Names of cities in Tatarstan. Big cities

The Russian Federation, in addition to Russian cities, also includes various republics of other nationalities. These include Tatarstan, whose population consists not only of Tatars. This state has a huge cultural heritage, the study of which is very fascinating. The cities of Tatarstan seem to be very different from each other, but at the same time they have a large number of similar features. It is these moments that we will talk about.

About the republic

Tatarstan is located in the middle Volga region. It belongs to the Volga Federal District. The area of ​​Tatarstan is limited by such regions as Ulyanovsk, Samara, Kirov and Orenburg, as well as the republics of Mari El, Chuvashia, Udmurtia and Bashkiria. The capital of this subject Russian Federation is the city of Kazan.

The entire area of ​​Tatarstan is about 68 thousand square kilometers. The total population is 3868.7 thousand people. Among the subjects of the Russian Federation, the republic is in seventh place in terms of the number of residents living in the territory. The population density of Tatarstan is fifty-seven people per square kilometer. This is much higher than the national average of 8.57 people per square kilometer.

In ancient times, Finno-Ugric tribes lived on the territory of this subject of the Russian Federation. They were displaced by the Bulgar communities, who were able to create their own state. But their time did not last long - the Mongol-Tatars destroyed everything. The current territory of Tatarstan was part of the Golden Horde. And only after its collapse the Kazan Khanate appeared. Ivan the Terrible included it into the Russian kingdom. Afterwards the Kazan province was created, which during the revolutions was renamed the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. With the collapse of the Soviet Union, the republic acquired a new name - Tatarstan.

About the settlements and main nationalities of the republic

The number of settlements, in addition to the million-plus city of Kazan, includes another twenty-six cities. Three of them (Naberezhnye Chelny, Nizhnekamsk, Almetyevsk) have more than 100 thousand inhabitants. Such settlements x, like Zelenodolsk, Bugulma, Elabuga, Leninogorsk, Chistopol, more than 50 thousand live. The Republic of Tatarstan is incredibly multinational. Its population is diverse. It has more than 173 nationalities. Among them:

• Tatars (about 53.2% of the total population);
• Russians (39.7%);
• Chuvash (3.1%);
• Udmurts (0.6%);
• Bashkirs (0.36%);
• other nationalities (less than 3.1%).

The population size by region shows that the percentage of Tatars in almost all regions is somewhat less than that of Russians.

Kazan – the heart of the republic

The capital of any state is its pride. The same can be said about Kazan. Origin of this city as ancient as the origins of the Republic of Tatarstan itself. It is not for nothing that in Old Slavic times the territory of the subject of the Russian Federation was called “Kazan Khanate”.

Kazan is the pearl of the Republic of Tatarstan, the population does its best to support the preservation cultural heritage, but at the same time it brings modern features to the appearance of the city. Today the settlement is modern center, which has not lost its former greatness at all.

A little more than a million people live on the territory of Kazan. This is the largest city in the republic. It is predominantly populated by Russians and Tatars (approximately 48% and 47% respectively). Other nationalities are relatively rare. That is why two directions predominate in religious views: Orthodox Christianity and Sunni Islam.

Distinctive features of other cities of the republic

In addition to the million-plus city, there are other notable settlements on the territory of Tatarstan. For example, Naberezhnye Chelny. During the Soviet Union, this city was the leading city in the country in terms of production of KamAZ trucks. It was this event that turned an ordinary small town into a progressive center. In that era, the city was even renamed Brezhnev, but somehow this decision did not take root. The administration had to return the previous name.

Another very interesting city- Almetyevsk. This is the oldest settlement in the Republic of Tatarstan, whose population is a valuable bearer of the traditions and legends of the former Kazan Khanate. At the same time, Nizhnekamsk is the youngest city of the republic. But, surprisingly, it is in third place after Kazan and Naberezhnye Chelny in terms of the number of residents.

In addition to the cities listed, there are other notable settlements. All of them, even in the photo, have some kind of elusive similarity in buildings, streets and other little things. But at the same time, the difference between these cities is also felt.

Finally

Tatarstan is one of the ten largest subjects belonging to the Russian Federation. The beauty of its capital does not deteriorate over the years. The city is getting better and more modern. The population mainly consists of Russians and Tatars, so those wishing to visit this glorious republic will not have any difficulty communicating with local residents. And their friendliness and hospitality will impress anyone.

Republic of Tatarstan is a significant member of the Russian Federation. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Tatarstan, like the whole country, went through difficult times. Skillful leadership was able to quickly stabilize the situation and thereby ensure rapid economic growth. As a result of the economic recovery, the cities of the republic began to renew themselves: modern residential complexes appeared, infrastructure was successfully developing, and empty or abandoned territories were being developed.

Cities of Tatarstan

It’s difficult to name the best city in Tatarstan - they all have their own merits, but we’ll try to do it.

Kazan is the capital of the Republic of Tatarstan, a large port settlement located on the left bank of the Volga - at its confluence with the Kazanka River. The most important economic-political, scientific-educational, sports center of the republic, considered the third capital of the Russian Federation, crossed its thousand-year mark in 2005. The city ranks third on the European continent among promising tourist centers. Over the past 20 years, the population has increased by 93 thousand people and today stands at 1.2 million.

Naberezhnye Chelny- the second largest city in the republic, with over 500 thousand inhabitants, is located on the banks of the Nizhnekamsk reservoir, in the northeast of the republic. It is a large industrial center of the Nizhnekamsk industrial complex. After a temporary decline in industry in the first years of post-Soviet times, in 2000, new era development of Naberezhnye Chelny, which raised the standard of living of the townspeople to modern high requirements. Despite the industrial emphasis, there are museums, theaters, a dolphinarium, and its own football and hockey teams. Great importance is given to sports infrastructure: sports complexes, several swimming pools, a motor racing track, a hippodrome and even a ski resort.

Elabuga- in 2007, it celebrated its millennium, located 200 km east of the capital, at the confluence of the Kama and Toima rivers. It is an example of merchant architecture of the century before last. 73 thousand inhabitants inhabit the historical and industrial district center. Thanks to special economic zone, which appeared here as one of the first in the open spaces modern Russia, the city is developing rapidly and dynamically. Thanks to sustainable economic growth, social sphere is at the proper level, and numerous historical architectural monuments are maintained in excellent condition - over the past few years, a deep reconstruction of particularly significant objects has been carried out.

Bugulma- administrative regional center, which was founded in 1736. The location of the settlement on the Orenburg-Kazan trade route turned a small settlement into a large one shopping mall district. Suffice it to say that UNESCO awarded the city the Palm Branch of the World in 2001, and the very next year - at the All-Russian competition - it entered the top three best comfortable cities in the country with a population of up to 100 thousand inhabitants. Despite the developed industrial potential, due attention is paid to the cultural and research components.

Kazan is the best city in Tatarstan

The best city in Tatarstan is considered to be the capital of the Republic - Kazan. With extensive historical, political and economic experience, it stands out noticeably from the general number of settlements in the autonomy. The leading position compared to other cities also explains the capital’s more than one million population. The largest administrative organizations in the region are concentrated here, including the administration of the President of Tatarstan. Kazan occupies a leading position not only in the republic: it confidently leads among many millionaire cities in Russia, in some aspects even competing with St. Petersburg and Moscow. This circumstance also causes increased interest in the capital of Tatarstan from tourists - both domestic and foreign. Kazan has something to surprise and win the hearts of its guests: its centuries-old historical heritage does not make the city a “mothball box”; it is a modern metropolis, the development of which is taking place in all directions. The international airport is one of the most technically equipped in all of Russia, there are two railway terminals, the largest river port in the republic, and the Kazan metro has a dozen stations and is considered the best in terms of safety in the CIS. A well-developed transport network makes it possible to combat traffic jams on the roads.

Kazan- a city of studying youth. Surprisingly, there are more students here than in St. Petersburg - only Moscow is ahead of it in this indicator. Up to 10 thousand students graduate from secondary schools every year. Many schoolchildren continue their education further. There are as many as 44 universities located in the city, educating more than 140 thousand highly qualified specialists in various fields and specializations. The Kazan Academy of Sciences is the second largest diversified scientific center in the Russian Federation. Kazan is the first city in the Russian Federation where there are two research universities, as well as one federal one.

In addition to the scientific and educational aspect of city life, the capital of the Republic of Tatarstan is the largest sports center in the region. In 2013, the city was entrusted with hosting the Universiade, and in 2009 Kazan won the title of the capital of sports and the premium award "Golden Team of Russia". Kazan athletes lead in the number of victories among participants from other localities. Athletes of team sports were particularly successful in their victories. The city boasts a large number of award-winning sports clubs that have grown on Kazan soil.

History of Kazan

Kazan arose at the end of the 10th century on the territory of the Bulgarian kingdom with the aim of protecting the Volga trade route from the predatory raids of Russian tribes. During the time of the Golden Horde, the city transformed from a border outpost into a center of intersection of trade routes of the Volga-Kama basin. On the ruins of the Golden Horde, the Kazan Khanate appeared, during which the settlement was no longer able to huddle behind the fortress walls and began to grow outside the local Kremlin.

In 1552, Kazan experienced destruction and almost complete extermination of its indigenous inhabitants as a result of the seizure of the territory of the Khanate by the army of the Russian Tsar Ivan the Terrible. Already by the beginning of the 17th century Kazan turns into the strongest impregnable city, guarding the borders of the now Russian state. With the growth of the empire, the settlement turns into the administrative center of the conquered region.

The uprising of Emelyan Pugachev in 1774 was the last military test of Kazan. In 1804, the Kazan State University was opened. In 1920, the Autonomous Tatar SSR was proclaimed after two years of difficult and cruel civil war. In 1979 the population exceeded 1 million. With the acquisition of sovereignty by the Republic of Tatarstan in 1990 and the advent of the era market economy the city turned into one of the most criminal centers in Russia. The republic's leadership was able to successfully resist criminality and enabled the capital to become a highly developed cultural axis of the region.

Many prominent figures of world culture appeared on Kazan soil, such as L.N. Tolstoy, G.R. Derzhavin, F.I. Chaliapin. Personalities such as Peshkov, Aksakov, and Panaev developed here. The city is the progenitor Tatar culture. Sandri Mak-Sudi, Musa Jalil, Galimzhan Ibragimov, Hadi Taktash and many others created their creations in Kazan famous personalities Tatar folklore.

Modern Kazan

The active transformation of the center of autonomy began around the turn of the second millennium. Over the past 15 years, the city has changed a lot: skyscrapers have grown, shopping and entertainment centers, luxury office centers serving the Kazan middle and big business. Park areas for the recreation of citizens have been put in order and restored, and many historical architectural monuments have been restored. The Kazan Kremlin also underwent a comprehensive reconstruction: the inimitable main mosque of the capital Kul-Sharif was built on its territory, several modern museums and exhibition centers. The famous Central Park of Culture and Culture named after. Gorky was completely rebuilt, becoming another pride of the city residents. A new park has appeared - Millennium.

More than 120 hotels for every taste and budget are open to travelers, which indicates a significant flow of guests to the city. New hotel complexes designed according to the latest requirements modern architecture, among them: Riviera, Relita Kazan, Mirage, Chaliapin Palace, Courtyard Marriott.

Water park, martial arts palace "Bars", Kazan Arena with a unique screen of 4000 sq. meters on the facade and many other sports facilities are also a decoration of the city. It should be noted that the profound changes that have transformed the appearance of the capital of Tatarstan over the past decade have not stopped and have not slowed down in any way. Preparations are underway for the Football World Cup, which will be held in 2018. Construction and reconstruction architectural monuments, the development of infrastructure, making the life of citizens convenient and pleasant and attracting more and more guests, is priority direction development in the capital administration.

Sights of modern Kazan

Today's Kazan full of new attractions that are an indicator of a new stage of development. Modern water parks, a hippodrome, the newest attractions of the Krylay park - it’s impossible to list them all. We will tell you about the most characteristic and memorable places by which one can judge the development trend of the metropolis.

The Millennium Bridge is the longest bridge across the Kazanka River, which connected the two parts of the metropolis for the solemn celebration of the millennium in 2005. It is decorated with a 45-meter pylon in the shape of the letter “M”, making it a unique architectural decoration of the capital of the Republic of Tatarstan.

One of the wonders of modern Kazan counts entertainment center"Pyramid". During the construction of the 30-meter complex in 1998, at the base of the foundation, Kazan residents laid a time capsule with an appeal to future residents. Under the dome of the pyramid is 13,700 sq. meters there is absolutely everything you need for entertainment, relaxation, fitness, business and friendly meetings. Concert hall can accommodate more than 1000 spectators in its comfortable seats. The very shape of the center already fills visitors with a charge of positive emotions. Performances pop stars and regular show programs make the center a popular holiday destination. Night illumination turns the pyramid into a mystical unearthly object and makes its visit especially memorable.

On the oldest square - for the millennium - a new grandiose administrative building of the Pension Fund appeared. A unique architectural solution, evoking memories of the ancient Roman Colosseum, harmoniously fit into the existing architectural ensemble. The complex volumetric composition of the building is decorated with a stained glass design, giving the building lightness. The architects of the project managed to create a bridge between the past and the present Kazan And.

The Black Lake park area is one of the most popular vacation spots. In addition to the cozy shady alleys dissecting green spaces square, the entrance to the recreation area is decorated with the Arch of Lovers. It is designed with one feature that creates a unique sound effect: lovers located at different ends of the arch can hear a declaration of love from their chosen one, spoken in a whisper. The miracle of architecture is already more than 70 years old - only it knows how many declarations of love were pronounced under its arches.

The cities of the republic continue their development together with their residents - they become better, more interesting, more beautiful day by day! Of course, to convey all the beauty major cities Tatarstan is impossible. Folk wisdom This is what he says: it is better to see once than to hear a hundred times. So, if anyone happens to travel to the republic, be sure to visit the cities we talked about. There will definitely be no regrets, and the impressions and pleasure gained will be worth it to make a longer tour of the cities Tatarstan!

All cities of Tatarstan have unique features, and at the same time, there is a connecting link that unites them. First of all, they are united by the fact that they are settlements of a single republic with a distinctive culture. But what are the cities of the Republic of Tatarstan like? The list and population size in these settlements, as well as other features, will be the subject of our study.

General information about the Republic of Tatarstan

Before we start exploring individual cities of Tatarstan, let's find out brief information about this republic in general.

Tatarstan is located in the middle Volga region, and is part of the Volga region federal district. In the south it borders with the Ulyanovsk, Samara and Orenburg regions, in the southeast with Bashkiria, in the northeast with the Republic of Udmurtia, in the north with the Kirov region, in the west and northwest with the Republics of Mari El and Chuvashia.

The republic is located in a temperate climate zone with a temperate continental climate. The total area of ​​Tatarstan is 67.8 thousand square meters. km, and the population is 3868.7 thousand people. In terms of population, this republic ranks seventh among all subjects of the federation. The population density is 57.0 people/sq. km.

Tatarstan is the city of Kazan.

For a long time, the territory of modern Tatarstan was inhabited by Finno-Ugric tribes. In the 7th century, the Turkic tribes of the Bulgars came here and founded their own state, which was destroyed by the Mongol-Tatars in the 13th century. After this, the lands of Tatarstan were included in the Golden Horde, and as a result of the mixing of the Bulgars with the alien Turkic peoples, modern Tatars were formed. After the collapse of the Golden Horde, an independent one was formed here, which was included in the Russian kingdom under Ivan the Terrible in the 16th century. Since then, ethnic Russians began to actively populate the region. The Kazan province was formed here. In 1917, the province was transformed into the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. After the breakup Soviet Union, in 1992 the Republic of Tatarstan was formed.

List of cities in Tatarstan

Now let's list the cities of the Republic of Tatarstan. A list by population is provided below.

• Kazan - 1217.0 thousand inhabitants.
• Naberezhnye Chelny - 526.8 thousand inhabitants.
• Almetyevsk - 152.6 thousand inhabitants.
• Zelenodolsk - 98.8 thousand inhabitants.
• Bugulma - 86.0 thousand inhabitants.
• Elabuga - 73.3 thousand inhabitants.
• Leninogorsk - 63.3 thousand inhabitants.
• Chistopol - 60.9 thousand inhabitants.
• Zainsk - 40.9 thousand inhabitants.
• Nizhnekamsk - 36.2 thousand inhabitants.
• Nurlat - 33.1 thousand inhabitants.
• Mendeleevsk - 22.1 thousand inhabitants.
• Bavly - 22.2 thousand inhabitants.
• Buinsk - 20.9 thousand inhabitants.
• Arsk - 20.0 thousand inhabitants.
• Agryz - 19.7 thousand inhabitants.
• Menzelinsk - 17.0 thousand inhabitants.
• Mamadysh - 15.6 thousand inhabitants.
• Tetyushi - 11.4 thousand inhabitants.

We have listed all the cities of Tatarstan by population. Now we will talk about the largest of them in more detail.

Kazan is the capital of the republic

The cities of Tatarstan should begin to be represented from its capital - Kazan. Presumably this city was founded around the year 1000, during the existence of the Bulgarian kingdom. But the city reached its real prosperity during the Golden Horde. And, especially after the separation of the lands of the middle Volga region into a separate khanate, the capital of which was Kazan. This state was called the Kazan Khanate. But even after these territories were annexed to the Russian kingdom, the city did not lose its significance, remaining one of the largest centers of Russia. After the formation of the USSR, it became the capital and after its collapse it became the capital of the Republic of Tatarstan, which is a subject of the Russian Federation.

The city is located on an area of ​​425.3 square meters. km and has a population of 1.217 million inhabitants, the density of which is 1915 people/1 sq. km. Since 2002, the dynamics of changes in the number of people living in Kazan has had a constant upward trend. Among ethnic groups Russians and Tatars predominate, respectively accounting for 48.6% and 47.6% of the total population. There are much fewer representatives of other nationalities, among which the Chuvash, Ukrainians and Mari should be highlighted. Their share in the total population does not even reach 1%.

Among the religions, Sunni Islam and Orthodox Christianity are the most widespread.

The basis of the city's economy is the petrochemical and engineering industries, but, as in any large center, many other manufacturing sectors, as well as trade and services, are developed.

Kazan is the largest city in Tatarstan. A photo of this important center in the European part of Russia is located above. As you can see, this settlement has a modern appearance.

Naberezhnye Chelny - mechanical engineering center

Speaking about other cities of Tatarstan, one cannot fail to mention Naberezhnye Chelny. The first settlement here was founded by Russians in 1626. Its original name was Chalninsky Pochinok, but then the village was renamed Mysovye Chelny. In 1930, a new renaming took place, as the city began to be called Krasnye Chelny, which had ideological overtones. In addition, nearby was the village of Berezhnye Chelny, which received city status in the same 1930. From the merger of these two settlements Naberezhnye Chelny was formed.

The city developed most intensively in the 1960-1970s, during the Brezhnev era. It was then that KamAZ trucks were built to produce. From a small town, Naberezhnye Chelny turned into the second largest settlement in the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic after Kazan. After the death of the General Secretary of the CPSU in 1982, the city was renamed Brezhnev in his honor. But in 1988, Naberezhnye Chelny was returned to its previous name.

Naberezhnye Chelny is the second settlement in terms of population and area in the region. It covers an area of ​​171 square meters. km, which accommodates a population of 526.8 thousand people. Its density is 3080.4 people/1 sq. km. Since 2009, the population in the city has been constantly growing.

This is also where the majority of Tatars and Russians live - 47.4% and 44.9%, respectively. More than 1% of the total number are Chuvash, Ukrainians and Bashkirs. There are slightly fewer Udmurts, Maris and Mordovians.

Nizhnekamsk is the youngest city of Tatarstan

Nizhnekamsk has the title of the youngest city in the republic. The regions of Tatarstan cannot boast of a city that was founded later than it. The construction of Nizhnekamsk was planned in 1958. The beginning of construction itself dates back to 1960.

Currently in Nizhnekamsk, located on an area of ​​63.5 square meters. km, home to 236.2 thousand people, which makes it the third most populous city in the region, after Kazan and Naberezhnye Chelny. The density is 3719.6 people/1 sq. km.

Tatars and Russians have approximately equal numbers and make up 46.5% and 46.1%, respectively. There are 3% Chuvash in the city, 1% each of Bashkirs and Ukrainians.

The basis of the city's economy is the petrochemical industry.

Almetyevsk is one of the oldest cities in Tatarstan

But the first settlement on the territory of modern Almetyevsk, on the contrary, was founded relatively long ago. It was originally called Almetyevo, and its foundation dates back to the 18th century. But it received city status only in 1953.

The population of Almetyevo is 152.6 thousand people. It is located on a territorial area of ​​115 square meters. km and has a density of 1327 people/1 sq. km.

The absolute majority are Tatars - 55.2%. There are slightly fewer Russians - 37.1%. Next in number come the Chuvash and Mordovians.

Zelenodolsk - a city on the Volga

The foundation of Zelenodolsk differs from the emergence of most other cities of Tatarstan in that it was founded not by Russians or Tatars, but by the Mari. Its original name was Porat, then it was replaced by Kabachishchi and Paratsk. In 1928 it received the name Zeleny Dol, and in 1932, in connection with its transformation into a city, Zelenodolsk.

The population of the city is 98.8 thousand people. with an area of ​​37.7 sq. km, and density - 2617.6 people/1 sq. km. Among the nationalities, Russians (67%) and Tatars (29.1%) predominate.

Bugulma - regional center

The regional center of the Bugulma district is the city of Bugulma. The settlement in this place was founded in 1736, and it received city status in 1781.

The population in Bugulma is 86.1 thousand people. The territory of the city is 27.87 square meters. km. Density - 3088.8 people/1 sq. km. IN national composition The population is dominated by Russians and Tatars.

General characteristics of the cities of Tatarstan

We have studied in detail the largest cities of the Republic of Tatarstan. The largest of them is the capital of the republic, Kazan, with a population of 1.217 million inhabitants. This is the only millionaire city in the republic. Three more settlements in the region have a population exceeding 100 thousand people.

The majority of the population of the cities of Tatarstan are Russians and Tatars. Among other peoples there are relatively many Ukrainians, Chuvash, Mari, Udmurts and Bashkirs. The predominant religions are Orthodox Christianity and Islam. In addition, several other religions are common.

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Books

• Kazan. Between East and West (16+), Suprunenko Yu.P.. The next issue of the book in the “Historical Guide” series is dedicated to Kazan. Readers are invited on a journey through the capital of Tatarstan and its environs by the famous geographer, writer and local historian Yu.…
• Kazan. Between East and West, Suprunenko Yu.. The next issue of the book in the “Historical Guide” series is dedicated to Kazan. Readers are invited on a journey through the capital of Tatarstan and its environs by the famous geographer, writer and local historian Yu.…

NABEREZHNYE CHELNY(in 1982-1988 Brezhnev), a city in the Russian Federation, the Republic of Tatarstan, is located in the Kama region, 225 km east of Kazan. A pier on the left bank of the Kama, 17 km from the Krugloye Pole railway station on the Agryz - Akbash line. Airport. District center. Population 513.5 thousand people (2001). Founded in 1626. City since 1930.

Basic industrial enterprises: OJSC "KAMAZ" (trucks and cars). Nizhnekamsk hydroelectric power station. Mechanical repair plant; PA "Tatelektromash" Production of building materials. Food enterprises (meat processing plant, bakery plant, brewery, municipal food processing plant, as well as a meat processing plant and dairy plant in the village of Sidorovka), woodworking (furniture factory) and light industry.
The first Russian settlers organized the repair of Cape Chelny in 1626 on land previously abandoned by the population, which was empty and overgrown with forest. Previously, a semi-nomadic population lived here, but left these lands, this probably happened in the period after the conquest of the Kazan Khanate. In the title, the word “chelny” is a reinterpretation of the Turkic “challa” (mountain, slope, bare hill) into the Russian “chelny” (boat). In 1982-88. the city was called Brezhnev after the name of the Soviet party and statesman L. I. Brezhnev (1906-82). The rapid development of urban construction began in 1969 in connection with the construction of the KamAZ plant.

Naberezhnye Chelny. Boulevard of Enthusiasts.

Educational and cultural institutions: Kama Polytechnic Institute, Naberezhnye Chelny State pedagogical institute, Non-state religious and philosophical institute, Maharishi Vedic University, branch of the Volgograd State Academy of Physical Culture. Puppet Theatre.

On the outskirts of the city there is the climatic resort area of ​​Tarlovka.

ZELENODOLSK, a city in Tataria, a regional center, located on the left bank of the Volga, 38 km west of Kazan. Pier, Zeleny Dol railway junction. Population 99.6 thousand inhabitants (2001). The village of Zeleny Dol was founded in 1865, the city since 1932.

Main industrial enterprises: “Sergo Plant” (machine-building), Gorky shipbuilding plant, plywood and furniture plant, clothing and furniture factory. There is a branch of Kazansky in the city state university. Raifa Bogoroditsky Monastery is located 21 km from Zelenodolsk. Near the city are the Raifsky section of the Volga-Kama Nature Reserve and the Vasilyevsky climatic resort.

NIZHNEKAMSK, a city in the Russian Federation, the Republic of Tatarstan, is located in the Kama region, on the left bank of the river. Kama, 35 km from the Krugloye Pole railway station, 237 km east of Kazan. River port. District center. Population 224.4 thousand people (2001). Founded in the early 1960s. City since 1966.

Main industrial enterprises: OJSC Nizhnekamskneftekhim (ethylene glycol, rubber, diesel fuel, gasoline for chemical industry), "Nizhnekamskshina"; food and light industry enterprises.

It emerged as a village during the construction of the Nizhnekamsk plant.

Educational institutions: Nizhnekamsk Chemical-Technological Institute of Kazan State Technological University, branch of the Kazan Institute of Business and Management, branch of the Moscow Humanitarian-Economic Institute.

ALMETYEVSK, a city in the Russian Federation, the Republic of Tatarstan, is located in the Kama region, on the slopes of the Bugulma-Belebeevskaya Upland, on the left bank of the river. Zai (tributary of the Kama River), 16 km northwest of the Almetyevskaya railway station, 279 km southeast of Kazan. Population 140.7 thousand people (2001). Founded in 1950. City since 1953.

The coat of arms of Almetyevsk was adopted on October 9, 1987.

Almetyevsk- largest center oil industry Tataria. Main industries: oil and gas production (Romashkinskoye oil and gas field); production of machinery and equipment for the oil industry (factories: submersible electric pumps, auto-tractor repair, pipe, gas processing, Neftemash, tire repair); production of building materials (factories: brick, reinforced concrete products, clay powder). Hosiery factory. Food enterprises. Almetyevsk is the starting point of the Druzhba main oil pipeline, oil pipelines in Nizhny Novgorod, Perm, Samara, etc.

From the 17th century on site modern city there were settlements. Founded as a working village of Almetyevo in connection with the discovery and development of oil fields. Educational and cultural institutions: Academy of Oil and Gas named after I.M. Gubkin, branch of the Kazan Institute of Business and Management. Drama Theater. Art Gallery.

CHISTOPOL, a city (since 1781) in the Russian Federation, Republic of Tatarstan, located on the left bank of the river. Kama (Kuibyshev Reservoir), 125 km from the Nurlat railway station, 144 km southeast of Kazan. Road junction. Airport. District center. Population 66.2 thousand people (2001).

Main industrial enterprises: factories - “Vostok” (hourly), repair, “Automotive special equipment”, auto repair, distillery. Factories: sewing, knitting, shoe, furniture, confectionery. Combines: meat, dairy and others. Deposits of marls and glass sands have been discovered in the Chistopol region.

Initially at the beginning of the 18th century. The village of Chistoe Pole was founded. A city since 1781, the center of the Chistopol district, the name gradually transformed into Chistopol. At the end of the 19th century. Chistopol is a major grain trading center. Until 1917 - the second most important city in the Kazan province (after Kazan).

Chistopol is the birthplace of the chemist A. M. Butlerov and the composer S. A. Gubaidulina.
Scientific, educational and cultural institutions: design and technology bureau "Vector"; Faculty of Kazan State Technical University.

Museum of Local Lore (Museum of the county town). Literary Museum B. L. Pasternak, Museum of the History of the Watch Factory.

Chistopol. St. Nicholas Cathedral.

Architectural monuments: St. Nicholas Cathedral (1838). In the Chistopol region, the remains of the Golden Horde city of Dzhuke-Tau (10-15 centuries) have been preserved.

BUGULMA, a city in the Russian Federation, the Republic of Tatarstan, is located in the Kama region, on the slopes of the Bugulma-Belebeevskaya Upland, at the confluence of the river. Bugulminka in the river. Zai (Volga River basin). Railroad station. Airport. District center. Population 93.1 thousand people (2001). Founded in 1736 as a settlement. Received city status in 1781.

Main industry: oil production (PA Tatneftegeofizika, Nefteavtomatika). Factories: mechanical, brick, reinforced concrete products, electrical equipment, mechanical repair, porcelain. Food industry (meat, dairy plants), production of building materials. Cattle are bred in the area, cage fur farming (mink, nutria, fox, fur mink), and beekeeping are developed. Deposits of bitumen, construction sand, clay, limestone, and dolomite have been discovered.

Since the 1950s in connection with the discovery of oil fields - the center of the oil-producing region of Tatarstan.

The city is home to the Oil Research and Design Institute.

Museums: local history, Czech writer J. Hasek.

Architectural monuments: 18th century church. in the village of Spasskoye; Michael the Archangel Church (1898-1902) and Peter and Paul Church (1841) in the village of Klyuchi; water mill (late 19th century) in the village of Petrovka. Elias Church (1827) in the village of Soldatskaya Pismyanka, Epiphany Church (1806) in the village of Sula, Dionysian Church in the village of Chirkovo.

ELABUGA, a city in the Russian Federation, Republic of Tatarstan, located on the river. Kama, at the confluence of the river. Toima, 79 km from the Kizner railway station, 215 km east of Kazan. District center. Population 67.2 thousand people (2001). Founded in the second half of the 16th century. City since 1780.

The most important industries: oil, light, food. Plants: automobile (ElAZ) and valves.

It originated as the Tatar village of Alabuga. With the increase in the share of the Russian population in the village, a Orthodox Church and a particularly revered icon of the Three Saints (Basily the Great, Gregory the Theologian and John Chrysostom) appears, according to legend, donated to the church by Tsar Ivan the Terrible. From that time on, the village became a village with the name Trekhsvyatskoe; also used additionally Tatar name in a distorted form Elabuga. From the end of the 17th century. Trekhsvyatskoye was known as a palace village. From 1780 - county town Elabuga. For some time the city was part of the Vyatka governorate. Due to its convenient geographical location, in the 18th - 19th centuries. Elabuga was actively developing as a shopping center.

Elabuga is the birthplace of the artist I. I. Shishkin.

Educational and cultural institutions: Yelabuga State Pedagogical Institute. Museums: im. M. I. Tsvetaeva (died and buried in Yelabuga), historical, architectural and art museum-reserve, museum of local lore (exhibition includes objects of Ananino culture (8-3 centuries BC), fragments of ceramics of the Bulgar period (12 -14th centuries), weapons of the Peasant War of 1773-74, clothing and national jewelry of the Tatars, Russians, Udmurts, Mari).

Elabuga. Damn town. In the background on the left is the Spassky Cathedral.

Among the architectural monuments of Yelabuga - Elabuga (Devil's) settlement on the site of an ancient Bulgarian city, preserving the remains of three lines of fortifications; Kazan-Bogoroditsky Monastery (1868), Great Spassky Cathedral, Nikolskaya, Pokrovskaya and Trinity Church (first third of the 19th century). The building of the Diocesan School, built in 1898-1903, is a monument of civil architecture.

Not far from Yelabuga there is the Ananyinsky burial ground, which gave the name to a whole stage in the history of the Finno-Ugric peoples of the Early Iron Age (7-3 centuries BC).

Tetyushi

Tetyushi, a regional center in Tataria, 180 km south of Kazan. Located on the Volga, on the banks of the Kuibyshev Reservoir (pier), 45 km east of the Bua railway station on the Kazan - Ulyanovsk line. Population 10.9 thousand people (1992; 4.8 thousand in 1897; 4.8 thousand in 1926; 10.4 thousand in 1979).
Founded in 1574-78 (according to other sources, in 1555-57) as the Tetyushskaya outpost. In 1781 it was appointed a district town of the Kazan governorship (from 1796 - a province). At the end of the 19th century. in T. there were 4 churches and a mosque, a district school, a women's school, a Tatar school for boys, a Tatar women's madrasah, a zemstvo hospital, an almshouse, and an orphanage were opened. The main occupations of the residents were trading bread, fishing, and maintaining the pier. 2 fairs were held annually. In modern T.: factories - dairy, meat, bakery products; factories - fishery, brewing, feed milling, mechanical (branch of Kazan Helicopter Plant); woodworking industry enterprises (furniture factory, etc.); brick factory, etc. Museum of Local Lore. Among the ancient buildings of T., the Kazan Cathedral has been preserved Mother of God(formerly Trinity; 1773).
The artist M.V. Kupriyanov, one of the leaders of the Kukryniksy creative community, was born in T.

NURLAT, a regional center in Tataria, 268 km southeast of Kazan. Located on the river Kondurcha (Volga basin). Railway station on the line Ulyanovsk - Chelyabinsk. Airport. Population 25.0 thousand people (1992; 18.3 thousand in 1979).
The city has been around since 1961. Nizhny Novgorod is the center of an agricultural region with industry focused on processing local raw materials. Sugar, feed mills, mechanical repair plants; meat and dairy plants.

Menzelinsk

Menzelinsk, a regional center in Tataria, 292 km east of Kazan. Located in the Kama region, on the low bank of the river. Menzel, 65 km east of the Krugloye Pole railway station on the Agryz - Akbash line. Airport. Population 15.2 thousand people (1992; 7.5 thousand in 1897; 7.5 thousand in 1926; 17.4 thousand in 1979).
Founded 1584-86. In 1781 it received the status of a district town of the Ufa province. At the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th centuries. there were 6 churches, a mosque, a convent, a zemstvo hospital, a women's gymnasium, a city school, etc., there were a brewery, an alcohol purification plant, a treacle plant, a match plant, a candle factory, and brick factories. The Menzelin Fair was known far beyond the borders of the province. Modern Moscow is the center of an agricultural region with enterprises for processing local raw materials. Exploration Drilling Department. Drama Theater.
M. is the birthplace of the surgeon Academician V.N. Shamov. The Tatar poet Musa Jalil studied in Moscow.

MENDELEEVSK, a regional center in Tataria, 238 km east of Kazan. Located in the Kama region, 4 km from the Tikhie Gory pier (on the Kama), 70 km south of the Mozhga railway station on the Kazan - Agryz line, 15 km from the Tikhonovo railway station on the Agryz - Bugulma line. Population 20.1 thousand people (1992; 13.8 thousand in 1979).
M. grew up near a chemical plant founded in mid-19th V. and reconstructed in the years Soviet power; until 1967 - Bondyuzhsky village. Renamed in honor of D.I. Mendeleev, who worked here at a chemical plant. In modern M. there is a chemical plant and a production plant mineral fertilizers.
Near M. - oil production.

Mamadysh

Mamadysh, a regional center in Tataria, 167 km east of Kazan. Located in the Kama region, on the right bank of the river. Vyatka (tributary of the Kama), 80 km southeast of the Kukmor railway station on the Kazan - Yekaterinburg line. Population 12.7 thousand people (1992).
According to legend, the city received its name after the first settler - a Volga Tatar, who moved here from the city of Bulgar, devastated by Tamerlane. Under Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich, Russian settlers appeared in M., calling M. Troitsky village. In 1781 it received the status of a county town. In modern Moscow: a cotton factory, shoe production and other enterprises.

LENINOGORSK, in Tataria, republican subordination, regional center, 322 km southeast of Kazan. Located on the slopes of the Bugulma-Belebeevskaya Upland. Railway station (Pismyanka) on the Akbash - Naberezhnye Chelny line. Population 64.1 thousand people (1992; 53.1 thousand in 1979).
The emergence of a workers' settlement on the site of the village of Novaya Pismyanka is associated with the discovery in 1948 and development of the Romashkinskoye oil field. The city of Latvia - since 1955. Modern Latvia is one of the centers of oil and gas production. Factories: "Automotive special equipment", automation. Production of building materials. Faculty of the State Academy of Oil and Gas. Museum of the History of Tatar Oil. Showroom.

Laishevo

LAISHEVO, an urban-type settlement, a regional center in Tataria, 62 km southeast of Kazan. Located on the shore of the Kuibyshev Reservoir. Population 6.9 thousand people (1989; 3.7 thousand in 1897; 3.8 thousand in 1926; 6.5 thousand in 1979).
In 1781 the district town of Laishev of the Kazan governorship was formed. Since 1926 - a rural settlement, since 1950 - an urban-type settlement.

ZAINSK, in Tataria, republican subordination, regional center, 287 km east of Kazan. Located in the Kama region, on the river. Stepnoy Zai (a tributary of the Kama), near the railway station of the same name on the Agryz - Bugulma line, on the Almetyevsk - Naberezhnye Chelny highway, 55 km southwest of the Naberezhnye Chelny pier. Population 38.5 thousand people (1992; 30.0 thousand in 1979).
Founded in 1652-56 as a border fortress on the Zakamskaya line - a military line from the Volga to the mouth of the river. Ik. Until 1978 - the village of Novy Zay, then the city of Z. In modern Z.: the KamAZ automobile assembly plant, a plant of reinforced concrete structures, a plant of experimental modular metal structures; construction plant; food enterprises (sugar factory, etc.). GRES. Lespromkhoz.

Bulgar

Bulgar, Bolgar, regional center in Tataria, 140 km south of Kazan. Located in the Volga region, on the shore of the Kuibyshev reservoir (pier), 100 km north of the Cherdakly railway station on the Ulyanovsk - Ufa line. Airport. Population 8.4 thousand people (1992; 2.8 thousand in 1897; 3.5 thousand in 1926; 8.2 thousand in 1979).
Formed in 1781 on the Volga under the name Spassk - from the village of Spassk (Chertykovo). It served as a transshipment point for agricultural goods (mainly rye, rye flour, buckwheat, oats) for neighboring cities. At the end of the 19th century. In Spassk there was a church, a hospital, an almshouse, 3 schools, and a bank. In 1926-35 - Spassk-Tatarsky, in 1935-91 - Kuibyshev. Modern Bulgaria is the center of an agricultural region, dominated by food industry enterprises (meat processing plants, etc.).
To the south of modern Bulgaria is the settlement of Bolgar (Bulgar), the ancient capital of Volga-Kama Bulgaria (X-XIV centuries). Stone and brick structures of the 12th-14th centuries have been preserved, including a multi-columned cathedral mosque, the so-called Black Chamber (a cubic domed building of the 14th century), mausoleums, the White and Red Chambers ( public baths), Christian temple of the Armenian colony. Architectural and Archaeological Museum-Reserve.

BUINSK, a regional center in Tataria, 137 km southwest of Kazan. Located in the Volga region, on the left bank of the river. Karla (left tributary of the Sviyaga river). Railway station (Bua) on the Ulyanovsk - Sviyazhsk line. Road junction (Kazan - Ulyanovsk, etc.). Population 17.2 thousand people (1992; 4.2 thousand in 1897; 4.7 thousand in 1926; 15.5 thousand in 1979).
The first chronicle mention dates back to 1691. In 1780 it received the status of a district town of the Simbirsk governorship. Since 1830, autumn and winter fairs have been held annually. TO end of the 19th century V. in B. - a stone cathedral and a stone chapel, a wooden mosque, a Tatar madrasah; a district school was opened; There were 2 tanneries, 5 brick factories, a pottery and other factories, and 6 flour mills. Since 1922, a leather factory, a steam mill, and a forging and metalworking workshop were put into operation.
In modern B.: electromechanical plant; ribbon weaving and cotton factories; enterprises of the food-flavoring industry (meat-processing plant, butter-cheese-making plant, yeast and sugar factories, shag factory). The Trinity Church and mosque are still in operation (after restoration).

Arsk

Arsk, an urban-type settlement, a regional center in Tataria, 65 km northeast of Kazan. Located on the river Kazanka (tributary of the Volga). Railway station on the Kazan - Izhevsk line. Road junction. Population 13.7 thousand people (1989; 1.2 thousand in 1897; 2.6 thousand in 1926; 11.5 thousand in 1979). Founded according to legend by Batu Khan in the 13th century. In 1552, by decree of Ivan the Terrible, a governor with archers was sent to A., and in 1606 A. became a fortress.
In 1781 the district town of A. was formed, and in 1775 it was left to the state. Since 1926 - a rural settlement, since 1938 - an urban-type settlement.

AZNAKAEVO, in Tatarstan, republican subordination, regional center, 376 km from Kazan. Located in the Kama region, on the slopes of the Bugulma-Belebeevskaya Upland, 34 km north of the Yutaza railway station on the Ulyanovsk - Ufa line. Population 34.3 thousand people (1992; 25.8 thousand in 1979).
City - since 1987. In A. - enterprises of construction materials and food industry, an automobile repair plant.
Near A. - oil and gas production.

AGRYZ, a regional center in Tataria, 304 km east of Kazan. Located at the foot of the Sarapul Upland, on the banks of the river. Agryzka (Volga basin). A large transport hub of railway lines to Kazan, Yekaterinburg, Izhevsk. Airport. Population 19.4 thousand people (1992; 20.3 thousand in 1959; 18.9 thousand in 1979).
Founded as a village due to construction railway Kazan - Ekaterinburg. The city has been since 1938. A. is the center of an agricultural region. Railway transport enterprises, brick factory.