School time- this is the most wonderful time. But after completing the training, no one can escape. It sounds quite scary, but if you prepare for it for more than one last night, then it will seem easy, simple and even interesting.
The most difficult part of the exam, according to students, is creative work, since it requires arguments for an essay from classical literature. During the exam, the atmosphere is heavy, thoughts instantly fly out of your head. It is for this reason that it is necessary to become familiar with the main clichés and learn the arguments for the most common topics.
If the above conditions are met, then there will be no problems with writing at all.
The relationship between nature and man
Let's consider the arguments for an essay on the topic "The relationship between man and the world around us" or "People's attitude towards nature as a mother." The topic may sound different, but the meaning is the same.
For this topic, good examples would be the following works:
- "The Tale of Igor's Campaign." If you remember, throughout the entire duration of the action nature helped the heroes, gave signs, and warned of danger. In general, she was endowed with human qualities and tried with all her might to protect her from danger.
- The work of Anton Pavlovich Chekhov “The Steppe”. This work is about a nine-year-old boy, Yegorushka, who was in love with the steppe, revived it in his thoughts, rejoiced and yearned with it.
- "War and Peace" is a novel written by greatest author L.N. Tolstoy. Here we can find two examples at once. Natasha Rostova and Andrei Bolkonsky.
- The arguments for writing on this topic are numerous; let us cite one more work - “The Fish Tsar” (Astafiev). This is a story about a poacher whose meeting with one of the fish radically changes his worldview.
Family and family relationships
Topics of this kind are very common; now we will present the arguments for the essay. If it is necessary to highlight the role of childhood, then the best example would be the work “War and Peace”. Let's remember how Petya Rostov showed all his best features, purchased in home. Shortly before his death, he expressed both kindness and a desire to help towards his comrades.
Another good example- This " Last bow" Katerina Petrovna invested the best and most valuable feelings and traits in her beloved grandson.
If the topic sounds different, for example, “The role of the family in the formation of personality,” then the following arguments are suitable for the essay:
- "War and Peace". Comparison of the Rostov and Kuragin children.
- "Iron and ice cream." Rita's illness and sister's cruelty.
If it is necessary to highlight the role of the mother:
- “Tales of Italy”, where the author clearly and accurately expressed his position on the role of the mother. The mother is everything; she gives everything that is best and most valuable.
- "The Young Guard", where there is a digression dedicated to the mother.
- “Participating in all living things...” - the author appeals to his readers with a request to take care of their mothers.
Teacher
Arguments for an essay in Russian, dedicated to teachers and their role in our lives, can be found among the following works:
- "Ballroom pianist".
- “French Lessons”, where an incredible teacher taught not only within her subject, but also taught valuable moral qualities.
- The well-known “Little Prince”, here the teacher is the Fox, who taught The Little Prince see good qualities in people.
Personal traits
Arguments for an essay on the Russian language for the exam can be selected on absolutely any topic. The subject of this section is no exception. The most scary examples heartlessness is given in the works “Jumping into the Coffin” and “Telegram”. Yu. Mamleev described a picture where relatives buried a sick old woman alive in order to relieve themselves of the burden of caring for her, and Paustovsky tells the story of Nastya, who forgot about her loving and only mother.
A striking example of meanness is given in “The Captain's Daughter”, personified by Shvabrin, who spoke poorly of Masha, who rejected him, and dealt a mean blow to Grinev in the back during a duel.
The power of a word
In A. S. Pushkin’s work “Dubrovsky,” Masha, who loved the main character so much, could not break her oath and leave with her beloved. Or the work of the same author “Eugene Onegin”, in which Tatyana Larina was an image of fidelity and sincerity, showed her strong character. She was able to reject the feelings of her beloved Onegin and remained faithful to her husband.
Art
Arguments for an essay on Russian Unified State Examination There are numerous answers to this problem:
- If we highlight music specifically, then “Dome Cathedral” is a good and shining example. Here the author (V. Astafiev) is convinced that only music can save a person from decay.
- “The Old Cook”, where K. Paustovsky narrated a story about a blind cook, whom music helped him return to the past and remember beautiful paintings nature.
- Two works by L.N. Tolstoy at once - “Albert” and “War and Peace”. First about talented musician, who had a special gift: to warm the souls of listeners with his music, they felt something indescribable. In the second work, the object of influence on a person is Natasha Rostova, who amazed everyone with her singing.
- The role of reading and literature in our lives is reflected in the works of R. Bradbury “Fahrenheit 451” and “Memoirs”. The first says that you can see little in life, but know a lot, because we get ninety-nine percent of our knowledge from books. In the second, the hero admits that he received his education not in college or university, but in the library.
Writers talk about kindness and its absence very often, in almost every work. The texts selected for the Unified State Examination in the Russian language are no exception. Therefore, we have selected the most actual problems from this sphere and revealed each of them with the help of arguments.
- Princess Marya Bolkonskaya, heroine epic novel by L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace", always helped the poor and sick, raised her nephew Nikolenka, looked after her dying father, fulfilling all his whims. The girl was ready to lay down her life and forget about herself for the sake of the happiness of others. Marya's beautiful soul is expressed in her radiant eyes, which make her beautiful. The princess's kindness was rewarded: she found family happiness, her husband Nikolai fell in love with her kind soul.
- Fairy tale collector Egle, hero A. Green's story "Scarlet Sails", told little Assol a tale about a ship with scarlet sails, who will take her away from the terrible society of the inhabitants of Kaperna, who constantly offend the girl and her father. This fairy tale and good relations Egle was inspired by Assol, and she was able to survive all life's collisions. When the heroine grew up, the fairy tale came true, and Captain Gray took her from Kaperna, sailing on a ship from her dreams.
The clash of good and evil
- In the book M. Bulgakov “The Master and Margarita” the clash of good and evil is especially clearly manifested in the Master’s novel about Yeshua. He, as absolute good, faces evil that wants to destroy him. However, Yeshua does not rebel, does not get angry, he humbly awaits his fate, believing in the kindness of people. The hero is sure: “ Evil people no, there are only unhappy people.” Even though Yeshua was executed, he won this battle. Pilate admitted his mistake and repented of it; in his soul, good prevailed over evil. That's why he was forgiven.
- Philosophy of goodness in the novel L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace" presented in the image of Platon Karataev. This hero loves the whole world and treats every living creature kindly. He doesn't know the word "pacifist", but, in essence, he is one. In the man’s worldview there are echoes of Christian commandments. He believes that one must endure all suffering without complaint. Faced with evil in the form of war and captivity, Plato submits to fate and again endures without complaining about it. In a clash with evil on the side of the hero, he inner strength, which helps not to give up and appreciate every moment you live.
The Need for Kindness
- Andrey Sokolov, hero M. Sholokhov's story “The Fate of Man”, life was not spoiling me: war, concentration camp, captivity, loss of loved ones. Sokolov had no reason to live; he gave up on himself. However, the man met an orphan boy, Vanyushka, who had lost his parents. Andrei introduced himself as the father of the child, adopted him and gave them both a chance to escape from melancholy (and even Vanyushka from starvation on the street). Good Deed the hero helped not only the boy, but also himself, to survive together in a cruel and complex world much easier.
- The kindness of Peter Grinev from stories by A.S. Pushkin " Captain's daughter» saved his life. By giving his sheepskin coat to an unknown tramp who helped him find his way in a snowstorm, the hero rendered a service to Emelyan Pugachev, who rebelled against the authorities. The rebel later terrorized the fortresses and fortifications and executed all the officers in them. But Pugachev remembered Grinev’s kindness, let him go, and later even helped to rescue his beloved woman.
Shows of True Kindness
- Sonya Marmeladova, heroine novel by F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment", - truly a kind person. In order to feed her stepmother’s children, she began to sell her body, “went on a yellow ticket.” The father's wife pushed Sonya into this field, but the girl did not harbor a grudge because she was thinking about the hungry children. Marmeladova remained a bright, religious person, despite her studies. When Sonya followed Raskolnikov to hard labor, the prisoners immediately fell in love with her for her kindness. And with her cordiality she led the protagonist to repentance and purification.
- Elena, heroine novel by I.S. Turgenev "On the Eve", from childhood she wished for “active good”: she always helped the poor and sick, for example, at the age of ten she bowed down to the beggar girl Katya. Kindness remained with Elena for the rest of her life. For the sake of her beloved Bulgarian revolutionary Insarov, she left everything in Russia and went to Bulgaria. When her newly-made husband fell ill, she remained with him until the very end, and after his death she decided to continue the work of her beloved.
Nurturing kindness from childhood
- Ilya Ilyich Oblomov from the novel of the same name by I.A. Goncharova grew up in an atmosphere of love and affection. He was not particularly developed or trained, however, according to modern psychologists, he was given the most important thing - parental love. Thanks to her, the hero saw Oblomovka as an ideal, and he himself did not wish harm to anyone. Yes, Ilya Ilyich is an inert and lack of initiative, but completely good-natured man. Unfortunately, without breakthrough qualities, kindness does not really help in life, so upbringing should be harmonious.
- Katerina, heroine dramas A.N. Ostrovsky "The Thunderstorm" got married early. And immediately from her warm home she found herself in the totalitarian atmosphere of her husband’s house. It’s hard for a woman to live in lies and hypocrisy under the leadership of Kabanikha’s mother-in-law, who puts pressure on all household members, imposing the old order on them. At home, Katerina was doted on; she walked with her parents, prayed, and was creative. But all this was without pressure, not under pressure, so it was easy. The heroine grew up kind, with feeling inner freedom. It was all the more difficult for her in her mother-in-law’s house. But it was the kindness learned from childhood that helped Katerina not turn the house into a testing ground and treat her tormentor with respect and respect until the very end. So, she spared Varvara and Tikhon, who treated her well.
The main character of the story “Yushka” is the blacksmith’s poor assistant, Efim. People simply call him Yushka. This young man, due to consumption, early turned into an old man. He was very thin, weak in arms, almost blind, but he worked with all his might. Early in the morning, Yushka was already in the forge, fanning the furnace with fur, carrying water and sand. And so on all day, until the evening. For his work, he was fed cabbage soup, porridge and bread, and instead of tea, Yushka drank water. He was always dressed in old
pants and blouse, burned through with sparks. Parents often told careless students about him: “You will be just like Yushka. You will grow up and walk barefoot in the summer and in thin felt boots in the winter.” Children often offended Yushka on the street, throwing branches and stones at him. The old man was not offended, he calmly walked by. The children didn’t understand why they couldn’t get Yushka mad. They pushed the old man, laughed at him, and were glad that he could not do anything about the offenders. Yushka was also happy. He thought that the children pestered him because they loved him. They cannot express their love in any other way, and that is why they torment the unfortunate old man.
Adults were not much different from children. They called Yushka “blessed”, “animal”. Because of Yushka’s meekness, they became even more bitter and often beat him. One day, after another beating, the blacksmith’s daughter Dasha angrily asked why Yushka even lived in the world. To which he replied that the people love him, the people need him. Dasha objected that people beat Yushka until she bleeds, what kind of love is this. And the old man replied that the people loved him “without a clue”, that “people’s hearts can be blind.” And then one evening a passerby clung to Yushka on the street and pushed the old man so that he fell backward. Yushka never got up again: blood started running down his throat and he died.
And after a while a young girl appeared, she was looking for the old man. It turned out that Yushka placed her, an orphan, with a family in Moscow and then taught her at school. He collected his meager salary, denying himself even tea, just to raise the orphan to his feet. And so the girl trained to be a doctor and came to cure Yushka of his illness. But I didn’t have time. A lot of time has passed. The girl stayed in the city where Yushka lived, worked as a doctor in a hospital, always helped everyone and never took money for treatment. And everyone called her the daughter of the good Yushka.
So at one time people could not appreciate the beauty of this man’s soul; their hearts were blind. They considered Yushka a useless person who had no place on earth. They were able to understand that the old man had not lived his life in vain only after learning about his pupil. Yushka helped a stranger, an orphan. How many are capable of such a noble selfless act? And Yushka saved his pennies so that the girl could grow up, learn, and take advantage of her chance in life. The scales fell from people's eyes only after his death. And now they are already talking about him as “kind” Yushka.
The author urges us not to become callous, not to harden our hearts. Let our heart “see” the need of every person on earth. After all, all people have the right to life, and Yushka also proved that he did not live it in vain.
Vasil Bykov “Sotnikov”, “Obelisk” A striking example moral choice can be found in Vasil Bykov’s work “Sotnikov”. Partisan Sotnikov, faced with a choice between life and death, was not afraid of execution and admitted to the investigator that he was a partisan, and the others had nothing to do with it. Another example can be found in Vasil Bykov’s story “Obelisk”: teacher Moroz, having a choice to stay alive or die along with the students whom he always taught goodness and justice, chooses death, remaining a morally free person.
Arguments for the essay
A. S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter" A hero with high moral qualities is Petrusha Grinev, a character in A. S. Pushkin’s story “The Captain’s Daughter.” Peter did not sully his honor even in those cases when he could have paid for it with his head. He was a highly moral person worthy of respect and pride. He could not leave Shvabrin’s slander against Masha unpunished, so he challenged him to a duel. Shvabrin is the complete opposite of Grinev: he is a person for whom the concept of honor and nobility does not exist at all. He walked over the heads of others, stepping over himself to please his momentary desires.
Happiness
Arguments for the essay
A.I. Solzhenitsyn “One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich” Everyone understands happiness differently. The hero of the story, for example, by A.I. Solzhenitsyn “One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich” recognizes himself as “happy” because he did not end up in a punishment cell, received an extra bowl of soup, did not get sick, but the main thing is that he rejoices in honest work. The writer admires the patience and hard work of the Russian people, who believes in God and hopes for his help.
Evil, good and artistic activity
Arguments for the essay
Akutagawa Ryunosuke "The Torments of Hell" Creates a psychological portrait of the elder artist Yoshihide, very famous in his area - primarily for his terrible, asocial character and corresponding paintings. The only thing that pleases his eyes is his only daughter. One day, the ruler ordered a painting from him depicting Hell and the torment of sinners in it. The old man agreed, however, on the condition that for greater realism he would see the death of a woman in a falling carriage. He was given this opportunity, however, as it turned out later, that woman turned out to be his own daughter. Yoshihide calmly works on the painting, but upon completion, he commits suicide. Thus, it is worth assessing art through morality, but this assessment entirely depends on the actual ideals of the assessing subject. Yoshihide had one value - his daughter, whom he lost because of art.
Does a person have freedom of choice?
Arguments for the essay
V. Zakrutkin "Mother of Man" The main character Maria, having met a wounded enemy (German), was faced with a moral choice: to kill him or not to kill him? for all their atrocities, but it was a boy, his cry of “mother” stopped her, the heroine could not take a desperate step, she managed to stop in time, realizing that the hatred that overwhelmed her would not lead to anything good. V. Rasputin "Farewell to Matera" On the shores of the Angara, the authorities were going to build a dam, which would flood the nearby island, so the population had to move to another place. The main character, old lady Daria, is presented with the right to a moral choice: to leave, or to defend her right to happiness, to life native land.
The attitude of the crowd towards people who stand out from it
Arguments for the essay
Griboyedov "Woe from Wit" Comedy "Woe from Wit" by Griboyedov. Chatsky is a rebel, a rebel, rises up against the crowd, Moscow society of that time. Their habits are wild and alien to him; the morality of society amazes him. He is not afraid to speak his mind. In the monologue “Who are the judges?” its essence is fully revealed. The problem with the crowd is that they do not know how to listen and do not even want to listen to the truth. They consider as “truth” the precepts of their hypocritical fathers, which have long since become obsolete. Mayakovsky's creativity Mayakovsky's work is dedicated to the theme of the confrontation between the hero and the crowd. The crowd is vulgar people living spiritually. They don’t see beauty, they don’t understand real art. The hero is alone in his world. He does not shy away from the crowd, does not hide, but boldly challenges it, ready to fight misunderstandings. For example, in the poem “Could You?” a sharp line has been drawn between “I” and “you”.
National enmity
Arguments for the essay
A. Pristavkin “The golden cloud spent the night” The problem of national enmity is especially acute in A. Pristavkin’s story “The Golden Cloud Spent the Night.” The author shows us the tragic events of the 40s of the twentieth century associated with the resettlement of orphanages to the Caucasus, to territories “liberated” from local residents- Chechens. The revenge of people forcibly evicted from the land of their ancestors falls on innocent people, including children. We see how a brutal murder separates twin brothers Sashka and Kolka Kuzmenysh. It is symbolic that at the end of the story Kolka calls him his brother Chechen boy Alkhuzura. So the author convinces us that all peoples are brothers, that the humane human principle stronger than evil that the government that incites national hatred is committing a crime against humanity and mankind.
Tragedy" little man"
Arguments for the essay
N.V. Gogol "The Overcoat" The problem of the “little man” is most fully revealed by the Russian writer, poet, critic N.V. Gogol. In the story “The Overcoat,” the playwright tells the reader about Akaki Akakievich, a poor titular councilor from St. Petersburg. He carried out his duties zealously and was very fond of manual copying of papers, but in general his role in the department was very insignificant, which is why young officials often laughed at him. In his tragedy of the theft of a new overcoat, the hero does not find a response from society.
Personality in history: Peter I
Arguments for the essay
A.S. Pushkin "The Bronze Horseman" A.S. Pushkin wrote in “The Bronze Horseman”...Nature here destined us to cut a window into Europe... These lines were written about Peter the Great. He is a man who changed the course of history, one of the most outstanding statesmen who determined the direction of Russia's development in the 18th century. Peter launched large-scale reforms of the Russian state, changed the social structure: he cut off the boyars' sleeves and beards. He built the first Russian fleet, thereby protecting the country from the sea. Here he is, that person, that person who did a lot of great and heroic things in his life, who made history. L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace" L.N. Tolstoy denied the possibility of an individual actively influencing history, believing that history is made by the masses and its laws cannot depend on the desire of an individual. He viewed the historical process as a sum made up of “countless human arbitrariness,” that is, the efforts of each person. It is useless to resist the natural course of events, it is in vain to try to play the role of the arbiter of the destinies of mankind. This position of the writer was reflected in the novel “War and Peace”. Using the example of two historical figures: Kutuzov and Napoleon, Tolstoy proves that it is the people who are the creator of history. Millionary masses ordinary people It is not heroes and generals who unconsciously move society forward, create something great and heroic, and create history.
Rudeness
Arguments for the essay
M.A. Bulgakov" dog's heart " The main character of the story M.A. Bulgakov “Heart of a Dog”, Professor Preobrazhensky is a hereditary intellectual and an outstanding medical scientist. He dreams of turning a dog into a human. So Sharikov is born with the heart of a stray dog, the brain of a man with three convictions and a pronounced passion for alcohol. As a result of the operation. the affectionate, albeit cunning Sharik turns into a boorish lumpen, capable of betrayal. Sharikov feels like the master of life, he is arrogant, swaggering, and aggressive. He quickly learns to drink vodka, be rude to the servants, and turn his ignorance into a weapon against the education of the professor. apartment becomes a living hell. Sharikov is an image of a boorish attitude towards people. D.I. Fonvizin “Minor” Outraged by other people's rudeness, people often do not notice that they themselves sometimes behave just as outrageously. Perhaps this can best be seen in the relationship of parents to children. A person’s character is formed in the family, but what kind of person could Mitrofanushka become? He adopted all the vices from his mother: extreme ignorance, rudeness, greed, cruelty, contempt of others, rudeness. Not surprising, because parents are always the main role models for children. And what kind of example could Mrs. Prostakova set for her son if she allowed herself to be rude, rude, and humiliate those around him in front of his eyes? Of course, she loved Mitrofan, but due to this she spoiled him greatly.
False/true values, search for the meaning of life
Arguments for the essay
I. Bunin “Mr. from San Francisco” I. Bunin in the story “The Gentleman from San Francisco” showed the fate of a man who served false values. Wealth was his god, and this god he worshiped. But when the American millionaire died, it turned out that true happiness passed the man by: he died without ever knowing what life was. W. S. Maugham "The Burden of Human Passions" The novel by the famous English writer W. S. Maugham, “The Burden of Human Passions,” touches on one of the most important and burning questions for every person - is there meaning in life, and if so, what is it? The main character of the work, Philip Carey, painfully searches for the answer to this question: in books, in art, in love, in the judgments of friends. One of them, the cynic and materialist Cronshaw, advises him to look at Persian carpets and refuses further explanation. Only years later, having lost almost all his illusions and hopes for the future, Philip understands what he meant and admits that “life has no meaning, and human existence is purposeless. Knowing that nothing makes sense and nothing matters, a person can still find satisfaction in choosing the various threads that he weaves into the endless fabric of life. There is one pattern - the simplest and most beautiful: a person is born, matures, gets married, gives birth to children, works for a piece of bread and dies; but there are other, more intricate and amazing patterns, where there is no place for happiness or the desire for success - perhaps some kind of alarming beauty is hidden in them.”
Self-realization, aspirations
Arguments for the essay
And A. Goncharov “Oblomov” Good, kind, talented person Ilya Oblomov was unable to overcome himself, his laziness and promiscuity, and did not reveal his best traits. The absence of a high purpose in life leads to moral death. Even love could not save Oblomov. U.S. Maugham "The Razor's Edge" In his late novel The Razor's Edge, W.S. Maugham_draws life path young American Larry, who spent half his life reading books, and the other half in travel, work, search and self-improvement. His image stands out clearly against the background of young people of his circle, wasting their lives and extraordinary abilities on the fulfillment of fleeting whims, on entertainment, on a carefree existence in luxury and idleness. Larry chose his own path and, not paying attention to the misunderstanding and reproach of loved ones, sought the meaning of life in hardships, wanderings and wanderings around the world. He devoted himself entirely to the spiritual principle in order to achieve enlightenment of the mind, purification of the spirit, and discover the meaning of the universe. D. London "Martin Eden" The main character of the novel of the same name by the American writer Jack London, Martin Eden, is a working guy, a sailor, coming from the lower classes, about 21 years old, and meets Ruth Morse, a girl from a wealthy bourgeois family. Ruth begins to teach the semi-literate Martin the correct pronunciation. English words and awakens his interest in literature. Martin learns that magazines pay decent fees to the authors who publish in them, and firmly decides to make a career as a writer, earn money and become worthy of his new acquaintance, with whom he has fallen in love. Martin is putting together a self-improvement program, working on his language and pronunciation, and reading a lot of books. Iron health and unbending will move him towards his goal. In the end, after going through a long and thorny path, after numerous refusals and disappointments, he becomes a famous writer. (Then he becomes disillusioned with literature, his beloved, people in general and life, loses interest in everything and commits suicide. This is just in case. An argument in favor of the fact that fulfilling a dream does not always bring happiness) Scientific facts If a shark stops moving its fins, it will sink to the bottom like a stone; a bird, if it stops flapping its wings, will fall to the ground. Likewise, a person, if his aspirations, desires, goals fade away, will collapse to the bottom of life, he will be sucked into the thick quagmire of gray everyday life. A river that stops flowing turns into a stinking swamp. Likewise, a person who stops searching, thinking, striving, loses the “beautiful impulses of his soul”, gradually degrades, his life becomes aimless, miserable vegetation.
Self-sacrifice
Arguments for the essay
M. Gorky “Old Woman Izergil” In the story of the Russian writer, prose writer and playwright Maxim Gorky, “The Old Woman Ivergil,” the image of Danko is striking. This is a romantic hero who sacrificed himself for the sake of people. Danko was “the best of all, because a lot of strength and living fire shone in his eyes.” He led people through the forest with calls to defeat the darkness. But weak people During the journey they began to lose heart and die. Then they accused Danko of mismanaging them. He overcame indignation and in the name of his great love He tore open his chest to the people, took out his burning heart and ran forward, holding it like a torch. People ran after him and overcame the difficult road. And then they forgot their hero. And Danko died. F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment" In his work “Crime and Punishment” F.M. Dostoevsky addresses the theme of self-sacrifice for the sake of saving someone else’s soul, revealing it using the example of the image of Sonechka Marmeladova. Sonya is a poor girl from a dysfunctional family who follows Raskolnikov to hard labor in order to share his burden and fill him with spirituality. Out of compassion and a sense of high social responsibility, Sonya goes to live “on a yellow ticket,” thus earning bread for her family. People like Sonya, who have “infinitely insatiable compassion,” are still found today. (another option) Self-sacrifice, compassion, sensitivity and mercy are a controversial issue. This is clearly visible in the work of the great Russian playwright F. M. Dostoevsky “Crime and Punishment.” His two heroines, Sonechka Marmeladova and Dunya Raskolnikova, sacrifice themselves in the name of the people dear to them. The first sells her own body, thus earning bread for her family. The girl suffers severely, is ashamed of herself and her life, but even refuses to commit suicide, because she understands that her family will be lost without her. And the family gratefully accepts her sacrifice, practically idolizes Sonya, her self-sacrifice goes for the good. The second is going to marry a low, vile, but rich man in order to help her beggar brother.
Compassion, love for one's neighbor
Arguments for the essay
A.I. Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin's yard" In the story “Matryonin’s Dvor” by the Russian writer, Nobel Prize winner in literature A.I. Solzhenitsyn is struck by the image of the peasant woman Matryona, her humanity, selflessness, compassion and love for everyone, even strangers. Matryona “helped strangers for free”, but she herself “didn’t chase after the acquisition”: she didn’t start “good”, didn’t try to get a tenant. Her mercy is especially evident in the situation with the upper room. She allowed her house (where she lived all her life) to be dismantled into logs for the sake of her pupil Kira, who had nowhere to live. The heroine sacrifices everything for the sake of others: the country, neighbors, relatives. And after her quiet death, a description arises of the cruel behavior of her relatives, who are simply overwhelmed by greed. Thanks to her spiritual qualities, Matryona made this world a better and kinder place, sacrificing herself and her life. Boris Vasiliev “My horses are flying...” In the work “My Horses Are Flying...” Boris Vasiliev tells a story about a wonderful man - Doctor Jansen. Out of compassion, the doctor, at the cost of his life, saved the children who had fallen into the sewer pit! L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace" Having been captured, Pierre Bezukhov met there a simple soldier Platon Karataev. Plato, despite his suffering, lived lovingly with everyone: with the French, with his comrades. It was he who, with his mercy, helped Pierre find faith and taught him to value life. M. Sholokhov “The Fate of Man The story tells about the tragic fate of a soldier who lost all his relatives during the war. One day he met an orphan boy and decided to call himself his father. This act suggests that love and the desire to do good give a person strength to live. F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment" Out of compassion, Raskolnikov gives his last money for Marmeladov’s funeral.
Ingratitude of children, parental love
Arguments for the essay
A. S. Pushkin “Station Warden” Samson Vyrin, the main character of the story, has a daughter, Dunya, whom he dotes on. But a passing hussar, who has his eye on the girl, tricks her into taking her away from her father’s house. When Samson finds his daughter, she is already married, well dressed, lives much better than him and does not want to return. Samson returns to his station, where he subsequently drinks himself and dies. Three years later, the narrator drives through those places and sees the grave of the caretaker, and a local boy tells him that in the summer a lady came with three young children and cried for a long time at his grave. F.M. Dostoevsky "Humiliated and Insulted" Natasha, the heroine of the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky's "Humiliated and Insulted", betrays his family by running away from home with his lover. The girl’s father, Nikolai Ikhmenev, is sensitive to her leaving for the son of his enemy, considering it a shame, and curses his daughter. Rejected by her father and having lost her beloved, Natasha is deeply worried - she has lost everything that was valuable in her life: her good name, honor, love and family. However, Nikolai Ikhmenev still madly loves his daughter, no matter what, and after much mental anguish, at the end of the story, he finds the strength to forgive her. In this example, we see that parental love is the strongest, selfless and forgiving. D. I. Fonvizin “Minor” Despite the fact that Mrs. Prostakova is a rude, greedy landowner, she loves her only son Mitrofan and is ready to do anything for him. But the son turns away from her at the most tragic moment. This example shows us that parents try to do everything for the benefit of their children. But children, unfortunately, cannot always appreciate and understand this. A. S. Griboedov “Woe from Wit” The Russian writer A. S. Griboedov did not ignore the problem of fathers and children in his work “Woe from Wit.” The comedy traces Famusov's relationship with his daughter Sophia. Famusov, of course, loves his daughter and wishes her happiness. But he understands happiness in his own way: happiness for him is money. He accustoms his daughter to the idea of profit and thereby commits a real crime, because Sophia can become like Molchalin, who adopted only one principle from her father: to seek profit wherever possible. The fathers tried to teach their children about life, in their instructions they conveyed to them what was most important and significant for themselves.
Generation Conflict
Arguments for the essay
I. S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons” The novel by the Russian writer I. S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons.” We see a conflict of generations in the relationship between Bazarov and his parents. The main character has very contradictory feelings towards them: on the one hand, he admits that he loves his parents, on the other, he despises the “stupid life of his fathers.” What alienates Bazarov from his parents is, first of all, his beliefs. If in Arkady Kirsanov we see superficial contempt for the older generation, caused more by the desire to imitate a friend, and not coming from within, then with Bazarov everything is different. This is his position in life. With all this, we see that it was to the parents that their son Evgeniy was truly dear. The old Bazarovs love Evgeny very much, and this love softens their relationship with their son, the lack of mutual understanding. It is stronger than other feelings and lives even when main character dies.
Teacher influence
Arguments for the essay
In the story by V.G. Rasputin "French Lessons" An ordinary rural boy is forced by hard fate and hunger to contact local boys and start gambling for money. Having found out that the child is malnourished and has no other way to get the funds he needs, a young French teacher, Lidia Mikhailovna, invites the boy to take additional French classes. But this is only a plausible excuse. In reality, she strives to somehow help a child who finds himself in a difficult situation, but out of pride he refuses to have dinner with his teacher and indignantly returns the parcel of food to her. Then she offers to play with her for money, knowing for sure that he will beat her, receive his treasured ruble and buy the milk that he so needs. She deliberately commits a crime from a pedagogical point of view, breaks all existing rules for the sake of her student, showing genuine philanthropy and unostentatious courage. The school director, however, considered playing with a student a crime, seduction, and fired Lydia Mikhailovna. Having gone to her home in Kuban, the woman did not forget the boy and sent him a parcel to school with food and even apples, which the boy had never tried, but had only seen in pictures.
Globalization, technical and scientific progress, their impact on individuals and society
Arguments for the essay
E.I. Zamyatin - Russian writer of the early 19th, late 20th centuries “We” In the novel “We” by Evgeny Ivanovich Zamyatin, the main character, D-503, describes his life in the totalitarian “Unified State”. He talks enthusiastically about the mathematics-based organization and community life. The author in his work warns people about the harmful influence of scientific and technological progress, about its worst sides, that scientific and technical progress will destroy morality and human feelings, since they are not amenable to scientific analysis. M.A. Bulgakov - Russian Soviet writer and 20th century playwright "Fatal Eggs" The problem of scientific and technological progress is reflected in M. Bulgakov’s story “Fatal Eggs”. Pursuing only his own goals, Professor Rokk thoughtlessly uses Persikov’s invention and raises giant reptiles, ostriches. In this ridiculous catastrophe, Rocca's wife Manya, thousands of people and Persikov himself die. M. Bulgakov “Heart of a Dog” The problem of interaction between people and nature is also reflected in literature. In M. Bulgakov’s story “The Heart of a Dog,” Professor Preobrazhensky performs an operation to transform a dog into a human. In the work, the reader sees how the pretty dog Sharik turns into the disgusting Sharikov. “The moral of this fable is this” - you cannot interfere with the natural processes of nature without predicting the nature of the consequences.
Memory of the heroic deeds of soldiers
Arguments for the essay
K. Simonov The poet Konstantin Simonov, who during the war worked as a correspondent for the Krasnaya Zvezda newspaper and was constantly in the active army, writes: “Don’t forget about the soldiers who fought with all their might, moaned in bandages in the medical battalions and so hoped for peace!” I am sure that none of those soldiers about whom Simonov wrote will ever be forgotten, and their feat will forever remain in the memory of posterity.
Arguments for the essay
M.A. Sholokhov “The Fate of Man” The main character, Andrei Sokolov, fought to save his homeland and all humanity from fascism, losing relatives and comrades. He suffered the most difficult trials at the front. The hero was hit by news of the tragic death of his wife, two daughters, and son. But Andrei Sokolov is a Russian soldier of unbending will, who endured everything! He found the strength in himself to accomplish not only a military, but also a moral feat, adopting a boy whose parents were taken away by the war. A soldier in the terrible conditions of the war, under the onslaught of enemy force he remained human and did not break. This is the real feat. It was only thanks to such people that our country won a very difficult fight against fascism. Vasiliev “And the dawns here are quiet” Rita Osyanina, Zhenya Komelkova, Lisa Brichkina, Sonya Gurvich, Galya Chetvertak and Sergeant Major Vaskov, the main characters of the work, showed real courage, heroism, and moral restraint while fighting for their Motherland. More than once they could save their lives; they just had to give up their own conscience a little. However, the heroes were sure: they couldn’t retreat, they had to fight to the end: “Don’t give the Germans a single scrap... No matter how hard it is, no matter how hopeless it is, to hold on...”. These are the words true patriot. All the characters in the story are shown acting, fighting, dying in the name of saving the Motherland. It was these people who forged the victory of our country in the rear, resisted the invaders in captivity and occupation, and fought at the front. Boris Polevoy "The Tale of a Real Man" Everyone knows the immortal work of Boris Polevoy “The Tale of a Real Man”. At the heart of the dramatic story - real facts biography of fighter pilot Alexei Meresyev. Shot down in battle over occupied territory, he made his way through secluded forests for three weeks until he ended up with the partisans. Having lost both legs, the hero subsequently shows amazing strength of character and adds to his tally of aerial victories over the enemy.
Love to motherland
Arguments for the essay
S. Yesenin, poem “Rus” The theme of love for the homeland permeates the work of S. Yesenin: “But most of all, Love for my native land tormented, tormented and burned me.” Wishing with all his soul to help the Fatherland in difficult times, the poet writes the poem “Rus”, in which the voice of the people’s anger is heard. Yesenin fully reveals the theme of love for the Fatherland: “If the holy army shouts: “Throw away Rus', live in paradise!” I will say: “There is no need for paradise, Give me my homeland.” A. Blok A. Blok's lyrics are filled with a very special love for Russia. He spoke about his homeland with infinite tenderness, his poems are full of sincere hope that his fate and the fate of Russia are inseparable: “Russia, poor Russia, Your gray huts are to me, Your wind songs are to me, Like the first tears of love!..” Legend There is a legend that one day the wind decided to knock down a mighty oak tree that grew on a hill. But the oak only bent under the blows of the wind. Then the wind asked the majestic oak tree: “Why can’t I defeat you?” The oak replied that it was not the trunk that was holding it up. Its strength lies in the fact that it is rooted in the ground and clings to it with its roots. This simple story expresses the idea that love for the motherland, a deep connection with national history, with the cultural experience of their ancestors makes the people invincible. Blok, “Sin shamelessly, uncontrollably” The lines of the poem trace Russian everyday life, reflecting the dullness and inertia of its social system. The main idea is contained in the lines: Yes, and so, my Russia, You are dearer to me than anyone else. What a strong feeling the poet has for his native land! He believes that a true patriot must love Russia as it is. Despite the imperfections of their country, its troubles and difficulties, everyone needs to experience bright feelings for it. This example of sincere and selfless love for the Motherland may help someone take a different look at their father’s home.
Language is a mirror of the life of a people. What an important role he plays! It is impossible to do without it in any sphere of human activity: its enormous importance is obvious everywhere. Every nation has its own language, and the Russian language is one of the most wonderful, which will be confirmed by the words of many classics of our literature. However, under the influence of life, language changes along with it, and not always for the better.
In her text, Taisiya Vasilievna Zharova raises the problem of preserving the Russian language. Reflecting on it, she draws attention to the fact that “in a short period of time, words that previously related only to specific environment. The author also notes that our language is an interesting phenomenon for observation by linguists and writers, but it is replete with not only foreign words, but also criminal vocabulary, and the words that the classics used have “gone temporarily” and “are waiting for brighter days.”
It is impossible to disagree with this idea; its confirmation can be found in various articles about language or by analyzing the works of Russian classics.
Thus, recalling Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy’s epic novel “War and Peace,” most readers realize what pleasure the reading process itself gives, not to mention interesting story and heroes who have become loved. Reading the work, you realize how beautiful native language and how much you can use it to tell, to describe, which is what Leo Tolstoy masterfully does. In Russian words, he describes the era of that time, and we see all its features and sides without illustrations, simply by reading the words. And how precisely the beauty and with it the depravity of Helen are conveyed with the help of our language! How beautiful we imagine the summer night in Otradnoye and the blooming oak tree that Andrei Bolkonsky encountered! The Russian language, in which the classics wrote and spoke, is great, it can convey everything, it is truly rich without unnecessary borrowings.
About the need to protect our great language Writers who are far from the classics also say in their articles. For example, the Soviet translator Nora Gal in the article “The Living and the Dead Word” or the Russian linguist Maxim Krongauz in the article “The Russian language is on the verge of a nervous breakdown.” Both authors are concerned about the fate of the Russian language, as every Russian should be concerned. Nora Gal says that often in Everyday life official language and borrowings from other languages are unjustifiably and immoderately used, suggesting that our great language should sound worthy. Maxim Krongauz writes that language should change with life and it does, but some changes are only detrimental to it, and the language must be preserved and protected.
So, our language is great, and “there are no such sounds, colors, images and thoughts - complex and simple - for which there would not be an exact expression in our language,” as K. G. Paustovsky wrote. It is necessary to protect the Russian language, preserving its greatness for future generations.
Updated: 2017-06-20
Attention!
Thank you for your attention.
If you notice an error or typo, highlight the text and click Ctrl+Enter.
By doing so, you will provide invaluable benefit to the project and other readers.
