Aivazovsky autobiography. Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky (brief biography)

Ivan Constantinovich Aivazovski. Years of life: 1817-1900.

Biography facts. Childhood

The inspired poet of the sea, the “singer of the wave,” Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky was born on July 17, 1817 in Feodosia. His childhood was not easy. At the age of ten, he began working as a “boy” in a coffee shop. His first drawing teacher was a city architect, who once found him drawing a squadron of ships on the wall of the house of a respectable city woman. With the help of wealthy patrons, Aivazovsky entered the Simferopol gymnasium, and in 1833 the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts.

Study and first creativity

A new one has begun life. Admitted to the academy at government expense, the talented young man immediately attracted attention. In 1835, he presented the painting “Study of Air over the Sea” at an academic exhibition, which attracted numerous spectators.

Fate brought the young artist together with outstanding contemporaries - artist K. P. Bryullov, composer M. I. Glinka, fabulist I. A. Krylov. At the academic exhibition of 1836, Aivazovsky met with Pushkin. The image of the great poet was imprinted in the artist’s soul for life. The painting “Seashore at Night” is Aivazovsky’s first tribute to the memory of the poet.

The Academy of Arts sends him to Crimea to create paintings depicting Crimean coastal cities. And Aivazovsky returns to the sea. He paints views of Yalta, Feodosia, Sevastopol, Kerch. During a trip to Crimea, he becomes close to the commanders of the Black Sea Fleet - Lazarev, Kornilov, Nakhimov.

Artist's glory

In the spring of 1840, the Academy of Arts sent the gifted young man to Italy to improve his painting skills. Here, in Italy, fame comes to Aivazovsky. At the art exhibition in Rome there were his paintings: “Neapolitan Night”, “Storm”, “Chaos” (“Creation of the World”). ABOUT talented artist the newspapers spoke. Poems were dedicated to him.

In 1843, Aivazovsky traveled around Europe with an exhibition of his paintings. Marine painting was not very widespread in the middle of the 19th century, and this alone attracted general attention to the works of Aivazovsky. At the suggestion of the French government, the artist presented three paintings “Sea in Calm Weather”, “Night on the Shore of the Gulf of Naples” and “Storm off the Coast of Abkhazia” for an exhibition at the Louvre.

One critic, in his laudatory review of Aivazovsky’s paintings, wrote that, according to rumors, the artist was going to stay in Paris forever and take French citizenship. This message offended Aivazovsky so much that he requested permission from the Academy of Arts for two years. ahead of schedule return to your homeland.

And here he is again in Russia. The Council of the Academy of Arts awarded Aivazovsky the title of academician. For outstanding achievements in the field sea ​​painting the artist was assigned to the Main Naval Staff. He was awarded the title of first painter and the right to wear a naval uniform. We were instructed to write views of Russian first-class ports and seaside cities: St. Petersburg, Kronstadt, Peterhof, Gangut, Revel. The artist devoted himself completely to this work and completed this order in a short time.

Belinsky about the artist’s work

Aivazovsky painted many other paintings at this time. St. Petersburg aristocrats, in pursuit of fashion, overwhelmed Aivazovsky with countless orders. The artist was vied with each other in being invited to high-society salons. In the house of Prince Odoevsky, Aivazovsky met Belinsky. This meeting helped the artist a lot. Belinsky said that Aivazovsky’s paintings, perfect in form, are full of such serenity that they lull the viewer to a sense of social duty. Aivazovsky locked himself in his workshop. He forgot about everything - about orders from noble nobles, about secular salons. And soon he brought Belinsky his new painting.

The artist depicted people fleeing after a shipwreck. The menacing sea does not subside and is ready to swallow these courageous people at any moment. But the will to live will win, the elements will retreat before the fearlessness of man.

Belinsky was delighted with the picture.

Return to Feodosia

In the early spring of 1845, Aivazovsky, on the advice of Belinsky, left for his native Feodosia, to the sea, without which his work was unthinkable.

Almost every year Aivazovsky came to St. Petersburg with an exhibition of his paintings. Every trip brought new success to the artist. In 1850, Aivazovsky painted his most significant painting, The Ninth Wave.

Until the end of his life he lived in Feodosia. The artist invested a lot of energy in the economic development and improvement of the city. Aivazovsky dreamed that a school for aspiring artists would be created in his city. He even developed a project for such a school and approached the king, but did not receive support. Then he decided to build with his own money art gallery, where young artists will come, to whom he will pass on his skills and experience.

The gallery was built. Her fame spread throughout Russia. Fans from all over the country came to Feodosia to see his new paintings: “Rainbow”, “Sunny Day”, “Black Measure”, “Among the Waves”.

last years of life

IN last years In his life, Aivazovsky, together with Repin, painted the painting “Pushkin on the Black Sea Shore”. Already a very old man, he creates the painting “Among the Waves.” The artist spent ten days painting this picture. It was so large that it did not fit in the workshop.

Before last day the artist never parted with his brush. Death came unexpectedly. On May 2, 1900, in the morning Aivazovsky was still working, but at night the heart of the great artist of the sea stopped beating.

T. Yakovleva, briefly about the biography, life and work of the great artist Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky

Ivan Constantinovich Aivazovski(Armenian Հովհաննես Կոնստանդինեսի Այվազյան - Hovhannes Ayvazyan; July 17, 1817 - April 19 [May 2], 1900) - world-famous Russian marine painter, battle painter, collector, philanthropist.

The most outstanding Armenian artist of the 19th century. Brother of the Armenian historian and priest Gabriel Aivazovsky.

Origin of the Aivazovsky family

Hovhannes (Ivan) Konstantinovich Aivazovsky was born into the family of merchant Konstantin (Gevorg) and Hripsime Aivazovsky. July 17 (29), 1817 priest Armenian Church city ​​of Feodosia recorded that Konstantin (Gevorg) Aivazovsky and his wife Hripsime gave birth to " Hovhannes, son of Gevorg Ayvazyan". Aivazovsky’s ancestors were from Galician Armenians who moved to Galicia from Turkish Armenia in the 18th century. . It is known that his relatives owned large land properties in the Lviv region, but no documents have survived that more accurately describe Aivazovsky's origins. His father Konstantin (Gevorg) and after moving to Feodosia wrote his surname in the Polish manner: “Gayvazovsky” (the surname is a Polonized form of the Armenian surname Ayvazyan). Aivazovsky himself in his autobiography says about his father that, due to a quarrel with his brothers in his youth, he moved from Galicia to the Danube principalities (Moldova, Wallachia), where he took up trade, and from there to Feodosia; knew several languages.

Most sources attribute Aivazovsky only Armenian origin. Lifetime publications dedicated to Aivazovsky convey from his words a family legend that among his ancestors there were Turks. According to these publications, the artist’s late father told him that the artist’s great-grandfather (according to Bludova - according to female line) was the son of a Turkish military leader and, as a child, during the capture of Azov by Russian troops (city) he was saved from death by a certain Armenian who baptized him and adopted him (option - a soldier). After the artist’s death (in 1901), his biographer N.N. Kuzmin told the same story in his book, but about the artist’s father, citing an unnamed document in Aivazovsky’s archive

Biography

Childhood and studies

Brig "Mercury" after victory over two Turkish ships, 1848

The artist’s father, Konstantin Grigorievich Aivazovsky (1771-1841), after moving to Feodosia, married a local Armenian woman, Hripsima (1784-1860), and from this marriage three daughters and two sons were born - Hovhannes (Ivan) and Sargis (later, in monasticism - Gabriel). Initially, Aivazovsky's trading affairs were successful, but during the plague epidemic of 1812 he went bankrupt.

Ivan Aivazovsky discovered artistic and musical abilities from childhood; in particular, he taught himself to play the violin. Feodosia architect - Kokh Yakov Khristianovich, who was the first to draw attention to artistic ability boy, gave him his first lessons in craftsmanship. Yakov Khristianovich also helped young Aivazovsky in every possible way, periodically giving him pencils, paper, and paints. He also recommended that the mayor of Feodosia pay attention to the young talent. After graduating from the Feodosia district school, he was, with the help of the mayor, who at that time was already an admirer of the talent of the future artist, enrolled in the Simferopol gymnasium. Then he was admitted on public account to the Imperial Academy of Arts of St. Petersburg. It is also known that the first drawing teacher of young Ivan Aivazovsky was the German colonist artist Johann Ludwig Gross, with whose light hand young Ivan Konstantinovich received recommendations to the Academy of Arts. Aivazovsky arrived in St. Petersburg on August 28, 1833. In 1835, for the landscapes “View of the seaside in the vicinity of St. Petersburg” and “Study of air over the sea” he received a silver medal and was assigned as an assistant to the fashionable French landscape painter Philippe Tanner. Studying with Tanner, Aivazovsky, despite the latter’s ban on working independently, continued to paint landscapes and exhibited five paintings at the autumn exhibition of the Academy of Arts in 1836. Aivazovsky's works received favorable reviews from critics. Tanner complained about Aivazovsky to Nicholas I, and by order of the Tsar, all of Aivazovsky's paintings were removed from the exhibition. The artist was forgiven only six months later and assigned to the battle painting class of Professor Alexander Ivanovich Sauerweid to study naval military painting. Having studied in Sauerweid's class for only a few months, in September 1837 Aivazovsky received a Grand Gold Medal for the painting "Calm". This gave him the right to a two-year trip to Crimea and Europe.

Crimea and Europe (1838-1844)

Lunar landscape with a shipwreck, 1863

In the spring of 1838, the artist went to Crimea, where he spent two summers. He not only painted seascapes, but also engaged in battle painting and even took part in military operations on the coast of Circassia, where, watching from the shore the landing in the Shahe River valley, he made sketches for the painting “Detachment Landing in the Subashi Valley” (as the Circassians then called this place), written later at the invitation of the head of the Caucasian coastal line, General Raevsky. The painting was acquired by Nicholas I. At the end of the summer of 1839, he returned to St. Petersburg, where on September 23 he received a certificate of completion from the Academy, his first rank and personal nobility.

The St. Petersburg Imperial Academy of Arts, by virtue of its charter, the power given to it by the monarch, its pupil Ivan Gaivazovsky, who studied in one since 1833 in painting marine species, completed the course of his studies, for his good progress and his good character, honest and commendable behavior, especially recognized in him, elevating him to the title of artist, equalized by the most merciful privilege given by the Academy with the 14th class and rewarding him with a sword, deigns with his descendants in eternal generations to enjoy the rights and advantages, that highest privilege assigned to him . This certificate was given in St. Petersburg, signed by the President of the Academy and with its great seal attached.”

At the same time, he became close to the circle of Karl Bryullov and Mikhail Glinka.

The ship "Empress Maria" during a storm, 1892

In July 1840, Aivazovsky and his friend in the Academy’s landscape class, Vasily Sternberg, went to Rome. Along the way they stopped in Venice and Florence. In Venice, Ivan Konstantinovich met Gogol, and also visited the island of St. Lazarus, where he met his brother Gabriel. The artist worked for a long time in southern Italy, in particular in Sorrento, and developed a working style in which he worked outdoors only for short periods of time, and in the studio he restored the landscape, leaving wide scope for improvisation. The painting "Chaos" was purchased by Pope Gregory XVI, who also awarded Aivazovsky a gold medal. In general, Aivazovsky’s work in Italy was a success, both critically (in particular, William Turner spoke highly of his work) and commercially. For his paintings he received a gold medal from the Paris Academy of Arts.

At the beginning of 1842, Aivazovsky went to Holland through Switzerland and the Rhine Valley, from there he sailed to England, and later visited Paris, Portugal and Spain. In the Bay of Biscay, the ship on which the artist was sailing was caught in a storm and almost sank, so that reports of his death appeared in Parisian newspapers. The journey as a whole lasted four years. In the autumn of 1844 he returned to Russia.

Further career

Coffee house near the Ortakoy Mosque in Constantinople, 1846

Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky painted mainly seascapes; created a series of portraits of Crimean coastal cities. His career was very successful. He was awarded many orders and received the rank of rear admiral. In total, the artist painted more than 6 thousand works.

Using his own funds, he built a new building for the Feodosia Museum of Antiquities with a memorial to P. S. Kotlyarevsky; for services to archeology he was elected a full member of the Odessa Society of History and Antiquities.

On April 12, 1895, I. K. Aivazovsky, returning from Nakhichevan-on-Don, where he met with Mkrtich (Khrimyan) (1820-1907), the Supreme Patriarch and Catholicos of all Armenians, stopped by his old friend Ya. M. Serebryakov in Taganrog. This was Aivazovsky's second visit to Taganrog - the first was in 1835, when he visited the Palace of Alexander I.

For the Palestine Society, which was led by Ippolit Ilyich Tchaikovsky (the composer’s brother), Aivazovsky donated his painting “Walking on the Waters,” which was placed in the chapel.

Last days of life

Grave of I.K. Aivazovsky.

Just before his death, Aivazovsky painted a painting called “The Bay of the Sea,” and on the last day of his life he began painting “The Explosion of a Turkish Ship,” which remained unfinished.

This is how the last day is described on the website of the Feodosia Art Gallery named after. I.K. Aivazovsky:

On the morning of April 19 (May 2), 1900, the artist habitually settled down at his easel in his Feodosia studio. A blank canvas was stretched on a small stretcher. Aivazovsky decided to fulfill his long-standing desire - to once again show one of the episodes of the liberation struggle of the Greek rebels with the Turks. For the plot, the painter chose a real fact - the heroic feat of the fearless Greek Constantine Canaris, who blew up a Turkish admiral's ship off the island of Chios. During the day the artist almost finished his work. Deep at night, during sleep, sudden death Aivazovsky's life was cut short. The unfinished painting “The Explosion of the Ship” remained on the easel in the studio of the artist, whose house in Feodosia was turned into a museum. Many of his contemporaries gave high praise to the artist’s work, and the artist I.N. Kramskoy wrote: “...Aivazovsky, no matter what anyone says, is a star of the first magnitude, in any case, and not only here, but in the history of art in general...”

Aivazovsky was buried in Feodosia, in the fence of the medieval Armenian Church of Surb Sarkis (St. Sarkis). In 1903, the artist’s widow installed a marble tombstone in the shape of a sarcophagus from a single block of white marble, designed by the Italian sculptor L. Biogioli. The words of the Armenian historian Movses Khorenatsi are written in ancient Armenian: “Born mortal, he left behind an immortal memory.”

Family

Self-portrait

Anna Sarkisova. I.K. Aivazovsky, 1882.

In 1848, Ivan Konstantinovich got married. Aivazovsky's first wife, Yulia Yakovlevna Grevs, was an Englishwoman, the daughter of a staff doctor who was in Russian service. They had four daughters: Elena, Maria, Alexandra and Zhanna. Due to Aivazovsky’s reluctance to live in the capital, Yulia Yakovlevna left her husband 12 years later. However, the marriage was dissolved only in 1877.

Children

1. Elena + Peolopid Latry
   1. Latri, Mikhail Pelopidovich, artist
   2. Alexander Latry(with the blessing of Nicholas II, the only grandson received permission to bear the painter’s surname).
   3. Sophia Latry + (1) Novoselsky+ (2) prince Iveriko Mikeladze
      1. Olga Novoselskaya + Stefan Asford Sanford. Son: Henry Sanford
      2. Gayane Mikeladze
2. Maria(Mariam) + Wilhelm Lvovich Hansen
   1. Ganzen, Alexey Vasilievich, marine painter. + Olympics
3. Alexandra+ Mikhail Lampsi . The family lived in Feodosia and occupied the right side of Aivazovsky’s house.
   1. Nikolai Lampsey + Lydia Soloms. From 1907 to 1909 - director of the Art Gallery in Feodosia. Children: Mikhail, Irina, Tatyana
   2. Ivan Lampsey
4. Zhanna + K. N. Artseulov
   1. Artseulov, Nikolai Konstantinovich, shipbuilder and marine painter
   2. Artseulov, Konstantin Konstantinovich, Russian pilot and illustrator

Second wife - Anna Nikitichna Sarkisova. Aivazovsky saw Anna Nikitichna at the funeral of her husband, a famous Feodosia merchant, in 1882. The beauty of the young widow struck Ivan Konstantinovich. A year later they got married. The gallery contains a portrait of Anna Nikitichna painted by Aivazovsky.

According to some reports, Aivazovsky had an illegitimate daughter.

A brother, possibly Grigory Konstantinovich Aivazovsky, is a collegiate assessor (since 1853), captain of the Feodosia quarantine port (for 1858, salary, canteens and apartments - 798 rubles).

Gallery

Aivazovsky's house, later an art gallery, was designed personally by Aivazovsky in 1845, and in 1880 the artist opened his own showroom. Ivan Konstantinovich exhibited his paintings there, which were not supposed to leave Feodosia. This year is officially considered the year the gallery was created.

According to his will, the art gallery was donated to Feodosia. In the Feodosia Art Gallery, which he founded and now bears his name, the artist’s work is most fully represented. The archive of Aivazovsky's documents is stored in the Russian State Archive of Literature and Art, the State Public Library. M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin (St. Petersburg), State Tretyakov Gallery, Theater Museum. A. A. Bakhrushina.

Creation

Aivazovsky was especially famous not only in Russia, but also in Turkey. His acquaintance with the Ottoman Empire began in 1845. The Mediterranean geographical expedition led by F. P. Litke, which included Ivan Konstantinovich, went to the shores of Turkey and Asia Minor. Then Istanbul conquered the artist. After the end of the expedition, he wrote a large number of works, including views of the capital of the Ottoman Empire.

Paintings by I.K. Aivazovsky, which were in Turkey, were repeatedly exhibited in various exhibitions. In 1880, an exhibition of the artist’s paintings was held in the building of the Russian embassy. At the end of it, Sultan Abdul-Hamid II presented I.K. Aivazovsky with a diamond medal.

In 1881, the owner of the art store Ulman Grombach held an exhibition of works famous masters: Van Dyck, Rembrandt, Bruegl, Aivazovsky, Jerome. In 1882, an art exhibition by I.K. Aivazovsky and the Turkish artist Oskan Efendi took place here. The exhibitions were a huge success.

In 1888, another exhibition was held in Istanbul, organized by Levon Mazirov (nephew of I.K. Aivazovsky), at which 24 paintings by the artist were presented. Half of her proceeds went to charity. It was during these years that the first graduation of the Ottoman Academy of Arts occurred. Aivazovsky’s style of writing can be traced in the works of Academy graduates: “The sinking of the ship “Ertugrul” in Tokyo Bay” by the artist Osman Nuri Pasha, the painting “Ship” by Ali Cemal, some marinas of Diyarbakır Tahsin.

In 1890, Ivan Konstantinovich made his last trip to Istanbul. He visited the Armenian Patriarchate and Yildiz Palace, where he left his paintings as a gift. On this visit, he was awarded the Order of Medjidiye, I degree, by Sultan Abdul-Hamid II.

Currently several famous paintings Aivazovsky are located in Turkey. The Military Museum in Istanbul houses the 1893 painting “Ship on the Black Sea”; the 1889 painting “Ship and Boat” is kept in one of the private collections. The residence of the President of Turkey houses the painting “A Ship Sinking in a Storm” (1899).

The famous English marine painter W. Turner, who visited Rome in 1842 [ When?], I. Aivazovsky’s paintings (“Calm on the Sea” and “Storm”) were so shocked that he dedicated a poem to him:

I'm sorry, great artist, if I was wrong,
Taking your picture for reality.
But your work fascinated me
And delight took possession of me.
Your art is high and monumental,
Because you are inspired by genius.
(literal translation)

Aivazovsky's works in the modern world

Nowadays, interest in the artist’s works continues. His works are constantly sold at various auctions. For example, in 2008, at the Sotheby’s auction, two canvases by Aivazovsky, “Distribution of Food” and “Relief Ship,” were sold for $2.4 million. The canvases are dedicated to US assistance to Russia in the 90s of the 19th century and were donated by the author to the Corcoran Gallery museum in Washington .

"View of Constantinople and the Bosphorus." Canvas, oil. 124.5 x 195.5

On April 24, 2012, at Sotheby's auction, Aivazovsky's 1856 painting “View of Constantinople and the Bosphorus” was sold for £3.2 million.

Awards and regalia

• awarded the Legion of Honor (France);
• awarded the Ottoman Order "Nishan-Ali" IV degree;

• awarded the Osmaniye Order, II degree;

• In 1888, I.K. Aivazovsky was visited by A.P. Chekhov.

July 22, Feodosia. Yesterday I went to Shakh-Mamai, Aivazovsky’s estate, 25 miles from Feodosia. The estate is luxurious, somewhat fabulous; such estates can probably be seen in Persia. Aivazovsky himself, a cheerful old man of about 75, is a cross between a good-natured Armenian and a jaded bishop; full of dignity, has soft hands and presents them like a general. Not far away, but his nature is complex and worthy of attention. In himself alone he combines a general, a bishop, an artist, an Armenian, a naive grandfather, and Othello. He is married to a young and very beautiful woman, whom he keeps close. Familiar with sultans, shahs and emirs. He wrote “Ruslana and Lyudmila” together with Glinka. I was a friend of Pushkin, but I didn’t read Pushkin. He had never read a single book in his life. When he is asked to read, he says: “Why should I read if I have my own opinions?” I stayed with him all day and had lunch.

• Often visiting his brother Gabriel on the island of St. Lazarus, Aivazovsky constantly stayed in the room of the great poet George Byron, who also came here to study the Armenian language.

Memory of Aivazovsky

Monument in Kronstadt

Monument in Yerevan

Monument in Simferopol

The monument in Simferopol was erected on the initiative and at the expense of the Armenian national society Crimea "Louis". Sculptors - L. Tokmadzhyan with his sons, architect - V. Kravchenko. Square named after P. E. Dybenko, Sovetskaya Square.

Simferopol. Monument to the Ayvazyan brothers

Monuments in other cities

Reward

Order of Hovhannes Aivazovsky.

Toponymy

• Aivazovsky (Railway station /stop/ on the territory of the Kaliningrad region)

• Feodosia:
  • Aivazovsky Avenue and Aivazovsky Street
  • Aivazovskaya railway station within the city

In philately

Bibliography

• Aivazovsky. Leningrad, Aurora Art Publishers, .
• Ivan Constantinovich Aivazovski. Publishing house "Art", Moscow, .
• Igor Dolgopolov, Masters and masterpieces. Publishing house "Fine Art", Moscow, .
• Popular Art Encyclopedia. Publishing house " Soviet Encyclopedia", Moscow, .
• Aivazovsky. Documents and materials. - Yerevan, 1967.
• Barsamov N. S. I. K. Aivazovsky. 1817-1900. - M., 1962.
• Wagner L., Grigorovich N. Aivazovsky. - M., 1970.
• Un peintre russe sur la Riviera: Aivazovsky par Guillaume ARAL et Alex BENVENUTO, Lou Sourgentin N°192, Nice, July 2010 (French)

...Since then I know that becoming Aivazovsky is not easy, that the artist of the Main Naval Staff had a secret in his uniform pocket with which he could make water wet on the canvas...

- Konetsky V.V. Salty ice. In the storm and calm // Collected works in 7 volumes (8 books). - St. Petersburg. : International Foundation“300 years of Kronstadt - revival of shrines”, 2001-2003. - T. 2. - 471 p.

Filmography

• 1983. “Aivazovsky and Armenia” (documentary film);
• In 2000, the Russian Museum and the Kvadrat Film studio created.
• There is also a story about the artist in the project “Russian Empire”

see also

Notes

1. Aivazovsky, Ivan - The Oxford Dictionary of Art, 2004.
2. - article from the Krugosvet encyclopedia
3. Aivazovsky, Ivan Konstantinovich- article from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia
4. Encyclopedia of Landscape. - M: OLMA-PRESS, 2002.
5. David Marshall Lang, Armenia: cradle of civilization, Allen and Unwin, 1970, p. 245
6. G. S. Churak Ivan Aivazovsky. “On July 17 (29), the priest of the Armenian church in the city of Feodosia recorded that “Hovhannes, the son of Gevorg Ayvazyan” was born to Konstantin (Gevorg) Gaivazovsky and his wife Repsime. A native of southern Poland - Galicia - Gevorg Ayvazyan wrote his first and last name in the Polish way - Konstantin Aivazovsky"
7. Shahen Khachatryan(Director of the National Gallery of Armenia and the Martiros Saryan Museum). Poet of the sea. “Aivazovsky’s ancestors moved from Western (Turkish) Armenia to southern Poland in the 18th century. IN early XIX century, the merchant Konstantin (Gevorg) Gaivazovsky moved from there to Feodosia.”
8. Vagner L. A., Grigorovich N. S. Aivazovsky. - “Art”, 1970. - Page. 90. “Their distant ancestors also once lived in Armenia, but, like other refugees, they were forced to move to Poland. The surname of their ancestors was Ayvazyan, but among the Poles it gradually acquired a Polish sound.”
9. Karatygin P. Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky and his 17-year artistic activity. - “Russian Antiquity”, 1878, vol. 21, no. 4
10. Semevsky, Mikhail Ivanovich / Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky: His half-century anniversary artistic activity. 26 Sep. 1837-1887. artistic activity. 26 Sep. 1837-1887 / St. Petersburg, type. V. S. Balasheva, qualification. 1887. Page 18
11. G. S. Churak(Head of the painting department of the second half of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century Tretyakov Gallery). Ivan Aivazovsky. “On July 17 (29), 1817, the priest of the Armenian church in the city of Feodosia recorded that “Hovhannes, the son of Gevorg Ayvazyan” was born to Konstantin (Gevorg) Aivazovsky and his wife Repsime. A native of southern Poland - Galicia - Gevorg Ayvazyan wrote his first and last name in the Polish way - Konstantin Gaivazovsky"
12. Barsamov N. S. Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky. 1962. "Art". page 92. " There is also the following information about the origin of Aivazovsky’s father: “... in the middle of the last century, the Aivazovsky family appeared in Galicia, where our closest relatives famous artist They still live there, owning land there. Ivan Konstantinovich's father, Konstantin Georgievich, professed the Armenian-Gregorian religion. In his time, he was a very developed person, knew several languages ​​thoroughly and was distinguished by a lively mind, energetic character and thirst for activity...” Literary information about Aivazovsky’s ancestors is very scarce and, moreover, contradictory. No documents have been preserved that could clarify the Aivazovsky family tree. »
13. Gabriel Ayvazyan (brother of Ivan Aivazovsky). TsGIA Arm. SSR, f.57, op.1, d.320, l.42. (Quoted from Aivazovsky: documents and materials / compiled by M. Sargsyan). “Kaitan Aivaz spent his childhood in Moldova, then in Russia. But since Kaitan moved to Russia and adopted the name Konstantin Gregorian (son of Grigor), he also considered it necessary to change his surname Aivaz or Gayvaz to Aivazovsky.”
14. Ukrainian Soviet Encyclopedia. 1978. Pp. 94. “Ivan Konstantinovich is a Russian painter. Armenian by origin.”
15. "Aivazovsky's father, due to family disagreements with his brothers, moved from Galicia in his youth and lived in Wallachia and Moldova, engaged in trade. He knew languages ​​perfectly: Turkish, Armenian, Hungarian, German, Jewish, Gypsy and almost all the dialects of the current Danube principalities..."Quoted from: Barsamov. Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky. 1962. Art. p. 8.
16. Russian multinational civilization, Vadim Vintserovich Trepavlov - 2003, p. 303
17. Three centuries of St. Petersburg: Nineteenth century. book 1. A-B. book 2. P. E. Bukharkin, St. Petersburg State University - 2003, p. 177, op. "Crimean Armenian by origin"
18. Sargsyan M.S. The life of a great marine painter: Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky. Translation from Armenian by E.V. Barashyan. Preface, text preparation and comments by D.A. Loseva. Afterword by Sh.G. Khachatryan. Feodosia, Publishing House “Koktebel”, 2010.- 384 p.
19. Karatygin P. Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky and his seventeenth-year artistic activity .- “Russian Antiquity”, 1878, vol. 21, No. 4. “In the family of I.K. Aivazovsky there is a tradition that his ancestors were of Turkish origin. His great-grandfather, the son of a Turkish military leader, while still a child, was almost stabbed to death by soldiers during the capture of Azov in 1696. He was saved by an Armenian, by whom he was subsequently adopted.”
20. A. D. Bludova. Memories . M., 1888. pp. 23-25. " the custom of bringing with us, after campaigns, a Turkish child saved from death or captured Turkish women and giving them to their relatives for education or as servants brought a lot of admixture of southern blood between us, and to our benefit, and not to our detriment, judging by Zhukovsky, Aksakov , Aivazovsky, who are of Turkish origin on the female side, and according to Pushkin, who, as is known, was a descendant of a Negro on his mother’s side»
21. Memories of I.K. Aivazovsky / N.N. Kuzmin. St. Petersburg: typo-lit. V. V. Komarova, 1901

    I.K. Aivazovsky himself once recalled about his origin, in the circle of his family, the following interesting and, therefore, completely reliable legend. The story given here was originally written down in his own words and is kept in family archives artist. “I was born in the city of Feodosia in 1817, but the real homeland of my close ancestors, my father, was far from here, not from Russia. Who would have thought that war, this all-destroying scourge, contributed to the fact that my life was preserved and that I saw the light and was born precisely on the shore of my beloved Black Sea. And yet it was like that. In 1770, the Russian army, led by Rumyantsev, besieged Bendery. The fortress was taken, and the Russian soldiers, irritated by stubborn resistance and the death of their comrades, scattered throughout the city and, heeding only the feeling of vengeance, did not spare either gender or age.” “Among their victims was the secretary of the Bendery Pasha. Mortally struck by one Russian grenadier, he was bleeding, clutching in his hands a baby who was about to suffer the same fate. The Russian bayonet was already raised over the young Turk when one Armenian held back the punishing hand with an exclamation: “Stop!” This is my son! He is a Christian!“ The noble lie served as a salvation, and the child was spared. This child was my father. The good Armenian did not end his good deed with this; he became the second father of a Muslim orphan, baptizing him under the name of Konstantin and giving him the surname Gaivazovsky, from the word Gayzov, which in Turkish means secretary. Having lived for a long time with his benefactor in Galicia, Konstantin Aivazovsky finally settled in Feodosia, where he married a young southern beauty, also an Armenian, and at first began successful trading operations.”

22. V. N. Pilipenko, Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky, Artist of the RSFSR (Leningrad), series “Russian painters of the 19th century”, 1991, ISBN 5-7370-0247-0
23. Website of the Feodosia Art Gallery named after. I.K. Aivazovsky
24. Left an immortal memory of himself
25. Talented grandson of the great grandfather
26. List of civil ranks 8th grade. - St. Petersburg. , 1858. - P. 1062.
27. Khachaturyan S. Decree. op. P. 6; Uzelli G. İvan Konstantinoviç Ayvazovskiy, Antik-Dekor. S. 37. Istanbul, 1996, s. 77
28. http://www.rian.ru/kaleidoscope/20080415/105148373.html RIA Novosti dated April 15, 2008

Aivazovsky Ivan Konstantinovich, part 1 (1817 - 1900)

I.N. Kramskoy argued that Aivazovsky “is a star of the first magnitude, in any case, and not only here, but in the history of art in general.”
P.M. Tretyakov, wanting to buy a painting for his gallery, wrote to the artist: “...Give me your magic water, such that it would fully convey your incomparable talent.”
In painting, Aivazovsky was, first of all, a poet. The artist said about himself: “The plot of the painting is formed in my memory, like the plot of a poem by a poet, having made a sketch on a piece of paper, I begin to work and do not leave the canvas until I have expressed myself on it with my brush.”
For my long life he wrote up to 6,000 works. The best of them have entered the treasury of world culture. His paintings are in many galleries around the world

Portrait of the artist Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky
1841
Oil on canvas 72 x 54.2

Moscow

Ivan (Hovhannes) Konstantinovich Aivazovsky was born on July 17 (30), 1817 in Feodosia. Aivazovsky's ancestors moved from Western (Turkish) Armenia to southern Poland in the 18th century. At the beginning of the 19th century, merchant Konstantin (Gevorg) Gaivazovsky moved from Poland to Feodosia. After the plague epidemic hit Feodosia in 1812, life was not easy for the Gaivazovsky family. Konstantin Hripsime’s wife, a skilled embroiderer, helped support the family, which included two daughters and three sons.

Aivazovsky received his primary education at an Armenian parish school, and then graduated from the Simferopol gymnasium, to which the city architect Koch helped place him. In 1833, with the assistance of the Feodosian mayor A. Kaznacheev, Aivazovsky went to St. Petersburg, and based on the children’s drawings presented, he was enrolled in the Academy of Arts in the landscape class of Professor M. N. Vorobyov. Then he studied in the battle class with A. Sauerweid and for a short time with the marine painter F. Tanner, invited from France.

Already in 1835, for “Study of Air over the Sea” he was awarded a silver medal of the second dignity. In 1837, for three sea views and especially for the painting “Calm” he was awarded the First Gold Medal and his academic course was shortened by two years with the condition that during this time he painted landscapes of a number of Crimean cities. As a result of the trip to Crimea, views of Yalta, Feodosia, Sevastopol, Kerch and the paintings “Moonlit Night in Gurzuf” (1839), “Storm”, “Sea Shore” (1840) appeared.

Aivazovsky I.K. Moonlit night in Crimea. Gurzuf.
1839
Sumsky Art Museum

"Coast"
1840
Canvas, oil. 42.8 x 61.5 cm
State Tretyakov Gallery

Windmill on the seashore"
1837
Oil on canvas 67 x 96

Saint Petersburg

Seashore at night
1837
47 x 66 cm
Canvas, oil
Romanticism, realism
Russia
Feodosia. Feodosia Art Gallery named after. I.K.

Kerch
1839

In 1839, Aivazovsky took part as an artist in a naval campaign to the shores of the Caucasus. On board the ship he meets M.P. Lazarev, V.A. Kornilov, P.S. Nakhimov, V.N. Istomin, and gets the opportunity to study the designs of warships. Creates the first battle painting - “Landing at Subashi”.

“Landing N.N. Raevsky at Subashi"
1839
Canvas, oil. 66 x 97 cm
Samara Art Museum
There he also met the Decembrists M. M. Naryshkin, A. I. Odoevsky, N. N. Lorer, demoted to the rank and file, who took part in the case under Subashi. The artist’s Crimean works were successfully exhibited at an exhibition at the Academy of Arts, and as an incentive, I.K. Aivazovsky was given a business trip to Italy.

"Naval Battle of Navarino (October 2, 1827)"
1846
Oil on canvas 222 x 234

Saint Petersburg

"Naval Battle of Vyborg June 29, 1790"
1846
Canvas, oil. 222 x 335 cm
Higher Naval Engineering School named after. F.E.Dzerzhinsky

"Naval Battle of Reval (9 May 1790)"
1846
Oil on canvas 222 x 335
Naval School named after. F. E. Dzerzhinsky
Saint Petersburg
Russia

In 1840, Aivazovsky went to Italy. There he meets prominent figures of Russian literature, art, and science - Gogol, Alexander Ivanov, Botkin, Panaev. At the same time, in 1841, the artist changed his last name Gaivazovsky to Aivazovsky.

Azure Grotto. Naples
1841
74 x 100 cm
Canvas, oil
Romanticism, realism
Russia
Donetsk. Donetsk Art Museum,

View of the Venetian Lagoon
1841 76x118

The artist’s activity in Rome begins with studying and copying the works of past masters; he works a lot on full-scale sketches. In one of his letters, Aivazovsky said: “I, like a bee, collect honey from a flower garden.” Throughout his life, he returned to the landscapes of Italy; the harmonious coexistence of man and sea in this country was imprinted in his memory as an example of beauty. Aivazovsky created about fifty large paintings in Italy. The artist’s success was brought to him by his romantic seascapes “Storm”, “Chaos”, “Gulf of Naples” moonlit night” (1839) and others. His painting “Chaos” was acquired by the Vatican Museum. Pope Gregory XVI awarded the artist a gold medal. The artist’s talent is recognized by art connoisseurs and colleagues. A. Ivanov notes Aivazovsky’s abilities in depicting the sea, engraver F. Jordan claims that Aivazovsky is the pioneer of the genre of marine painting in Rome.

"Chaos. World creation"
1841
Oil on canvas 106 x 75
Museum of the Armenian Mekhitarist Congregation
Venice. Island of St. Lazarus

"Bay of Naples"
1841
Oil on canvas 73 x 108

View of Constantinople in the evening light
1846 120x189.5

"View of Constantinople by moonlight"
1846
Oil on canvas 124 x 192
State Russian Museum
Saint Petersburg
Russia

1850
Oil on canvas 121 x 190

Feodosia

"The Bay of Naples on a Moonlit Night"
1892
Oil on canvas 45 x 73
Collection of A. Shahinyan
NY

In 1843, the artist began his journey with an exhibition of paintings throughout Europe. “Rome, Naples, Venice, Paris, London, Amsterdam awarded me the most flattering encouragements,” recalled Aivazovsky. One of them is the title of academician awarded by the Amsterdam Academy of Fine Arts. As the only representative of Russian art, he participated in the international exhibition organized at the Louvre. Ten years later, he was the first foreign artist to become a Knight of the Legion of Honor.

"Shipwreck"
1843
Oil on canvas 116 x 189
Feodosia Art Gallery named after. I.K. Aivazovsky
Feodosia
Russia

In 1844, two years ahead of schedule, Aivazovsky returned to Russia. Upon returning to his homeland, the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts awarded him the title of academician. The Navy Department awarded him the honorary title of artist of the Main Naval Staff with the right to wear an admiralty uniform and assigned him “an extensive and complex order” - to paint all Russian military ports on the Baltic Sea. During the winter months of 1844 - 1845. Aivazovsky fulfilled the government order and created a number of other beautiful marinas.

"Russian squadron on the Sevastopol roadstead"
1846
Canvas, oil. 121 x 191 cm
State Russian Museum

In 1845, together with the expedition of F.P. Litke, Aivazovsky visited the coasts of Turkey and Asia Minor. During this voyage, he made a large number of pencil drawings, which served him for many years as material for creating paintings, which he always painted in the studio. Returning from the expedition, Aivazovsky leaves for Feodosia. “It's a feeling or a habit, it's second nature to me. “I willingly spend the winter in St. Petersburg,” the artist wrote, “but as soon as it blows in the spring, I am attacked by homesickness - I am drawn to the Crimea, to the Black Sea.”

View of Feodosia
1845
70 x 96 cm
Canvas, oil
Romanticism, realism
Russia
Yerevan. State Art Gallery of Armenia

Feodosia. Sunrise
1852 60x90

In Feodosia, the artist built a studio house on the seashore and finally settled here. In winter, he usually visited St. Petersburg and other Russian cities with his exhibitions, and sometimes traveled abroad. During his long life, Aivazovsky made a number of trips: he visited Italy, Paris and other European cities several times, worked in the Caucasus, sailed to the shores of Asia Minor, was in Egypt, and at the end of his life, in 1898, he traveled to America. During his sea voyages, he enriched his observations, and drawings accumulated in his folders. The artist spoke about his creative method: “A person who is not gifted with a memory that preserves the impressions of living nature can be an excellent copyist, a living photographic apparatus, but never a true artist. The movements of living elements are elusive to the brush: painting lightning, a gust of wind, a splash of a wave is unthinkable from life. The plot of the picture is formed in my memory, like the plot of a poem by a poet...”

Meeting of fishermen on the shores of the Gulf of Naples 1842 58x85
"Meeting of fishermen"
Canvas, oil. 58 x 85 cm
State Tretyakov Gallery

"Gondelier on the Sea at Night"
1843
Oil on canvas 73 x 112
State Museum fine arts Republic of Tatarstan
Kazan
Russia

"Venetian Lagoon. View of the island of San Giorgio"
1844
Wood, oil. 22.5 x 34.5 cm
State Tretyakov Gallery

Mill on the seashore 1851 50x57

"Sunrise in Feodosia"
1855
Oil on canvas 82 x 117

Yerevan

"St. George's Monastery. Cape Fiolent"
1846
Oil on canvas 122.5 x 192.5
Feodosia Art Gallery named after. I.K. Aivazovsky
Feodosia

View of Odessa on a moonlit night
1846
122 x 190 cm
Canvas, oil
Romanticism, realism
Russia

"View of Odessa from the sea"
1865
Oil on canvas 45 x 58
State Art Gallery of Armenia
Yerevan

Aivazovsky's painting of the forties and fifties was marked by a strong influence romantic traditions K. P. Bryullov, which affected the artist’s painting skills. Like Bryullov, he strives to create grandiose colorful canvases. This was very clearly reflected in the battle painting “Battle of Chesme”, written by him in 1848, dedicated to the outstanding naval battle. The battle is depicted at night. In the depths of the bay, burning ships of the Turkish fleet are visible, one of them at the moment of the explosion. Covered in fire and smoke, the wreckage of the ship flies into the air, turning into a blazing fire. In the foreground, in a dark silhouette, stands the flagship of the Russian fleet, to which, saluting, a boat with the crew of Lieutenant Ilyin, who blew up his fire-ship among the Turkish flotilla, approaches. On the water you can make out the wreckage of Turkish ships with groups of sailors calling for help, and other details.

"Battle of Chesme June 25-26, 1770"
1848
Oil on canvas 220 x 188
Feodosia Art Gallery named after. I.K. Aivazovsky
Feodosia

Review of the Black Sea Fleet in 1849
1886 131x249

"Brig Mercury attacked by two Turkish ships"
1892
Canvas, oil

“The brig Mercury, after defeating two Turkish ships, meets with the Russian squadron”
1848
Oil on canvas 123 x 190
State Russian Museum
Saint Petersburg

"Storm at Sea at Night"
1849
Oil on canvas 89 x 106
Palaces-museums and parks of Petrodvorets
Peterhof, Leningrad region

Aivazovsky's contribution to battle painting is significant. He captured episodes of the Sevastopol defense, and repeatedly turned to the heroic exploits of the Russian navy: “Every victory of our troops on land or at sea,” the artist wrote, “makes me happy, as a Russian at heart, and gives me an idea of ​​how an artist can depict it on canvas...”.

"Storm"
1850
Oil on canvas 82 x 117
State Art Gallery of Armenia
Yerevan

Aivazovsky was the last and most prominent representative of the romantic movement in Russian painting. Its the best romantic works the second half of the 40s - 50s are: “Storm on the Black Sea” (1845), “St. George’s Monastery” (1846), “Entrance to the Sevastopol Bay” (1851).

Entrance to Sevastopol Bay 1852

View of Constantinople by moonlight
1846
124 x 192 cm
Canvas, oil
Romanticism, realism
Russia
Saint Petersburg. State Russian Museum

View of the Leander Tower in Constantinople
1848
Canvas, oil
58 x 45.3
Tretyakov Gallery

The largest marine painter in Russian painting of the 19th century, I.K. Aivazovsky, traveled a lot and often included images of famous architectural structures in his seascapes. The Leandrova (Maiden) Tower depicted in the painting was built in the 12th century on a small rock at the entrance to the strait of Istanbul harbor and has long served as a lighthouse and mooring place for ships. It is still used as a lighthouse today. The tower rises against the background of a golden sky, the rays of the setting sun paint the surface of the sea water in pearlescent tones, and silhouettes of buildings appear in the distance ancient city. Soft sunlight romanticizes the landscape created by the artist.

"Moonlight night"
1849
Oil on canvas 123 x 192
State Russian Museum
Saint Petersburg

Sunset on the sea
1856
121.5x188

“Night in Crimea. View of Ayudag"
1859
Oil on canvas 63 x 83
Odessa Art Museum
Odessa

Storm
1857
100x49

The fifties are associated with Crimean War 1853 - 1856. As soon as word of the Battle of Sinop reached Aivazovsky, he immediately went to Sevastopol and asked the participants in the battle about all the circumstances of the case. Soon two paintings by Aivazovsky were exhibited in Sevastopol, depicting Sinop battle night and day. Admiral Nakhimov, highly appreciating the work of Aivazovsky, especially night fight, said: “The picture is extremely well done.”

“Sinop battle (day version)”
1853
Canvas, oil

“Battle of Sinop November 18, 1853 (the night after the battle)”
1853
Canvas, oil. 220 x 331 cm
Central Naval Museum

Capture of the Turkish military transport Messina by the steamer "Russia" on the Black Sea on December 13, 1877

The battle of the Vesta steamship with the Turkish battleship Fehti-Buland in the Black Sea on July 11, 1877

In Aivazovsky’s work one can find paintings on a wide variety of topics, for example, images of the nature of Ukraine. He loved the boundless Ukrainian steppes and inspiredly depicted them in his works (“Chumatsky convoy” (1868), “Ukrainian landscape” (1868)), coming close to the landscape of the masters of Russian ideological realism. Aivazovsky’s proximity to Gogol, Shevchenko, and Sternberg played a role in this attachment to Ukraine.

Chumaks on vacation
1885

Convoy in the steppe

"Ukrainian landscape with Chumaks under the moon"
1869
Canvas, oil. 60 x 82 cm
State Tretyakov Gallery

Windmills in the Ukrainian Steppe at sunset
1862 51x60

"A Flock of Sheep in a Storm"
1861
Oil on canvas 76 x 125
Collection of A. Shahinyan
NY

Neighborhoods of Yalta at night
1866

Neighborhoods of Yalta
1863
20.2x28

Storm on the North Sea
1865 269x195

Sunset on the sea
1866

Moonlit night on the Bosphorus
1894 49.7x75.8

After the storm. Moon rise
1894 41x58

“View of the sea from the mountains at sunset”
1864
Oil on canvas 122 x 170
State Russian Museum
Saint Petersburg

"Global flood"
1864
Oil on canvas 246.5 x 369
State Russian Museum
Saint Petersburg

"The Death of Pompeii"
1889
Oil on canvas 128 x 218
Rostov Regional Museum of Fine Arts
Rostov
to be continued...

Http://gallerix.ru/album/aivazovsky
http://www.artsait.ru/art/a/aivazovsky/main.htm

Communication with nature gives a person a lot of pleasant impressions. The ancient Greeks said: “By looking at beauty and hearing about beauty, a person improves.”

The romantic artist Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky had a special gift for understanding nature. The sea was for him one of the most striking wonders of nature. Marina is an independent type of landscape painting. The word "marina" (from French word"marine") means a painting depicting a sea view. A marine painter is an artist who depicts the sea.

Acquaintance with the world of romanticism - the art of passion, the expression of the power of natural forces and human will, contributes to the emergence of aesthetic experiences in children and the formation of moral feelings. Parents can offer their children school age take a sea voyage with the marine painter I.K. Aivazovsky, get acquainted with his romantic seascapes in order to teach them to hear and see the many colors, sounds, shapes, and transformations in nature.

The first lesson “Russian marine painter I.K. Aivazovsky: creativity and biography for children.”

Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky - master seascape.

The artist was born in 1817 in Feodosia. His childhood was spent on the shores of the Black Sea. The family moved to Crimea from Moldova. Father Gevorg Gayvazyan was a merchant of the 3rd guild, mother Agrafen (Hripsime) worked as an embroiderer. Since childhood, Ivan was fond of playing the violin and drawing.

It so happened that the mayor Alexei Ivanovich Kaznacheev became aware of the boy’s amazing abilities, and he played a significant role in the artist’s life. In 1830, A.I. Kaznacheev was appointed governor of Tavria and transferred to service in Simferopol. He sent the talented boy to the Simferopol gymnasium. In 1833, after graduating from high school, Aivazovsky was sent to study at the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts, where he received painting lessons from Professor M. N. Vorobyov and became acquainted with the painting techniques of K. Bryullov and S. Shchedrin.

In 1834, Aivazovsky was seconded to French painter F. Tanner as an assistant. It soon became clear that the student had surpassed his teacher. At the academic exhibition, Aivazovsky’s painting “Study above the Clouds” received universal recognition. Soon F. Tanner, overwhelmed by the victory of his assistant, did everything to turn the king himself against him. The young artist was in danger of great trouble. Only the intercession of Professor A.I. Sauerweid helped.

He graduated from the Academy with a gold medal, I.K. Aivazovsky went abroad as a boarder of the Academy of Arts, making trips to Germany, France, Spain, Holland, and Portugal. His paintings are exhibited at major exhibitions in Europe. In 1844, the artist was awarded the title of academician in marine species. On the occasion of the 10th anniversary of artistic creativity, he opens his first personal exhibition in his homeland, Feodosia.

In 1857, Aivazovsky received the Order of the Legion of Honor from the French government. In 1865 in Feodosia he opened a “General Art Workshop” at his workshop. From 1868 to 1869 is working on laying a railway to Feodosia. In 1876 he was elected a member of the Florence Academy of Arts. In 1880, he opened an art gallery in his homeland at his home. For all my creative life Aivazovsky painted about 6,000 paintings, which today adorn the world's famous galleries.

Ivan (Hovhannes) Konstantinovich Aivazovsky bore the surname Gaivazovsky from birth. In 1840, together with his brother Gabriel, he changed the spelling of his last name and became Aivazovsky.

Aivazovsky loved to improvise and played the violin beautifully.

The artist painted landscapes to music, which helped him find the rhythm of his work. He could paint a picture in a few hours, in one go.

Very often, the artist began painting a landscape with an image of the sky, rather than the sea. The sky tuned him up and suggested the plots of his sea voyages.

Aivazovsky was an eyewitness to the military exercises of the Black Sea Fleet, so he dedicated some of his paintings to the exploits of Russian sailors (“Battle of Chesme” (1848), “Battle of Navarrene” (1848)…)

In his works, the artist depicted ships struggling with the waves, the movements of waves and light, various states of the sea elements...

"The Ninth Wave" (1850)

The painting is dedicated to a storm that the artist himself saw and experienced during one of his travels. This storm occurred in 1844 in the Bay of Biscay. Then European and St. Petersburg newspapers reported the wreck of the ship and the death of the young marine painter.

The size of the canvas (221x332) gives the viewer the impression of being among the huge and heaving sea waves.

People, exhausted after the shipwreck, are barely holding on to the wreckage of the mast. A few more seconds and the ninth wave will overtake them.

One of the survivors sees the shore and waves a red handkerchief asking for rescue. And then the morning comes. The sunrise, illuminating the sky and waves with bright sunlight, gives the victims hope of salvation.

Here is what the young painter wrote about this event: “Fear did not suppress in me the ability to perceive and retain in my memory the impressions made on me by the storm, like a wondrous a living picture».

Tell your child about your impressions of the picture. Ask him the following questions:

• How is the sea depicted?
• What feelings does it evoke?
• What time of day did the artist show?
• Can sailors see the shore?
• Why is one of the sailors waving a red handkerchief?
• Would you like to be in the place of the victims?
• Can man always control nature?

Before us is a raging sea element. The ship, tilted to its side, surrendering to the merciless, angry waves, is wrecked. The sailors managed to get into the boat, but the waves carried them to the rocks. In anticipation of danger, people trying to escape are trying to turn around and ward off the blow. Finding themselves in the harsh embrace of the sea, the sailors realize that their death is inevitable. However, not everyone has accepted their bitter fate and obediently looks into the eyes of fate.

The artist draws different tempers: The lookout stood up, trying to examine the rocks in order to find a flat place among them, a small bay where the boat could be directed. A sailor standing with an oar at full height is ready to fight to the end and strictly follow the instructions of the lookout. The rower steers the boat with all his strength. Someone waves his hat, welcoming his near end. And suddenly, over the living bubbling sea, through the waves and clouds, the sun broke through, and with it the saving radiance of the rainbow appeared. This rainbow gave the sailors hope of salvation.

Describe the picture. Tell your child about the feelings you are experiencing? Ask him a few questions:

• What is the name of this painting? What would you call this painting? (“Alone with the Elements”, “Shipwreck”...)
• Why did the artist choose this name? (The rainbow was a sign of hope)
• What happened to the ship?
• How do sailors behave? What character qualities do they have?
• Do you think the sailors will be saved?

Do not forget to make a joint conclusion: These courageous people survived because they know how to deal with difficulties. The name itself serves as a clue. Hope dies last.

The painting was painted by the artist 10 days before his 80th birthday.

The sea element is represented by the artist in the image of an abyss, beyond the control of the human mind. Giant wave-shafts play among themselves, enjoying their indomitable power. On the one hand, the artist shows the beauty and grandeur of the water element, on the other – mercilessness, unbridled power, primitive chaos.

An artist in love with the sea conveys to us the character, the mood of the sea, makes the viewer experience a feeling of delight and a sense of fear in front of this unknown force.

Ask your child to describe the sea. Ask the following questions:

• Does he like the sea? What is it like? (calm, mirror-smooth, excited, serene, raging...)
• What is sea calm?
• Which paintings by Aivazovsky depict calm seas?
• How does he feel about sea travel? Why are they dangerous?

Aivazovsky's creativity can give a lot for raising children. When meeting the artist’s paintings, the child feels emotional uplift, joy, and delight. This is the beauty of feelings, experiences, thoughts, comprehended not only by the mind, but also by the heart.

I wish parents and children wonderful experiences from communicating with nature!

(Gayvazovsky) and was baptized under the name Hovhannes (the Armenian form of the name “John”).

Since childhood, Aivazovsky drew and played the violin. Thanks to the patronage of the senator, head of the Tauride province Alexander Kaznacheev, he was able to study at the Tauride Gymnasium in Simferopol, and then at the Academy of Arts in St. Petersburg, where he studied in classes landscape painting Professor Maxim Vorobyov and battle painting of Professor Alexander Sauerweid.

While studying at the Academy in 1835, Aivazovsky’s work “Study of Air over the Sea” was awarded a silver medal, and in 1837, the painting “Calm” was awarded a gold medal of the first degree.

In view of Aivazovsky’s successes, in 1837 the Academy council made an unusual decision - to release him early (two years ahead of schedule) from the academy and send him to Crimea for independent work, and after that - on a business trip abroad.

Thus, in 1837-1839, Aivazovsky performed full-scale work in the Crimea, and in 1840-1844 he improved his skills in Italy as a pensioner (he received a boarding house) from the Academy of Arts.

The canvases "Landing of the landing in the house of Subashi" and "View of Sevastopol" (1840) were bought by Emperor Nicholas I. In Rome, the artist painted the paintings "Storm" and Chaos." For the canvases "Boat of the Circassian Pirates", "Quiet on the Mediterranean Sea" and "The Island of Capri" in 1843 he was awarded a gold medal at the Paris Exhibition.

Since 1844, Aivazovsky was an academician and painter of the Main Naval Staff of Russia, since 1847 - a professor, and since 1887 - an honorary member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts.

Since 1845, Aivazovsky lived and worked in Feodosia, where he built a house on the seashore according to his own design. During his life he made a number of travels: he visited Italy, France and others several times. European countries, worked in the Caucasus, sailed to the shores of Asia Minor, was in Egypt, and in 1898 traveled to America.

His paintings “Views of the Black Sea” and “Monastery of St. George” became famous. The painting “The Four Riches of Russia” brought Aivazovsky the French Order of the Legion of Honor in 1857.

At the beginning of 1873, an exhibition of Aivazovsky’s paintings took place in Florence, which received much attention. positive feedback. He became one of the most recognized representatives of the Russian school of painting throughout the world. In this capacity, Aivazovsky was awarded the honor, second after Orest Kiprensky, to present a self-portrait in the Florentine Uffizi Gallery.

During the Russian-Turkish War of 1877, Aivazovsky painted a series of paintings.

In 1888 there was an exhibition of his new paintings dedicated to various episodes from the life of Columbus.

In total, since 1846, more than 120 personal exhibitions of Aivazovsky have taken place. The artist created about six thousand paintings, drawings and watercolors.

Among them, the most famous are “Battle of Navarrene”, “Battle of Chesme” (both 1848), depicting naval battles, a series of paintings “Defense of Sevastopol” (1859), “The Ninth Wave” (1850) and “Black Sea” (1881), recreating the greatness and power of the sea element. The artist's last painting was "The Explosion of the Ship", describing one of the episodes of the Greco-Turkish War, which remained unfinished.

He was a member of the Rome, Florence, Stuttgart and Amsterdam Academies of Arts.

© Sotheby's Canvas by Ivan Aivazovsky "View of Constantinople and the Bosphorus Bay"

Ivan Aivazovsky taught at the General Art School-Workshop he created in Feodosia. For the townspeople, Aivazovsky built a gymnasium and library, an archaeological museum and an art gallery in Feodosia. At his insistence, water supply was installed in the city. Thanks to his efforts, a commercial port was built, Railway. In 1881 Aivazovsky. In 1890, a fountain-monument to the “Good Genius” was erected in Feodosia to commemorate the artist’s merits.

Ivan Aivazovsky died on the night of May 2 (April 19, old style) 1900 in Feodosia. He was buried on the territory of the Armenian Church of St. Sergius (Surb Sarkis).

His paintings are kept in many countries around the world, museums and private collections. The largest collection is the Feodosia Art Gallery named after I.K. Aivazovsky, which includes 416 works, of which 141 are paintings, the rest are graphics. In 1930, a monument to him was erected in Feodosia near the artist’s house. In 2003, a monument to Aivazovsky was erected on the Makarovskaya embankment of the sea fortress in the St. Petersburg suburb of Kronstadt.

The artist was married twice. His first wife was governess Julia Grevs, and the family had four daughters. The artist’s second wife was the widow of a Feodosian merchant, Anna Burnazyan (Sarkizova).

The artist's elder brother Gabriel Aivazovsky (1812-1880) was the archbishop of the Georgian-Imereti Armenian diocese, a member of the Etchmiadzin Synod, an orientalist, and a writer.

The material was prepared based on information from RIA Novosti and open sources