The image of Matryona Vasilievna in the story Matryona Dvor. The life of Matryona in the story “Matryona’s Dvor” A

Analyze this passage. Think about what traits of Matryona’s character and inner world are revealed in the work Matrenin Dvor?

The given fragment reveals best features the heroine’s nature: her patience, kindness, independence, mental fortitude, hard work.

Solzhenitsyn’s Matryona was accustomed to relying only on herself; she worked on a collective farm for a quarter of a century, however, being sick, she never registered for disability and did not obtain a pension “for her husband.” But, despite all the hardships and adversities, she did not lose her spiritual sensitivity and desire to live according to her conscience. A.I. Solzhenitsyn manages to create this image with the help of various artistic means. The heroine’s appearance may be inconspicuous, but an inner light emanates from her soul. The author manages to convey this with the help of the epithets “enlightened”, “with a kind smile”. One gets the impression that Matryona is a holy person who lives exclusively according to the laws of morality.

An important means of creating the image of Matryona is also speech characteristic. The author saturates the heroine’s remarks with dialect words (for example, “letos”) and vernacular (“tepericha”, “skolischa”). In general, these lexical means give Matryona’s speech figurativeness, poetry, and expressiveness. The words “duel”, “kartov”, “lyubota”, sounding from the lips of a simple Russian woman, take on a special meaning. Such word creation testifies to the heroine’s talent, her closeness to folklore traditions, to folk life.

Matryona is a real hard worker. Her whole life is filled with troubles and labors. The heroine does not sit idle for a minute, despite senile infirmity and illness. She finds solace in work: digging potatoes, picking berries. And thereby regains his good mood. The author's description of Matryona includes verbs with the meaning of movement (“walked,” “returned,” “digged”).

The writer in this story denotes the confrontation between the individual and the state: his heroine, trying to defend her rights, faces insurmountable bureaucratic barriers. According to the author, this state is indifferent to the fate common man. Talking about how the heroine achieves her pension, the author uses the technique of syntactic parallelism in the narrative: “go again,” “the third day go again,” “the fourth day go because...” So the writer once again emphasizes the heroine’s perseverance and perseverance in achieving her “ righteous" goal. The features of Matryona’s speech are also conveyed using incomplete sentences and inversion. These syntactic devices help the author show the emotionality and spontaneity of a village woman.

Matryona reminds us of the heroines N.A. Nekrasova. Let us remember Matryona Timofeevna from the poem “Who Lives Well in Russia.” Heroine A.I. Solzhenitsyn is similar to her with her pure peasant soul. This is an honest, fair, but poor, unhappy woman; a man of a selfless soul, absolutely unrequited, humble; righteous woman, without whom, according to A.I. Solzhenitsyn, “a village is not worth it.” The writer manages to create such a multifaceted, amazing image of a Russian peasant woman using various artistic means.

Goals:

educational: reading and analysis literary text, identification author's position through revealing the image main character story.

developing: awakening creative potential students (by encouraging them to think, comprehend what they read, and exchange opinions).

educational: expanding students' understanding of A. Solzhenitsyn - writer, publicist, historian; developing the need for reading, nurturing a sense of empathy, respect for people of work and truth.

Equipment: media presentation, portrait of A. Solzhenitsyn, paintings by artists about the Russian village, epigraphs, definitions, drawings.

Literature :

N. Loktionova“A village is not worthwhile without a righteous man.” To the study of A. Solzhenitsivna’s story “Matrenin’s Dvor.” – Literature at school, No. 3, 1994, pp. 33-37

A. Solzhenitsyn“Don’t live by a lie!” – Literature at school No. 3, 1994, pp. 38-41.

DURING THE CLASSES

I. Organizing time:

1) Record the number, topic. We continue our work on studying the creativity of A.I. Solzhenitsyn. Alexander Isaevich Solzhenitsyn - writer, publicist, poet and public figure, academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, laureate Nobel Prize in the field of literature.

II. Learning new material:

Today our focus is on the story “Matrenin’s Dvor”. Written in 1959, in the initial period of the writer’s work, this story gives a vivid idea of ​​Solzhenitsyn, the artist of words, and of the post-war period of life in the village. (Slide 1)

2) Select and write down the epigraph of the lesson from among those suggested ( . Slide 2):

3) Today we get acquainted with the heroes of A. Solzhenitsyn’s story. A. Solzhenitsyn's story “Matrenin's Dvor” is at the origins of Russian village prose of the second half of the twentieth century. In the course of analyzing this story, let us try to reveal its meaning and try to answer the question: “What is the “secret inner light” of the story we read?” (Slide 3)

1) At home, you read the story and reflected on what you read based on the questions and assignments provided.
Let's turn to the definition of genre.Story- this is... (Slide 4. )

2) In his stories, A. Solzhenitsyn, in an extremely concise form, with stunning artistic power, reflects on eternal questions: the fate of the Russian village, the position of the common working man, relationships between people, etc. V. Astafiev called “Matrenin’s Dvor” “the pinnacle of Russian short stories.” Solzhenitsyn himself once noted that he rarely turned to the short story genre, “for artistic pleasure.” So, the story is usually based on an incident that reveals the character of the main character. Solzhenitsyn also builds his story on this traditional principle. Through the tragic event - the death of Matryona - the author comes to a deep understanding of her personality. Only after death “the image of Matryona floated before me, as I did not understand her, even living side by side with her.” Tragic fate Matryona will be the main part of our work. I invite you to an open discussion, a free exchange of opinions about the story you read. (Appendix 3).

III. Conversation to identify perception:

Look at the reproduction of the painting “Old Age” by artist V. Popkov. Mentally immerse yourself in the life of the Russian village. Try to describe the idea of ​​the painting, what touched you, what did you think about?
( The picture is about loneliness, the habit of working tirelessly. The picture shows a neat, strict old woman. A stylized interior, in which there is not a single superfluous detail, testifies not so much to everyday life as to the mythopoetic idea of ​​a house, in which the main place is occupied by the stove (warmth) and the door, waiting for at least someone who can brighten up loneliness. The figure of the housewife with a dull gaze turned inward to the soul (and through it to us and to the whole world) personifies the idea of ​​​​preservation in the great hostile world“light”, a protected corner in which a person lost in the blizzards of inclement times can be saved.)

What problems formed the basis of this story?
( The bleak way of village life, the fate of a village Russian woman, post-war difficulties, the powerless position of a collective farmer, complex relationships between relatives in the family, true and imaginary moral values, loneliness and old age, spiritual generosity and selflessness, the fate of the post-war generation etc..) (Slide 5)

IV. Story Analysis:

1) Draw a verbal portrait of Matryona.
The writer does not give detailed, specific portrait description heroines. Only one portrait detail is emphasized - Matryona’s “radiant”, “kind”, “apologetic” smile. The author treats Matryona with sympathy: “The frozen window of the entryway, now shortened, glowed slightly pink from the red frosty sun, and this glow warmed Matryona’s face,” “Those people have good faces who are at peace with their conscience.” Matryona's speech is smooth, melodious, primordially Russian, beginning with “some low warm purring, like grandmothers in fairy tales.” The semantic richness of the “irregularities” of Matryona’s speech. (Slide 5)

2) Describe the environment in which Matryona lives, her world?
Matryona lives in a darkish hut with a large Russian stove. It’s like a continuation of herself, a part of her life. Everything here is organic and natural: the cockroaches rustling behind the partition, the rustling of which was reminiscent of the “distant sound of the ocean,” and the lame-legged cat picked up out of pity by Matryona, and the mice that tragic night Matryona's deaths rushed about behind the wallpaper as if Matryona herself was “invisibly rushing about and saying goodbye here, to her hut.” These are Matryona’s favorite ficuses. That “the loneliness of the housewife was filled with a silent but lively crowd.” Those same ficus trees. What Matryona once saved from a fire, without thinking about the meager goods she had acquired, the ficus trees froze by the “frightened crowd” on that terrible night, and then were taken out of the hut forever...
This artistic detail helps us better understand the image of the main character of the story. Matryonin's yard is a kind of island in the middle of the ocean of lies, which keeps the treasures of the people's spirit.( Slide 6)

3) How does the story create an understanding of difficult things? life path heroines?
Matryona’s “Kolotnaya Zhitenka” unfolds before us gradually. Bit by bit, referring to the author's digressions and comments scattered throughout the story, to the meager confessions of Matryona herself, a story is emerging about the difficult life path of the heroine. She had to endure a lot of grief and injustice in her lifetime: broken love, the death of six children, the loss of her husband in the war, hellish labor that is not feasible for every peasant in the village, severe illness - illness, a bitter resentment towards the collective farm, which squeezed all her strength out of her, and then wrote her off as unnecessary, leaving her without a pension and support. But it's amazing! Matryona was not angry at this world, she retained a feeling of joy and pity for others, as before radiant smile brightens her face.
Thus, she lived poorly, wretchedly, alone - a “lost old woman”, exhausted by work and illness. (slide 8)

4) What was the surest way for Matryona to maintain a good mood?
The author writes: “she had a sure way to regain her good mood - work.” For a quarter of a century on the collective farm, she had broken her back quite a lot: digging, planting, carrying huge sacks and logs. And all this - “not for money, for sticks of workdays in the grimy accountant’s book.” However, she was not entitled to a pension because she did not work at a factory - on a collective farm. And in her old age, Matryona knew no rest: she either grabbed a shovel, then went with sacks into the swamp to cut grass for her dirty white goat, or went with other women to secretly steal peat from the collective farm for winter kindling. Matryona did not hold any grudge against the collective farm. Moreover, according to the very first decree, she went to help the collective farm, without receiving, as before, anything for her work. And she did not refuse help to any distant relative or neighbor; “without a shadow of envy” she told the guest about the neighbor’s rich potato harvest. Work was never a burden to her; “Matryona never spared either her labor or her goods.” (slide 9)

5) How did your village neighbors and relatives treat Matryona?
How were her relationships with others? What do the fates of the narrator and Matryona have in common? Who do the heroes tell about their past?
Sisters, sister-in-law, adopted daughter Kira, the only friend in the village, Thaddeus - these are those who were closest to Matryona. Relatives almost did not appear in her house, apparently fearing that Matryona would ask them for help. Everyone condemned Matryona in unison. That she’s funny and stupid, working for others for free, always meddling in men’s affairs (after all, she got hit by a train because she wanted to help the men, pull the sleigh with them through the crossing). True, after Matryona’s death, the sisters immediately flocked in, “seized the hut, the goat and the stove, locked her chest, and gutted two hundred funeral rubles from the lining of her coat.” Yes, and a friend of half a century - “the only one who sincerely loved Matryona in this village” - who came running in tears with the tragic news, nevertheless, when leaving, she did not forget to take Matryona’s knitted blouse with her so that the sisters would not get it. The sister-in-law, who recognized Matryona’s simplicity and cordiality, spoke about this “with suspicious regret.” Everyone around Matryonina mercilessly took advantage of her kindness, simplicity and selflessness. Matryona feels uncomfortable and cold in her native state. She is alone within a large society and, worst of all, within a small one - her village, family, friends. This means that what is wrong is a society whose system suppresses the best. It is about this – about the false moral foundations of society – that the author of the story sounds the alarm.
Matryona and Ignatyich (the narrator) tell each other about their past. They are brought together by the instability and complexity of their lives. Only in Matryona's hut did the hero feel something akin to his heart. And lonely Matryona felt trust in her guest. The heroes are united by the drama of their fate and many life principles. Their relationship is especially evident in speech. The narrator's language is extremely close to vernacular, literary at its core, it is filled with expressive dialectisms and vernaculars (whole-wet, lopotno, benevolent, exactly, melelo, without ritual etc.) Often in the author’s speech there are words overheard from Matryona. (slide 10)

6) What can you say about the way of life of the village, about the relations between its inhabitants? On what foundations is the image depicted by Solzhenitsyn based? social system? In what colors are Thaddeus Mironovich and Matryona’s relatives depicted in the story? How does Thaddeus behave when dismantling the upper room? What motivates him?
The hero-storyteller tells us about this, whom fate threw into this strange place called Peat Product. Already in the name itself there was a wild violation, a distortion of primordial Russian traditions. Here “dense, impenetrable forests stood before and have survived the revolution.” But then they were cut down, reduced to the roots, over which the chairman of the neighboring collective farm elevated his collective farm, receiving the title of Hero Socialist Labor. The whole image of a Russian village comes together from individual details. Gradually, the interests of a living, concrete person were replaced by state, government interests. They no longer baked bread, did not sell anything edible - the table became meager and poor. Collective farmers “everything goes to the collective farm, right down to the white flies,” and they had to gather hay for their cows from under the snow. The new chairman began by cutting off the gardens of all disabled people, and huge areas of land lay empty behind fences. The trust is burning, showing abundant peat production in its reports. Management lies railway, which does not sell tickets for empty carriages. The school is lying, fighting for high percent academic performance. Long years Matryona lived without a ruble, and when they advised her to seek a pension, she was no longer happy: they chased her around the offices with papers for several months - “now for a period, now for a comma.” And more experienced neighbors summed up her ordeals: “The state is momentary. Today, you see, it gave, but tomorrow it will take away.” All this led to a distortion, a displacement of the most important thing in life - moral principles and concepts. How did it happen, the author bitterly reflects, “that the language strangely calls our property our property, the people’s or mine? And losing it is considered shameful and stupid in front of people.” Greed, envy of each other and bitterness drive people. When they were dismantling Matryona’s room, “everyone worked like crazy, in that exasperation that people have when they smell big money or are expecting a big treat. They were shouting at each other and arguing."

7) Is this how you said goodbye to Matryona?

A significant place in the story of A.I. Solzhenitsyn devotes the scene to Matryona's funeral. And this is no coincidence. In Matryona's house last time All the relatives and friends in whose surroundings she lived her life gathered. And it turned out that Matryona was leaving this life, not understood by anyone, not mourned by anyone as a human being. Even from folk rites of farewell to a person, the real feeling, the human beginning, has disappeared. Crying has turned into a kind of politics; ritual norms are unpleasantly striking in their “coldly thought-out” orderliness. At the funeral dinner they drank a lot, they said loudly, “not about Matryona at all.” According to custom, they sang “Eternal Memory,” but “the voices were hoarse, discordant, their faces were drunk, and no one in this eternal memory I no longer invested feelings.” The most terrible figure in the story is Thaddeus, this “insatiable old man”, who has lost elementary human pity, overwhelmed by the only thirst for profit. Even the upper room “has been under a curse since the hands of Thaddeus set out to break it.” The fact that he is like this today is also partly the fault of Matryona herself, because she did not wait for him from the front, buried him in her thoughts ahead of time - and Thaddeus became completely angry White light. At the funeral of Matryona and his son, he was gloomy with one heavy thought - to save the upper room from the fire and from Matryona's sisters.
After the death of Matryona, the hero-narrator does not hide his grief, but he becomes truly scared when, having gone through all the village residents, he comes to the conclusion that Thaddeus was not the only one in the village. But Matryona - like that - was completely alone. The death of Matryona, the destruction of her yard and hut is a dire warning about the catastrophe that can happen to a society that has lost its moral guidelines. (slide 11)

8) Is there a certain pattern in the death of Matryona, or is it a coincidence of random circumstances?

It is known that Matryona had real prototype– Matryona Vasilievna Zakharova, whose life and death formed the basis of the story. The author convinces with his entire narration. That Matryona's death is inevitable and natural. Her death at the crossing acquires symbolic meaning. A certain symbol is visible in this: it is Matryona the Righteous who passes away. Such people are always to blame, such people always pay, not even for their sins. Yes, Matryona’s death is a certain milestone, it is a break in the moral ties that were still held under Matryona. Perhaps this is the beginning of decay, the death of the moral foundations that Matryona strengthened with her life. (slide 12)

9) What is the meaning of this story, its main idea?
The original title (author's) of the story is“A village is not worthwhile without a righteous man” . And Tvardovsky suggested, for the sake of the opportunity to publish the story, a more neutral title - “Matrenin’s Dvor”. But even in this name lies deep meaning. If we start from the broad concepts of “collective farm yard”, “peasant yard”, then in the same row there will be “Matrenin’s yard” as a symbol of a special structure of life, a special world. Matryona, the only one in the village, lives in her own world: she arranges her life with work, honesty, kindness and patience, preserving her soul and inner freedom. Popularly wise, sensible, able to appreciate goodness and beauty, smiling and sociable in disposition, Matryona managed to resist evil and violence, preserving her “court”. This is how the associative chain is logically built: Matryonin’s yard - Matryonin’s world - the special world of the righteous, the world of spirituality, kindness, mercy. But Matryona dies and this world collapses: her house is torn apart log by log, her modest belongings are greedily divided. And there is no one to protect Matryona’s yard, no one even thinks that with Matryona’s departure something very valuable and important, not amenable to division and primitive everyday assessment, is leaving life.” Everyone lived next to her and did not understand that she was the same righteous person, without whom, according to the proverb, “The village is not worthwhile. Neither the city. Neither the whole land is ours.” (slide13)

10) What is the author’s position, if considered more broadly, in the context of his entire work?
The story is largely autobiographical. After his release from the camp, Solzhenitsyn went to central Russia work as a teacher, where he meets Matryona. His fate is not easy. The narrator is a person difficult fate, who has a war and a camp behind him. This is evidenced by artistic details(mention that “I ate twice a day, like at the front,” about the camp padded jacket, about unpleasant memories, “when they come to you loudly and in greatcoats at night,” etc.) It is no coincidence that he strives to “get stuck in and get lost in the very interior of Russia,” to find peace and that spiritual harmony that he had lost in his difficult life and which, in his opinion, was preserved among the people. In Matryona's hut, the hero felt something akin to his heart. Often the author resorts to direct assessments and comments. All this gives the story special confidence and artistic insight. The author admits that he, who became related to Matryona, does not pursue any selfish interests, nevertheless, he still did not fully understand her. And only death revealed to him the majestic and tragic image of Matryona. And the story is a kind of author’s repentance, bitter repentance for the moral blindness of everyone around him, including himself. He bows his head before a man of a selfless soul, but absolutely unresponsive, defenseless, oppressed by the entire dominant system. Solzhenitsyn becomes “in opposition not so much to this or that political system, as much as to the false moral foundations of society.” He strives to return eternal moral concepts to their deepest, original meaning. The story as a whole, despite the tragedy of the events, is sustained on some very warm, bright, piercing note, setting the reader up for good feelings and serious thoughts.

(slide 14)

11) What is the “secret inner light” of this story?
HaveZ. Gippiusa poem that was written earlier than the events depicted in our story, and it was written for a different reason, but try to correlate its content with our story, I hope this will help you formulate your own reasoning when writing a short creative work. (slide 15, appendix 7)

V. Consolidation of new material.

Creative work of students: “The Secret Inner Light” of the story “A. Solzhenitsyn’s “Matrenin’s Dvor” and my impressions of what I read. (Appendix4)

VI. Lesson summary : Let's listen to each other (excerpts from creative works students)

VII. Homework : Read A. Solzhenitsyn’s story “One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich” and think about what idea unites these two works.

Matryona Vasilievna is the main character of A.I. Solzhenitsyn’s story “Matryona’s Dvor”. She was about sixty years old. She lived in the village of Talnovo, which was located not far from peat mining.
I believe that Matryona Vasilievna was the right person in the village, because she always came to everyone's aid. And the main thing is that her help was of some kind. After all, you can help without any result, just to appear. But Matryona Vasilievna is not like that. Her help is sincere, from the bottom of her heart, and therefore useful.
The best sides The character of Matryona Vasilyevna is revealed by several episodes. First of all, this is the episode in which Thaddeus and his sons break Matryona Vasilievna’s room, which she decided to give to Kira. The author says: “Matryona never spared either her work or her good.”
There are also such small, but important for revealing the character of the heroine, episodes as the request of the chairman’s wife to help the collective farm, the request of a neighbor to dig up potatoes. And in all the episodes Matryona is asked to help with something, to do something. But she doesn’t refuse, she helps, even if she’s sick, and doesn’t take anything in return, she hasn’t taken a single penny for all her work.
Matryona Vasilievna was “at peace with her conscience.” Her soul was open to everyone, internally she was pure, like a child. The author said about such people that they “always have good faces,” that is, they are kind, sincere, accessible to others.
And this kindness brought Matryona Vasilievna to death. People couldn't understand her, her inner world, soul. They used her help, her desire to work to realize their personal goals, without even trying to give anything in return. No, not money, not food, but understanding, respect - that’s what Matryona Vasilievna was waiting for, but she didn’t get it.
She didn’t tell anyone about her difficult life, afraid, I think, of appearing weak in front of people. All her children died, her husband disappeared in the war. She had no love, no one loved her. And she devoted herself to work, caring for others. And I believe that the author is right when he calls Matryona a righteous man, because she “is... the very righteous man without whom... the village does not stand.”
The meaning of the title of the story, I think, is that without Matryona Vasilievna in the village of Talnovo normal life will not be. She was the center of everything that was happening, she added a piece of herself to everything village life, work. She can rightfully be considered a mistress, because even the authorities, who in fact should help everyone, turn to Matryona for help, “not a single plowing of the garden could be done without Matryona,” nothing could be done without Matryona.
And we can also say that Matryona’s yard is her home, after the destruction of which her life is destroyed, the yard of selflessness and righteousness.
Without such people, Rus' will perish.

In 1963, one of the stories of the Russian thinker and humanist Alexander Solzhenitsyn was published. It is based on events from the author’s biography. The publication of his books has always caused a huge resonance not only in the Russian-speaking society, but also among Western readers. But the image of Matryona in the story “Matryona’s Dvor” is unique. Nothing like this before village prose did not have. And therefore this work took a special place in Russian literature.

Plot

The story is told from the author's perspective. A certain teacher and former camp inmate goes in the summer of 1956 at random, wherever his eyes look. His goal is to get lost somewhere in the dense Russian outback. Despite the ten years he spent in the camp, the hero of the story still hopes to find a job and teach. He succeeds. He settles in the village of Talnovo.

The image of Matryona in the story “Matryona’s Dvor” begins to take shape even before her appearance. A random acquaintance helps the main character find shelter. After a long and unsuccessful search, he offers to go to Matryona, warning that “she lives in a desolate place and is sick.” They are heading towards her.

Matryona's Domain

The house is old and rotten. It had been built many years ago for a large family, but now it was inhabited only by one woman of about sixty. Without a description of the poor life of the village, the story “Matrenin’s Dvor” would not be so insightful. The image of Matryona - the heroine of the story - fully corresponds to the atmosphere of desolation that reigned in the hut. Yellow, sickly face, tired eyes...

The house is full of mice. Among its inhabitants, in addition to the owner herself, are cockroaches and a lanky cat.

The image of Matryona in the story “Matryona’s Dvor” is the basis of the story. Starting from it, the author reveals his spiritual world and depicts character traits other characters.

From the main character the narrator learns about her difficult fate. She lost her husband at the front. She lived her entire life alone. Later, her guest finds out that for many years she has not received a penny: she works not for money, but for sticks.

She was not happy with the tenant and tried to persuade him for some time to find a cleaner and more comfortable house. But the guest’s desire to find a quieter place determined the choice: he stayed with Matryona.

While the teacher was staying with her, the old woman got up before dark and prepared a simple breakfast. And it seemed that some meaning appeared in Matryona’s life.

Peasant image

The image of Matryona in the story “Matryona's Dvor” is an amazingly rare combination of selflessness and hard work. This woman has been working for half a century, not to make a living, but out of habit. Because he cannot imagine any other existence.

It should be said that the fate of the peasantry always attracted Solzhenitsyn, since his ancestors belonged to this class. And he believed that it was precisely the hard work, sincerity and generosity that distinguished the representatives of this social stratum. This is confirmed by the sincere, truthful image of Matryona in the story “Matryona’s Dvor”.

Fate

In intimate conversations in the evenings, the landlady tells the tenant the story of her life. Efim’s husband died in the war, but first his brother wooed her. She agreed and was listed as his fiancée, but during World War II he went missing and she didn’t wait for him. She married Efim. But Thaddeus returned.

Not a single child of Matryona survived. And then she became a widow.

Its end is tragic. She dies due to her naivety and kindness. This event ends the story “Matrenin’s Dvor”. The image of the righteous Matryona is sadder because, despite all her good qualities, she remains misunderstood by her fellow villagers.

Loneliness

Matryona lived in big house all her life alone, except for the short-lived female happiness that was destroyed by the war. And also those years during which she raised Thaddeus’s daughter. He married her namesake and they had six children. Matryona asked him to raise a girl, which he did not refuse. But her adopted daughter also left her.

The image of Matryona in A. I. Solzhenitsyn’s story “Matryona’s Dvor” is amazing. Neither eternal poverty, nor insults, nor all kinds of oppression destroy it. The best way It was a job for the woman to regain her good spirits. And after the work, she became satisfied, enlightened, with a kind smile.

The last righteous woman

She knew how to rejoice in someone else's happiness. Having not accumulated goodness throughout her life, she did not become bitter, and retained the ability to sympathize. Not a single hard work in the village could be done without her participation. Despite her illness, she helped other women, harnessed herself to the plow, forgetting about her advanced age and the illness that had tormented her for more than twenty years.

This woman never refused anything to her relatives, and her inability to preserve her own “goods” led to the fact that she lost her upper room - her only property, apart from the old rotten house. The image of Matryona in the story by A. I. Solzhenitsyn personifies selflessness and virtue, which for some reason did not evoke either respect or response from others.

Thaddeus

Righteous female character contrasted with her failed husband Thaddeus, without whom there would be incomplete system images "Matrenin's Dvor" is a story in which, in addition to the main character, there are other persons. But Thaddeus is a clear contrast to the main character. Returning from the front alive, he did not forgive his fiancee for betrayal. Although, it should be said that she did not love his brother, but only pitied him. Understanding that it is difficult for his family without a mistress. The death of Matryona at the end of the story is a consequence of the stinginess of Thaddeus and his relatives. Avoiding unnecessary expenses, they decided to transport the room faster, but did not have time, as a result of which Matryona was hit by a train. Only one remains intact right hand. But even after the terrible events, Thaddeus looks at her dead body indifferently, indifferently.

There are also many sorrows and disappointments in the fate of Thaddeus, but the difference between the two characters is that Matryona was able to save her soul, but he was not. After her death, the only thing he cares about is Matrenino’s meager property, which he immediately drags into his house. Thaddeus does not come to the wake.

The image of Holy Rus', which poets so often sang, dissipates with her departure. A village cannot stand without a righteous man. The image of Matryona, the heroine in Solzhenitsyn’s story “Matryona’s Dvor,” is a remnant of the Russian pure soul, which is still alive, but already on its last legs. Because righteousness and kindness are valued less and less in Russia.

The story, as already said, is based on real events. The only difference is in the name settlement and some little things. The heroine's name was actually Matryona. She lived in one of the villages Vladimir region, where the author spent 1956-1957. It was planned to turn her house into a museum in 2011. But Matrenin's yard burned down. In 2013, the house-museum was restored.

The work was first published in the literary magazine " New world" Solzhenitsyn's previous story caused a positive reaction. The story of the righteous woman gave rise to many disputes and discussions. And yet, critics had to admit that the story was created by a great and truthful artist, capable of returning it to the people native language and continue the traditions of Russian classical literature.

Matryona Vasilievna Grigorieva is the central character of A.I. Solzhenitsyn’s story “Matrenin’s Dvor”. We learn her story from the perspective of the narrator, Ignatyich, who, after 10 years in the camps, accidentally came to the small village of Talnovo and became Matryona’s guest.

Poor hut and good-natured elderly woman, although plagued by illnesses, her owner immediately took a liking to Ignatyich.

Matryona is a typical Russian peasant woman who lived difficult life. She is about 60 years old, she is lonely and lives very modestly, having worked hard all her life, she has never accumulated any goods. And although her hut was large and built for a large family, it was very poor - for 25 years of work on the collective farm, she was not even entitled to a pension, because she worked not for money, but for “sticks” of workdays. During her life, the old woman earned enough to earn five such pensions, but due to bureaucratic confusion she remained completely destitute.

And for last years the woman began to suffer from some kind of illness, which completely deprived her of strength. Sick and tired, Ignatyich sees her for the first time:

“...the roundish face of the hostess seemed yellow and sick to me. And from her clouded eyes one could see that the illness had exhausted her...”

Regularly suffering from attacks, Matryona still does not go to the paramedic - some kind of innate delicacy and shyness does not allow her to complain and be a burden, even for the village doctor.

But neither illness, nor great need, nor loneliness made her callous. Amazing all-forgiving kindness and humanity are reflected even in her appearance:

“...Those people always have good faces, who are at peace with their conscience...” the simple-minded face was kind and bright, and the smile was lively.

IN native village Matryona was treated with misunderstanding and even disdain. How can you understand a person who rushes to help everyone around him, but doesn’t take a penny for it?! But such was Matryona’s soul. Selfless help became a meaning for her, and work became a way to forget all the hardships, a cure for adversity that always put her on her feet.

"...But her forehead did not remain darkened for long. I noticed: she had a sure way to regain her good mood - work. Immediately she either grabbed a shovel and dug the chard. Or with a bag under her arm she went for peat. Otherwise, with a wicker body - up to the berries in the distant forest...".

Having learned about her unfortunate fate, Ignatyich was more amazed not at her childish kindness and bright naivety, but at the callousness and disgust of those around her. The wretchedness of her housing and inability to earn money irritated them, but, nevertheless, no one neglected her selflessness and constant desire to be useful.

The unhappy woman knew neither love, nor family, nor simple female happiness. Having married, as fate would have it, an unloved man, she ultimately realized that he had never loved her either. She gave birth to and buried six children who were not even three months old. And after the war I was left completely alone. But nothing could break her, and she remained pure and generous. But do people really need this? The world rests on the righteous, but the world refuses them.

So, wanting to do a good deed, Matryona sacrifices part of her own house, which was dismantled, in order to build a home for a stranger, which ultimately leads her to an absurd death, but not to the understanding and compassion of those around her. So true beauty her soul, her greatness kind heart remain noticeable only to her modest guest Ignatyich.

"...We all lived next to her and did not understand that she was the same righteous man, without whom, according to the proverb, the village would not stand. Not the city. Not our whole land..."