashionable” in the 60s of the 19th century philosophical trend– nihilism.

Let me remind you that the basis of this concept was a complete denial of the entire accumulated experience of mankind. The nihilists argued that their vital task was to destroy the heritage of their ancestors and, thereby, free people from “unnecessary trash,” that is, the entire wealth of world cultural thought.

The main character of "Fathers and Sons" is just such a nihilist - Evgeny Bazarov. This is a young commoner, a medical student. The origin of the hero is important - since childhood he was not involved in traditional culture, to what the Russian aristocracy absorbed with their mother's milk. Maybe this is why the hero is so contemptuous of poetry, music, nature, love, finally?

Bazarov despises everything that constitutes the “life of the soul”; all this is subject to his merciless ridicule. The hero believes that only what is material, what concerns urgent, physiological needs, is important. And everything else is “nonsense”, inventions of those unadapted to life, weak people.

This point of view is one ideological pole in the novel. There is another radically opposite opinion - the opinion of Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov, an aristocrat, a Russian nobleman. For this person, everything that Bazarov calls to destroy constitutes the essence of life, its basis. That’s why he is so outraged by the main character’s ideas, takes them with hostility, considers them dangerous and destructive. That is why, at the first opportunity, he desperately argues with the nihilist, although he feels that Bazarov is stronger.

So, Evgeny Vasilyevich treats poetry and music with contempt. He believes that “a decent chemist is twenty times more useful than any poet.” Let us remember how the hero mocks Arkady’s father when he accuses Nikolai Petrovich of these “sins”: “He reads poetry in vain and hardly understands housekeeping...”, “Have mercy! at forty-four years old, a man, pater familias, in ... the district - plays the cello! and so on.

In addition, Bazarov does not believe in nature as something living, having its own laws, wiser and more eternal than the laws of human society. The hero says to Arkady: “And nature is nothing in the sense in which you understand it. Nature is not a temple, but a workshop, and man is a worker in it.”

Evgeny Bazarov also approaches human relations from a purely pragmatic, materialistic point of view. So, for example, he believes that love between a man and a woman is explained only by physiology, instincts, and there is no place for high feelings.

Turgenev begins his argument with the hero, the debunking of his views, precisely by refuting his views on love. Quite unexpectedly, Bazarov falls in love, falls in love exactly as they write about it in the novels he despises - to the point of frenzy, to the point of self-forgetfulness, to the point of loss of self-esteem. The scene of the hero's declaration of love is one of the most emotional scenes novel: “Bazarov rested his forehead against the glass of the window. He was out of breath; his whole body was apparently trembling. ... this passion beat within him, strong and heavy - a passion similar to anger and, perhaps, akin to it.”

Bazarov realizes that he has fallen in love. This fact is akin to a disaster for the hero, natural disaster- he understands that his whole theory has collapsed, that he a common person, the same “weakling” as the Kirsanovs and the like. What to do next? How to live? Bazarov had no support left, no rod on which to lean. He is not able to radically change his worldview, to accept what he has understood - Eternal values exist and will always exist, being the basis human existence.

From this moment, the spiritual death of the hero begins, his extinction, which ends with the physical death of Bazarov in the finale of the work. Important, that last man The person Evgeniy Vasilyevich wanted to see in his life was Anna Sergeevna Odintsova.

Thus, Turgenev debunks the position of his hero, and with it the nihilistic theory in general. But we understand that the writer does not approve of the position of Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov, who is ossified in his “principles” and does not want to develop or move forward.

Turgenev understands the importance technical progress, its importance and necessity. But, at the same time, the paramount ones, as the writer states in his novel, are eternal values, the experience passed on by ancestors. By refusing all this, a person destroys himself and dooms his offspring to extinction.

"Fathers and Sons" - the book that made an impact on me strong impression and made me think about many questions. But, despite the seriousness of this work, many of its pages are filled with subtle humor, irony, wonderful descriptions Russian nature. I spent many wonderful minutes communicating with the author and characters of this novel, and therefore I decided to tell you about it.

This novel is from school curriculum. Never known for diligence, for some reason I read this novel and I admit, it left an indelible mark on my heart... When I read the last lines I couldn’t help myself: tears were welling up. I remember I sat down and cried heartily)) it was a pity young Bazarov and poor parents...

I like the style in which the novel is written. Turgenev very accessible, intelligibly and interestingly describes all the events taking place in the novel, while reading the novel, pictures of existence involuntarily appear before your eyes, a model of relations in the society of that time emerges... "Fathers and Sons" is more than a realistic story of one family. Nothing new. Just people different generations suddenly they “shrink” and are faced with eternal problems. The appearance of Bazarov in the Kirsanovs' house is like a catalyst in order to sharpen one's view of the problem of views of different generations.

I don’t want to talk much about the already common name of the problem “fathers and sons”. everyone knows it, everyone has encountered it at least once. “Children” run ahead of their fathers after progress, forgetting traditions, and “fathers” stubbornly do not want to take advantage of the new products of this progress and change their views that have developed over the years. In general, this topic is always relevant. The fact that now we accept all innovations, especially scientific ones, gadgets, as progress, in the 18-19 centuries even new views different from traditional ones were akin to this very progress.

The author shows how Russia is changing, how such “Bazarovs” are capable, at least partially, of modifying the views of their environment. Even though Arkaky, his comrade, still moved away from nihilistic thoughts, because he was too “soft and a liberal barchin,” but he moved away, but his thoughts were still renewed (he became a wonderful manager of his estate and farm)... so did the Elder Brother. Nikolai Petrovich, who at first received the new guest with hostility, after a demonstration duel, suddenly became imbued with respect for him and considered that Bazarov was not such a bad person... I just want to say: “The renewal of the “brains” is proceeding at the right pace...” . if it is sharper, there will be a revolution, but the people are maturing and quietly coming to something new, more meaningfully, having matured, so to speak. In the right proportions, keeping traditions and new thinking in mind.

Bazarov, like a bright flash, like a bolt from the blue, appeared brightly, “brainwashed” as best he could and disappeared... Everyone thinks that he is really an ardent nihilist, denying all power and traditions, but in his soul, it turns out, Quite a romantic young man. These new thoughts, mental torment do not give him peace: what he denied, what he taught everyone, suddenly turns out to be in him (tender feelings, romance, sentimentality) and he cannot do anything about it... How painfully Bazarov perceives refusal from Odintsova, who, like him, easily refuses him and denies his feelings...

Using the example of the main character, he finds himself on both sides of the barricade. Conflicting thoughts, awareness of hopelessness, when he cannot control himself and his thoughts and feelings devastate this person, and due to inattention and absent-mindedness, he dies very stupidly... And only old decrepit parents remember him and come to him every time... but for others he remained a bright flash, a spot....

The example of this small and quite ordinary family reflects the mood of society. People's worldview is changing: the more active and daring, driven by their ideas, break forward, bending the weaker ones under them. But even the strongest and most daring always has weakness, because there are no invulnerable people. No matter how Bazarov scoffed at traditions, no matter how ardent a nihilist he considered himself, meeting a woman who awakened real feelings in him changed not only his views, but also his life, which he had to rethink.

But there have always been and will be conflicts between generations. Children are the engines of progress, and parents are the keepers of traditions. This is how the world works harmoniously. It's just the law social development, without which there is no progress, no evolution...

Student's essay10th grade NP DVOC "Penates" Makievskaya Chiara(Head: Yulia Vladimirovna Berezkina)

“What questions does the novel by I.S. make the reader think about? Turgenev "Fathers and Sons"?

Roman I.S. Turgenev's "Fathers and Sons", first published in 1862, became iconic for its time. The work made a strong and ambiguous impression on readers, however, the image of the main character Evgeny Bazarov was perceived by most young people as an example to follow, because the ideals of the youth of those times were perfectly reflected in the worldview of the main character. In his novel I.S. Turgenev managed to reflect the main socio-political problems of Russia in 1853-1861. And yet, the novel “Fathers and Sons” attracts me not only with the accurately conveyed atmosphere of Russia, standing on the threshold of reforms, but also with a number of moral and philosophical problems raised by the author.

One of the main problems of the work lies in its title. This is the problem of the relationship between parents and children, the gap between generations, differences of views. The problem of “fathers and sons” is an eternal problem that arises for people from generation to generation. In the novel “Fathers and Sons,” this problem is particularly clearly revealed through the example of the eternal disputes and disagreements between Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov and Evgeny Bazarov. Pavel Petrovich is the real antipode of Bazarov. Pavel Petrovich is a typical representative of the aristocracy of those times, a nobleman by birth. Evgeny Bazarov proudly talks about his simple origin: “My grandfather plowed the land...” Bazarov values practicality, prefers to think rationally, denying art, creativity, spirituality: “Raphael is not worth a penny.” Bazarov’s practicality is manifested even in his appearance: “Bazarov was extremely simple: he never fussed. He said what he thought. He dressed simply, even somewhat old-fashionedly: a robe with tassels, a hat with large brims. But that didn’t bother him, he wore what he had and what was comfortable, he didn’t care about fashion.” Pavel Petrovich, a romantic and conservative, could not understand Bazarov. Even life in the village did not affect his reverent attitude towards appearance. Pavel Petrovich has always been considered handsome man: “Since childhood, Pavel Petrovich was distinguished by his beauty, was a little mocking and somehow amusingly bilious - he could not help but like him.” Pavel Petrovich was unable to understand and accept nihilism, which is a certain principle of Bazarov’s life; he preferred science fiction. By nihilist I meant a person who does not respect anything or anyone. Both Pavel Petrovich and Bazarov were quite radical in their views, they absolutely did not want to take into account each other’s arguments, each remained with his own opinion. In chapter 24 of the novel, the conflict of generations, namely the conflict between Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich, reaches its climax.

Nikolai Petrovich and Arkady are not so categorical in their beliefs, but they also support different sides in this dispute.

Despite the obvious differences between Pavel Petrovich and Bazarov, they have a lot in common, one might even say that they are quite similar. Both of them are not subject to the influence of others, and only what they themselves have experienced and felt makes the heroes change their views on certain issues. Both the democrat Bazarov and the aristocrat Kirsanov have enormous influence on those around them, and strength of character cannot be denied to either one or the other.

The conflict between “fathers and sons” is not the only conflict in the novel. The composition of the novel is mirrored: Bazarov travels around the same places twice. This makes it possible for Turgenev to show the second conflict in the novel. This conflict is connected with the main character, his state of mind. Bazarov's love story - the most important topic novel. In the first part of the work we also encounter several love stories, but they can be considered the background stories of the heroes in relation to their future destinies. Even from the standpoint of a love conflict between Pavel Petrovich and Bazarov there is much more in common than it seems at first glance. Love completely changes everyone's life. Because of his love for the princess, R. Pavel Petrovich renounces his old life and careers. Love for Anna Sergeevna Odintsova is higher and stronger than all theories - Bazarov begins to understand the failure of his ideals.

The first half of the work, for the most part, makes you think about the foundations of pre-reform Russia, about the expediency of certain political views, principles and outlook on life. The second half of the work raises various moral and philosophical questions more and makes you think about the real values of life. It is not for nothing that the plot of the work was conceived exactly this way. From the work we learn that the most bright characters who put their principles above all else in the world, was not prepared lucky fate: Bazarov dies, Pavel Petrovich moves to Dresden, where he continues to adhere to his previous views, living alone. In turn, Arkady and Katya, Nikolai Petrovich and Fenechka live happily, protecting each other with all their might, living as a large and happy family. Life goes on, goes on as usual. It is not for nothing that at the end of the novel only two happy families remain in the spotlight, while Bazarov, fighting for a different future, and Pavel Petrovich, an “archaic phenomenon,” disappear. Family, friendship, love are values that remain in life forever. This is something eternal, timeless, and such bright phenomena as Pavel Petrovich or Bazarov are an era that ends sooner or later, which exists only for a certain period of time.

Thus, in the novel “Fathers and Sons” by I.S. Turgenev raises many issues that are relevant to society. It is noteworthy that the work does not lose its relevance at the present time, and is also unlikely to lose it in the future, since the problems raised by the author are eternal, cross-cutting in Russian literature. The reader cannot help but think about the true life values, about the role of family in the life of every person. After reading the novel “Fathers and Sons,” you think about the importance of friendly relations between parents and children, such relationships as were between Arkady and Nikolai Petrovich. You cannot live guided only by reason; a competent balance between mind and soul is what Bazarov lacked. It is worth noting that the novel by I.S. Turgenev’s “Fathers and Sons” is a work that is memorable for its depth, a work that raises many questions, the answers to which the reader will have to look within himself, unconsciously comparing himself with the main characters of the work.

I had a desire to apologize (I don’t know - to Bazarov? To Turgenev?) for the stupid first reading and those first impressions that I wrote about. Where I saw only confusion in views, I saw the amazing strength and consistency of a person who makes mistakes, “goes overboard,” but searches. Yesterday, leafing through a textbook, I came across the words that Tolstoy said about himself, but they, in my opinion, are very suitable for people like Bazarov: “You have to fight, make mistakes, fall and get up again, but calmness is spiritual meanness. It seemed to me that Bazarov was indifferent to everything beautiful. He loved, and truly loved. This feeling gave birth to another person in him, whom Bazarov himself did not notice in himself. How he wanted to tear this love out of himself! And he couldn’t, because he was a very strong man, which means he fell in love very deeply and forever. “...Freedom, which the government is busy about...” - is there no hope in these words for reform as for real liberation? And is there any disdain for the people in the words about peasant drunkenness? There is neither one nor the other, at least for the reader who reads the text with an open mind. The word “freedom” in relation to the upcoming reform (let’s not forget - the novel takes place in 1859) was common both among the peasants and among the advanced intelligentsia, no matter how the possibility of freedom itself was assessed. Here is evidence from N. A. Nekrasov’s poem “Village News” (1860): It converges in my hut. More yes more people : - Well, tell me quickly, what have you heard about freedom? And about the reform that had already taken place, which terribly disappointed the poet, he still found it possible to write the poem “Freedom” (1861): I know: in place of the serfs’ nets, People came up with many others, So, but it is easier for the people to untangle them. Muse! Welcome freedom with hope! It is just as difficult to hear approval of the reform in Bazarov’s words as in Nekrasov’s poems. In addition, the entire remark of the hero is of an angry and ironic nature. And in his attitude towards peasant drunkenness, Bazarov is an obvious like-minded person of Dobrolyubov (article “People's Cause”, 1859) and Nekrasov, who saw the tavern and vodka as sworn enemies of people's freedom. Soon after Turgenev’s lessons, ninth-graders will study the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” and will read the chapter from it “Drunken Night”... So, it turns out that the author of “Fathers and Sons” is reproached for deviating from where he strictly follows it. Similar reproaches about other places in the novel are no more valid. They were generated by a certain period of development of the science of literature and are the result of inattention to a specific, irreplaceable public role verbal art, capable - in the best creations - of breaking through any obstacles to the truth of life. According to Pisarev, Bazarov is characterized by Pechorin’s temperament and Pechorin’s spiritual strength. And in general, he appears among a whole gallery of “smart people” - the Onegins, Pechorins, Beltovs, Rudins. These are people who do not want to live the life of those hundreds of thousands of “indivisible” (atoms) that never “used their brain as an instrument of independent thinking” and therefore “lived happily for themselves.” “Smart people” were always bored, sad, even sad from an unsatisfied desire to act and be useful. But now new type such people. Now " smart people“It became clear that being sad is not enough? that happiness cannot be begged, it must be won. Unfortunately, they do not yet see a way to this. “In practical terms, they are as powerless as Rudin, but they realized the demolition of powerlessness and stopped waving their hands. “I can’t act now,” each of these new people thinks to himself, “I won’t even try; I despise everything that surrounds me, and I will not hide this contempt. I will go into the fight against evil when I feel strong.” The Bazarovs, according to the critic, are not slackers at all. On the contrary, unlike their predecessors, they are proletarian workers, they are forced to earn a piece of bread. But their main advantage lies elsewhere. “The Pechorins have will without knowledge, the Rudins have knowledge without will; Bazarov has both knowledge and will. Thought and deed merge into one solid whole.” The Bazarov case is exactly that critical work thoughts carried out by a highly developed, completely independent person, free from all superstitions, authorities, and accepted norms. The critic is undoubtedly right when he speaks of Bazarov’s independence. But do heroes really have no moral laws, principles, or anything at all? It’s true, he doesn’t show them off, he remains silent to Pavel Petrovich’s direct question, he tells Arkady that he acts one way or another “because of the feeling” that his “brain is structured this way.” Let us remember the fight between Evgeny Bazarov and Pavel Kirsanov. Is it really possible that behind the denial there are no ideals, no convictions visible? “My grandfather plowed the land,” says Bazarov, “with arrogant pride.” It is important for him not only as an argument in a dispute that he is more likely than Pavel Petrovich to be recognized as “his compatriot.” Bazarov despises “aristocrats,” that is, people who boast of rights received not by personal merit, but by inheritance. True, Bazarov himself is ready to go against his people - against their ignorance, drunkenness, superstition, and patriarchal obedience. Isn’t it clear that behind all this are the truly democratic ideals of the hero?

Today I read, in my opinion, best work I. S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons.” It is now on the list of my favorite books. While reading, I had indescribable feelings and impressions. Although I do not completely share the views of the main character, Bazarov, something attracts me to his character. I like his way of thinking, his contradiction and defending his interests in society.

It is especially interesting to watch inner world hero. Just one woman managed to awaken deep feelings in him that he does not recognize, or, more accurately, denies. He does not understand what is happening to him, he has a new feeling like love, alien to him. Deep down in his soul, he understands that all his nihilism is crumbling, and this makes him angrier and even more selfish towards others. And this does not lead to anything good.

This work touches on almost all topics. The novel has a lot of plot and love lines, so it becomes even more exciting.

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My reading of the novel Fathers and Sons. Essay “What questions does I. S. Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons” make the reader think about?”

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