Last name, first name _____________________________________.
The center of education was created in ________ by M.V. Lomonosov and I.I. Shuvalov ____________________university.
In _________ The Academy of ______________________ was established.
In 1764, the _______________________Institute of Noble Maidens was founded for noble daughters.
An outstanding Russian scientist of the 18th century is ____________________ (1711–1765).
The creation of the Academy of Sciences in 1725 attracted European scientists to Russia: mathematicians ___________, _________________. The students of the Academy were: mathematician and astronomer ______________________________, naturalist and ethnographer _____________________, philosopher _______________________.
Published Atlas Russian Empire" ___________________ developed the basics of agronomy. In 1741, a sea expedition ______________________explored the northwestern coast of America.
The historian _____________________ wrote “Russian history from the most ancient times.”
Mechanic ______________ built the first steam engine.
He developed projects for an elevator, a “self-running stroller,” and a 298-meter single-arch bridge across the Neva.
The mechanic ________________ designed the world's first screw-cutting lathe.
Foundry masters ________________manufactured the “Tsar Bell” weighing 200 tons.
Architect _______________________ built the Peter and Paul Fortress in St. Petersburg.
Created sculptural composition"Empress Anna Ioannovna with a little black boy."
The following architects worked in the style of classicism: ______________ (Pashkov House), ________________ (Tavrichesky Palace), _______________ (the Senate building in the Kremlin, Moscow University, the house of the Dolgoruky princes - “House of Unions”).
Sculptor __________________ - created a monument to Peter I (“ Bronze Horseman»),
The sculptor ___________________ created a monument to Suvorov on the Champ de Mars.
The talent of the wonderful serf actress shone at the Sheremetev Theater... _______________
The largest Russian enlighteners of the 18th century were: 1) I. Kulibin, I. Polzunov; 2) F. Rokotov, D. Levitsky; 3) N. Novikov, A. Radishchev; 4) V. Bazhenov, M. Kazakov.
Match the names of Russian inventors with the names of their inventions.
INVENTORS OF INVENTIONS
1) I.P. Kulibin A) steam engine
2) I.I. Polzunov B) optical telegraph (semaphore)
3) K.D. Frolov V) radio
4) A.K. Nartov G) hydraulic machine
D) machines for drilling gun barrels
See continuation of test 22
CONTINUATION TEST 22
Russian artist XVIII in.: 1) A.I. Kuindzhi 2) A.A. Ivanov 3) V.G. Perov 4) A.P. Losenko 5) N.K. Roerich.
Russian writer of the late 18th - early 19th centuries.
1) G.R. Derzhavin 2) N.V. Gogol 3) P.A. Fedotov 4) M.F. Kazakov 5) G.F. Miller.
One of the trends in literature and art XVIII century, distinguished by its appeal to the ancient heritage as a model, is called
Indicate the correct sequence of construction of architectural monuments: A) Pashkov House in Moscow B) St. Sophia Cathedral in Kyiv; B) Assumption Cathedral in Vladimir-on-Klyazma;
D) Church of the Ascension in Kolomenskoye; D) Church of the Intercession in Fili in Moscow.
Arrange the following architectural monuments in the chronological order of creation.
Winter Palace in St. Petersburg; -Assumption Cathedral in Vladimir; -Novodevichy Convent in Moscow; - St. Sophia Cathedral in Kyiv; -St. Basil's Cathedral in Moscow
Artist 2nd floor. XVIII century: 1) V.G. Perov; 2) G.G. Myasoedov; 3) P.A. Fedotov; 4) D. G. Levitsky.
Determine the genre of the painting by late 18th century artist Mikhail Ivanov by its title: “An olive tree with fittings hanging on it, under which military men, shepherds and shepherdesses are having fun.” (Its full name: “An olive tree on which are hung cuirasses, scrips and other military signs with the name of Her Majesty on them, and under them are several military men and shepherds with shepherdesses playing their instruments and having fun, decorated with sunshine, forest , fields and streams").
Answer: -realism, -sentimentalism, -classicism, -modernism
Russian poet second half of the XVIII in.: 1) A.P. Sumarokov 2) D.G. Levitsky 3) A.A. Alyabyev 4) V.G. Perov 5) A.P. Fet.
Fill in the blanks: The story (title) __________________________ caused a shock in Russia and turned (author's surname) _________________________________ into the most popular writer. The pond in which ___________________ allegedly drowned became the site mass suicides girls who are disappointed in love. The police even had to cordon off the pond, which is why the epigram arose:
“Here Erast’s bride threw herself into the pond,
Drown yourself, girls, there’s plenty of room in the pond!”
Russian culture of the 18th century.
1. The legislative act of Peter I on the reform of church governance and the subordination of the church to the state was called:
a) “Table of Ranks”,
b) “Decree on unified inheritance”,
c) “Spiritual regulations”,
d) "Order".
2. Match the names of the sculptors with their works:
1 F. I. Shubin a) “The Bronze Horseman”
2 M.I. Kozlovsky b) “Minin and Pozharsky”
3 I. P. Martos c) “Samson...”
4 E.M. Falcone d) “A. V. Suvorov"
e) “Bust of M.V. Lomonosov”
3. What was the name of the first Russian printed newspaper:
a) “Izvestia”,
b) “Chimes”,
c) “Vedomosti”?
4. Name state document, which determined the order of civil, military and court service for nobles.
5. Name the first Russian book that taught the rules of good manners:
A) “Butts, how to write compliments”,
b) “Symbols and emblems”,
c) “An honest mirror of youth.”
6. Buildings of St. Petersburg from the time of Peter the Great, preserved to this day (find the odd one out and underline):
Building of 12 Collegiums, Shlisselburg Fortress, Menshikov Summer Palace, Hermitage Palace, Peter and Paul Cathedral, Kunstkamera, Peter and Paul Fortress.
7. Name the scientist who revived the forgotten art of mosaic in Rus':
a) Kulibin
b) Lomonosov
c) Tatishchev
8. Under Elizabeth Petrovna, three decrees were issued that had great importance for Russian culture, remember their names:
a)1755,
b) 1756,
c) 1757
9. The main features of classicism (find the odd one):
a) Liberation from religious and church morality,
b) Rationalism,
c) Appeal to antiquity,
d) Dynamism,
e) Strict regulation of the creative process.
10. The main goals of the “Enlightenment” (to find the superfluous):
a) Introduction of fair laws,
b) Education of the nation,
c) Propaganda national idea,
Propaganda of the great truths of freedom.
11.In the 18th century, historical knowledge developed. Famous historians were (find the odd one):
F. Polikarpov, G. Miller, N. Novikov, A. Mankiev, L. Schlötzer, K. Kavelin, M. Lomonosov.
12. Match the names of scientists with their achievements:
1 Shelikhov G.I. a) founder of epidemiology;
2 Samoilovich D.S. b) description of the Aleutian Islands;
3 Kulibin I.P. c) universal steam engine;
4 Polzunov I.I. d) father of domestic astronomy;
5 Razumovsky S. Ya. d) single-arch wooden bridge across the Neva,
prosthetics for the disabled
13. About whom we're talking about?
He was a poet, playwright and classicist theorist. He wrote 9 tragedies and 12 comedies; he is rightfully considered the creator of Russian theater. His most famous tragedies: “Dmitry the Pretender”, “Khorev”. This man published the first Russian literary magazine, Hardworking Bee.
14. In the last quarter of the 18th century, the formation of a national school of composition in Russia began. Match the composers and music genres:
1 Kozlovsky O. A. a) spiritual choral singing
2 Bortnyansky D. S. b) lyrical song
3 Fomin E.I. c) opera
4 Sokolovsky M. M.
5 Berezovsky M. S.
15. Name the term:
The style and direction in literature and art, which turned to the ancient heritage as a norm and ideal, was based on the ideas of rationalism, on ideas about the rational laws of the world, proclaimed sublime heroic and moral ideals, strove for a strict organization of images, pursued an educational program for art.
16. Match the names of famous travelers and their discoveries:
1 Krasheninnikov S.P. a) Northern Sea Route
2 Laptev brothers b) description of Kamchatka
3 Atlasov V. c) expedition to Siberia and Far East
4 Krylov I. A. d) “Felitsa”
5 Derzhavin G. R. d) “Philomena”
Thanks for the work!
Key
1 – in
2 1 –d; 2 – c, d; 3 – b; 4 – a.
3 – in
4 “Table of ranks”
5 – in
6 - Summer Palace of Menshikov
7 – b
8 a) – opening of Moscow University
b) - opening of the theater
c) – opening of the Academy of Arts
9 – g
10 – a
11 – N. Novikov
12 1- b; 2 – a; 3 – d; 4 – in; 5 – g
13 Sumarokov
14 1- b; 2 – a; 3 – d; 4 – in; 5 – a
15 classicism
16 1- in; 2 – a; 3 – b; 4 – d; 5 – g
36 – 32 points = “5”
31 – 27 points = “4”
26 – 22 points = “3”
21 points or less = “2”
In Russian culture of the 18th century. Significant changes are taking place, which are determined by fundamental transformations in the socio-economic sphere, in the life and way of life of the people. The main influence is exerted by the fact that a capitalist structure is being formed in the country’s economy.
The 18th century prepared a powerful rise of Russian culture in XIX century, which is called the “golden age” of Russian culture.
In the second half of the 18th century. V field of education In Russia, two trends that had emerged under Peter I continued to develop: expansion of the network educational institutions, increasing number public schools and consolidation of the principle of class education, expansion of the network of educational institutions for nobles.
The center of Russian education became University of Moscow, created on the initiative of M. V. Lomonosov. The decree on the establishment of Moscow University with two gymnasiums (noble and common) was signed in 1755. Elizaveta Petrovna. In fact, this meant the creation of the first Russian university. All documents were prepared by Lomonosov, who ensured that teaching was conducted in Russian. The university had 3 faculties: philosophy, law, and medicine. Serfs were not allowed to be students. In 1757 was opened in St. Petersburg Academy of Arts- higher education institution in the region plastic arts, which did a lot for the development of Russian painting and sculpture. In 1783 open Russian Academy- scientific center for the study of Russian language and literature.
IN mid-18th century V. a system began to take shape in the country secondary school. It was planned to introduce three types of educational institutions - small, medium and main public schools. IN provincial cities main four-year schools were created, in county towns- small two-class. The children of peasants, artisans, soldiers, and sailors were taught here. The main textbooks were “Grammar” by M. Smotritsky, “The First Teaching of Lines” by F. Prokopovich, “Arithmetic” by L. Magnitsky, ABC, Book of Hours, Psalter. Children of the Orthodox clergy studied in 66 theological seminaries. Noble children received education in closed noble educational institutions: private boarding schools, gentry corps - or were taught at home. More than 20 schools - mining, medical, navigation, commercial - provided special education.
In 1764 The first women's educational institution is created"Educational Society for Noble Maidens" at the Smolny Monastery in St. Petersburg. For 12 years the girls from noble families trained foreign languages
, arithmetic, history, music, dancing, home economics, etc. The Catherine Institute was opened in Moscow for bourgeois women. All activities in the field of education were associated with the name of I. I. Betsky, who headed the Academy of Arts, Cadet Corps , Smolny Institute. He believed that through education it was possible to create a new breed of people. To give to children a good education
The center of scientific thought in Russia since 1725. becomes the Academy of Sciences. Its first members were foreign scientists: the great mathematicians L. Euler, I. Bernoulli. But there were also many rogues among the foreigners: the librarian Schumacher or the historian Bayer, the creator of the Norman theory about the origin of the Russian state. Since the mid-60s, the expeditionary activities of the Academy of Sciences have gained wide scope. Geographers, ethnographers, and naturalists traveled across the vast expanses of European Russia and Siberia. Ethnographer S.P. Krasheninnikov in 1757 made up"Description of the land of Kamchatka"
, where he collected information about nature, the population, their way of life and rituals. In the 18th century the first works on history are created Russian state . V.N. Tatishchev is called the “Father of Russian history”. He collected a huge number of documents, collated many chronicle materials, and provided them with geographical, ethnographic, and chronological notes. The entire “Russian History...” was published in the second half of the 1760s, when its author was no longer alive. Great contribution to the development social sciences
and the development of Russian history, historiography, etc. was contributed by historians M. M. Shcherbatov and I. N. Boltin. An outstanding encyclopedist and educator was Mikhail Vasilievich Lomonosov (1711-1765). Lomonosov showed versatility scientific interests . The scientist was engaged in research in mathematics, physics, chemistry, astronomy, geology, biology, and linguistics. Through his efforts, the first chemical laboratory in Russia was created, where the technology for producing colored glasses and tar for mosaics was developed, and research in physical chemistry was conducted. Lomonosov was the first in our country to create atomic doctrine, on the basis of which he was able to develop the so-called physical picture peace. With his works he laid the foundation for natural sciences in Russia. In "Ancient Russian history
» Lomonosov outlined ideas about the origin of the name and people of Russia. Lomonosov's greatest merit lies in the fact that he was, is and will remain the first Russian poet. In the second half of the 18th century. In Russian literature, as well as in culture as a whole, classicism was established, the ideological basis of which was the struggle for a powerful statehood under the auspices of autocratic power. Classicism was formed in all countries as absolutism. Russian classicism was characterized by strong educational tendencies, the pathos of citizenship, and accusatory motives. The aesthetics of classicism established a hierarchy of genres - “high” (tragedy, epic, ode) and “low” (comedy, satire, fable, etc.). M. V. Lomonosov, A. P. Sumarokov, A. D. Kantemir, Ya. B. Knyazhnin, V. K. Trediakovsky, M. M. worked in the style of classicism in literature. Kheraskov.
One of the largest and most prominent representatives of Russian classicism was the poet G. R. Derzhavin. His odes “Themis”, “Nobleman” and others are imbued with the idea of strong statehood and at the same time include a satire on nobles, civil lyrics, philosophical reflections, everyday sketches, landscapes. Derzhavin played an exceptional role in the formation of Russian literature and the development of the language.
D. I. Fonvizin’s comedies “The Brigadier” and “The Minor” were extremely popular. In the comedy “The Brigadier,” the writer satirically depicts the morals of the Russian nobility and their passion for everything French. In “The Minor” the author directly names the cause of all evil Russian life - serfdom, denounces the system of noble upbringing and education, creates typical images of the landowners-serfs Prostakovs, Skotinins and the ignorant ignoramus Mitrofanushka, which later became household names.
In the middle of the 18th century. Russian architecture is still dominated by the Baroque style. St. Petersburg becomes a city of palaces. V. Rastrelli erects his masterpieces in the Baroque style:
The Great Palace in Tsarskoe Selo, the Winter Palace, the Smolny Monastery, the Stroganov Palace. Monumentality, splendor, fancy lines of facades, stucco decorations of walls, abundance of columns, round, oval windows - character traits Russian Baroque.
In the second half of the 18th century. Baroque is being replaced by classicism, for which the model of artistic perfection was antique art. The architectural creations of classicism are characterized by simplicity and grandeur, reasonable design of buildings, symmetry of compositions and harmony of proportions. The founders of Russian classicism in architecture were V. I. Bazhenov (Pashkov House in Moscow, project of the Grand Kremlin Palace, palace ensemble in Tsaritsyn), M. F. Kazakov (Moscow University, Senate building in the Moscow Kremlin, Column Hall of the Noble Assembly, 1- I City Hospital), I. E. Starov (Tavrichesky Palace. Trinity Cathedral of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra).
A new phenomenon in Russian fine arts this period- sculptural portrait. A prominent representative in this area was the talented Russian sculptor F. I. Shubin, who created a gallery of psychologically expressive sculptural portraits of A. M. Golitsyn, M. R. Panina, I. G. Orlov, M. V. Lomonosov. Representatives of classicism were sculptors - F. F. Shchedrin, M. I. Kozlovsky. In 1782, a monument to Peter I was solemnly opened in St. Petersburg - the famous “Bronze Horseman” by the sculptor E. Falcone.
Second half of the 18th century. - the heyday of Russian portraiture, which produced a number of outstanding portrait artists - A. P. Antropov, I. P. Argunov, F. S. Rokotov, D. G. Levitsky, V. L. Borovikovsky. The development of Russian painting and sculpture was greatly facilitated by the Academy of Arts, opened in 1757.
In 1756
The first professional theater in Russia was established in St. Petersburg, the basis of which was a troupe of Yaroslavl actors led by F.G. Volkov. Volkov’s successor and his friend I. A. Dmitrievsky did a lot for the development of Russian theater. Thus, culture and public life Russia in the second half of the 18th century. reflect the fundamental transformations taking place in the socio-economic sphere. The ideas of the Enlightenment had a noticeable impact on public life in general. This is the period when natural sciences begin to develop in Russia, the formation of Russian literary language
. The richness and diversity of the cultural process in the second half of the 18th century. paved the way for the “golden age” of Russian culture in the 19th century. The 18th century is called the era of European Enlightenment. The great philosophers Voltaire, Montesquieu, Kant believed that social life is not subject to God, but to natural laws. Historical progress - main idea
Enlightenment. In Russia, the ideas of the Enlightenment became widespread; Catherine II herself was keen on them (until about the 70s, before Pugachev’s uprising). Enlightenment is an anti-feudal ideology of the era of transition from feudalism to capitalism, which arose in Russia in the 60s of the 18th century, when social contradictions in the country reached a certain urgency, and issues of relations between landowners and peasants came to the fore. At the first stage, Russian educators, sharply criticizing serfdom, advocated only mitigation and limitation of the most blatant manifestations of serfdom. At the same time, they pinned all their hopes on the omnipotence of enlightenment and an enlightened monarch. At the second stage, in the 80-90s, educators advocated the abolition of serfdom as. True, in late XVIII c., frightened by the uprising of E. I. Pugachev and the revolution in France, the enlighteners abandoned the revolutionary struggle against absolutism.
A major educator of the second half of the 18th century. was N.I. Novikov, comes from a wealthy landowner family. In 1767, he became a “scribe” in one of the departments of the Commission of Deputies convened by Catherine II to draw up a new Code. While keeping the minutes of the Commission, he received rich material about the state of affairs in landowner Russia and used it later in his publishing activities. In the 70s, Novikov published the satirical magazines Truten, Pustomelya, Wallet, and Zhivopiets in St. Petersburg. He ridiculed human weaknesses and vices; it is no coincidence that the landowners in his works have such expressive surnames - Nedoumov, Zmeyanov, Zloradov; denounced their ignorance, greed, and hypocrisy. But Novikov did not rise to the idea of abolishing serfdom, realized by the brightest minds of his time. After moving to Moscow, Novikov organized a printing company, published the newspaper “Moskovskie Vedomosti”, the magazine “Moscow Monthly Edition” and hundreds of books in all branches of knowledge. At one time, up to a third of all books printed in Russia came out of his printing houses. They dispersed throughout the country, forming new tastes, views, and ideas for Russian society.
But in 1792 Novikov was arrested, tried and sentenced first to death penalty, and then to 15 years in prison. The reason was Novikov’s membership in the Masonic movement in Russia. The investigation tried to identify harmful political intentions among Russian Freemasons in general, and among Novikov in particular. They were accused of having connections with foreign countries and attempting to involve the heir to the throne in the Freemasons. But in fact, Novikov was convicted for religious beliefs that differ from generally accepted ones. Paul I, who ascended the throne, freed him, and for more than 20 years Novikov lived in his family estate, where he died.
The second stage in the development of enlightenment in Russia is closely connected with the name of the Russian revolutionary thinker and writer A. N. Radishchev. Radishchev was well acquainted with the works of great figures of French educational philosophy. His worldview was strongly influenced by the peasant war led by Pugachev. In 1781-1783 he creates the ode “Liberty”, where his revolutionary convictions directed against the government and tsarism are fully manifested. Radishchev glorifies the people's revolution, believes that the “longed-for time” will come when the people, who have received their sight, will rise up and “crush” the predatory wolf - the Russian autocrat. In the 1780s, Radishchev worked on his main work, “Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow,” which he printed in a home printing house in a circulation of 650 copies, without indicating the author’s name; only 25 copies of this number were sold. But Radishchev’s book immediately attracted attention and aroused, according to informed contemporaries, “great curiosity.”
Reflected in “The Journey...” wide circle ideas of the Russian Enlightenment. Radishchev not only clearly showed all the evils of autocracy and serfdom, but also for the first time in literature openly called for a merciless fight against this evil, considering the most the right way to freedom the revolutionary uprising of the people against the oppressors. In the margins of the book, Catherine II wrote that the author was “a rebel worse than Pugachev.” Radishchev was arrested and sentenced to death, which was commuted to exile to 10 years in Siberia. After the death of Catherine II, he was allowed to return to European Russia, but to live in a village without the right to leave under police supervision. In 1801, when Paul I was killed by conspirators and his son Alexander I ascended the throne, Radishchev was finally amnestied. He joined the Law Drafting Commission, but soon felt that all his projects and proposals, even the most moderate ones, were met with misunderstanding and rejection. There was a threat of a new exile. Deep disappointment in the possibility of implementing at least a minimal program of reforms and disbelief in enlightenment in Russia caused a fatal outcome. On September 11, 1802, A. N. Radishchev committed suicide. His words have been preserved: “Autocracy is the state most contrary to human nature.”
Test “Culture and education in the middle - second half”XVIIIV.".
1. The largest Russian encyclopedist scientist:
1. M. I. Shein 2. M. V. Lomonosov 3. G. V. Rikhman 4. S. P. Krasheninnikov
2. The opening of the Russian Academy of Sciences took place in:
1. 1724 2. 1725 3. 1730 4.1745
3. A movement in literature and art, distinguished by its appeal to the ancient heritage as a model:
1. Baroque 2. Romanticism 3. Classicism 4. Realism
4. Founder of the first Russian professional theater:
1. F.G.Volkov 2. D.I.Fonvizin 3. G.I.Ugryumov 4. G.R.Derzhavin
5. Indicate the correct statements:
a) The Academy of Sciences in Russia was not only scientific, but also training center
b) the main form of education for the lower strata was vocational schools
c) belonging to a certain class did not interfere with receiving any education in Russia
d) the founder of sentimentalism in Russian literature was N. M. Karamzin
e) for the first time in the 18th century. numbering of houses by streets appeared
f) Western European clothing in the second half of the 18th century. was implemented in upper strata society by force
g) without fail, men and women from upper strata society wore powdered wigs
h) widespread in the second half of the 18th century. received the assembly
i) leisure of peasants and ordinary townspeople by the end of the 18th century. was very diverse
j) one of the most popular activities of the nobility was collecting
6. Who are we talking about?
To whom A.S. Pushkin dedicated these lines: “Combining extraordinary willpower with the extraordinary power of concepts, he embraced all branches of education. The thirst for science was the strongest passion of this soul, filled with passions. Historian, rhetorician, mechanic, chemist, mineralogist, artist and poet, he experienced everything and penetrated everything...”
7. Who is the odd one out in the row:
Portrait artists: 1. A.P.Antropov, 2. N.I.Argunov 3. F.I.Shubin 4. F.S.Rokotov 5. D.G.Levitsky, 6. V.L.Borovikovsky.
8. Mark architectural monuments related to classicism:
1
2
3
History test Changes in culture and life in the first quarter of the 18th century for 7th grade students with answers. The test includes 2 options, each option consists of 2 parts (part A, part B).
1 option
A1. The appearance in Russia is associated with the reforms of Peter the Great
1) lyceums
2) Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy
3) assemblies
4) Moscow University
A2. Created under Peter I, the Kunstkamera was the first Russian
1) archive
2) a museum
3) theater
4) university
1) Ya.V. Bruce
2) A.K. Nartov
3) A.F. Zubov
4) L.F. Magnitsky
A4. What characterizes development artistic culture in Russia under Peter I?
1) weak ties with Western European culture
2) the emergence and development of new genres - engraving and portraiture
3) strict adherence in art to the canons of the Russian Orthodox Church
4) dominance in the architecture of the tent style
A5. Which of the listed architectural monuments was created under Peter I?
1) the building of the Twelve Colleges
2) St. Basil's Cathedral
3) Church of the Ascension in Kolomenskoye
4) Chamber of Facets in the Moscow Kremlin
IN 1. Below is a list of terms. All of them, except one, appeared in Russia under Peter I. Find and write down the serial number under which the term appears, the appearance of which in Russia belongs to a different historical period.
1) Academy of Sciences
2) Navigation school
3) engraving
4) parsuna
5) observatory
Option 2
A1. Which of the listed Italian architects worked in Russia during the reign of Peter I?
1) Mark Ruffo
2) Aristotle Fioravanti
3) Domenico Trezinn
4) Aleviz New
A2. What characterizes the education system under Peter I?
1) admission to educational institutions of representatives of all classes, including serfs
2) the emergence of the first specialized educational institutions for girls
3) the creation in large Russian cities of universities modeled on Western European ones
4) the beginning of the formation of vocational education
A3. What was the name of the first printed newspaper that began to be published under Peter I?
1) Chimes
2) Gazette
3) Moscow news
4) Government Gazette
A4. The founder of the Navigation School and the first observatory in Russia was an associate of Peter I
1) J. Bruce
2) A. Vinius
3) P. Gordon
4) F. Lefort
A5. What moralizing book was published during the reign of Peter I?
1) Domostroy
2) An honest mirror of youth
3) A Word about Law and Grace
4) The Tale of Misfortune
IN 1. Below is a list of terms. The phenomena they designate, except for one, appeared in Russia under Peter I. Find and write down the serial number under which the term appears, the appearance of which in Russia belongs to a different historical period.
1) Museum
2) civil alphabet
3) engraving
4) assembly
5) court theater
Answers to a history test Changes in culture and life in the first quarter of the 18th century
1 option
A1-3
A2-2
A3-4
A4-2
A5-1
B1-4
Option 2
A1-1
A2-4
A3-2
A4-3
A5-2
B1-5
