Russian State Library named after. IN AND

Directors

Organizational structure

Library building complex

Pashkov house

Main building

Main book depository

The international cooperation

Cultural influence

Interesting Facts

Russian State Library(FGBU RSL) - federal state budgetary institution, national library of the Russian Federation, the largest public library in Russia and continental Europe and one of the largest libraries in the world; a leading research institution in the field of library science, bibliography and bibliology, a methodological and advisory center for Russian libraries of all systems (except for special and scientific-technical ones), a center for recommendatory bibliography.

Founded on June 19 (July 1), 1862 as part of the Moscow public Rumyantsev Museum. Since education, he has received legal copies of domestic publications. On January 24, 1924, it was renamed the Russian Library. V.I. Lenin. On February 6, 1925, it was transformed into the State Library of the USSR. V.I. Lenin, since January 22, 1992 has had its modern name.

Story

The Rumyantsev Museum, established in 1828 and founded in 1831 in St. Petersburg, has been part of the Imperial Public Library since 1845. The museum was in dire straits. The curator of the Rumyantsev Museum V.F. Odoevsky proposed to transport the Rumyantsev collections to Moscow, where they would be in demand and preserved. Odoevsky’s note about the difficult situation of the Rumyantsev Museum, sent to the Minister of the State Household, was “accidentally” seen by N.V. Isakov and gave it a go.

On May 23 (June 5), 1861, the Committee of Ministers adopted a resolution on the transfer of the Rumyantsev Museum to Moscow and on the creation of the Moscow Public Museum. In 1861, the acquisition and organization of funds and the movement of the Rumyantsev collections from St. Petersburg to Moscow began.

A significant role in the formation of the Moscow Public and Rumyantsev Museums belonged to the St. Petersburg libraries and, above all, the Imperial Public Library, whose director M. A. Korf personally instructed V. F. Odoevsky to compile a note on the plight of the Rumyantsev Museum in St. Petersburg and the possibility of transferring it to Moscow, and Wanting to “show a new sign of his sincere sympathy and assistance to the further success of the Moscow Public Library, he petitioned for the circulation of books to it.”

In his letter dated July 28, 1861, M. A. Korf wrote to N. V. Isakov that he “considered it an honor to be a participant in the founding of a public library in Moscow.” Following the Imperial Public Library, other libraries and organizations in St. Petersburg assisted the Library of Museums in its formation. Russian Academy Sciences, the St. Petersburg Theological Academy, and the Department of the General Staff helped the Moscow Public and Rumyantsev Museums and the Library in the first years of their formation.

Many volumes of Russian, foreign, first-print books from the doublets of the Imperial Public Library in boxes with registers and catalog cards were sent to the newly created library in Moscow. Doublets from the Imperial Hermitage collections transferred to the Imperial Public Library were also sent here.

With the support of the Minister of Public Education E.P. Kovalevsky, Governor-General P.A. Tuchkov and Trustee of the Moscow Educational District N.V. Isakov invited all Muscovites to take part in the formation of the newly created “Museum of Sciences and Arts.” They turned for help to Moscow societies - Noble, Merchant, Meshchansky, publishing houses, and individual citizens. Many Muscovites volunteered to help the long-awaited Library and Museums. More than 300 book and manuscript collections and individual valuable gifts were included in the collections of the Moscow Public and Rumyantsev Museums.

On June 19 (July 1), 1862, Emperor Alexander II approved the “Regulations on the Moscow Public Museum and the Rumyantsev Museum,” which became the first legal document, which determined the management, structure, directions of activity, receipt of legal deposit in the Library of Museums, staffing table the first public Museum created in Moscow with a public library that was part of this Museum.

In addition to the Library, the Moscow Public and Rumyantsev Museums included departments of manuscripts, rare books, Christian and Russian antiquities, departments of fine arts, ethnographic, numismatic, archaeological, and mineralogical departments.

A book and manuscript fund was created on the basis of the book and manuscript collections of the Moscow and Rumyantsev museums.

In 1869, Emperor Alexander II approved the first and only until 1917 Charter of the Moscow Public and Rumyantsev Museums, and the Regulations on the staff of Museums.

In the first 56 years of the history of the Museums, the following people served here: full-time officials; persons assigned to study in Museums and assigned to the Ministry of Public Education; supernumerary officials of the 10th class; lower servants; free workers from wages; persons who worked for the benefit of the Museums free of charge. The first women appeared on the Museum staff only in 1917. Before that, they were only part of free workers and lower servants.

The full-time post of duty officer at the Reading Room was occupied by the philosopher, founder of Russian cosmism N. F. Fedorov in the last quarter of the 19th century, who saw the Museums as an “experimental field” for his philosophical ideas, to create a Philosophy of Common Cause. He helped readers by being attentive to their requests and in conversations with them. K. E. Tsiolkovsky considered Fedorov his “university.” L.N. Tolstoy said that he was proud that he lived at the same time as N.F. Fedorov. In 1898, N. F. Fedorov submitted his resignation.

During the ministry of N. F. Fedorov, the curators of the Museum departments were: N. G. Kertselli (1870-1880 - curator of Dashkovsky ethnographic museum at the Museums; full member of many Russian scientific societies) continued the work of K. K. Hertz, curator of the collection of fine arts; G. D. Filimonov (1870-1898 - keeper of the department of Christian and Russian antiquities of the Museums, active member of many Russian and foreign scientific societies); the curator of the ethnographic cabinet, K. I. Renard, continued his work; V. F. Miller (1885-1897 - curator of the Dashkovo Ethnographic Museum, ordinary professor at Moscow University in the department of comparative linguistics and Sanskrit language), left service at the Moscow Public and Rumyatsev Museums on the occasion of his appointment to the post of director of the Lazarev Institute of Oriental Languages, ordinary academician St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1911) I. V. Tsvetaev, who worked in Museums in 1882-1910.

The custodians of the department of manuscripts and early printed books, with which the Library was especially closely connected throughout its history, were A. E. Viktorov, D. P. Lebedev, S. O. Dolgov. D. P. Lebedev in 1879-1891 was first A. E. Viktorov’s assistant in the department of manuscripts, and after Viktorov’s death he replaced him as keeper of the department.

Historian, archaeographer D.P. Lebedev made a great contribution to the disclosure and description of manuscript collections from the Museums’ fund, including the collections of his mentor and teacher A.E. Viktorov.S. O. Dolgov, historian, archaeologist, archaeographer, author of many scientific works, in 1883-1892 - assistant curator of the manuscript department.

On December 31, 1894 (January 12, 1895), the Museums received their first patron. It became Emperor Nicholas II. From the very beginning, one of the Grand Dukes became a trustee of the Moscow Public and Rumyantsev Museums. Members of the imperial family were elected honorary members of the Museums. They often visited Museums, leaving entries in the Book of Honored Guests.

In 1913, the 300th anniversary of the Romanov dynasty was celebrated. The celebration of the 50th anniversary of the Moscow Public and Rumyantsev Museums was also timed to coincide with this time. The imperial family made a great contribution to the development of the book and manuscript collections of museums.

In accordance with the highest decision, the Moscow Public and Rumyantsev Museums began to be called Imperial Moscow and Rumyantsev Museum. In connection with the celebration of the 300th anniversary of the Romanov dynasty, the State Duma, during the discussion of anniversary events, decided to create the “All-Russian folk museum", the role of which the Moscow Public and Rumyantsev Museums were called upon to play. From the same year, the Museum Library began to receive money for the first time to complete the collection.

In February 1917, the Imperial Moscow and Rumyantsev Museum was renamed State Rumyantsev Museum (SRM).

The return of the capital to Moscow in March 1918 changed the status of the State Russian Museum Library, which soon became the main library of the country.

In 1918, an interlibrary loan and a reference and bibliographic bureau were organized in the State Russian Museum Library.

In 1919, by resolution of the Council of People's Commissars, the State Rumyantsev Museum was allocated significant funds for its development, which made it possible to increase staff, create scientific departments, attract leading scientists to work, and begin creating new ones. Soviet tables library and bibliographic classification, building a systematic catalog on their basis.

By the early 1920s, the State Russian Museum Library was already an established cultural and scientific center.

In 1920, a secret department was created in the Library, access to the funds of which was limited. This department preserved books whose owners left Russia after the revolution, books by prominent scientists, writers from the “philosophical ship” of 1922, members of numerous groups and associations of cultural figures from RAPP to unions of the bourgeois intelligentsia, victims of the fight against formalism in literature and art , many repressed. In the conditions of fundamental changes in the class structure of Soviet society, ideological purges, and repressions, the Library managed to maintain a special storage fund.

In 1921, the Library became a state book depository. The library took part in the implementation of the 1918 Central Executive Committee Decree “On the Protection of Libraries and Book Depositories”, including abandoned, ownerless, nationalized book collections in its holdings. Because of this, the Library's collection from 1 million 200 thousand items on January 1 (13), 1917, grew to 4 million items, which needed to be not only placed in insufficient space, but also processed and made available to readers.

Taking advantage of the favorable conditions provided to it as the main library of the country (Resolution of the Council of People's Commissars of July 14, 1921 “On the procedure for the acquisition and distribution of foreign literature”, other resolutions), the Library works to acquire foreign literature and, above all, foreign periodicals.

The creation of the USSR and the formation of a multinational Soviet culture predetermined one of the most important directions in acquiring the Library's collection - collecting literature in all written languages ​​of the peoples of the USSR. An Eastern department was created with a sector of literature of the peoples of the USSR, the processing of this literature was organized in a short time, an appropriate system of catalogs was created, the processing of literature and catalogs were as close as possible to the reader.

Since 1922, the Library has received two legal copies of all printed publications on the territory of the state, including promptly providing readers with not only literature in the languages ​​of the peoples of the USSR, but also its translations into Russian.

In 1924, on the basis of the State Rumyantsev Museum, the Russian Public Library named after V. I. Ulyanov (Lenin). Since 1925 it has been called State Library of the USSR named after V. I. Lenin (GBL).

On May 3, 1932, by the Decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR, the Library was included in the number of research institutions of republican significance.

In the first days of the Great Patriotic War, On June 27, 1941, a resolution was adopted by the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (6) and the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR “On the procedure for the removal and placement of human contingents and valuable property.” The library immediately began preparations for the evacuation of its most valuable collections. Library Director N. N. Yakovlev was appointed authorized by the People's Commissariat for Education for the evacuation of library and museum valuables from Moscow. About 700 thousand items (rare and especially valuable publications, manuscripts) were evacuated from Leninka. The selected and packaged books and manuscripts, first to Nizhny Novgorod, then to Molotov, were accompanied by a group of GBL employees.

During the incomplete first war year (July 1941 - March 1942), the Library sent 546 letters offering exchange to various countries, primarily English-speaking ones, and consent was received from a number of countries.

In 1942, the Library had book exchange relations with 16 countries and 189 organizations. The most intensive exchanges took place with England and the USA.

In May 1942, in order to more fully record and bring into the proper system the most important bibliographic resources - catalogs and card files, the Library began their certification, completing it even before the end of the war. Work was underway to create a consolidated catalog of foreign publications in Moscow libraries.

In 1943, a department of children's and youth literature was created.

In 1944, the Library's holdings were re-evacuated and placed on the shelves of the Library's storage facilities. In the same year, the Book of Honor and the Board of Honor were established.

In February 1944, a department of hygiene and restoration was created in the Library with a research laboratory attached to it.

Since 1944, the issue of transferring candidate and doctoral dissertations to the Library was resolved. The fund was actively completed through the purchase of antique domestic and world literature.

On March 29, 1945, for outstanding services in collecting and storing book collections and serving books to the general public (in connection with the 20th anniversary of the transformation of the Rumyantsev Museum Library into the State Library of the USSR named after V. I. Lenin), the Library was awarded the Order of Lenin. At the same time, a large group of Library employees was awarded orders and medals.

In 1946, the question of creating a consolidated catalog of Russian books was raised.

On April 18, 1946, the first reading conference in the history of the Library took place in the conference hall.

In 1947, the “Regulations on the consolidated catalog of Russian books of the largest libraries of the USSR” and the “Work plan for compiling a consolidated catalog of Russian books of the largest libraries of the USSR” were approved, and a methodological council was created at the GBL from representatives of the State Public Library. M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin, the Library of the Academy of Sciences, the All-Union Book Chamber and the GBL, a sector of union catalogs is being organized within the GBL processing department, work has begun on preparing a database for a union catalog of Russian books of the 19th century.

In the same year, a 50-meter vertical conveyor for transporting books came into operation, an electric train and a conveyor belt were launched to deliver requests from the reading rooms to the book depository. Work has begun to serve readers with photocopies. To read microfilms, a small office was set up, equipped with two Soviet and one American machines.

On December 30, 1952, the Committee for Cultural and Educational Institutions under the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR approved the new “Charter of the State Order of V. I. Lenin Library of the USSR named after. V. I. Lenin."

In April 1953, in connection with the formation of the Ministry of Culture of the RSFSR and the disbandment of the Committee for Cultural and Educational Institutions under the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR, the Library was transferred from the jurisdiction of the Committee for Cultural and Educational Institutions under the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR to the Ministry of Culture of the RSFSR.

In 1955, the cartography sector began to produce and distribute printed cards for legal deposit maps and atlases received by the Library. In the same year, the international subscription was renewed.

In 1956, the First All-Union Seminar on the study of LBC was held in Moscow. The Library began systematizing new acquisitions from the LBC and organized the second row of the catalog.

In 1957-1958, reading rooms No. 1, 2, 3 and 4 were opened in new premises.

In 1959, by order of the Ministry of Culture of the RSFSR, an editorial board was formed to publish LBC tables. During 1960-1968, 25 issues (in 30 books) of the first edition of the LBC tables were published for scientific libraries.

In 1959-1960, a system of industrial reading rooms was formed, and the auxiliary funds of scientific rooms were transferred to an open access system. In the mid-1960s, the Library had 22 reading rooms with 2,330 seats.

In 1962-1967, a consolidated catalog of Russian civil press books of the 18th century was published in 5 volumes.

In 1964, the Library was transferred to the jurisdiction of the USSR Ministry of Culture.

On February 6, 1973, according to the order of the USSR Minister of Culture No. 72, a new charter of the GBL was approved.

In 1973, the V. I. Lenin Library was awarded the highest award in Bulgaria - the Order of Georgi Dimitrov.

In February 1975, the 50th anniversary of the transformation of the Rumyantsev Public Library into the State Library of the USSR named after. V.I. Lenin.

In 1991, the Library became one of the main organizers of the LVII session of IFLA in Moscow.

On January 22, 1992, by decree of the President of the Russian Federation, the GBL was transformed into Russian State Library. However, above the central entrance to the Library there is still a slab with the old name. To this day, the Library bears the unofficial name “Leninka”.

In 1993, the art publishing department became one of the founders of the Moscow Association of Art Libraries (MABIS).

In 1995, the Library began the project “Cultural Heritage of Russia” (“Memory of Russia”).

In 1996, the “Strategy for the Modernization of the Russian State Library” was approved.

On March 3, 2001, a new Charter of the RSL was approved. Introduction of new information carriers, information technologies changes technological processes.

Directors

• 1910-1921 - Vasily Dmitrievich Golitsyn
• 1921-1924 - Anatoly Kornelievich Vinogradov
• 1924-1924 - at the head of the temporary commission Dmitry Nikolaevich Egorov
• 1924-1935 - Vladimir Ivanovich Nevsky
• 1935-1939 - Rozmirovich Elena Fedorovna
• 1939-1943 - Nikolai Nikiforovich Yakovlev
• 1943-1953 - Vasily Grigorievich Olishev
• 1953-1959 - Pavel Mikhailovich Bogachev
• 1959-1969 - Ivan Petrovich Kondakov
• 1969-1972 - Ogan Stepanovich Chubaryan
• 1972-1979 - Nikolai Mikhailovich Sikorsky
• 1979-1990 - Nikolai Semenovich Kartashov
• 1990-1992 - Anatoly Petrovich Volik
• 1992-1996 - Igor Svyatoslavovich Filippov
• 1996 - Tatyana Viktorovna Ershova
• 1996-1998 - Vladimir Konstantinovich Egorov
• 1998-2009 - Viktor Vasilievich Fedorov
• since 2009 - Alexander Ivanovich Visly

Organizational structure

Fund system management (FSM):

• Fixed assets storage department (FB);
• Department of Acquisition of Domestic Literature (OOK);
• Department of Acquisition of Foreign Literature (OIC);
• Department for Acquisition of Network Remote Resources (RNR);
• Department of Exchange and Reserve Funds (ERF);

Office of Specialized Departments (USD):

• Art Publishing Department (IZO);
• Department of Cartographic Publications (KGR);
• Microform Department (OMF);
• Department of Music Publishing and Sound Recordings (MZ);
• Research Department of Rare Books (Museum of Books) (MK);
• Scientific Research Department of Manuscripts (NIOR);
• Department of Military Literature (OVL);
• Department of Literature of Russian Abroad and Publications of DSP (RZ);
• Department of Official and Regulatory Publications (OFN);
• Department of Literature in Library Science, Bibliography and Book Science (OBL);
• Electronic Library Department (ELD);
• Center for Oriental Literature (CEL);

Department for the Khimki complex (UHC):

• Newspaper Department (OG);
• Dissertation Department (OD);

Directory system management (USC):

• Cataloging Department (OCD);
• Preliminary Cataloging Department (PCD);
• Department of organization and use of catalogs (ORK);

Office of Automation and Library Technologies (UABT):

• Department for Support of Automated Information Library Systems (ALS);
• Research Department for the Development of Computer Technologies and Linguistic Support (RKT);
• Research Department for support of machine-readable data formats (FMD);
• Technological department (TO);

Information Resources Department (IR):

• Department “National Electronic Library” (NEL);
• Digital Library Support Department (ELS);
• Scanning Department (USC);
• Department of technical scanning quality control (QC);
• Department for the Development and Use of Cognitive Technologies (RICT);

Information Technology Department (IT):

• Department of Computer Systems Research (ICS);
• Department of technical support for access to electronic resources (OPD);
• Internet Technology Support Department (ITS);
• Software Support Department (SSDO);
• Research Center for the Development of Library and Bibliographic Classification (SRC BBK);
• Department library services(OBS);
• Usage department electronic resources(IER);
• Department of reference and bibliographic services (SBO);
• Center for IBA and Document Delivery (CADD);
• Research Department of Library Science (RBD);
• Scientific Research Department of Book Studies (RCD);
• Bibliography Research Department (RBD);
• Scientific Research Center for Culture and Art (SRC KI);
• Department of Organization of Exhibition Works (OVR);
• Department of Interlibrary Cooperation with Libraries of Russia and CIS Countries (MBRS);
• Department of Foreign Library Science and International Library Relations (IBC);
• Training Center for Postgraduate and Additional Professional Education of Specialists (UC);

Editorial and Publishing Department of Periodicals (RIOPI);

Editorial Board of the magazine “Eastern Collection” (ZhVK);

Department of Material and Technical Support (UMTO):

• Research Center for Conservation and Restoration of Documents (SRCDC);
• Printing Department (PD);
• Microphotocopying Department (OMF);
• Logistics Department (LMTS);
• Customs Clearance Sector (CCS).

Library building complex

Pashkov house

In 1861, the Pashkov House was transferred to store the collections and library of the Rumyantsev Museum. In 1921, due to the entry into the museum after the revolution of more than 400 personal libraries requisitioned by the Soviet government, all departments of the museum were removed from Pashkov's house. There remained a library in it, which was later transformed into the Public Library of the USSR. V.I. Lenin. The building was dedicated to the department of rare manuscripts. In 1988-2007, Pashkov House was not used due to renovations carried out there.

Main building

With the transformation of the Library of the State Rumyantsev Museum into the State Library of the USSR. V.I. Lenin’s huge number of book receipts and high status required innovations. First of all, expansion of areas. In 1926, the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR recognized “the existing building of the Lenin Library as inappropriate for its work and significance.”

In 1927-1929, a competition for best project. Preference was given to the project of architects V. G. Gelfreich and V. A. Shchuko, despite the fact that they did not participate in the competition. Their work was appreciated by the director of the Library V. I. Nevsky.

V.I. Nevsky ensured that the authorities decided on the need for construction. He also laid the first stone in the foundation of the new building. It became the standard of the “Stalinist Empire style”. The authors combined Soviet monumentalism and neoclassical forms. The building harmoniously fits into the architectural surroundings - the Kremlin, Moscow University, Manezh, Pashkov House.

The building is lavishly decorated. Between the pylons of the facade there are bronze bas-reliefs depicting scientists, philosophers, writers: Archimedes, Copernicus, Galileo, I. Newton, M. V. Lomonosov, C. Darwin, A. S. Pushkin, N. V. Gogol. The sculptural frieze above the main portico was made mainly according to the drawings of academician of architecture and theater artist V. A. Shchuko. M. G. Manizer, N. took part in the design of the Library. V. Krandievskaya, V. I. Mukhina, S. V. Evseev, V. V. Lishev. The conference hall was designed by the architect A.F. Khryakov.

Limestone and solemn black granite were used for cladding the facades, and marble, bronze, and oak wall panels for the interiors.

On May 15, 1935, one of the first Moscow metro stations, called the Lenin Library, was opened in the immediate vicinity of the Library.

In 1957-1958, the construction of buildings “A” and “B” was completed. The war prevented all work from being completed on time. The construction and development of the library complex, which included several buildings, lasted until 1960.

In 2003, an advertising structure in the form of the Uralsib company logo was installed on the roof of the building. In May 2012, the structure, which became “one of the dominant features of the appearance of the historical center of Moscow,” was dismantled.

Main book depository

At the end of the 1930s, a 19-tier book depository was built with a total area of ​​almost 85,000 m². A lattice mesh is laid between the storey tiers, allowing the building to withstand the full weight of millions of books.

Development of the new book depository began in 1941. The building, designed for 20 million storage units, was not completely completed. There was a war going on, and the issue of evacuation of library collections came up. The Library management appealed to the government with a request to authorize the early movement of books from the fire-hazardous Pashkov House (many wooden floors) to a new reinforced concrete building. Permission was received. The move lasted 90 days.

In 1997, the Russian Ministry of Finance allocated a French investment loan in the amount of $10 million for the reconstruction of the RSL. The literature was not removed from the storage facility anywhere. A staged system was in effect. The books were moved to other tiers, stacked and covered with a special fireproof cloth. As soon as work on a given site was completed, they returned to the site.

Over the course of several years, radical changes took place in the book depository building: power equipment and electric lighting were replaced; air handling units, refrigeration units and exhaust units were installed and launched; A modern fire extinguishing system has been introduced and a local computer network has been installed. The work was carried out without removing funds.

In 1999, an advertising structure in the form of the Samsung logo was installed on the roof of the building. On January 9, 2013, the structure, which had become “one of the dominant features of the appearance of the historical center of Moscow,” was dismantled.

Library collections

The collection of the Russian State Library originates from the collection of N.P. Rumyantsev, which included more than 28 thousand books, 710 manuscripts, and more than 1000 maps.

The “Regulations on the Moscow Public Museum and the Rumyantsev Museum” stated that the director is obliged to ensure that the Library of Museums includes all literature published on the territory of the Russian Empire. Thus, since 1862, the Library began to receive legal deposit. Until 1917, 80% of the fund came from legal deposit receipts. Donations and donations have become the most important source of replenishment of the fund.

A year and a half after the founding of the Museums, the Library’s fund amounted to 100 thousand items. And on January 1 (13), 1917, the Library of the Rumyantsev Museum had 1 million 200 thousand items of storage.

At the time of the start of the work of the Interdepartmental Commission, headed by Glavlit of the USSR, to revise publications and rearrange them from special storage departments to “open” funds in 1987, the fund of the special storage department totaled about 27 thousand domestic books, 250 thousand foreign books, 572 thousand. issues of foreign magazines, about 8.5 thousand annual sets of foreign newspapers.

As of January 1, 2013, the volume of the RSL funds was 44.8 million accounting units; the funds included 18 million books, 13.1 million issues of magazines, 697.2 thousand annual sets of newspapers in 367 languages, 374 thousand units of notes, 152.4 thousand maps, 1.3 million units of isographics, 1, 1 million units of sheet text publications, 2.3 million units of special types of technical publications, 1038.8 thousand dissertations, 579.6 thousand units of archival and manuscript materials, 11.9 thousand unpublished materials on culture and art, 37.4 thousand audiovisual documents, 3.3 million rolls of microfilms, 41.7 thousand electronic documents.

In accordance with Federal Law Russian Federation dated December 29, 1994 No. 77-FZ “On the Legal Copy of Documents” The Russian State Library receives a legal hard copy of all replicated documents published on the territory of the Russian Federation.

The central fixed fund contains more than 29 million storage units: books, magazines, ongoing publications, documents for official use. It is the basic collection in the subsystem of the main document collections of the RSL. The fund was formed on the basis of the collection principle. Of particular value are more than 200 private book collections of domestic figures of science, culture, education, outstanding bibliophiles and collectors of Russia.

The Central Reference and Bibliographic Fund contains more than 300 thousand items. The content of the documents included in it is universal in nature. The fund contains a significant collection of abstract, bibliographic and reference publications in Russian, languages ​​of the peoples of the Russian Federation and foreign languages(except for the eastern ones). The collection widely includes retrospective bibliographic indexes, dictionaries, encyclopedias, reference books, and guidebooks.

The Central Auxiliary Fund collects and quickly makes available to readers in open access the most popular printed publications in Russian, published by the central publishing houses of Moscow and St. Petersburg. The fund has a large collection of scientific, reference and educational literature. In addition to books, it includes magazines, brochures, and newspapers.

The RSL Electronic Library is a collection of electronic copies of valuable and most requested publications from the RSL collections, from external sources and documents originally created in electronic form. The volume of the fund at the beginning of 2013 is about 900 thousand documents and is constantly being replenished. The full range of resources is available in the reading rooms of the RSL. Access to documents is provided in accordance with Part IV of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation.

The RSL electronic library contains open access resources that can be freely read on the Internet from anywhere globe, and limited access resources that can only be read within the walls of the RSL, from any reading room.

There are about 600 Virtual Reading Rooms (VRR) operating in Russia and the CIS countries. They are located in national and regional libraries, as well as in the libraries of universities and other educational institutions. VChZ provide the opportunity to access and work with RSL documents, including restricted access resources. This function is provided by DefView software, the predecessor of the more modern Vivaldi network of digital libraries.

The Manuscript Fund is a universal collection of written and graphic manuscripts in various languages, including Old Russian, Ancient Greek, and Latin. It contains handwritten books, archival collections and funds, personal (family, ancestral) archives. Documents, the earliest of which date back to the 6th century AD. e., made on paper, parchment, and other specific materials. The fund contains the rarest handwritten books: the Arkhangelsk Gospel (1092), the Khitrovo Gospel (late 14th - early 15th centuries), etc.

The fund of rare and valuable publications includes more than 300 thousand items. It includes printed publications in Russian and foreign languages ​​that correspond to certain social and value parameters - uniqueness, priority, memoriality, collectibility. The fund, according to the content of the documents included in it, is universal in nature. It presents printed books from the mid-16th century, Russian periodicals, including “Moskovskie Vedomosti” (since 1756), publications by the pioneer Slavic printers Sh. Fiol, F. Skorina, I. Fedorov and P. Mstislavets, collections of incunabula and paleotypes , first editions of the works of G. Bruno, Dante, R. G. de Clavijo, N. Copernicus, archives of N. V. Gogol, I. S. Turgenev, A. P. Chekhov, A. A. Blok, M. A. Bulgakova and others.

The dissertation fund includes domestic doctoral and master's theses in all branches of knowledge, except medicine and pharmacy. The collection contains author's copies of dissertations from 1951-2010, as well as microforms of dissertations made to replace the originals from the 1940s-1950s. The fund is retained as part cultural heritage Russia.

The newspaper fund, which includes more than 670 thousand items, is one of the largest meetings in Russia and the post-Soviet space. It includes domestic and foreign newspapers published since the 18th century. The most valuable part of the fund are Russian pre-revolutionary newspapers and publications from the first years of Soviet power.

The military literature fund contains more than 614 thousand items. It includes printed and electronic publications in Russian and foreign languages. Wartime documents are presented - front-line newspapers, posters, leaflets, the texts for which were composed by the classics of Soviet literature I. G. Erenburg, S. V. Mikhalkov, S. Ya. Marshak, M. V. Isakovsky.

The fund of literature in oriental languages ​​(countries of Asia and Africa) includes domestic and the most scientifically and practically significant foreign publications in 224 languages, reflecting the diversity of topics, genres, and types of printing design. The sections of the socio-political and humanities are most fully represented in the fund. It includes books, magazines, ongoing publications, newspapers, and speech recordings.

A specialized fund of current periodicals has been formed to quickly serve readers with current periodicals. Doublet copies of Russian periodicals are in the public domain. The fund contains domestic and foreign magazines, as well as the most popular central and Moscow newspapers in Russian. Upon expiration of the established period, the journals are transferred for permanent storage to the Central Fixed Fund.

Collection of fine art publications, numbering about 1.5 million copies. This collection includes posters and prints, engravings and popular prints, reproductions and postcards, photographs and graphic materials. The Foundation introduces in detail the personal collections of famous collectors, including portraits, bookplates, and works of applied graphics.

The fund of cartographic publications numbers about 250 thousand items. This specialized collection, including atlases, maps, plans, map diagrams and globes, provides material on topics, types of publications of this kind and forms of presentation of cartographic information.

The fund of musical publications and sound recordings (more than 400 thousand storage units) is one of the largest collections, representing all the most significant in the world repertoire, starting from the 16th century. The music fund contains both original documents and copies. It also includes documents on electronic media. The sound recording fund contains shellac and vinyl records, cassettes, tapes of domestic manufacturers, CDs, DVDs.

The fund of official and regulatory publications is a specialized collection of official documents and publications of international organizations, government bodies and management of the Russian Federation and individual foreign countries, official regulatory and production documents, and Rosstat publications. The total volume of the fund exceeds 2 million storage units, presented in paper and electronic forms, as well as on other micro-media.

The collection of Russian literature abroad, numbering more than 700 thousand items, contains works by authors from all waves of emigration. Its most valuable component is the collection of newspapers published in the lands occupied by the White Army during the Civil War; others were published in the occupied territories of the USSR during the Great Patriotic War. The fund stores the works of figures of the domestic human rights movement.

The fund of network remote resources includes more than 180 thousand items. It includes resources of other organizations located on remote servers to which the library provides permanent or temporary access. In terms of the content of the documents included in the fund, it is universal in nature.

The collection of publications on optical compact discs (CD and DVD) is one of the youngest collections of RSL documents. The fund contains more than 8 thousand storage units various types and appointments. Includes text, audio and multimedia documents that are original publications or electronic analogues of printed publications. The content of the documents included in it is universal in nature.

The Literature Fund on Library Science, Bibliography and Bibliology is the world's largest specialized collection of publications of this kind. It also includes language dictionaries, encyclopedias and general reference books, literature on related fields of knowledge. 170 thousand documents available to the fund cover the period from the 18th century to the present. Publications of the Russian State Library are included in a separate collection.

The stock of microform working copies contains about 3 million storage units. It includes microforms of publications in Russian and foreign languages. Partially presented are microforms of newspapers and dissertations, as well as publications that do not have paper equivalents, but meet such parameters as value, uniqueness, and high demand.

The intrastate book exchange fund, which is part of the subsystem of exchange funds of the Russian State Library, has more than 60 thousand items. These are doublet and non-core documents excluded from the fixed assets - books, brochures, periodicals in Russian and foreign languages. The fund is intended for redistribution through gift, equivalent exchange and sale.

The fund of unpublished documents and deposited scientific works on culture and art includes more than 15 thousand items. It includes deposited scientific works and unpublished documents - reviews, abstracts, references, bibliographic lists, methodological and methodological-bibliographic materials, scripts for holidays and mass performances, materials of conferences and meetings. The foundation's documents are of great industry-wide importance.

Library service

As of January 1, 2013, the Library’s information resources were used by about 93.1 thousand readers, to whom up to 15.7 million documents were issued annually. Every year the RSL is visited by 1.5 million Russian and foreign users, 7 thousand visitors per day. Their information services are provided in 38 reading rooms with 1,746 seats (499 of which are computerized). The Library's websites were visited by 7.4 million users in 2012.

Reference and search engine

The Russian State Library has an extensive system of card catalogs and card indexes.

The General Systematic Catalog (GSK) contains systematized information about books and brochures on universal topics published in the 16th-20th centuries (before 1961). Its electronic version is available on the local network from five computers in the GSK premises.

The Central Catalog System (CSS) of the Library is intended for independent work readers when searching for information about the RSL funds. CSK includes the following directories:

2) alphabetical catalog of books in Russian from 1980 to 2002;

4) alphabetical catalog of books in foreign European languages ​​from the 18th century to 1979;

5) an alphabetical catalog of books in foreign European languages ​​from 1980 to 2002 editions, which is also a consolidated catalog reflecting information about the holdings of the largest libraries in Russia and some foreign countries;

6) a consolidated alphabetical catalog of books in foreign European languages ​​from 1940 to 1979 editions, reflecting information on the holdings of the largest libraries of the Russian Federation (except for the holdings of the Russian State Library) and some foreign countries;

7) an alphabetical catalog of periodicals and ongoing publications in Russian, reflecting information about the RSL collection from the 18th century to 2009.

8) an alphabetical catalog of periodicals and ongoing publications in foreign European languages, reflecting information about the RSL collection from the 19th century to 2009.

9) a systematic catalog of books, reflecting information about books published in Russian and foreign European languages ​​from 1980 to 2012.

10) a systematic catalog of books, reflecting information about publications in the languages ​​of the peoples of the Russian Federation (except Russian), Belarusian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Moldavian, Ukrainian and Estonian.

Alphabetical and systematic catalogs of specialized fund-holding departments reflect the RSL fund according to certain species documents, media and topics. Catalogs are managed by specialized departments and are located on the territory of the relevant departments.

The unified electronic catalog (EC) of the RSL contains bibliographic records for all types of documents, including articles published in Russian and other languages ​​in various media and in different chronological periods.

Research activities

The Russian State Library is a scientific center in the field of library science, bibliography and bibliology. RSL scientists are implementing such projects as: “Memory of Russia”, “Identification, recording and protection book monuments Russian Federation”, “Coordinated acquisition of Russian library collections with Russian documents”, “National Fund of Official Documents”.

The development of theoretical and methodological foundations of library science and the preparation of regulatory and methodological documents in the field of librarianship are underway.

In the research department of bibliography, the creation of bibliographic products (indexes, reviews, databases) of a national, scientific-auxiliary, professional-industrial, recommendatory nature is carried out, issues of theory, history, methodology, organization, technology and methods of bibliography are developed.

The Library conducts interdisciplinary research into aspects of the history of book culture. The tasks of the book and reading research department include analytical support for the activities of the RSL as an instrument of state information policy, the development of cultural principles and methods for identifying especially valuable books and other documents, the introduction of relevant recommendations into the practice of the RSL and the development of projects and programs for disclosing the RSL collections.

Research and practical work in the field of conservation and restoration of library documents, conservation of library documents, surveys of storage facilities, consulting and methodological work.

The library has a training center for postgraduate and additional professional education of specialists, carrying out educational activities according to license Federal service on supervision in the field of education and science No. 0010 of May 29, 2012. The center has a postgraduate course that trains personnel in the specialty 05.25.03 - Library science, bibliography and bibliology. There is a Dissertation Council for awarding the academic degree of candidate and doctor of pedagogical sciences in the specialty 05.25.03 - Library science, bibliographic science and bibliology. The dissertation council is allowed to accept dissertations for defense in a given scientific specialty in historical and pedagogical sciences.

Library publications

The library publishes a number of scientific special publications:

• "Library in an era of change", an interdisciplinary digest. Prints materials on philosophical, cultural, information aspects of librarianship, as well as global processes influencing it.
• "Library Science", a scientific and practical journal about librarianship in the space of information culture. Founded in 1952 under the name “Libraries of the USSR. Work experience." Since 1967, the journal was called “Libraries of the USSR”, in 1973 it was transformed into the periodical “Soviet Library Science”, and since 1993 it has had its modern name. The magazine is addressed to library and information workers, librarians, bibliologists, teachers, graduate students, students of universities and colleges of culture and arts, universities, bibliophiles, etc.
• "Librarianship - XXI century", scientific and practical collection, supplement to the journal “Library Science”. Contains mainly applied materials on the work of libraries in Russia and abroad, analytical materials on current issues of library science, and introduces new information resources.
• "Bulletin of the Eurasian Library Assembly", scientific and practical journal of BAE and the Russian State Library. Founded in 1993 under the name “Newsletter of the Eurasian Library Assembly”, since 2000 it has been published under modern name. Prints materials on intercultural and interlibrary relations in the CIS countries, libraries in the multicultural sphere, relations between Eurasianism and world cultures, national libraries, library informatization, library science and practice, etc.
• "Eastern Collection", quarterly popular science illustrated magazine. Published since 1999. It publishes cultural, historical and religious studies articles and essays, archival documents, travel essays, reviews of Internet resources, presents museum collections, book collections and individual publications, including from the funds of the RSL.
• "Book in the space of culture", scientific and practical collection, annual supplement to the journal “Library Science”. Contains materials on the history of book culture, the art of books, libraries, bibliophiles and collectors, book collections, contemporary problems of book publishing, etc.
• "Media library and the world", a joint project Russian State Library, French Embassy in Russia, French Media Library cultural center in Moscow, the journals “Library Science” and “Buetin de Bibliothèque de France”, dedicated to the introduction of new information and communication technologies into the practice of libraries, ensuring access to information for all segments of the population of the two countries, the features of information and communication technologies at the stage of building an information society.
• "News from the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions", a scientific and practical publication dedicated to the activities of IFLA.
• "Observatory of Culture", scientific information and analytical magazine about cultural life in Russia and the world.
• “Protection of cultural heritage: problems and solutions. ICOMOS materials", a scientific and information collection published jointly with the Russian ICOMOS Committee and the UNESCO Chair for the Conservation of Urban and Architectural Monuments.

The international cooperation

The Russian State Library is a member of many international and Russian library associations. The library carries out book exchange relations with 545 partners in 62 countries and annually conducts international conferences, symposiums, meetings on current issues in the development of libraries in the modern world, information activities scientific libraries and information centers.

Since 1956, the Library has been the depositary library of UNESCO publications. Since 1982, it has participated in the International Association of Music Libraries, Archives and Documentation Centers. In 1992, the RSL became one of the co-founders of the Eurasian Library Assembly and became its headquarters. In 1996, an agreement on partnership and cooperation between the RSL and the Russian National Library (RNL) was approved. At the same time, the first meeting of the Cooperation Council took place. Since the same year, the Library has been participating in the Conference of European National Libraries. Since December 1, 1997, the Library has been a member of the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions.

In 2006, by decision of the Council of Heads of Government of the CIS, the Library was given the status of the basic organization of the CIS member states for cooperation in the field of librarianship. September 1, 2009 RSL, RNL and Presidential Library. B. N. Yeltsin signed a Memorandum of Cooperation.

Awards

• Order of Lenin (March 29, 1945) - for outstanding services in collecting and storing book collections and serving books to the broad masses of the population.
• Order of Georgiy Dimitrov (1973).
• In 2008, the staff of the Russian State Library was awarded the “Symbol of Science” medal.
• Gratitude of the President of the Russian Federation (December 28, 2009) - for his great contribution to the restoration and preservation of unique publications national history and culture.

Cultural influence

• In the film “Moscow Doesn’t Believe in Tears” (dir. V.V. Menshov, 1979), the heroine of I. Muravyova, Lyuda Sviridova, visited Leninka in search of a promising groom.
• In the film “Phantom” (dir. Chris Gorak, 2011), a large military group of people who survived an alien attack is based in the Library building.
• The Library as a location appears in the games Metro 2033 and Metro: Last Light (Faction Pack only). According to the plot, this is one of the most dangerous places in the City. The book describes Metro 2033 as the best preserved building in Moscow.

• total length bookshelves The RSL is about 275 km, exceeding the length of all lines of the Moscow Metro.
• The Library's collections are stored in premises the size of 9 football fields.
• A quick, minute look at each of the copies of the RSL storage will take 79 years without sleep or rest.
• Passengers of 4 trains can work simultaneously in the reading rooms and computerized areas of the Library.
• To transport the Library's computer park, 25 trucks will be needed.

The RSL also has an excellent canteen. Some people come here just to drink tea in a warm, comfortable environment. Tea costs 13 rubles, but boiling water is free, some “readers” take advantage of this. By the way, the smell in the dining room makes it difficult to stay there for too long.

One day indicators:



- receipt of new documents - 1.8 thousand copies.

Title="Indicators for one day:
- registration of new users (including new users of EDB virtual reading rooms) - 330 people.
- attendance of reading rooms - 4.2 thousand people.
- number of hits to RSL websites - 8.2 thousand,
- issuance of documents from the RSL funds - 35.3 thousand copies.
- receipt of new documents - 1.8 thousand copies.">!}

The Rare Books Hall is where you can touch the most ancient copies from the RSL collection. “Only the reader of the RSL, who has good reason to do so, can study the materials of the fund (and only a small part of it is on display in the museum - 300 books), leaf through the pages of unique book monuments. The fund contains over 100 publications - absolute rarities, about 30 books - the only ones in the world of specimens. Here are some more examples of museum exhibits that you can work with in this reading room: “Don Quixote” by Cervantas (1616-1617), “Candide or Optimism” by Voltaire (1759), “The Moabit Notebook” (1969), Tatar. by the poet Musa Dzhalid, written by him in the fascist prison of Maobit, “The Archangel Gospel” (1092). Here there are the first copies of the works of Pushkin and Shakespeare, books by the publishers Gutenberg, Fedorov, Badoni, Maurice. From the point of view of the history of Russian books, Novikov, Suvorin will be interesting. , Marx, Sytin. Cyrillic books are widely represented."

Nowadays, the Russian State Library is a symbol of fundamental knowledge. Having visited the magnificent reading rooms and worked with books under the famous green lamps, you realize that pride covers you. You understand that in our country we need to be proud of our libraries and museums, scientists and cultural figures!

May 17, 1784 - the first written mention of the beginning of N.P.’s collecting activities. Rumyantseva. This day can rightfully be considered the Day of the Birth of the Russian State Library, since the official founding date is July 1, 1828. And here are just some amazing facts, striking in their grandeur: the RSL is the second largest in the world (after the Library of Congress in the USA), it contains more than 45 million items (including the rarest handwritten books, specialized collections of notes, maps, sound recordings, dissertations), about 4 thousand readers visit the library every day, and over 1.3 million annually.

The history of the founding and development of the library is quite colorful and interesting. Initially, in 1828, the Rumyantsev Museum was established in St. Petersburg and since 1845 it was part of the Imperial Public Library, but was in a difficult situation - there were constantly not enough funds for maintenance. Then the curator of the museum, V.F. Odoevsky, proposed to transport the book collections to Moscow, where they would be in demand and preserved. And on May 23, 1861, by decree of the Committee of Ministers, the Rumyantsev Museum “moved” and became part of the Moscow Public Museum. It is difficult to imagine what work was done under the leadership of the director of the Imperial Public Library M.A. Korfa.

This library can be called truly popular, since to form the funds of the new “Museum of Sciences and Arts” they invited all Muscovites, turned to the noble, middle-class and merchant societies, and publishing houses for help. Thus, more than 300 book and manuscript collections have been added to the collections of the Moscow Public and Rumyantsev Museums.

On June 19 (July 1), 1862, Emperor Alexander II approved the “Regulations on the Moscow Public Museum and the Rumyantsev Museum,” and later the Charter of the museum-library. Many great scientists devoted their lives to the RSL: philosopher, founder of Russian cosmism, N.F. Fedorov; curator and full member of scientific societies N.G. Kertselli; curator of the fine arts collection K. K. Hertz; Professor of Moscow University in the Department of Comparative Linguistics and Sanskrit Language V. F. Miller; historian, archaeographer D.P. Lebedev and many, many others.

At the end of 1894, the museum received an official patron - Emperor Nicholas II. The imperial family made a huge contribution to the development of manuscript and book collections. In 1913, in connection with the celebration of the 300th anniversary of the House of Romanov and the 50th anniversary of the Moscow Public and Rumyantsev Museums, by the highest decision the library became known as the Imperial Moscow and Rumyantsev Museum.

By the beginning of the 20s of the 20th century, the Russian State Library - a cultural and scientific center of global scale and significance - stood at the head of one of the important branches of science - library science. And in 1924, on the basis of the State Rumyantsev Museum, the Russian Public Library named after V. I. Ulyanov (Lenin) was created.

The years of the Great Patriotic War were difficult for the library; more than 700 thousand items (rare and especially valuable publications, manuscripts) were evacuated. In 1942, despite all the difficulties, a children's reading room was opened. When the war ended, the library was awarded the Order of Lenin for outstanding services, and a large group of library employees were also awarded orders and medals.

The doors of the library have always been open to people of art. In the 20-30s of the 20th century, the Central Literary Museum was created; in 1925, it included the A.P. Museum. Chekhov in Moscow, Museum of F.M. Dostoevsky, Museum of F.I. Tyutchev “Muranovo”, M. Gorky Museum, Office of L.N. Tolstoy. The Book Museum is being created. Exhibitions dedicated to writers (I.S. Turgenev, A.I. Herzen, N.A. Nekrasov, A.S. Pushkin, M. Gorky, V.V. Mayakovsky, Dante, etc.) are organized here. The library takes an active part in the publication of complete scientifically prepared collected works of L.N. Tolstoy, A.S. Pushkina, N.A. Nekrasov, whose archives were kept in the Lenin Library. Even earlier, the library was visited by V.V. Mayakovsky, M. Gorky and many other writers.

In 1992, by decree of the President of the Russian Federation, the GBL was transformed into the Russian State Library. However, the slab with the old name is still located above the central entrance to the library.

RSL employees continue the traditions of library science, increasing book collections and improving their work. In the age of modern technology, there are terminals for ordering books in the lobby of the main building; a large number of printed publications are digitized and available in electronic form. Orders are sent through the 19-story warehouse using pneumatic mail, then the books are transported along mini-rails by trolleys with special containers. Now in the RSL you can not only find almost any book, but also come on a tour and see everything with your own eyes “from the inside.” The guides will show you rare books, take you through book depositories, and tell you about ghosts. Yes Yes! Lives here good spirit– Nikolai Rubakin, bibliologist and writer, who bequeathed his personal library to the RSL - over 75 thousand volumes. The ghost can be heard (footsteps and rustling sounds) on the 15th floor of the warehouse only at night. However, as old-time librarians say, if you cannot find the book you need in the reading room (where Rubakin’s library is located), quietly ask the owner for help - he will not keep you waiting long.

The architectural ensemble, which combines several modern and historical buildings, deserves special attention. Now the main library complex of the RSL is the main building on the street. Vozdvizhenka, Pashkov House, the center of oriental literature on Mokhovaya Street, the dissertation fund in Khimki and the reading room in the Jewish Museum.

The Pashkov House at 26 Mokhovaya Street, which is the oldest collection of the Russian State Library and one of the most famous classicist buildings in Moscow, is of greatest historical value. Presumably the house was designed by the architect Vasily Bazhenov and built in 1784-1786 by order of the son of Peter I’s orderly, Pyotr Yegorovich Pashkov. In 1839, the house was purchased from Pashkov’s heirs by the treasury for Moscow University, and in 1861 the building was transferred to the Rumyantsev Museum for storing books. Now in the right wing of the Pashkov House there is a department of manuscripts, in the left there is a music department and a department of cartographic publications, which opened for readers in April 2009.

The RSL contacted me and offered to do a report about our main library, naturally, I happily agreed.

Within the walls of the Russian State Library there is a unique collection of domestic and foreign documents in 367 languages. There are specialized collections of maps, sheet music, sound recordings, rare books, dissertations, newspapers and other types of publications. The library provides the right to use its reading rooms to all citizens of Russia and other countries who have reached the age of 18. About 200 new readers sign up here every day. Almost 4 thousand people come to the RSL every day, and virtual reading rooms located in 80 cities of Russia and neighboring countries serve more than 8 thousand visitors daily.

Today is the first part of a long story about the Russian State Library. In it you will learn how to borrow a book from the library, look at the vaults and the secret underground passage to the Kremlin.

01. First you need to come to the metro station. "Library named after. Lenin". They still won't rename it. Previously, the RSL (Russian State Library) was also called the “Library named after. Lenin". To get into the library you need to have a library card; you can get one at the second entrance. In your hand: passport, student ID (if a student) and 100 rubles for a photo. Fill out the form and press the “electronic queue” button. A ticket comes out. Take it in your hands - it is yours. Numbers light up on the scoreboard above special small rooms. Wait for yours and come in. There, a specially trained woman will take your application form and take a photograph. You need to immediately decide on the reading room where books will be issued to you. It’s not very clear how to do this without seeing the halls. In 5 minutes the plastic card will be ready. It takes no more than 10 minutes to obtain a library card.

02. Login. The RSL is guarded by a special police regiment. Turnstiles are one of the latest innovations in the library, which, however, was received ambiguously by readers. Access is via a barcode on your library card. You are not allowed to carry books, cameras or large bags; they must be stored in a storage room.

03.

04. If you already have a list of references - that is, you know exactly what books you need, feel free to go to the card catalog room.

05.

06. Leninka’s funds contain more than 43 million storage units. There are specialized collections of maps, sheet music, sound recordings, rare books, dissertations, newspapers and other types of publications.

07.

08. There are always consultants in the room who will help you navigate the huge amount of information.

09.

10.

11. After you have found the book you need in the catalogue, you need to obtain a requirement sheet from the consultant.

12. And copy all the information about the book into it.

13. For advanced readers, stands with the RSL electronic catalog have been installed. I honestly tried to take something from Pushkin...

14. I guess I was too worried because I received a book about potatoes. By the way, since at present the process of transferring the paper catalog to electronic form has not yet been completed, not all books are there, so many people are looking in the old-fashioned way in the card index.

16. Once every 15 minutes, a pneumatic mail operator comes to collect demand sheets.

17. The operator is hiding from prying eyes behind this cabinet.

18. And here is the pneumatic mail point itself. The system was installed in the library back in the 70s.

19. The sheet is folded, placed in a “cartridge” and sent to the storage tier where the book you ordered is located. This is why we need codes on the cards.

21. By the way, a requirement sheet is not always placed in the cartridge. You can use it to send cigarettes, a pen or a love note. Before the New Year, employees like to send candy.

22. This is what the diagram of the receiving and sending station looks like.

23. The pneumatic mail channels descend into the basements of the library. This, by the way, is a secret passage to the Kremlin, but they asked not to write about it.

24. This is a pneumatic mail repairman. Sometimes careless employees try to pass prohibited items (for example, pens), the cartridge may open and then, in order to find and remove the pen, the pipes have to be opened. Often the caps simply fall off the cartridges, and getting them out is also problematic.

25. This miracle machine was installed in the early 90s. They say she can beat Kasparov at chess, but now she simply manages the entire network of pneumatic mail in the RSL.

26.

27. So, while your request is being processed, which is about 2 hours, you can go have fun.

28.

29. For example, you can read periodicals - the RSL has all the magazines that are sold in print kiosks - including those for the current month. This can be done in the reading room of periodicals.

30. Every minute the doors of the Library are opened by five visitors.

31. According to the Law on Legal Deposit of Documents, the Russian State Library is the place of storage of the legal deposit of all printed materials published in Russia.

32. There is also an excellent canteen in the RSL. Some people come here just to drink tea in a warm, comfortable environment. Tea costs 13 rubles, but boiling water is free, some “readers” take advantage of this. By the way, the smell in the dining room makes it difficult to stay there for too long.

33. While you are drinking tea and absorbing the aromas of home cooking, your request is being processed at the book depository.

34. The total length of the RSL bookshelves is about 275 kilometers.

35. The ceilings are very low, once there was a case when a worker received a concussion, she was taken to the hospital.

36. There is a story in the RSL that the ghost of Nikolai Rubakin lives in storage. At night, when the floors are locked and sealed with wax seals, the night guards hear someone walking, footsteps are clearly audible, doors open and close. Perhaps the fact is that in his will Rubakin indicated that he bequeathed his entire personal collection (which is 75,000 books) to the Lenin Library. After his death they did so. Only along with the books they brought an urn with his ashes and for some time it was kept here. Well, what is a personal collection? It’s a part of the soul, pencil marks in the margins, dog-eared pages and a lot of thoughts. Rubakin was buried in Moscow, but his ghost continues to wander the floors... perhaps turning pages, rearranging books...

37. Rubakin - the creator of bibliopsychology - the science of text perception. Author of the book “Psychology of the Reader and the Book.” He developed the ideas of Emil Hennequin, the author of “Estoppsychology”. His ideas are widely used in psycholinguistics.

38. The “note” is received by storage workers, they take your book and send it to the reading room using conveyors. There are two conveyors at the RSL: the vertical one was designed by Sukhanov in the 70s.

39. Large chain conveyor, put into operation back in 1953.

40. “This is Metrostroy, there are the same gears as on escalators in the subway.” Nevertheless, it is high time to replace the mechanism with much more modern analogue. But, as explained CEO RSL, in order to implement a new technical system, the conveyor must be stopped, and this threatens that the activities of the entire Library will actually be paralyzed. Only with the commissioning of a new building will it be possible to replace the conveyor.

41. There is also a small version of the chain conveyor. To store 41,315,500 copies, premises with an area equal to 9 football fields are used, and for each library worker there are 29,830 storage copies.

42. In 1987, the fund of the special storage department consisted of about 27,000 domestic books, 250,000 foreign books, 572,000 issues of foreign magazines, about 8,500 annual sets of foreign newspapers. These books and magazines could not be obtained by the common reader.

43. Books from the storage room are waiting for readers.

44. You can’t take books home. For reading, the RSL has 37 reading rooms with 2,238 seats, of which 437 are computerized.

45.

46. ​​Reading room No. 3 is the largest, this is a kind of visiting card of the RSL, you can come to it with your laptop, there are dictionaries on the side shelves, for example, Ancient Greek-Russian.

47. You can make a copy of a book, it costs 6 rubles per page, but you cannot take photographs. Nobody really explained to me the reason for the ban on photography; there was something incomprehensible about copyright, then about the fact that books are deteriorating. It seems to me that a photocopier spoils books more than a camera, and if you allow people to photograph illustrations, for example, they will be cut out less and pages will be torn out.

48. One day indicators:
- registration of new users (including new users of EDB virtual reading rooms) - 330 people.
- attendance of reading rooms - 4.2 thousand people.
- number of hits to RSL websites - 8.2 thousand,
- issuance of documents from the RSL funds - 35.3 thousand copies.
- receipt of new documents - 1.8 thousand copies.

49. At the beginning of 2010, the RSL employed 2,140 people, of which 1,228 were library workers.

50. Women make up about 83% of the total number of RSL employees. Average age Library workers - 48.6 years. The average size wages- 13,824 rub.

51. Reading room of the electronic library.

52. Here you can use remote resources and databases to which the RSL is connected - for example, the Cambridge library, and the databases of the Springer publishing house - an electronic library of foreign scientific and business journals, the EAST-VIEW database. The subject of the search is publications on social sciences and humanities. There is also access to the RSL Electronic Library and an archive of dissertations.

53. Reading room Internet and electronic documents. Here you can surf the Internet for 32 rubles per hour. There was also some kind of disgusting photo exhibition taking place here. Incomprehensible photographs hung from the ceiling so that they could not be seen from behind plastic sheets.

54. Hall of official documents, here you can read files of old newspapers, codes of laws and all kinds of codes. Young people are interested in the extensive collection of UN documents (since 1946) and collections of acts, resolutions, and decisions of the international court on human rights. GOST standards for “any occasion” are also presented here - there is even one for the “cleaver axe”. Free legal consultations are organized for anyone in the FN reading room.

55.

57.

58. An old sports magazine, a lot of illustrations have been cut out. If we take, for example, the Ogonyok magazine from 1958, we will see Beria’s face painted over with ink. This is the work of the censors of the 1st department.

But in addition to political censorship, there was also “popular censorship” - readers observed morality. And the RSL is one of the few libraries during the Iron Curtain that received all the issues of foreign magazines. There was nothing like that there, of course, but diligent citizens lengthened their skirts and even glued the pages together so that no one would see examples of bourgeois life. Another distinctive feature of readers of those years was that they cut out advertisements from magazines.

59. Hall of Rare Books - this is where you can touch the most ancient copies from the RSL collection. “Only the reader of the RSL, who has good reason to do so, can study the materials of the fund (and only a small part of it is on display in the museum - 300 books), leaf through the pages of unique book monuments. The fund contains over 100 publications - absolute rarities, about 30 books - the only ones in the world of specimens. Here are some more examples of museum exhibits that you can work with in this reading room: “Don Quixote” by Cervantas (1616-1617), “Candide or Optimism” by Voltaire (1759), “The Moabit Notebook” (1969), Tatar. by the poet Musa Dzhalid, written by him in the fascist prison of Maobit, “The Archangel Gospel” (1092). Here there are the first copies of the works of Pushkin and Shakespeare, books by the publishers Gutenberg, Fedorov, Badoni, Maurice. From the point of view of the history of Russian books, Novikov, Suvorin will be interesting. , Marx, Sytin. Cyrillic books are widely represented."

60. Microfilms were made for some of the books. And, if the presence of the original source is not of paramount importance for the work (paper, ink, etc. are not important, but the content is valuable), microfilm will be issued in the reading room. The original is out of the question.

62. As it turned out, many readers steal books, and quite often. Particularly inventive ones cut out a valuable book from the cover, and insert another one of similar size into it. Often they simply tear out pages or cut out illustrations. And although it is easy to identify a thief or vandal, it is almost impossible to bring him to justice; for this you need at least 2 witnesses who saw how the book was damaged.

64. Cards and documents are sometimes forgotten in books. Once in the 80s, a forgotten chervonets was found.

65. Pink Corridor" - one of the exhibition areas of the RSL.

66. Remains from old telephone booths.

67. Meeting room of the RSL - here the fate of the library is decided - the directorate meets weekly, the course of development is determined, decisions are made.

68. The RSL is the fourth library in the world in terms of collection size; the British Library is in first place - 150 million items versus our 42.

69. The windows of some reading rooms offer stunning views of the Kremlin.

70.

71.

72. Book depositories also open from the top floors good views Unfortunately, while I was going there, the weather turned bad.


Click on the photo to view in large size.

73. Families work in libraries, for example Olga Viktorovna Serezhina, she has been working for 41 years, her mother worked here for 40 years.

74. On the left is Natalya, her daughter, who has been working here for 7 years)

75. And this is a policeman, he was extremely indignant that I took his photograph, and threatened to tear his head off. He urgently needs to be sent to the hall of official and regulatory documents so that he can read the laws. Otherwise that's all free time he spends it chatting on the phone with his wife.

76. Soon there will be a separate story about how books are scanned, restored and repaired.

77.

The library has two main websites - www.rsl.ru - there you can read about all the services and news - who came where, what exhibitions are taking place. And www.leninka.ru - here is the history of the RSL from the moment of its establishment

All photographs presented in this report belong tophoto agency "28-300" , for questions regarding the use of photographs, as well as conducting photo sessions, please email [email protected].

Russian Library named after Lenin is the national book depository of the Russian Federation. Among other things, it is the country's leading research institution, methodological and advisory center. The Lenin Library is located in Moscow. What is the history of this institution? Who stood at its origins? How long is the Moscow Lenin Library? This and much more is discussed further in the article.

National Book Depository from 1924 to the present day

The Lenin State Library (whose opening hours will be given below) was formed on the basis of the Rumyantsev Museum. Since 1932, the book depository has been included in the list of research centers of republican significance. In the first days of the 2nd World War, the most valuable funds were evacuated from the institution. About 700 thousand rare manuscripts kept by the Lenin Library were packed and exported. Nizhny Novgorod became a place for the evacuation of valuable meetings. It must be said that Gorky is also home to a fairly large book depository - the main one in the region.

Chronology

Between July 1941 and March 1942, the Lenin Library sent various letters, mostly more than 500, with exchange offers. Consent was received from a number of states. By 1942, the book depository had established book exchange relationships with 16 countries and 189 organizations. Of greatest interest were relations with the USA and England.

By May of the same year, the management of the institution began “certification”, which was completed even before the end of hostilities. As a result, the file cabinets and catalogs were taken into account and brought into proper form. The first reading room of the book depository was opened in 1942, on May 24. The following year, 1943, the department of youth and children's literature was formed. By 1944, the Lenin Library returned valuable funds evacuated at the beginning of the war. In the same year, the Board and Book of Honor were created.

In February 1944, a restoration and hygiene department was established in the book depository. A research laboratory was formed under him. In the same year, issues regarding the transfer of doctoral and master's theses to the book depository were resolved. The active formation of the fund was carried out mainly through the acquisition of antique world and domestic literature. In 1945, on May 29, the book depository was awarded for outstanding contribution in storing and collecting publications and serving a wide mass of readers. At the same time, a large number of employees of the institution received medals and orders.

Development of the book depository in the post-war years

By 1946, the question arose about the formation of a consolidated catalog of Russian publications. On April 18 of the same year, the Lenin State Library became the venue for a reading conference. By the next year, 1947, a regulation was approved that established regulations for the compilation of a consolidated catalog of Russian editions of large book depositories of the Soviet Union.

To carry out this activity, a methodological council was created on the basis of the book depository. It included representatives of various public libraries(named after Saltykov-Shchedrin, book depository of the Academy of Sciences and others). As a result of all the activities, the preparation of a database for a catalog of Russian publications of the 19th century began. Also in 1947, an electric train was launched to deliver requirements to the book storage from the reading rooms and a fifty-meter conveyor for transporting publications.

Structural transformations of the institution

At the end of 1952, the Book Depository Charter was approved. In April 1953, in connection with the dissolution of the Committee dealing with the affairs of cultural and educational institutions and the formation of the Ministry of Culture in the RSFSR, the Lenin Library was transferred to the newly formed department of government administration. By 1955, the cartography sector began producing and distributing printed card on incoming atlases and maps in legal deposit. At the same time, the international subscription was renewed.

From 1957 to 1958, several reading rooms were opened. In accordance with the Order issued by the Ministry of Culture, an editorial board was established in 1959, whose activities included the publication of library and bibliographic classification tables. During 1959-60, the auxiliary funds belonging to the scientific halls were transferred to open access. Thus, by the mid-60s, the book depository had more than 20 reading rooms with more than 2,300 seats.

Achievements

In 1973, the Lenin Library received the highest award in Bulgaria - the Order of Dmitrov. At the beginning of 1975, a celebration took place to celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of the transformation of the Rumyantsev public book depository into a national one. At the beginning of 1992, the library received Russian status. The following year, 1993, the art publishing department was one of the founders of MABIS (Moscow Association of Art Book Depositories). In 1995, the State Library began the “Memory of Russia” project. TO next year a project to modernize the institution was approved. In 2001, the updated Charter of the book depository was approved. At the same time, new information media were introduced, which significantly changed the technological processes within the library structure.

Book depository funds

The first collection of the library was the Rumyantsev collection. It included more than 28 thousand publications, 1000 maps, 700 manuscripts. One of the first Regulations regulating the work of the book depository stated that the institution should receive all literature that has been and will be published in the Russian Empire. So, in 1862, legal deposit began to arrive.

Subsequently, donations and gifts became the most important source of replenishment of funds. At the beginning of 1917, the library stored about 1 million 200 thousand publications. As of January 1, 2013, the volume of the fund is already 44 million 800 thousand copies. This includes serial and periodicals, books, manuscripts, newspaper archives, art publications (including reproductions), early printed samples, as well as documentation on non-traditional information media. The Russian Lenin Library has a universal collection of foreign and domestic documents in more than 360 languages ​​of the world in terms of typological and specific content.

Research activities

The Lenin Library (a photo of the book depository is presented in the article) is the country's leading center in the field of book, library and bibliographic studies. Scientists working at the institution are engaged in the design, implementation and development of various projects. Among them are the “National Fund of Official Documents”, “Recording, Identification and Protection of Book Monuments of the Russian Federation”, “Memory of Russia” and others.

In addition, the development of theoretical and methodological foundations of librarianship and the preparation of methodological and regulatory documentation in the field of library science are constantly underway. The research department is engaged in the creation of databases, indexes, reviews of professional-industrial, scientific-auxiliary, national, advisory nature. Questions on the theory, technology, organization and methodology of bibliography are also discussed here. Interdisciplinary research is regularly conducted in the library historical aspects book culture.

Measures to expand the activities of the book depository

The tasks of the research department of reading and books include analytical support for the functioning of the library as an instrument of information policy of national importance. In addition, the department is developing cultural methods and principles for identifying the most valuable copies of documents and books, introducing recommendations into practical activities institutions, development of programs and projects to disclose library collections. At the same time, work is being carried out on the research and practical introduction of methods for restoration and conservation of library documentation, examination of storage facilities, methodological and consulting activities.

Modern Lenin Library

The official website of the institution contains information about the history of the origin and development of the book depository. Here you can also get acquainted with catalogues, services, events and projects. The institution is open from Monday to Friday from 9 am to 8 pm, on Saturday from 9 am to 7 pm. Closed on Sunday.

The library today operates a training center for additional and postgraduate vocational education specialists. Activities are carried out on the basis of a license from the Federal Service for Supervision in the Field of Science and Education. The center operates a postgraduate school that trains personnel in the specialties of book science, bibliography and library science. The Dissertation Council operates in the same areas, whose competence includes awarding the academic degrees of Doctor and Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences. This department is allowed to accept works of specialization in educational and historical sciences for defense.

Recording Rules

All citizens - both the Russian Federation and foreign countries - can use the reading rooms (of which there are 36 in the book depository today) upon reaching the age of eighteen. The registration is made in an automated mode, which provides for the issuance of a plastic ticket to readers, which contains a personal photograph of the citizen. To obtain a library card, you must present a passport with registration (or for students - an academic record book or student card, for those who have graduated from a university - a document on education.

Remote and online registration

The library operates a remote recording system. In this case, an electronic library card is created. Foreign citizens will need an identification document translated into Russian to register. For registration electronic ticket The person will have to send the entire package of necessary papers by mail. In addition, online registration is available. It is available to registered readers on the site. Online registration is carried out from your Personal Account.