Biography - Griboedov Alexander Sergeevich. Biography of Griboedov: interesting facts

The creator of the delightful comedy "Woe from Wit", which was later simply disassembled into quotes. Decembrists, talented musician and the smartest diplomat. And all this is Alexander Sergeevich Griboedov. A short biography always contains only superficial data. It will be revealed here detailed information, based on official facts, which were confirmed by archival documents. This author has had to go through so much. Ups and downs, intrigues and duels, inner experiences and, of course, tender affection for his young wife.

Future writer Griboyedov. Biography. Photo

The very story of Griboyedov’s birth is still shrouded in mystery. If we take various biographical data or track records of Alexander Sergeevich, then significant differences in dates immediately become noticeable. Therefore, the year of birth cannot be determined exactly, but approximately between one thousand seven hundred and ninety and ninety-five.

Moreover, many biographers speculate that Griboyedov was illegitimate. This is why the dates of his birth in all archival documents are so inaccurate. His mother's family deliberately hid this fact. Later, a husband was found who hid the girl’s shame and took her with the child. He also had the last name Griboyedov and was one of the poor relatives.

Father and mother of the great writer

A man of low education, a retired major, his father subsequently very rarely appeared in the family, preferring to stay in the village. There he devoted all his time to card games, which significantly depleted his fortune.

Alexander Sergeevich’s mother was a fairly rich and noble lady who became known not only in Moscow, but also beyond its environs as a wonderful pianist. The woman is very domineering and harsh, but she surrounded her children with warmth and care, and also gave them a wonderful home education. Her family came from Lithuania, their surname was Grzybowski. And only in the sixteenth century the family received the surname Griboedov.

Moreover, the Griboyedov family was related to such famous names, like the Odoevskys, Rimsky-Korsakovs, Naryshkins. And they made acquaintances with a fairly wide circle of the capital’s nobility.

The beginning of little Alexander's education

In 1802, Alexander entered the Moscow University boarding school, received several awards there for excellent teaching, and at the age of eleven he already became a candidate of literary sciences. Carefully studies many sciences.

All this is just a youthful biography of Griboyedov. Interesting Facts The writer's life concerns a later period. The only point that needs to be noted is that, despite his excellent learning abilities, Alexander Sergeevich decides to devote himself to military service.

Beginning of a military career

Since 1812, the facts of Griboedov’s biography are directly related to military career. Initially, he was enrolled in Saltykov’s regiment, which spent the entire fall in the Kazan province, never joining the active army.

After the death of the count, this regiment was attached to the command of General Kologrivy. And Alexander ends up as his adjutant, where he becomes very close to Begichev. Without becoming a participant in a single battle, Griboedov resigned and came to St. Petersburg.

Getting to know theater and literary circles

Enough interesting biography Griboedov begins with a service at the State Collegium, where he meets the famous Kuchelbecker and Pushkin. At the same time, he begins to communicate in theatrical and literary communities.

Moreover, in 1816, Alexander became a member of the Masonic lodge, which included Pestel, Chaadaev and even the future head of the imperial chancellery Benckendorff.

Various intrigues and theatrical hobbies - all this includes the further biography of Griboedov. Interesting facts from this period of the writer’s life indicate that he was drawn into an unpleasant story connected with the dancer Istomina. Because of her, a duel took place between Sheremetyev and Zavadovsky, which ended in the death of the former.

This greatly influenced the future writer; life in St. Petersburg became simply unbearable for him, as rumors began to spread throughout the city that he was a pimp and a coward. And Alexander Griboyedov, whose biography was impeccable in terms of courage and courage, could no longer stand this.

Trip to the Caucasus

At the same time, the financial situation of Griboyedov’s mother deteriorated significantly, and he had to seriously think about his future. At the beginning of 1818, a Russian embassy was formed at the Persian court. And Alexander Sergeevich accepts a new appointment there as secretary. He took his new position seriously enough and began to intensively study Persian and Arabic, as well as get acquainted with various literature about the East.

Arriving in Tiflis, Griboedov immediately participates in a duel with Yakubovich, but, fortunately, no one was hurt. Moreover, the opponents immediately made peace. Soon, Alexander Sergeevich becomes the favorite of General Ermolov, sincere conversations constantly take place between them, which had a huge influence on Griboyedov.

Life and creativity in Tabriz

In 1819 Russian mission arrives at the residence, which was located in Tabriz. Here Alexander wrote the first lines of the famous “Woe from Wit”.

It was at this time that the biography of Griboedov became particularly interesting, the interesting facts of which indicate that the writer, despite the embitterment of the Persians, was able to achieve the release of seventy Russian soldiers and bring them to the territory of Tiflis. And General Ermolov even nominated Alexander Sergeevich for the award.

Griboedov stayed here until 1823, citing the need for long-term treatment. Meanwhile, he continued studying oriental languages and writing “Woe from Wit,” scenes of which, as they were being created, he read to his friend Kuchelbecker. This is how it was born not only famous work, but also a new biography: Griboedov the writer and great creator.

Homecoming

In 1823, in March, Alexander Sergeevich returned to Moscow and met with his friend Begichev. She remains to live in his house and continue to work on her work. Now he often reads his creation in literary circles, and with Prince Vyazemsky he even writes a vaudeville, which is called “Who is the brother, who is the sister, or Deception after deception.”

Then the writer moves to St. Petersburg specifically in order to obtain permission to publish his creation. Unfortunately, it was not possible to publish the work in full, but some excerpts were published, which caused an avalanche of criticism.

And when Alexander Sergeevich read out his comedy in artistic circles, he received maximum positive emotions. But, despite great connections, it was never possible to stage the comedy on stage.

Thus began to be born great writer Alexander Griboyedov, whose biography is now known to almost every schoolchild.

Decembrist Alexander Griboyedov

But the joy from the stunning success did not last long, Griboyedov began to have sad thoughts more and more often, and he decided to go on a trip to the Crimea and visit Kyiv.

Alexander Sergeevich meets here with his friends - Trubetskoy and Bestuzhev-Ryumin, who are members of the secret society of Decembrists.

They immediately have the idea of involving Alexander, but he then political views was not interested, but continued to enjoy the beauty of those places and studied all sorts of sights. But depression does not leave him, and at the end of September Alexander Sergeevich joined the detachment of General Velyaminov. Here he writes his poem “Predators on Chegem”.

Soon Ermolov received a message that Alexander should be detained because of his involvement in the uprising, and he secretly told the writer about this. But despite this, the arrest still took place. This is how the Decembrist Griboyedov appeared. The biography is short but sad. Alexander spent about six months in prison, and then was not only released, but also invited to a reception with the king, where he asked in vain for pardon for his friends.

The further fate of the writer after the unsuccessful uprising

The first months of summer 1826 famous writer lived at Bulgarin's dacha. This is a particularly difficult period, and Griboyedov, whose biography and work these days are filled with sadness and pain for his executed and exiled comrades, decides to move to Moscow.

Here he finds himself in the thick of things. Ermolov is dismissed due to insufficient competence in commanding troops, and Alexander is transferred to serve under Paskevich. Very often, Griboyedov, a writer and poet, now began to experience attacks of fever and nervous attacks.

At this time, Russia and Türkiye were launching military operations; a professional diplomat was needed in the East. Naturally, they send Alexander Sergeevich, despite the fact that he made every effort to refuse. Nothing helped.

In any literature where Griboedov is mentioned (biography, photos and other information relating to his life), it is impossible to find any facts about why this talented man was so urgently sent on this mission, which turned out to be fatal for him. Was this not the king's deliberate revenge for participating in the uprising for which he was accused? After all, it turns out that then Alexander’s future fate was already predetermined.

From the moment he was appointed to this position, Griboyedov begins to mope more and more, anticipating his imminent death. He constantly repeated even to his friends that this was where his grave would be. And on the sixth of June, Alexander Sergeevich leaves St. Petersburg forever. But in Tiflis there is a lot waiting for him. an important event. He marries Princess Chavchavadze, whom he had known for many years and knew her as a child.

Now his young wife accompanies Griboedov, he constantly writes letters to friends filled with wonderful epithets about his young Nina. The writer arrived in Tehran for the New Year holidays, and initially everything went well. But then, due to controversial issues regarding prisoners, conflicts began, and already on January 30, a group of armed men, inspired by the Muslim clergy, attacked the premises in which the great writer and diplomat was located.

This is how Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov was killed, whose biography and work ended completely unexpectedly for everyone. And they will forever remain an irreplaceable loss.

Date of birth: January 15, 1795
Date of death: February 11, 1829
Place of birth: Moscow

Griboyedov Alexander Sergeevich- talented Russian diplomat, Griboyedov A.S.- a famous playwright, a brilliant poet, a gifted pianist and composer, a true nobleman and State Councilor.

Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov was born on January 15, 1795 in Moscow. The future famous playwright, a wonderful poet, a wonderful pianist and composer, as well as a subtle diplomat and a convinced nobleman, was the descendants of the Poles who moved to Russia in the 17th century. Their last name sounded like Grzhibovsky, but was translated into Russian.

His father, Sergei Ivanovich, was a retired officer who, in his youth, caroused and played cards from morning to evening. His mother came from the same Polish family, was a very strong and domineering woman, confident in herself and her abilities.

Alexander Griboedov spent his entire childhood in Moscow with his sister and on his mother’s family estate in the Smolensk province. Since his childhood, many relatives were amazed at the perseverance and hard work of Griboedov, who played the flute and piano excellently, sang beautifully, wrote poetry and composed musical opuses.

Like all nobles, he received an excellent home education under the leadership of I. D. Petrosilius, a famous scientist. In 1803, he entered a boarding school at Moscow University, three years later he entered the Faculty of Literature, and in 1808 he defended his PhD in Literary Sciences. After graduating from the Faculty of Literature, he entered the moral and political department, and then the physics and mathematics department.

He himself studied foreign languages and mastered French, German, English, Italian, Greek, Latin, Arabic, Persian and Turkish to varying degrees. IN student years he also communicated quite closely with many Decembrists.

Mature years:

In 1812, with the beginning Patriotic War Alexander Griboedov voluntarily joins the army. He immediately enters the hussar regiment and receives the rank of cornet. His cavalry unit stood in reserve throughout the war; he never saw a real battle. Immediately after the end of the war, Griboyedov resigned.

After the war, he settled in St. Petersburg, where he began actively writing for the magazines “Son of the Fatherland” and “Bulletin of Europe”. In 1817, he co-founded the DuBien Masonic Lodge, and also became a member of the diplomatic department, the College of Foreign Affairs. At first he worked as a provincial secretary, and then became a translator. It was in the Northern capital that he met Pushkin, who greatly influenced his development as a writer. Griboyedov was forced to leave St. Petersburg after an unsuccessful duel between Zavadovsky and Sheremetev.

In 1818, having refused the post of diplomatic representative in America, he began to serve in the secretariat of the imperial chargé in Persia. He later ended up in Tiflis, where he met Yakubovich, with whom he had scores to settle from an ill-fated duel in St. Petersburg. He was also forced to fight and was seriously wounded in the left hand. In 1821, due to a serious hand injury, he went to Georgia, where he began working on “Woe from Wit.” A year later he becomes secretary under Ermolov.

In 1823, he returned to Russia and began to actively work on completing Woe from Wit; he also actively works with many representatives of Russian literature. About two years later he had to move to the Caucasus, where he stayed until 1826, and then was arrested as an accomplice in the Decembrist uprising.

No evidence was found, and therefore he was allowed to return to work in the Caucasus. He became an active participant in the development of diplomatic relations between Russia, Persia and Turkey, and was the initiator of the Turkmanchay Peace Treaty with Persia, which was beneficial for Russia, which became the final point in the war between these countries. After this, he became the main representative of Russia in Persia. In 1828, Griboyedov married Nina Chavchavadze.

In 1829, on a January morning, the Russian embassy in Tehran was attacked by radical Muslims. During the attack, all embassy employees were killed, including Griboyedov.

He was buried in Tiflis on Mount St. David. He was the initiator of the conclusion of an important diplomatic agreement between Russia and Persia, used a unique aphoristic method for constructing dialogues and narration in Woe from Wit, and was also one of the important propaganda tools of the Decembrists, using his creativity to expose the moral character of the nobles.

Important dates life of Alexander Griboyedov:

Born 1795
- Entered the noble boarding school at Moscow University in 1803
- Defense of the candidate's thesis and receipt of the title of Candidate of Literary Sciences in 1808
- Voluntary entry into the army in 1812
- Beginning of active literary collaboration with metropolitan magazines in 1815
- Membership in the Masonic lodge, entry into the diplomatic service, as well as participation in the duel between Sheremetev and Zavardovsky as a second in 1817
- Appointment to the secretariat of the Persian diplomatic mission and a duel with Yakubovich in 1818
- Moving to Georgia and starting work at Ermolov’s diplomatic mission in 1821
- Publication of “Woe from Wit” after returning to Russia in 1824
- Transfer to the Caucasus in 1825
- Arrest in the Decembrist case in 1826
- Conclusion of the Turkmanchay Peace Treaty after returning to diplomatic service, marriage to Nina Chavchavadze, transfer to Persia in 1828
- Attack on the Russian embassy in Tehran and death in 1829

Interesting facts from the life of Alexander Griboyedov:

Griboedov was seriously wounded in the left hand in a duel with Yakubovich, this wound later became an opportunity to identify the writer's corpse after he was mutilated beyond recognition by the embassy attackers
- Griboedov had no children; he gave birth to his only son after Griboedov’s death and died shortly after birth
- Griboyedov’s wife was a 15-year-old girl who remained faithful to her husband until the end of her days
- A huge diamond of natural origin "Shah", which is the pride of the Russian treasury, was presented to Emperor Nicholas II by Prince Khozrev-Mirza as an apology for the death of Griboyedov

Griboyedov Alexander Sergeevich (1795 - 1829), playwright, poet.

Born on January 4 (15 NS) in Moscow in the family of an officer of the Russian Guard, a nobleman. Received a comprehensive home education. At the age of seven he was sent to the Moscow University boarding school. Eleven years old Griboyedov is a student at Moscow University. After graduating from the verbal department of the Faculty of Philosophy, he entered the law department and received. second diploma - candidate of rights. In 1810 he studied at the Faculty of Science and Mathematics, which was an unusual thing for noble youth. Since childhood, knowing French, English, German and Italian, during his studies at the university he studied Greek and Latin, and later Persian, Arabic and Turkish. He was also musically gifted: he played the piano, flute, and composed music himself.

During my student years, I communicated with future Decembrists: the Muravyov brothers, Yakushkin. Subsequently he was close to P. Chaadaev. Griboyedov’s poetic abilities also manifest themselves at the university.

The outbreak of the war with Napoleon changes Griboedov's plans: he volunteers to serve in the army as a cornet (a junior officer rank in the Russian cavalry) in a hussar regiment. He did not have to participate in hostilities. After the end of the war, he resigns, settles in St. Petersburg, enters the service of the Collegium of Foreign Affairs, where Pushkin, Kuchelbecker and many Decembrists served at that time, and gets to know them. In addition, he is part of a circle of people involved in the theater, collaborates in magazines, and writes plays.

In 1818 he was sent as secretary of the Russian mission to Persia, where he spent over two years, traveling extensively around the country and keeping travel notes and a diary. Upon returning from Persia in November 1821, he served as a diplomatic secretary under the commander of Russian troops in the Caucasus, General A. Ermolov, who was surrounded by many members of Decembrist societies. Lives in Tiflis, working on the first two acts of Woe from Wit. However, this work requires more privacy, more freedom from service, so he asks Ermolov long vacation. Having received leave, he spends it first in the Tula province, then in Moscow and St. Petersburg.

On the estate of his friend Begichev he writes the last two acts of the comedy, in Moscow he continues to finish “Woe from Wit”, in St. Petersburg in 1824 the work was completed.

All attempts to publish the comedy were unsuccessful, and staging it in the theater was also impossible. The reactionary camp received the comedy with hostility. The language of "Woe from Wit" was called harsh and incorrect. The Decembrists greeted the comedy enthusiastically, seeing in it an artistic generalization of their ideas and feelings.

At the end of September 1825, Griboedov again arrived in the Caucasus, and at the end of January 1826 he was arrested in the Decembrist case by a courier specially sent from St. Petersburg. Ermolov warned him about the impending arrest, and the writer managed to destroy the papers that were dangerous to him. During the investigation, Griboyedov maintained a complete denial of his participation in the conspiracy. The royal investigative commission failed to prove anything, and he was released.

After returning to the Caucasus in 1826, Griboyedov acted as a diplomat. In 1827 he was ordered to manage diplomatic relations with Turkey and Persia. In 1828 he took part in the preparation of the Turkmanchay Peace Treaty concluded with Persia. He then receives an appointment as minister plenipotentiary to Persia, considering this appointment as a “political exile.”

In August 1828, in Tiflis, Griboedov married Nina Chavchavadze, the daughter of his friend, famous poet A. Chavchavadze. Leaving his wife in Tabriz, he went with the embassy to Tehran. Here he became the victim of a conspiracy and was killed by a crowd of Persian fanatics. Griboyedov's body was transported to Tiflis and buried on Mount St. David.

Alexander Griboyedov

Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov

Russian diplomat, poet, playwright, pianist and composer, nobleman; State Councilor (1828); Griboedov is known for his brilliantly rhymed play “Woe from Wit” (1824), which is still often staged in Russian theaters; it served as the source of numerous catchphrases

short biography

- a famous Russian writer, poet, playwright, brilliant diplomat, state councilor, author of the legendary play in verse “Woe from Wit”, was a descendant of an old noble family. Born in Moscow on January 15 (January 4, O.S.), 1795, with early years proved himself to be an extremely developed, and versatile, child. Wealthy parents tried to give him an excellent home education, and in 1803 Alexander became a pupil of the Moscow University Noble Boarding School. At the age of eleven he was already a student at Moscow University (literature department). Having become a candidate of literary sciences in 1808, Griboyedov graduated from two more departments - moral-political and physical-mathematical. Alexander Sergeevich became one of the most educated people among his contemporaries, knew about a dozen foreign languages, and was very gifted musically.

With the beginning of the Patriotic War of 1812, Griboedov joined the ranks of volunteers, but he did not have to participate directly in military operations. In 1815, with the rank of cornet, Griboyedov served in a cavalry regiment that was in reserve. The first literary experiments date back to this time - the comedy “The Young Spouses”, which was a translation of a French play, the article “On Cavalry Reserves”, “Letter from Brest-Litovsk to the Publisher”.

At the beginning of 1816, A. Griboedov retired and came to live in St. Petersburg. While working at the College of Foreign Affairs, he continues his studies in a new field of writing, makes translations, and joins theatrical and literary circles. It was in this city that fate gave him the acquaintance of A. Pushkin. In 1817, A. Griboyedov tried his hand at drama, writing the comedies “My Family” and “Student”.

In 1818, Griboyedov was appointed to the position of secretary of the tsar's attorney, who headed the Russian mission in Tehran, and this radically changed him further biography. The deportation of Alexander Sergeevich to a foreign land was regarded as punishment for the fact that he acted as a second in a scandalous duel with fatal. The stay in Iranian Tabriz (Tavriz) was indeed painful for the aspiring writer.

In the winter of 1822, Tiflis became Griboyedov’s new place of service, and the new boss was General A.P. Ermolov, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary in Tehran, commander of the Russian troops in the Caucasus, under whom Griboedov was secretary for diplomatic affairs. It was in Georgia that he wrote the first and second acts of the comedy “Woe from Wit.” The third and fourth acts were already composed in Russia: in the spring of 1823, Griboyedov left the Caucasus on vacation to his homeland. In 1824, in St. Petersburg, the last point was put in the work, the path to fame of which turned out to be thorny. The comedy could not be published due to censorship and was sold in handwritten copies. Only small fragments “slipped” into print: in 1825 they were included in the issue of the almanac “Russian Waist”. Griboedov's brainchild was highly appreciated by A. S. Pushkin.

Griboedov planned to take a trip to Europe, but in May 1825 he had to urgently return to service in Tiflis. In January 1826, in connection with the Decembrist case, he was arrested, kept in a fortress, and then taken to St. Petersburg: the writer’s name came up several times during interrogations, and handwritten copies of his comedy were found during searches. Nevertheless, due to lack of evidence, the investigation had to release Griboyedov, and in September 1826 he returned to his official duties.

In 1828, the Turkmanchay Peace Treaty was signed, which corresponded to the interests of Russia. He played a certain role in the biography of the writer: Griboyedov took part in its conclusion and delivered the text of the agreement to St. Petersburg. For his services, the talented diplomat was awarded a new position - the plenipotentiary minister (ambassador) of Russia in Persia. Alexander Sergeevich saw his appointment as a “political exile”; plans for the implementation of numerous creative ideas collapsed. With a heavy heart, in June 1828, Griboedov left St. Petersburg.

Getting to his place of duty, he lived for several months in Tiflis, where in August his wedding took place with 16-year-old Nina Chavchavadze. He left for Persia with his young wife. There were forces in the country and beyond its borders that were not satisfied with the growing influence of Russia, which cultivated hostility towards its representatives in the minds of the local population. On January 30, 1829, the Russian embassy located in Tehran was subjected to brutal attack brutal crowd, and one of his victims was A.S. Griboyedov, who was disfigured to such an extent that he was later identified only by a characteristic scar on his hand. The body was taken to Tiflis, where its last resting place was the grotto at the Church of St. David.

Biography from Wikipedia

Origin and early years

Griboyedov born in Moscow, into a wealthy, noble family. His ancestor, Jan Grzybowski (Polish: Jan Grzybowski), moved from Poland to Russia at the beginning of the 17th century. The surname Griboedov is nothing more than a peculiar translation of the surname Grzhibovsky. Under Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, Fyodor Akimovich Griboyedov was a clerk and one of the five compilers of the Council Code of 1649.

Father - Sergei Ivanovich Griboedov (1761-1814), retired second major;
Mother - Anastasia Fedorovna (1768-1839), also maiden name Griboyedova - from the Smolensk branch of this family, and her family was richer and was considered more noble;
Sister - Maria Sergeevna Griboedova (Durnovo);
Brother - Pavel (died in infancy);
Wife - Nina Aleksandrovna Chavchavadze (Georgian: ნინო ჭავჭავაძე)(November 4, 1812 – June 28, 1857).

According to relatives, as a child Alexander was very focused and unusually developed. There is information that he was the great-nephew of Alexander Radishchev (the playwright himself carefully hid this). At the age of 6, he was fluent in three foreign languages, and in his youth already six, in particular, fluent English, French, German and Italian. He understood Latin and Ancient Greek very well.

In 1803 he was sent to the Moscow University Noble Boarding School; Three years later, Griboedov entered the literature department of Moscow University. In 1808 (at the age of 13) he graduated from the literary department of the university with the degree of candidate of literary sciences, but did not leave his studies, but entered the ethical-political (legal) department of the Faculty of Philosophy. In 1810 he received his PhD and remained at the university to study mathematics and natural sciences.

War

On September 8, 1812, cornet Griboyedov fell ill and remained in Vladimir, and, presumably, until November 1, 1812, due to illness, did not appear at the regiment's location. In the summer, during the Patriotic War of 1812, when the enemy appeared on Russian territory, he joined the Moscow Hussar Regiment (a volunteer irregular unit) of Count Pyotr Ivanovich Saltykov, who received permission to form it. Arriving at his duty station, he found himself in the company "young cornets from the best noble families» - Prince Golitsyn, Count Efimovsky, Count Tolstoy, Alyabyev, Sheremetev, Lansky, the Shatilov brothers. Griboyedov was related to some of them. Subsequently, he wrote in a letter to S. N. Begichev: “I was in this squad for only 4 months, and now I haven’t been able to get on the right path for 4 years.”. Begichev responded to this like this:

But they had barely begun to form when the enemy entered Moscow. This regiment received orders to go to Kazan, and after the expulsion of the enemies, at the end of the same year, it was ordered to follow to Brest-Litovsk, join the defeated Irkutsk Dragoon Regiment and take the name of the Irkutsk Hussars. S. N. Begichev

Until 1815, Griboedov served in the rank of cornet under the command of cavalry general A. S. Kologrivov. Griboyedov's first literary experiments - “Letter from Brest-Litovsk to the publisher”, feature article "About cavalry reserves" and comedy "Young Spouses"(translation of the French comedy “Le secret”) - dates back to 1814. In the article "About cavalry reserves" Griboyedov acted as a historical publicist.

The enthusiastically lyrical “Letter from Brest-Litovsk to the Publisher,” published in the “Bulletin of Europe,” was written by him after Kologrivov was awarded the “Order of St. Vladimir Equal to the Apostles, 1st degree” in 1814 and the holiday of June 22 (July 4) in Brest-Litovsk , in the cavalry reserves, on this occasion.

In the capital

In 1815, Griboedov came to St. Petersburg, where he met the publisher of the magazine “Son of the Fatherland” N.I. Grech and the famous playwright N.I. Khmelnitsky.

In the spring of 1816, the aspiring writer left military service, and in the summer he published an article “On the analysis of the free translation of the Burger ballad “Lenora”” - a response to N. I. Gnedich’s critical remarks about P. A. Katenin’s ballad “Olga”.

At the same time, Griboyedov’s name appears on the list of active members of the Masonic lodge “United Friends”. At the beginning of 1817, Griboyedov became one of the founders of the Masonic lodge "Du Bien".

In the summer he entered the diplomatic service, taking the position of provincial secretary (from the winter - translator) of the Collegium of Foreign Affairs. This period of the writer’s life also includes his acquaintances with A. S. Pushkin and V. K. Kuchelbecker, work on the poem “Lubochny Theater” (a response to M. N. Zagoskin’s criticism of “Young Spouses”), and the comedies “Student” (together with P. A. Katenin), “Feigned Infidelity” (together with A. A. Gendre), “One’s own family, or the Married Bride” (co-authored with A. A. Shakhovsky and N. I. Khmelnitsky).

Duel

In 1817, the famous “quadruple duel” between Zavadovsky-Sheremetev and Griboedov-Yakubovich took place in St. Petersburg.

Griboedov lived with Zavadovsky and, being a friend of the famous dancer of the St. Petersburg Ballet Avdotya Istomina, after the performance he brought her to his place (naturally, to Zavadovsky’s house), where she lived for two days. Cavalry guard Sheremetev, Istomina’s lover, was in a quarrel with her and was away, but when he returned, incited by the cornet of the Life Ulan regiment A.I. Yakubovich, he challenged Zavadovsky to a duel. Griboyedov became Zavadovsky’s second, and Yakubovich became Sheremetev’s; both also promised to fight.

Zavadovsky and Sheremetev were the first to reach the barrier. Zavadovsky, an excellent shooter, mortally wounded Sheremetev in the stomach. Since Sheremetev had to be immediately taken to the city, Yakubovich and Griboyedov postponed their fight. It took place the following year, 1818, in Georgia. Yakubovich was transferred to Tiflis for service, and Griboedov also happened to be passing through there, heading on a diplomatic mission to Persia.

Griboedov was wounded in the left hand. It was from this wound that it was subsequently possible to identify the disfigured corpse of Griboyedov, killed by religious fanatics during the destruction of the Russian embassy in Tehran.

In the east

In 1818, Griboyedov, having refused the position of an official of the Russian mission in the United States, was appointed to the post of secretary under the Tsar's charge d'affaires in Persia, Simon Mazarovich. Before leaving for Tehran, he completed work on “Sideshow Trials.” He went to his duty station at the end of August, two months later (with short stops in Novgorod, Moscow, Tula and Voronezh) he arrived in Mozdok, and on the way to Tiflis he compiled a detailed diary describing his travels.

At the beginning of 1819, Griboyedov completed work on the ironic “Letter to the Publisher from Tiflis on January 21” and, probably, the poem “Forgive me, Fatherland!”, and then went on his first business trip to the Shah’s court. On the way to the appointed place through Tabriz (January - March), I continued to write travel notes that I started last year. In August he returned back, where he began to advocate for the fate of Russian soldiers who were in Iranian captivity. In September, at the head of a detachment of prisoners and fugitives, he set out from Tabriz to Tiflis, where he arrived the following month. Some events of this journey are described on the pages of Griboyedov’s diaries (for July and August/September), as well as in the narrative fragments “Vagin’s Story” and “Ananur Quarantine”.

In January 1820, Griboedov again went to Persia, adding new entries to his travel diary. Here, burdened with official chores, he spent more than a year and a half. His stay in Persia was incredibly burdensome for the writer-diplomat, and in the fall of the following year, 1821, due to health reasons (due to a broken arm), he finally managed to transfer closer to his homeland - to Georgia. There he became close to Kuchelbecker, who had arrived here for service, and began work on the draft manuscripts of the first edition of “Woe from Wit.”

Since February 1822, Griboyedov was secretary for diplomatic affairs under General A.P. Ermolov, who commanded the Russian troops in Tiflis. The author’s work on the drama “1812” is often dated to the same year (apparently timed to coincide with the tenth anniversary of Russia’s victory in the war with Napoleonic France).

At the beginning of 1823, Griboyedov left the service for a while and returned to his homeland, for more than two years he lived in Moscow, in the village. Dmitrovsky (Lakotsy) Tula province, in St. Petersburg. Here the author continued the work begun in the Caucasus with the text “Woe from Wit”, by the end of the year he wrote the poem “David”, a dramatic scene in verse “Youth of the Prophetic”, vaudeville “Who is the brother, who is the sister, or Deception after deception” (in cooperation with P. A. Vyazemsky) and the first edition of the famous waltz “e-moll”. It is customary to attribute the appearance of the first entries of his “Desiderata” - a journal of notes on controversial issues of Russian history, geography and literature - to the same period of Griboedov’s life.

The following year, 1824, dates back to the writer’s epigrams on M.A. Dmitriev and A.I. Pisarev (“And they compose - they lie! And they translate - they lie!..”, “How magazine brawls spread!..”), the narrative fragment “Character my uncle,” the essay “Special Cases of the St. Petersburg Flood” and the poem “Teleshova.” At the end of the same year (December 15), Griboyedov became a full member of the Free Society of Lovers of Russian Literature.

On South

At the end of May 1825, due to the urgent need to return to his place of duty, the writer abandoned his intention to visit Europe and left for the Caucasus. Subsequently, he will learn Arabic, Turkish, Georgian and Persian. The first teacher who taught Griboedov the Persian language was Mirza Jafar Topchibashev. On the eve of this trip, he completed work on a free translation of the “Prologue in the Theater” from the tragedy “Faust”, at the request of F.V. Bulgarin, he compiled notes to “Extraordinary Adventures and Travels...” of D.I. Tsikulin, published in the April issues of the magazine “Northern” archive" for 1825. On the way to Georgia, he visited Kiev, where he met prominent figures of the revolutionary underground (M. P. Bestuzhev-Ryumin, A. Z. Muravyov, S. I. Muravyov-Apostol and S. P. Trubetskoy), lived for some time in Crimea, visiting the estate of his old friend A.P. Zavadovsky. Griboyedov traveled through the mountains of the peninsula, developed a plan for the majestic tragedy about the Baptism of the ancient Russians and kept a detailed diary of travel notes, published only three decades after the author’s death. According to the opinion established in science, it was under the influence of the southern trip that he wrote the scene “Dialogue of Polovtsian Husbands.”

Arrest

Upon returning to the Caucasus, Griboyedov, inspired by participation in the expedition of General A. A. Velyaminov, wrote famous poem"Predators on Chegem". In January 1826, he was arrested in the Grozny fortress on suspicion of belonging to the Decembrists; Griboyedov was brought to St. Petersburg, but the investigation could not find evidence of Griboedov’s belonging to secret society. With the exception of A.F. Brigen, E.P. Obolensky, N.N. Orzhitsky and S.P. Trubetskoy, none of the suspects testified to the detriment of Griboyedov. He was under investigation until June 2, 1826, but since it was not possible to prove his participation in the conspiracy, and he himself categorically denied his involvement in the conspiracy, he was released from arrest with a “cleansing certificate.” Despite this, Griboyedov was under secret surveillance for some time.

Return to duty

In September 1826 he returned to service in Tiflis and continued his diplomatic activities; took part in the conclusion of the Turkmanchay Peace Treaty (1828), beneficial for Russia, and delivered its text to St. Petersburg. Appointed as Resident Minister (Ambassador) to Iran; On the way to his destination, he again spent several months in Tiflis and married there on August 22 (September 3), 1828, Princess Nina Chavchavadze, with whom he only lived for a few weeks.

Death in Persia

Foreign embassies were not located in the capital, but in Tabriz, at the court of Prince Abbas Mirza, but soon after arriving in Persia, the mission went to present itself to Feth Ali Shah in Tehran. During this visit, Griboyedov died: on January 30, 1829 (6 Sha'ban 1244 AH), a crowd of thousands of religious fanatics killed everyone in the embassy, except for the secretary Ivan Sergeevich Maltsov.

The circumstances of the defeat of the Russian mission are described in different ways, but Maltsov was an eyewitness to the events, and he does not mention the death of Griboedov, only writes that 15 people defended themselves at the door of the envoy’s room. Returning to Russia, he wrote that 37 people in the embassy were killed (all except him alone) and 19 Tehran residents. He himself hid in another room and, in fact, could only describe what he heard. All the defenders died, and there were no direct witnesses left.

Riza-Kuli writes that Griboyedov was killed with 37 comrades, and 80 people from the crowd were killed. His body was so mutilated that he was identified only by a mark on his left hand, received in the famous duel with Yakubovich.

Griboedov's body was taken to Tiflis and buried on Mount Mtatsminda in a grotto at the Church of St. David. In the summer of 1829, Alexander Pushkin visited the grave. Pushkin also wrote in “Travel to Arzrum” that he met a cart with the body of Griboyedov at a mountain pass in Armenia, later called Pushkinsky.

The Persian Shah sent his grandson to St. Petersburg to resolve the diplomatic scandal. To compensate for the blood shed, he brought rich gifts to Nicholas I, including the Shah diamond. This magnificent diamond, framed with many rubies and emeralds, once adorned the throne of the Great Mughals. Now it shines in the collection of the Diamond Fund of the Moscow Kremlin.

At the grave of Alexander Griboyedov, his widow, Nina Chavchavadze, erected a monument with the inscription: “Your mind and deeds are immortal in Russian memory, but why did my love survive you!”.

Creation

In terms of literary position, Griboedov belongs (according to the classification of Yu. N. Tynyanov) to the so-called “younger archaists”: his closest literary allies are P. A. Katenin and V. K. Kuchelbecker; however, the “Arzamas people” also appreciated him, for example, Pushkin and Vyazemsky, and among his friends there were such different people, like P. Ya. Chaadaev and F. V. Bulgarin.

Even during his years of study at Moscow University (1805), Griboyedov wrote poems (only mentions have reached us), created a parody of V. A. Ozerov’s work “Dmitry Donskoy” - “Dmitry Dryanskoy”. In 1814, two of his correspondences were published in the “Bulletin of Europe”: “On cavalry reserves” and “Letter to the editor.” In 1815, he published the comedy “Young Spouses” - a parody of the French comedies that made up the Russian comedy repertoire at that time. The author uses the very popular genre of “secular comedy” - works with a small number of characters and an emphasis on wit. In line with his polemics with Zhukovsky and Gnedich about the Russian ballad, Griboedov wrote an article “On the analysis of the free translation of “Lenora”” (1816).

In 1817, Griboyedov’s comedy “Student” was published. According to contemporaries, Katenin took a small part in it, but rather his role in creating the comedy was limited to editing. The work is polemical in nature, directed against the “younger Karamzinists,” parodying their works, a type of artist of sentimentalism. The main point of criticism is the lack of realism.

Techniques of parody: introducing texts into everyday context, exaggerated use of periphrasticism (all concepts in comedy are given descriptively, nothing is named directly). At the center of the work is a bearer of classicist consciousness (Benevolsky). All knowledge about life is gleaned from books, all events are perceived through the experience of reading. Saying “I saw it, I know it” means “I read it.” The hero seeks to play book stories, life seems uninteresting to him. Griboedov will later repeat the lack of a real sense of reality in “Woe from Wit” - this is a trait of Chatsky.

In 1817, Griboyedov took part in writing “Feigned Infidelity” together with A. A. Gendre. The comedy is an adaptation of the French comedy by Nicolas Barthes. The character Roslavlev, Chatsky's predecessor, appears in it. This is a strange young man, in conflict with society, uttering critical monologues. The same year the comedy “One’s Own Family, or a Married Bride” was released. Co-authors: A. A. Shakhovskoy, Griboyedov, N. I. Khmelnitsky.

What was written before “Woe from Wit” was still very immature or was created in collaboration with more experienced writers at that time (Katenin, Shakhovskoy, Zhandre, Vyazemsky); conceived after “Woe from Wit” - either was not written at all (the tragedy about Prince Vladimir the Great), or was not completed beyond rough drafts (the tragedy about Princes Vladimir Monomakh and Fyodor Ryazansky), or was written, but due to a number of circumstances is not known modern science. Of Griboedov’s later experiments, the most notable are the dramatic scenes “1812”, “Georgian Night”, “Rodamist and Zenobia”. The author’s artistic and documentary works (essays, diaries, epistolary) also deserve special attention.

Although world fame came to Griboedov thanks to only one book, he should not be considered a “literary one-liner” who exhausted his creative powers while working on “Woe from Wit.” Reconstructive analysis artistic ideas playwright allows you to see in him the talent of the creator truly high tragedy, worthy of William Shakespeare, and the writer’s prose testifies to the productive development of Griboyedov as an original author of literary “travels”.

"Woe from Wit"

The comedy in verse "Woe from Wit" was conceived in St. Petersburg around 1816 and completed in Tiflis in 1824 (the final edition - an authorized list left in St. Petersburg with Bulgarin - 1828). In Russia it is included in the 9th grade school curriculum (in Soviet times - in 8th grade).

The comedy “Woe from Wit” is the pinnacle of Russian drama and poetry. The bright aphoristic style contributed to the fact that she was all “dispersed into quotes.”

“Never has any people been so scourged, never has any country been dragged so much in the mud, never has so much rude abuse been thrown into the public’s face, and yet never has more complete success been achieved” (P. Chaadaev. “Apology of a Madman” ).

“His “Woe from Wit” was published without distortions or abbreviations in 1862. When Griboyedov himself, who died at the hands of fanatics in Iran, had not been in this world for more than 30 years. Written more than ever at the right time - on the eve of the Decembrist uprising - the play became a vivid poetic pamphlet denouncing the reigning regime. For the first time, poetry burst into politics so boldly and openly. And politics gave in,” she wrote in the essay “Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov. Woe from Wit" (in the author's column "100 books that shocked the world" in the magazine "Youth") Elena Sazanovich. - The play in handwritten form was circulated throughout the country. Griboyedov once again sarcastically called “Woe from Wit” a comedy. Is it a joke?! About 40 thousand copies, copied by hand. A stunning success. It was a blatant slap at high society. And high society did not laugh at comedy. It was wiped off. And Griboyedov was not forgiven..."

Musical works

The few musical works written by Griboyedov had excellent harmony, harmony and conciseness. He is the author of several piano pieces, among which two waltzes for piano are the most famous. Some works, including the piano sonata, are the most serious musical composition Griboyedov, they didn’t reach us. Waltz in E minor of his composition is considered the first Russian waltz that has survived to this day. According to the memoirs of contemporaries, Griboedov was a wonderful pianist, his playing was distinguished by genuine artistry.

Other

In 1828, Griboedov completed work on the “Project for the Establishment of the Russian Transcaucasian Company.” In order to develop trade and industry in the Transcaucasus, the project envisaged the creation of an autonomous management company with extensive administrative, economic and diplomatic powers to manage the Transcaucasus. The project, as contrary to his personal power in Transcaucasia, was rejected by I. F. Paskevich.

Extensive section creative heritage Griboyedov's letters are composed of his letters.

Memory

Monuments

In St. Petersburg, the monument to A. S. Griboyedov (sculptor V. V. Lishev, 1959) is located on Zagorodny Prospekt on Pionerskaya Square (opposite the Theater of Young Spectators)
In the center of Yerevan there is a monument to A. S. Griboyedov (author - Hovhannes Bejanyan, 1974), and in 1995 an Armenian postage stamp dedicated to A. S. Griboedov was issued.
In Alushta, a monument to A. S. Griboedov was erected in 2002, on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the city.
In Moscow, the monument to A. S. Griboyedov is located on Chistoprudny Boulevard.
In Veliky Novgorod, A. S. Griboyedov is immortalized in the monument “Millennium of Russia”, in the group of sculptures “Writers and Artists”.
In Volgograd, at the expense of the Armenian community of the city, a bust of A. S. Griboyedov was erected (on Sovetskaya Street, opposite clinic No. 3).
In Tbilisi, the monument to A. S. Griboedov is located on the Kura embankment (sculptor M. Merabishvili, architect G. Melkadze, 1961).
In Tehran, near the Russian embassy there is a monument to A. S. Griboedov (sculptor V. A. Beklemishev, 1912).

Museums and galleries

State Historical, Cultural and Natural Museum-Reserve of A. S. Griboyedov “Khmelita”.
In Crimea, in the Red Cave (Kizil-Koba), a gallery was named in honor of the stay of A. S. Griboedov.

Streets

Streets named after Griboyedov is in many cities of Russia and neighboring countries:

Almetyevsk,
Petrozavodsk,
Perm,
Chelyabinsk,
Krasnoyarsk,
Kaliningrad,
Surgut,
Simferopol,
Sevastopol,
Bryansk,
Yekaterinburg,
Novokuznetsk,
Novorossiysk,
Novosibirsk,
Ryazan,
Dzerzhinsk (Nizhny Novgorod region),
Irkutsk,
Makhachkala,
Gelendzhik,
Kovrov,
Tver,
Tyumen,
Kirov,
Essentuki;

in Belarus- Brest, Vitebsk, Minsk;

in Ukraine -

Khmelnitsky,
Vinnitsa,
Kharkov,
Kherson,
Irpen,
Bila Tserkva,
Chernivtsi;

in Armenia- Yerevan, Vanadzor, Gyumri, Sevan;

as well as in the cities of Balti (Moldova), Almaty (Kazakhstan), Batumi and Tbilisi (Georgia), Ashgabat (Turkmenistan),

Theaters

Smolensky Theatre of Drama them. A. S. Griboyedova.
In Tbilisi there is a theater named after A. S. Griboedov, a monument (author - M. K. Merabishvili).
Bust of A. S. Griboyedov installed on the facade Odessa Theater opera and ballet.

Libraries

Library national literatures named after A. S. Griboyedov.
Central Library named after A. S. Griboyedov of the Centralized Library System #2 of the Central Administrative District of Moscow. On the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the founding of the library, it opened memorial museum. The A. S. Griboedov Prize is awarded.

Cinema

1969 - The Death of Vazir-Mukhtar, a Soviet television play staged in Leningrad in 1969, but banned from showing. In the role of A. S. Griboyedov - Vladimir Recepter.
1995 - Griboedov's Waltz, a feature historical and biographical film by Tamara Pavlyuchenko. Filmed for the 200th anniversary of the birth of A. S. Griboedov and talks about recent months life. In the role of A. S. Griboyedov - Alexander Feklistov.
2010 - Death of Vazir-Mukhtar. The Love and Life of Griboedov is a 2010 Russian television series based on the novel of the same name by Yuri Tynyanov about last year life. In the role of A. S. Griboyedov - Mikhail Eliseev.
2014 - “Duel. Pushkin - Lermontov" is a Russian film in the style of an alternative world. In the role of the surviving old Griboyedov - Vyacheslav Nevinny Jr.

Other

Yuri Tynyanov dedicated the novel “The Death of Vazir-Mukhtar” (1928) to the last years of A. S. Griboedov’s life.
On April 22, 2014, in St. Petersburg, the Grand Lodge of Russia created the lodge “A. S. Griboyedov" (No. 45 in the VLR register).
Secondary school named after A. S. Griboyedov (Stepanakert).
Secondary school No. 203 named after A. S. Griboedov in St. Petersburg.
"Griboyedov Readings"
GBOU Moscow gymnasium No. 1529 named after A. S. Griboyedov.
There is a higher educational institution in Moscow - Institute international law and economics named after. A. S. Griboyedova (Moscow).
Griboyedov Canal (until 1923 Ekaterininsky Canal) is a canal in St. Petersburg.

In numismatics

Commemorative coin of the Bank of Russia, dedicated to the 200th anniversary of the birth of A. S. Griboedov. 2 rubles, silver, 1995

In 1995 Central Bank The Russian Federation issued a coin (2 rubles, 500 silver) from the series “ Prominent figures Russia" with a portrait of A. S. Griboedov on the reverse - for the 200th anniversary of his birth.
Medal "A. S. Griboedov 1795-1829.” was established by the Moscow city organization of the Union of Writers of the Russian Federation and is awarded to writers and writers, prominent philanthropists and well-known publishers for their selfless activities for the benefit of Russian culture and literature.

Addresses in St. Petersburg

11.1816 - 08.1818 - apartment building of I. Valkh - embankment of the Catherine Canal, 104;
01.06. - 07.1824 - hotel "Demut" - embankment of the Moika River, 40;
08. - 11.1824 - apartment of A.I. Odoevsky in the Pogodin apartment building - Market Street, 5;
11.1824 - 01.1825 - P. N. Chebyshev’s apartment in the Usov apartment building - Nikolaevskaya embankment, 13;
01. - 09.1825 - apartment of A.I. Odoevsky in the Bulatov apartment building - St. Isaac's Square, 7;
06.1826 - apartment of A. A. Zhandre in the Egerman house - embankment of the Moika River, 82;
03. - 05.1828 - hotel "Demut" - embankment of the Moika River, 40;
05. - 06.06.1828 - house of A.I. Kosikovsky - Nevsky Prospekt, 15.

Awards

Order of St. Anne, 2nd class with diamond insignia (14 March 1828)
Order of the Lion and Sun, 1st class (Persia, 1829)
Order of the Lion and Sun, 2nd class (Persia, 1819)

The author of the famous play “Woe from Wit” was not only a playwright. Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov was an outstanding diplomat, pianist and composer. But his genius did not shine for long: at the age of 34 he suffered a terrible death, for which the Shah of Persia paid Russian Empire a diamond of amazing beauty.

Talent is immediately noticeable

The future poet and diplomat was born on January 15, 1795 in Moscow into a rich noble family. He had a brother, Pavel, who died at an early age, and a sister, Maria, an outstanding pianist and harpist. Griboyedov never had respect for women (and even jokingly called them “the noisy sex”), but he maintained a warm friendship with his sister until the end of his life. He wrote his famous play “Woe from Wit” in Maria’s room, trying to avoid noise and annoying acquaintances. She was the only person privy to the secret of writing this work before its publication.

WITH early childhood Alexander surprised everyone with his inquisitive mind and diligent character - instead of playing and frolicking with his peers, he could sit for a long time and diligently study science. The boy’s primary education and upbringing was given to him by his mother Anastasia Fedorovna and several professional tutors, who helped him master three European languages at the age of six.

From the age of seven, Alexander studied at higher education educational institution for noble children - at the Moscow University Noble Boarding School. There Alexander studied various items, but he paid special attention to verbal and moral-political sciences. In addition, he learned three more foreign languages. The young man graduated from the boarding school with honors, having received an excellent, comprehensive education.

Difficult search for yourself

In 1812, the war with the Napoleonic invaders began. And Alexander, neglecting his civilian career, joined the army. He joined the ranks of the Moscow Hussar Regiment with the rank of junior officer. Young Alexander longed for glory and exploits, but a long illness prevented him from defending his homeland. Even after the war, the ardent Alexander was unable to achieve success in the military field - until his departure from the army, he remained in the rank of cavalry cornet. But it was here that Griboedov first tried himself in literature: during the years of service he wrote several essays, articles and translations.

Disillusioned with military service, Alexander left it at the beginning of 1816 and moved to St. Petersburg. Here he wanted to rest and decide on his future destiny. In the capital, Griboyedov made numerous acquaintances in secular society and among famous playwrights. They helped the young man to take his work seriously literary activity. A little bit later Alexander joined the United Friends Masonic Lodge. But their program did not completely suit Alexander, and in 1817 he helped create a new Masonic lodge.

Life in St. Petersburg allowed to young Alexander learn about everyday life, selfishness, hypocrisy and narrow-mindedness of high society. Brought up in the spirit of idealism and humanism, Alexander was outraged, and this inspired him to write a series of comedies in which a character appears, the prototype of Chatsky. Much later, the experience gained from life in the capital formed the basis of the plot of his famous accusatory play.

Great Diplomat

In 1817, Alexander entered the service of the College of Foreign Affairs. He began his career as a translator, but after just a year he became secretary of the embassy to Persia (now Iraq). In the same year, Griboyedov left for the East, not even suspecting that it was here that he would find his death.

Griboedov's entire diplomatic service involved constant travel from Russia to Persia or Georgia. Memories of nomadic life formed the basis of numerous travel notes and diaries of the playwright. In the East he worked as a professional, and when he returned home to St. Petersburg (sometimes for a year or more), he took up literary activity and composed waltzes and sonatas for piano, which amazed listeners with their harmony. Official duties prompted Alexander to learn 4 more eastern languages.

In 1825, Griboyedov was in Kyiv, where he met with the Decembrists for some time. It was not in vain for him - in January next year he was detained and taken to the capital, suspected of having connections with underground fighters. But since no incriminating evidence was found, the suspect was released six months later. Fortunately, the arrest did not affect Griboyedov’s service and career, and he continued to work.

The year 1828 was marked for him by participation in the signing of a peace treaty with Persia in the village of Turkmanchay. Alexander developed the terms of this treaty and put a lot of effort into signing it. Thus ended the Russian-Persian War of 1826-1828.

After success in Turkmanchay, Griboedov was given a promotion - he was appointed to the post of Resident Minister in Tehran. On his way to Persia, he stopped in the Georgian city of Tiflis (now Tbilisi). The diplomat stayed there for only a few months, but these days became his last happy days, which completely changed his life.

Great love and terrible death

In Tiflis, Griboyedov stayed with an old friend - the Georgian prince Alexander Garsevanovich Chavchavadze, a military man and romantic poet. Here he again met the owner’s eldest daughter, 15-year-old Nina, whom he had not seen for 6 years. At that time, Griboyedov taught the girl to play the piano, and they had a warm friendship. But in 1828 things broke out between them real love. On September 3, they got married in the Sioni Church, despite the large age difference (Griboyedov was 33 at the time). Soon after the wedding, Griboyedov continued his journey to Persia. Nina Alexandrovna initially accompanied her husband, but due to pregnancy and illness she was forced to turn back halfway.

Griboyedov, at the head of a diplomatic mission, arrived in Tehran to the court of Feth Ali Shah in early January 1829. He had to persuade the Shah to fulfill the obligations of the Turkmanchay Peace Treaty. But the negotiations dragged on, and more and more Armenian refugees came to the Russian embassy, fleeing Islamic fanatics. It is generally accepted that the shelter of refugees was the reason for the destruction of the Russian embassy.

The attack took place on February 11, 1829. An angry crowd of religious fanatics burst into the embassy building and brutally killed all refugees and members of the Russian diplomatic mission. Only secretary I. S. Maltsov managed to survive. And Griboedov’s brutally mutilated body was identified only by his embassy uniform and traces of an old wound on his left arm, which he received 11 years ago in a duel with the Decembrist A.I. Yakubovich.

But there is much that remains unclear about these events. Experts and historians believe that English agents were among the instigators of the attack - it was in the interests of England to quarrel Russia with Persia. The only person who survived, secretary Maltsov, is suspected by some researchers of having connections with the attackers. And Griboedov’s death still remains in doubt - the signs by which his body was identified cannot be considered sufficient.

After

The massacre at the Russian embassy led to international scandal. To assuage his guilt, the Shah sent numerous gifts to Emperor Nicholas I, including a large “Shah” diamond weighing more than 88 carats. Thanks to this, the scandal was settled, but gem could not replace the outstanding diplomat.

Nina Alexandrovna, having learned about the death of her husband, became seriously ill, and her child was born dead. On June 18, 1829, she buried Griboedov’s body in Georgia near the Church of St. David (now the Mtatsminda Pantheon). She wore mourning for her husband all her life - in her homeland in Tiflis they even called her Black rose. Nina Alexandrovna died of cholera in 1857.