Salvador Dali: the most famous paintings. Dali: creativity

Date of birth: May 11, 1904.
Date of death: January 23, 1989.
Full name: Salvador Felipe Jacinto Dali and Domenech, Marquis de Pubol (Salvador Felipe Jacinto Dali "i Dome`nech, Marque"s de Pu"bol).
Spanish artist, painter, sculptor, director.

“The difference between the surrealists and me is that the surrealist is me,” Salvador Dali.

“I’m walking, and scandals are following me in a crowd”

Nothing foreshadowed that a child would be born into the wealthy family of the notary Don Salvador Dali y Cusi, who would subsequently turn classical concepts about drawing methods upside down, greatest genius era of surrealism.

But it happened - a boy was born, who was named Salvador Dali. This event took place near Barcelona in the Spanish town of Figueres in 1904. At the age of 12, Dali graduated art school

. Having persuaded his parents, at the age of 17 he entered the Madrid Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando. He was “asked out” in 1926 for his inappropriate attitude towards the academic council and teachers. But by that time his exhibition had already taken place in Barcelona, ​​and the artist’s works attracted close attention in artistic circles. In Paris, where Jean-Leon Jerome himself once worked, he meets Picasso, who had a huge influence on his work. Dali would pay tribute to his newfound friend with the painting “Flesh on the Stones” (1926). The influence of Cubism is visible in the works of that period - “Young Women” (1923). An example of a completely different style was a painting painted in 1928 and exhibited at International Exhibition

Carnegie in Pittsburgh - “Bread Basket” (1925). Like all artists of that time, Dali worked in a wide variety of fashionable styles

. In the works of the period from 1914 to 1927, the influence of Vermeer, Rembrandt, Cezanne, and Caravaggio is visible. But gradually notes of surrealism begin to appear in the paintings.

"Surrealism is me" Salvador Dali began to realize that the era of Cubism was behind him, and while working in, he will get lost among the rest of the same artists as himself. Therefore, he chose the most optimal path to realize his talent and ambition. The theory of surrealism corresponded very well to this. The first paintings in this style: “Venus and the Sailor” (1925), “Flying Woman”, “Honey” sweeter than blood"(1941), etc.

The year 1929 was a turning point for Salvador Dali - two events happened that radically influenced his life and work:

Firstly, the artist met with Gala Eluard, who later became his assistant, lover, muse, and wife. Since then they have not parted, despite the fact that the woman at that time was married to his friend Paul Eluard. From the very beginning of their acquaintance, Gala became a salvation for the artist from a mental crisis. Dali once said: “I love Gala more than my mother, more than my father, more than Picasso and even more money" The artist created a magnificent cult of Gala, which has since appeared in many of his works, including in divine guise.

Secondly, Dali officially joined the Parisian surrealist movement. And in 1929, his exhibition took place at the Hermann Gallery in Paris, after which fame came to the artist.

In the same year, Salvador Dali and his friend Luis Buñuel created the script for the film “Un Chien Andalou.” It was Dali who came up with the most shocking scene known to this day, where human eye cut in half with a razor.

Dali's father, angry about his connection with Gala, forbade his son to appear in his house. The artist worked hard to earn some money. It was at this time that the painting “The Persistence of Memory” was created, which became a symbol of the concept of the relativity of time.

Although the artist often expressed the idea that events in the world worried him little, he was still very worried about the fate of Spain. The result was the painting “Pliable Structure with Boiled Beans (Premonition civil war)" (1935).

In 1940, while in America, the master wrote his best book « Secret life Salvador Dali, painted by himself." The artist’s ability to work is amazing, he can work as a painter, decorator, jeweler, portrait painter, illustrator, making sets for Alfred Hitchcock’s films, for example, “Spellbound” 1945. After the explosion over Hiroshima in 1945. Dali expresses his attitude to this with the painting “Splitting the Atom.”

In 1965, the artist met Amanda Lear, their strange relationship would last more than 20 years. She will tell her story many years later in the book “Dali Through the Eyes of Amanda.”

Beginning in 1970, Salvador Dali's health began to rapidly deteriorate, but his creative energy did not decrease. At this time, the painting “The Hallucinogenic Torrero” (1968-1970) was created. Dali's popularity was crazy. He painted pictures based on many masterpieces of world literature: the Bible, " Divine Comedy"Dante, "The Art of Love" by Ovid, "God and Monotheism" by Freud.

“My whole life has been theater”

In 1961 The mayor of Figueres asked the artist to present a painting to Dali’s hometown. The master decided to develop the idea in 1974. He erected his own museum on the site of the ancient city theater. A giant spherical dome was raised above the stage, and auditorium divided into sectors, each of which represents a certain era in Dali’s work. Intricate interior spaces, nested floors, a courtyard with cultured areas where the visitor's head will spin - all this serves as a symbol of the artist's creativity and invariably attracts tourists from all over the world.

After Gala's death in 1982, the artist's health deteriorated, and he threw himself into his work. Dali paints paintings inspired by the heads of Moses and Adam, Giuliano de' Medici. Last work“Swallowtail” was completed in 1983, and in 1989, at the age of 84, the artist died of a heart attack. “My whole life has been a theater,” and during his lifetime he bequeathed to bury himself so that people could walk on his grave. His body is walled up in the floor of his museum-theater.

Salvador Dali, like a magician, juggled images in his paintings. His works amazed his contemporaries with the realism of fictitious images and plots; they were executed in a grotesque manner characteristic only of him: “ Soft watch", "Flaming Giraffe", "A dream inspired by the flight of a bee around a pomegranate, a moment before awakening", " Last Supper" His works are controversial, and his artistic heritage is sold at auction with very controversial bids.

Dali created a myth about himself with his own hands; his image with a mustache a la Baron Munchausen is recognizable all over the world. Much is known about him, but even more will never be known.

Surrealism is the complete freedom of the human being and the right to dream. I am not a surrealist, I am surrealism, - S. Dali.

The formation of Dali's artistic skills took place in the era of early modernism, when his contemporaries largely represented such new artistic movements as expressionism and cubism.

In 1929, the young artist joined the surrealists. This year marked an important turning point in his life, as Salvador Dalí met Gala. She became his lover, wife, muse, model and main inspiration.

Since he was a brilliant draftsman and colorist, Dali drew a lot of inspiration from the old masters. But he used extravagant forms and inventive ways to compose a completely new, modern and innovative style of art. His paintings are distinguished by the use of double images, ironic scenes, optical illusions, dreamscapes and deep symbolism.

Throughout its entire creative life Dali was never limited to one direction. He worked with oil paints and watercolors, created drawings and sculptures, films and photographs. Even the variety of forms of execution was not alien to the artist, including the creation of jewelry and other works applied arts. As a screenwriter, Dali collaborated with the famous director Luis Buñuel, who directed the films “The Golden Age” and “Un Chien Andalou.” They displayed unreal scenes reminiscent of surrealist paintings come to life.

A prolific and extremely gifted master, he left a tremendous legacy for future generations of artists and art lovers. The Gala-Salvador Dali Foundation launched an online project Catalog Raisonné of Salvador Dalí for a complete scientific cataloging of the paintings created by Salvador Dalí between 1910 and 1983. The catalog consists of five sections, divided according to the timeline. It was conceived not only to provide comprehensive information about the artist’s work, but also to determine the authorship of the works, since Salvador Dali is one of the most counterfeited painters.

The fantastic talent, imagination and skill of the eccentric Salvador Dali are demonstrated by these 17 examples of his surrealist paintings.

1. “The Ghost of Wermeer of Delft, which can be used as a table,” 1934

This small painting with a rather long original title, it embodies Dali's admiration for the great 17th-century Flemish master, Johannes Vermeer. Vermeer's self-portrait was executed taking into account Dali's surreal vision.

2. “The Great Masturbator”, 1929

The painting depicts the internal struggle of feelings caused by attitudes towards sexual intercourse. This perception of the artist arose as an awakened childhood memory when he saw a book left by his father, open to a page depicting genitals affected by sexually transmitted diseases.

3. “Giraffe on Fire,” 1937

The artist completed this work before moving to the USA in 1940. Although the master claimed that the painting was apolitical, it, like many others, depicts the deep and disturbing feelings of anxiety and horror that Dalí must have experienced during the turbulent period between the two world wars. A certain part reflects it internal struggle in relation to the Spanish Civil War, and also refers to the method psychological analysis Freud.

4. “The Face of War”, 1940

The agony of war was also reflected in Dali's work. He believed that his paintings should contain omens of war, which is what we see in the deadly head filled with skulls.

5. “Dream”, 1937

This depicts one of the surreal phenomena - a dream. This is a fragile, unstable reality in the world of the subconscious.

6. “Appearance of a face and a bowl of fruit on the seashore,” 1938

This fantastic painting is especially interesting because in it the author uses double images that give the image itself a multi-level meaning. Metamorphoses, surprising juxtapositions of objects and hidden elements characterize Dali's surrealist paintings.

7. “The Persistence of Memory,” 1931

This is perhaps the most recognizable surreal painting Salvador Dali, which embodies softness and hardness, symbolizes the relativity of space and time. It draws heavily on Einstein's theory of relativity, although Dali said the idea for the painting came from seeing Camembert cheese melted in the sun.

8. “The Three Sphinxes of Bikini Island,” 1947

This surreal image of Bikini Atoll evokes the memory of war. Three symbolic sphinxes occupy different planes: a human head, a split tree and a mushroom nuclear explosion, talking about the horrors of war. The film explores the relationship between three subjects.

9. “Galatea with Spheres”, 1952

Dali's portrait of his wife is presented through an array of spherical shapes. Gala looks like a portrait of Madonna. The artist, inspired by science, elevated Galatea above the tangible world into the upper ethereal layers.

10. “Molten Clock,” 1954

Another image of an object measuring time has received an ethereal softness, which is not typical for hard pocket watches.

11. “My naked wife contemplating her own flesh, transformed into a staircase, three vertebrae of a column, the sky and architecture,” 1945

Gala from the back. This remarkable image became one of Dali's most eclectic works, combining classicism and surrealism, tranquility and strangeness.

12. "Soft Construction with Boiled Beans", 1936

The second title of the painting is “Premonition of Civil War.” It depicts the supposed horrors of the Spanish Civil War as the artist painted it six months before the conflict began. This was one of Salvador Dali's premonitions.

13. “The Birth of Liquid Desires,” 1931-32

We see one example of a paranoid-critical approach to art. Images of the father and possibly the mother are mixed with a grotesque, unreal image of a hermaphrodite in the middle. The picture is filled with symbolism.

14. “The Riddle of Desire: My Mother, My Mother, My Mother,” 1929

This work, created on Freudian principles, became an example of Dalí's relationship with his mother, whose distorted body appears in the Dalinian desert.

15. Untitled - Design of a fresco painting for Helena Rubinstein, 1942

The images were created for the interior decoration of the premises by order of Elena Rubinstein. This is a frankly surreal picture from the world of fantasy and dreams. The artist was inspired by classical mythology.

16. “Sodom self-satisfaction of an innocent maiden,” 1954

The painting depicts female figure and abstract background. The artist explores the issue of repressed sexuality, as follows from the title of the work and the phallic forms that often appear in Dali's work.

17. “Geopolitical Child Watching the Birth of the New Man,” 1943

The artist expressed his skeptical views by painting this picture while in the United States. The shape of the ball seems to be a symbolic incubator of the “new” man, the man of the “new world”.

Today, May 11, is the birthday of the great Spanish painter and sculptor Salvador Dali . His legacy will forever remain with us, because in his works many find a piece of themselves - that very “madness” without which life would be boring and monotonous.

« Surrealism is me“, - the artist shamelessly asserted, and one cannot but agree with him. All his works are imbued with the spirit of surrealism - both paintings and photographs, which he created with unprecedented skill. Dali proclaimed complete freedom from any aesthetic or moral compulsion and went to the very limits in any creative experiment. He did not hesitate to bring to life the most provocative ideas and wrote everything: from love and the sexual revolution, history and technology to society and religion.

Great masturbator

The face of war

Splitting the atom

Hitler's mystery

Christ of Saint Juan de la Cruz

Dali began to be interested in art early and took private painting lessons from the artist while still at school Nunez , professor at the Academy of Arts. Then, at the School of Fine Arts at the Academy of Fine Arts, he became close to the literary and artistic circles of Madrid - in particular, Luis Buñuel And Federico Garcia Lorcoy . However, he did not stay long at the Academy - he was expelled for some overly bold ideas, which, however, did not stop him from organizing the first small exhibition of his works and quickly becoming one of the most famous artists Catalonia.

Young women

Self-portrait with Raphael's neck

Basket with bread

Young woman seen from the back

After that Dali meets Gala, which became his muse of surrealism" Arriving at Salvador Dali with her husband, she immediately became inflamed with passion for the artist and left her husband for the sake of a genius. Dali but, absorbed in his feelings, as if he didn’t even notice that his “muse” had not arrived alone. Gala becomes his life partner and source of inspiration. She also became a bridge connecting the genius with the entire avant-garde community - her tact and gentleness allowed him to maintain at least some kind of relationship with his colleagues. The image of the beloved is reflected in many works Dali .

Portrait of Gala with two lamb ribs balancing on her shoulder

My wife, naked, looks at her own body, which has become a ladder, three vertebrae of a column, the sky and architecture

Galarina

Naked Dali contemplating five ordered bodies turning into carpuscules from which Leonardo's Leda is unexpectedly created, fertilized by the face of Gala

Of course, if we talk about painting Dali , one cannot help but recall his most famous works:

A dream inspired by the flight of a bee around a pomegranate, a moment before waking up

The Persistence of Memory

Flaming Giraffe

Swans reflected in elephants

Pliable Structure with Boiled Beans (Premonition of Civil War)

Anthropomorphic locker

Sodom self-satisfaction of an innocent maiden

Evening spider... hope

The Ghost of Wermeer of Delft, which can also serve as a table

Sculptures Dali took his surreal talent to a new level - from the plane of the canvas they jumped into three-dimensional space, acquiring shape and additional volume. Most of the works became intuitively familiar to the viewer - the master used in them the same images and ideas as in his canvases. To create sculptures Dali I had to spend several hours sculpting in wax and then creating molds for casting figures in bronze. Some of them were then cast in larger sizes.

Besides everything else, Dali was an excellent photographer, and in the century of the very beginning of the development of photography, together with Philip Halsman he managed to create absolutely incredible and surreal photographs.

Love art and enjoy the works of Salvador Dali!

We can say with confidence that people who have not heard of Dali simply do not exist. Some know him for his creativity, which reflected an entire era in the life of mankind, others for the shockingness with which he lived and painted.

All of Salvador Dali's works are worth millions these days, and there are always connoisseurs of creativity who are willing to pay the required amount for a canvas.

Dali and his childhood

The first thing that should be said about the great artist is that he is Spanish. By the way, his nationality Dali was incredibly proud and was a true patriot of his country. The family he was born into determined him in many ways life path, features of the position. The mother of the great creator was a deeply religious person, while his father was a convinced atheist. From childhood, Salvador Dali was immersed in an atmosphere of ambiguity and some ambivalence.

The author of paintings valued at millions was a rather weak student. A restless character, an uncontrollable desire to express his own opinion, and an overactive imagination did not allow him to achieve great success in training, however, Dali showed himself as an artist quite early. Ramon Pichot was the first to notice his ability to draw, and directed the talent of the fourteen-year-old creator into the right direction. So, already at the age of fourteen, the young artist presented his works at an exhibition held in Figueres.

Youth

The works of Salvador Dali allowed him to enter the Madrid Academy fine arts, however, the young and already shocking artist did not stay there for long. Convinced of his exclusivity, he was soon expelled from the academy. Later, in 1926, Dali decided to continue his studies, but was expelled again, without the right to reinstatement.

Huge role in life young artist played an acquaintance with Luis Bonuel, who later became one of the most famous directors working in the genre of surrealism, and Federico, who went down in history as one of the most prominent poets in Spain.

Expelled from the Academy of Arts, the young artist did not hide his feelings, which allowed him to organize his own exhibition in his youth, which was visited by the great Pablo Picasso.

Muse of Salvador Dali

Of course, any creator needs a muse. For Dali, she was Gala Eluard, who was at

The moment of meeting the great surrealist married. A deep, all-consuming passion became the impetus for Gala to leave her husband and to active creativity for Salvador Dali himself. The beloved became not only an inspiration for the surrealist, but also a kind of manager. Thanks to her efforts, the works of Salvador Dali became known in London, New York and Barcelona. The artist's fame acquired completely different dimensions.

Avalanche of glory

As befits any creative nature, the artist Dali constantly developed, strived forward, improved and transformed his technique. Of course, this led to significant changes in his life, the least of which was his exclusion from the list of surrealists. However, this did not affect his career in any way. Multi-thousand and then multi-million dollar exhibitions were gaining momentum. The realization of greatness came to the artist after the publication of his autobiography, the circulation of which sold out in record time.

The most famous works

A person who does not know a single work of Salvador Dali simply does not exist, but few can name at least a few works of the great artist. All over the world, the creations of the outrageous artist are preserved like the apple of an eye and are shown to millions of visitors to museums and exhibitions.

Salvador Dali's most famous paintings I almost always painted in some kind of impulse of feelings, as a result of a certain emotional outburst. For example, “Self-Portrait with Raphael’s Neck” was painted after the death of the artist’s mother, which became a real emotional trauma for Dali, which he repeatedly admitted.

"The Persistence of Memory" is one of the famous works Dali. This particular painting has several different names that coexist equally in art circles. In this case, the canvas depicts the place in which the artist lived and worked - Port Lligata. Many creativity researchers argue that deserted shore This painting reflects the inner emptiness of the creator himself. Salvador Dali “Time” (as this painting is also called) painted under the impression of the melting of Camembert cheese, from which, perhaps, the key images masterpiece. The clock, which takes on completely unimaginable forms on the canvas, symbolizes human perception time and memory. The Persistence of Memory is definitely one of Salvador Dali's most profound and thoughtful works.

Variety of creativity

It's no secret that Salvador Dali's paintings are very different from each other. A certain period in an artist’s life is characterized by one or another manner, style, or certain direction. By the time when the creator publicly declared: “Surrealism is me!” - refers to works written from 1929 to 1934. Such paintings as “William Tell”, “The Evening Ghost”, “Bleeding Roses” and many others belong to this period.

The listed works differ significantly from the paintings of the period limited to 1914 and 1926, when Salvador Dali kept his work within certain limits. Early works The master of shocking is characterized by greater uniformity, measuredness, greater calm, and to some extent greater realism. Among such paintings are “Holiday in Figueres”, “Portrait of my father”, painted in 1920-1921, “View of Cadaqués from Mount Pani”.

Salvador Dali painted his most famous paintings after 1934. From that time on, the artist’s method became “paranoid-critical.” The creator worked in this vein until 1937. Among Dali's works at this time, the most famous were the paintings "Pliable Structure with Boiled Beans (Premonition of the Civil War)" and "Atavistic Remains of Rain"

The “paranoid-critical” period was followed by the so-called American period. It was at this time that Dali wrote his famous “Dream”, “Galarine” and “Dream inspired by the flight of a bee around a pomegranate, a moment before awakening.”

The works of Salvador Dali become increasingly tense over time. The American period is followed by a period of nuclear mysticism. The painting “Sodom Self-satisfaction of an Innocent Maiden” was painted precisely at this time. During the same period, in 1963, the “Ecumenical Council” was written.

Dali calms down

The Less Known Dali

Few people know, but Salvador Dali created his greatest works not only on canvas and wood and not only with the help of paints. The artist’s acquaintance with Luis Bonuel not only largely determined the further direction of Dali’s work, but was also reflected in the painting “Un Chien Andalusian,” which shocked the audience at the time. It was this film that became a kind of slap in the face of the bourgeoisie.

Soon, Dali and Bonuel parted ways, but their joint work went down in history.

Dali and shocking

Even the artist’s appearance suggests that this is a deeply creative, extraordinary nature, striving for something new and unknown.

Dali was never distinguished by his desire for a calm, traditional appearance. On the contrary, he was proud of his unusual antics and used them in every possible way to his advantage. For example, the artist wrote a book about his own mustache, calling it “antennas for the perception of art.”

In an effort to impress, Dali decided to spend one of his own meetings in a diving suit, as a result of which he almost suffocated.

Dali Salvador put his creativity above all else. The artist gained fame in the most unexpected, strangest ways imaginable. He bought dollar bills for $2, then sold a book about this action for a lot of money. The artist defended the right of his installations to exist by destroying them and bringing them to the police.

Salvador Dali left behind the most famous paintings in huge quantities. However, as well as memories of his strange, incomprehensible character and worldview.

The article contains paintings by Salvador Dali with titles, as well as the work of Salvador Dali, his path as an artist and how he came to surrealism. Below are links to more complete collections of paintings by El Salvador.

Yes, I understand, the paragraph above looks like it would make your eyes bleed, but Google and Yandex have somewhat specific tastes (if you know what I mean) and it worked well for them, so I’m scared to change anything. Don't be afraid, it's not much further, but it's better.

The works of Salvador Dali.

Judgments, actions, paintings by Salvador Dali, everything had a slight touch of madness. This man was not just a surrealist artist, he himself was the embodiment surrealism.

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However, Dali did not come to surrealism right away. The work of Salvador Dali began primarily with a passion for impressionism and studying the techniques of classical academic painting. Dali's first paintings were landscapes of Figueres, where there were still no traces of a surreal vision of the world.

His passion for impressionism gradually faded away and Dali began to try his hand at cubism, drawing inspiration from the paintings of Pablo Picasso. Even in some of the master’s surreal works, elements of cubism can be traced. The work of Salvador Dali was also greatly influenced by Renaissance painting. He said many times that contemporary artists nothing compared to the titans of the past (and even earlier, vodka was sweeter and the grass was greener, a familiar song).

First learn to draw and write like the old masters, and only then do what you want - and they will respect you. Salvador Dali

The formation of the actual surrealistic style in the paintings of Salvador Dali began around the same time with his expulsion from the academy and his first exhibition in Barcelona. Only at the end of your life Dali will move away somewhat from surrealism and return to more realistic painting.

Despite the tense relationship between Salvador Dali and the actual surrealist crowd of that time, his image became the personification of surrealism and everything surreal in the minds of the masses. Dali's expression “surrealism is me” in modern world became true in the eyes of millions. Ask any person on the street who he associates with the word surrealism - almost everyone will answer without hesitation: “Salvador Dali.” His name is familiar even to those who do not quite understand the meaning and philosophy of surrealism and those who are not interested in painting. I would say that Dali has become a kind of mainstream in painting, despite the fact that the philosophy of his work is incomprehensible to many.

The secret of success of Salvador Dali

Salvador Dali had a rare ability to shock others; he was the hero of the lion's share of small talk of his era. Everyone spoke about the artist, from the bourgeoisie to the proletariat. Salvador was probably best actor from artists. Dali could easily be called a PR genius, both black and white. Salvador had an excellent ability to sell and promote himself as a brand. Salvador Dali's paintings were the embodiment of an extravagant personality, strange and extravagant, representing an uncontrolled flow of the subconscious and possessing a unique, recognizable style.

By the way, early works Dali is very similar to Yves Tanguy’s paintings, I couldn’t tell the difference. It is not clear who borrowed from whom; one woman said that it was Dali who borrowed the style from Tanguy (but this is inaccurate). So - steal, kill, borrow wisely and success awaits you. However, it is not so important who was the first (and the first in a similar style was Max Ernst - it was he who came up with the idea of ​​carefully writing out schizoid images). It was Salvador, thanks to his artistic skill, who developed and fully embodied the ideas of surrealism.