What are the benefits of raising quails? Most often such products are sold

In conditions of the economic crisis and the high cost of “entry” into existing business niches, one of the promising areas for organizing your own business is the quail business. This type of activity has a number of undeniable advantages that allow you to achieve a stable profit within several months:

small size starting capital;

quick payback;

ease of bird care;

minimum area of ​​production premises;

low cost necessary equipment;

high consumer quality of products;

low level of competition.

The disadvantages of raising quails as a business include:

relative newness of products for Russian market;

the need for regular care and feeding;

increased labor costs when procuring meat relative to larger poultry.

The production of quail eggs in the Russian Federation does not exceed 400,000 pieces per day, while in Japan, with a comparable population, the daily sales of quail eggs rarely fall below 7,000,000. For most regions, quails remain an exotic curiosity and preference is given to traditional chicken.

Russian consumers are just beginning to get used to the presence of quail eggs and meat on store shelves and on the menus of public catering establishments. This opens up impressive prospects for quail farming as a business, as neighboring countries show a steady increase in interest from buyers.

Material and production base for poultry breeding

You should not immediately set up a large poultry farm to make sure that the quail business is profitable. It is enough for a novice poultry farmer to acquire a flock of up to 500 birds. Quails reach egg-laying age very quickly, from 5 to 8 weeks from the moment of birth. A herd of 500-600 heads can easily be served by one person with a daily workload of no more than 3-4 hours.

Your own business - what you need to breed quails

To start a quail business, a small area is required, since the birds are as compact as possible. One meter, when placing cages in several levels, can contain up to 300 heads. For housing, it is recommended to use a separate room with an area of ​​about 20 m², in which it will be convenient to care for the livestock, store and prepare feed mixtures.

The initial equipment set will consist of cage batteries, containers for storing feed and eggs, and equipment for cutting carcasses. A business plan for breeding quails should include an incubator for hatching chicks and a special container for young animals (brooder).

Business plan: what and how much it costs

The cost of individual equipment and breeding birds may vary depending on the specific region and seasonality. The size of the initial investment depends on whether cages and special containers are purchased ready-made or made independently. An additional expense item may be registration of a legal entity and rental of premises in the absence of its own premises.

Based on the size of the herd of 500 heads, corresponding to the business plan for breeding quail at home, the material costs at the initial stage of organizing a quail business will be:

cell battery - 8-12 thousand rubles. (at the same time, the cost of the material is 2-3 thousand rubles);

purchase of quail stock - 20 thousand rubles. (the cost of quails for breeding is 40 rubles per chick);

food (for the first time) - about 3 thousand rubles;

small-sized incubator - from 7 to 12 thousand rubles;

brooder for young animals - from 3,500 rubles.

If you have the necessary skills and free time, you can make cages for adults and a brooder yourself, which will significantly reduce initial costs.

A business plan for raising quails should take into account the costs of lighting and maintaining the desired temperature, depending on the time of year and electricity tariffs. To more effectively pluck slaughtered poultry, it is recommended to purchase a special centrifuge, since manual processing of small carcasses can be extremely inconvenient.

Income and main expenses in the manufacture of products

One hen, starting from 2 months of age, produces 250-300 eggs per year. After reaching the age of 8-12 months, the productivity of quails decreases and it is recommended to use them for meat. When slaughtered, one quail carcass yields 200-350 g, depending on the breed.

The profitability of a business is determined by the cost of manufactured products and the speed of sales. It is realistic to sell quail eggs at a price of 1.5-2 rubles. per piece, meat - 60-90 rubles. per carcass. The slaughter of poultry can begin at 8-10 weeks, when their growth ends. Meat breeds reach optimal eviscerated carcass weight at 6 weeks.

It is advisable to assess profitability from the 5th month from the date of acquisition of the first livestock. By this time, laying hens have achieved stable productivity, and excess males can be sold for meat. When using an incubator, the number of birds can be increased several times, so for ease of calculations, a business plan for quail with a herd size of 1000 laying hens and 200-250 males is used.

A thousand quails lay approximately 300,000 eggs per year. In addition, you can additionally obtain at least 4,000 meat carcasses for meat with full reproduction of the productive population. Based on this, you can calculate the approximate revenue from industrial quail breeding with the timely sale of poultry farm products:

egg - 450-600 thousand rubles;

meat - 240-360 thousand rubles;

total: 690-960 thousand rubles per year.

Separate items of income may include:

sale of breeding birds over 1 month old;

sale of poultry manure as a highly effective nitrogen-containing fertilizer;

independent production of cages, drinkers and feeders with their subsequent sale.

Various payments as taxes and fees must be deducted from the amount of revenue, subject to registration of a legal entity or individual entrepreneur (if we regard quail breeding as a business focused on the wholesale sale of products).

The main mandatory expenses affecting the profitability of the quail business will be payment for:

poultry feed - 144 thousand rubles;

heating and light - approximately 25 thousand rubles.

A herd of laying hens of 1000 heads can be cared for by 2 people with part-time work. With such a production volume, it is advisable to use the model family business, when profit and salary are essentially the same thing. The involvement of third-party labor is included in the business plan for quail breeding when it becomes justified: when the number of hens increases to 5,000 laying hens or more, and there are reliable sales channels for the products.

Quail breeding - livestock reproduction technology

Quails are unpretentious and capable of keeping as compact as possible. It may seem that raising poultry on an industrial scale is possible even on the balcony of an apartment using boxes and cardboard boxes. This approach is justified only when growing quail as a home business mainly for personal use. An area of ​​a mini-farm that is too small will be physically inconvenient for caring for several hundred birds, and excludes the possibility of expanding the quail business at home.

Growing and feeding

Stable productivity of the quail population requires certain housing conditions and regular monitoring of the condition of the birds. Any farm requires constant human control without days off or vacations. A quail poultry farm as a business requires care, which consists of the following:

maintaining optimal levels of lighting, humidity and air temperature;

creation of conditions for maintenance and reproduction;

ensuring adequate nutrition and availability clean water;

inspection of livestock, culling of birds with suspected disease or aggressive behavior;

timely cleaning of cells;

egg collection and poultry slaughter.

With a flock size of 500-600 individuals, the quail business requires 2-4 hours a day of care, which one person can do very well. For a flock of 1-2 thousand birds, the efforts of two people will be required, for 5 thousand - three or more.

Room

A suitable premises is where you should start your quail business. Quails are kept under moderate lighting of 20-30 lux, which is fully provided by 40 W incandescent lamps. With more intense lighting, the birds behave aggressively and begin to peck each other. Daylight hours should last 16-18 hours. The humidity in the room should be at least 65%; in dry air, quails begin to peck out their feathers.

The temperature regime is maintained within the range from 18 to 24°C, special attention should be paid to avoiding drafts. More resistant to diseases than other poultry, quail are extremely sensitive to air currents with high temperature differences.

Housing cages

On one square meter The cell space can accommodate 50-100 individuals; multi-tiered batteries are usually used. The number of floors depends on the convenience of care. The material used for the cage is profile, galvanized mesh and metal sheets. Wooden materials are inconvenient to clean and quickly deteriorate, facilitating the proliferation of harmful microorganisms.

The height of the cages should not exceed 30 cm so that the bird does not jump, injuring its neck and head. The floor of the cage is sloping so that the laid eggs roll into a special chute. Facilities for food and water are placed outside.

Feed

Finding ready-made feed intended only for quails is quite difficult. Typically, the feed manufacturer specifies this type of poultry when selling universal mixtures. To create an optimal ratio of nutrients and beneficial microelements, you can make food for quail. The business plan will only benefit from this.

To produce feed, crushed grain of wheat, barley and corn is required, so it is advisable to purchase a special crusher. It is better to purchase grain in advance at farmers markets at the time of harvest.

In addition to grain, feed mixtures must contain a source of calcium: bone or fish meal, crushed shells, shells. Fine gravel and sand, necessary for the bird’s digestion, are thrown into the feeders. The taste of the product and the profitability of breeding laying quail for eggs as a business depend on the feed. The composition of the feed can be changed depending on the age category.

For birds from 1 to 4 weeks (as a percentage of the total weight of the mixture):

• wheat – 9.6;
• barley – 7;
• corn – 40;
• bone meal – 3;
• fish meal – 5;
• soybean meal – 30;
• dry return – 3;
• salt – 0.4;
• herbal flour – 1.

For 5-6 weeks of age:

• wheat – 25;
• barley – 7;
• corn – 40.5;
• bone meal – 3;
• fish meal – 5;
• Sunflower meal – 9;
• dry return – 3;
• crushed chalk, ground shell - 1;
• salt – 0.5;
• herbal flour – 1
• wheat bran – 5.

For birds from 7 weeks, including laying birds:

• wheat – 15;
• barley – 7;
• corn – 40;
• sunflower meal – 10;
• soybean meal – 10;
• wheat bran – 5;
• fishmeal – 5;
• crushed chalk, ground shell - 1;
• bone meal – 4;
• herbal flour – 2.4;
• salt – 0.6.

In order to enrich the feed with biologically active substances, you can add special premixes (P1-1, P5-1, P6-1) at a rate of 1:100.

Raising young animals

When kept in compact conditions, the females' instinct to incubate eggs atrophies, so an incubator must be used to hatch new chicks. For fertilization, males are placed in cages at the rate of 2-5 per 10 females. The age of birds most suitable for breeding is 2-7 months.

Before being placed in the incubator, eggs with visible damage, non-standard shapes, sizes and colors are rejected. It is recommended to check the contents of eggs with an ovoscope to select eggs with double yolks, cloudy contents and other defects.

The incubator must maintain a certain temperature and humidity level:

12 days – 37.7°C and 55-60%;

from 12 to 15 days inclusive – 37.2°C and 55%;

from day 16 – 37°C and 70%.

During the first day, the brood should be carefully protected from drafts. The temperature in a special container (brooder cage) should be maintained between 35-37°C during the first week. Then the temperature gradually decreases to 30-32°C during the second week and to 24-26°C during the third. Afterwards, the young animals can be placed in cages with adults.

Breeding quails for meat or eggs, which business should you choose?

There are breeds specifically designed both for breeding for meat and for increased egg production. Paradoxically, it is not always advisable to breed only meat breeds.

This applies to the sale of carcasses to catering establishments. A standard portion of poultry meat rarely exceeds 200 g, while the weight of a meat quail carcass is 300 g. It is not profitable for a restaurant or cafe to cut up a carcass, so they are more willing to purchase meat from smaller egg-bearing breeds.

Breeding meat breeds is economically profitable with established sales to retail chains or poultry farms that want to expand the range of products without changing production technology. In these cases, the profit from the sale of quail meat will be significantly lower, because the buyer has to take into account his profit margins from subsequent resale.

It seems most rational to breed not very small egg-bearing breeds and make efforts to sell both eggs and quail meat. The business, in any case, is that laying hens produce eggs, and the birds have to be slaughtered before the age of 1 year, and the resulting eggs and meat need to be put somewhere.

Sales of finished products

Any production constantly faces the problem of selling products. There is no doubt about the ability of quails to consistently produce eggs and meat, but finding a market in modern Russian realities may take quite a lot of time.

Leaders of farms that have already achieved significant results in quail breeding advise starting with word of mouth.

On initial stages To implement your business plan, you should try offering quail eggs and meat to your friends and relatives. From them, information can go further, subject to setting a price favorable to buyers. This distribution channel cannot be considered truly reliable, but it will help you make a profit while working with other potential buyers, such as wholesale and retail chains and restaurants.

You should not seriously rely on small stores that do not have a developed network. Low purchasing power and insufficient customer traffic will not allow reaching any significant volumes. In this case, you will need to spend your own money on delivery and packaging of products.

When promoting products to retail chains and catering establishments, obvious advantages should be conveyed to potential buyers. 100 g of quail eggs, with comparable volumes of useful microelements, proteins and fats, contain half as much carbohydrates and several times less cholesterol. This makes quail breeding products more useful and suitable for dietary nutrition. In addition, the valuable properties of quail eggs make it possible to remove radionuclides from the human body.

Sale of quail meat and eggs to poultry farms

Establishing connections with large suppliers of farm products in the region can be considered quite reliable. In this case, you will have to give up part of the profit, but the farm will be spared the need to obtain most of the permitting documentation. In addition, wholesalers are freed from having to worry about distribution channels.

Large producers of poultry products, as a rule, are interested in expanding their own range for their counterparties, but often do not have the opportunity to create an additional production chain. When working with wholesalers who undertake work with the end consumer, it is necessary to constantly maintain stable supplies in the required volumes.

In some countries, quail meat is considered medicinal, but even if this is not true, it is dietary and valuable in terms of taste. It is clear that quail breeding as a business is very profitable, it pays off quickly, the farms are small in size, and starting a business does not require large start-up capital.

Where to start a quail business?

It is recommended to start raising poultry with a population of no more than 700 birds, since quails are very prolific, and the chicks quickly grow into adults. In about a year, your livestock will increase tenfold, and the profitability of your business will increase. To get started, you will need about 10 thousand dollars, which will be justified in a few months.

When drawing up a business plan, you need to consider the following points in detail:

• expenses for equipment of a new farm and further maintenance of poultry;
• planned profit;
• product sales system;
• possible risks;
• legal registration of business;
• other questions.

Even if you have some experience in quail breeding, the main difficulty in this business is not technical issues, but the ability to communicate with potential clients, convince them, work with contractors and establish the necessary connections.

The main issue in any business is making a profit, so the issue of marketing poultry meat and eggs becomes decisive when running a business. Therefore, the first question that arises in the planning process is how many retail outlets can you attract cooperation? To increase their number, you will have to hold preliminary meetings with the owners of restaurants, shops, cafes and eateries. During the negotiations, it will become clear whether this niche is occupied by other manufacturers, what are the prospects for supplies, etc.

The main costs initially fall on the purchase of adult quails and the necessary equipment. In addition, the poultry population has to be periodically renewed, since the productivity of a one-year-old animal is halved. To increase the quantity, eggs are taken from females aged from two to ten months, and from older individuals they are used as a food product. Quails at the age of one year are slaughtered for meat.

It should be noted that trade in raised young animals is no less profitable than the sale of meat and eggs, since new farms are constantly springing up in the country, which supports the demand for chicks.

Quail farm premises

You should start raising individuals by building a small room for them, the location of which does not play a special role. The main thing is that it is a quiet place and that the bird house meets the basic requirements put forward to it. Optimal temperature indoors - +18°C, air humidity - 65-70% during the entire period of detention. Sudden and significant changes in these indicators should not be allowed, as this can lead to a decrease in quail egg production, diseases and mortality. It is necessary to ensure a stable influx fresh air, since they are very demanding in this regard, although at the same time they do not tolerate drafts. Optimal parameters - per 1 kg of bird weight, at least 5 cubic meters are required in summer. meters of fresh air, in winter - 2 cubic meters. meters. Its supply can be ensured using an air conditioner, and the required temperature in winter can be achieved by installing an electric heater with a thermostat.

Bright light in the room is not necessary - birds do not like it, so a brightness of 35 lux and 16-18 hours of lighting per day is sufficient. Lamps with a brightness of up to 20 lux are installed above the feeders and we should not forget that from bright light quails become aggressive. Parameter stability is monitored using appropriate instruments.

When breeding the most popular breed - Japanese quails, up to 120 birds are housed per square meter, and the height of the cages should not exceed 30 cm. The cages are installed in several tiers (up to five), taking into account ease of maintenance. It turns out that up to six hundred quails can be accommodated on one square meter of area. Although in practice this number is somewhat less, since maintenance personnel need to constantly monitor their condition and promptly remove dead individuals.

A separate expense item required for raising quails is the purchase of a diesel or gasoline generator, which is designed to prevent freezing or suffocation of the bird during possible power outages. The generator must be equipped with an automatic start system; when the lights go out, its task is to maintain the operation of the electric heater and air conditioner.

The quail business requires the presence of high-quality incubators. Homemade devices for incubation cannot be used, as they are not able to provide the required quality and reliability of the process.

To obtain eggs, birds are placed in cages at the rate of one male for two or four females. Young individuals up to eight months old are used for breeding.

Farms widely use artificial incubation of eggs, for which non-standard eggs that meet the requirements for size, color and shell thickness are removed. After this, an inspection is performed using an ovoscope, in which eggs that are cloudy or have a double yolk, as well as other defects, are rejected.

To ensure successful cultivation, the incubator maintains temperature and humidity within the following parameters:

• The first 12 days - temperature 37.2°C, humidity 60%;
• from 12 to 15 days - 37.2°C and 55%;
• from the 16th day - 37.0°C and 70%.

In the first days of life, young animals are given increased attention, since even a small draft or temperature jump can kill them. The temperature in the cage in the first week of life of the chicks should not be lower than +35-37°C, in the second week it drops to +32°C, in the third to +26°C. Next, the grown chicks are moved to cages for adult birds.

Feeding quails

On average, one Japanese quail eats up to 30 grams of food daily. So, with a total quantity of a thousand heads, up to 30 kilograms are consumed daily, for which it is necessary to create a sufficient supply of feed on the farm and ensure its purchase on time.

The feed must be of high quality, balanced, with a set of necessary vitamins and microelements in order to maintain high egg production. In summer, birds should be fed fresh grass and root vegetables (cut) daily. In winter, the lack of vitamins is compensated for by sprouted oats or wheat, and wet food is diluted with fish or bone meal. Periodically, crushed shells, chalk, and fine gravel are added to the feeders, without which the bird’s egg production is significantly reduced. They are fed at the same time. Violation of this rule can lead to stress in the birds.

Sales of quail meat and eggs

The last stage of the quail breeding business is the sale of meat, eggs and young animals, and this is the main problem for the farmer. Despite the not very strong competition in this segment, it is quite difficult to find serious buyers for these products, which is due to the fact that consumers have not yet created a stable habit of consuming quail meat and eggs, unlike chicken. Big role Poor product advertising also plays a role, since the main suppliers are private entrepreneurs who do not have sufficient funds to organize advertising campaigns.

The first buyers most often become friends and relatives of the entrepreneur, but this is a limited sale that quickly fades away as buyers quickly lose interest in the product. Therefore, when raising a flock of several thousand quails, you should look for serious channels for selling your products. Agreements with small grocery stores are also not very promising, since their order volumes are small.

Very profitable contracts for the supply of eggs are concluded with large supermarkets, although it is very difficult to achieve such an agreement. To do this, you will have to convince the store administration that in you they will find the most profitable and reliable supplier of products. You will also need to obtain a number of permitting documents that will confirm the quality of your product and its sanitary safety.

When drawing up a business plan for opening a quail breeding farm, you need to take into account all the little things and nuances that affect profitability and profitability. For example, in the second year of life, females’ egg production drops sharply, so adult birds are slaughtered for meat. Another expense item that is invisible at first is that to speed up the processing of carcasses you will have to purchase a centrifuge for removing feathers.

As for the service staff, it makes sense to make quail breeding a family affair, since two people can easily handle a flock of 1,200 birds.

Quail breeding as a business receives mostly favorable reviews, since producers who have found distribution channels have a good income. But we must not forget that this type of activity is associated with constant care of the poultry, the absence of weekends and vacations, and endless worries about selling products. Therefore, before you start breeding quails, you need to assess your capabilities and willingness to give everything to the business. free time. The profitability of your future business primarily depends on this.

Quail breeding in rural areas can be in a good way income for the family. Unpretentious birds feel great in different climatic zones. They continue to lay eggs and reproduce under the most normal conditions. A competent approach and knowledge of the intricacies of the quail breeding business guarantees a stable income.

Quail farming has a number of advantages. The meat of these birds has excellent taste, which is appreciated by consumers. Positive reviews about the beneficial properties of quail eggs are confirmed by high demand.

Females begin laying eggs early, at the age of 1–2 months, and remain productive for up to one year. After this period ends, one-year-old birds are sold for meat. The short production cycle allows you to get your first income fairly quickly.

Conditions for raising birds

Small quails do not require a wide space for breeding. The necessary conditions for keeping 30 birds:

1. A clean, ventilated room with an area of ​​5–10 square meters. meters;
2. Air temperature 18–22 degrees C;
3. Correct diet.

The first step to starting a quail business is to purchase special cages. The size of such cells is from 0.8 to 1 meter in width and about 30 cm in height. This area can accommodate from 50 to 80 individuals. To save space, it is recommended to create tiers of 4 cells, which will allow you to contain up to 320 heads per square meter.

Cage batteries should be designed in such a way that it is convenient to care for birds, remove droppings and maintain cleanliness. In addition, they must be equipped with drinking bowls and feeders.

Breeding quails at home requires the purchase of additional equipment. In an artificial environment, females lose the ability to hatch eggs, so an incubator will be required to hatch young animals. The costs of its acquisition depend on the capacity and functional features. On average, the cost ranges from 3 to 7 thousand rubles. Professional incubators with a capacity of up to 3,000 eggs will cost the farm owner about 80 thousand rubles.

After the quails hatch, they are moved to a special cabinet - a brooder, where the required temperature and light are maintained.

Particular attention should be paid to the lighting in the room where the birds will be kept. Installed in The light bulbs in the room must be at least 35 lux. Additionally, 20 lux lamps are mounted above the trays with food. Exceeding the brightness of the light will cause the birds to become aggressive.

Quail farming as a business requires intensive manual labor. One person can serve up to 600 heads daily.

Before deciding whether it is profitable or not to keep quails, you need to calculate the cost of feed. Stores sell ready-made mixtures that are used to feed chickens, but it will be more economical to make your own mixture from grain crops:

1. Wheat from 25 to 30%;
2. Corn 25%;
3. Barley and grain of other crops 5% each;
4. Food additives up to 5%.

Birds of each age require different portions:

When starting a home business, the owner must know which breeds of quail are most profitable to breed. Some species are not suitable as a source of income and are decorative. The main breeds used for breeding are:

• Japanese quail;
• Pharaoh;
• Estonian quail;
• French breed.

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Business plan for quail breeding

Calculations for opening a quail business for 600 individuals will be approximately as follows:

1. Rented premises area 20 sq.m. 12–15 thousand rubles (this expense item is removed if you have your own premises in the household plot);
2. Purchase of young quails 20–25 thousand;
3. Purchase of equipment (cages, incubator, brooder) 30 thousand rubles;
4. Feed costs are 3–5 thousand rubles.

The starting capital that will be required at the initial stage will be 65–75 thousand rubles.

Monthly maintenance costs household consist of utilities, transportation of finished products, and purchase of feed. The average amount of fixed costs is about 15,000 rubles.

Profitability will help determine whether it is profitable to keep a quail farm. To correctly assess profitability, it is necessary to divide revenue into three options for selling products: eggs, meat, live poultry.

Proceeds from the sale of eggs

The average female can lay an average of up to 20 eggs per month. Some of them should be set aside for
increase in bird heads, about 1/3. The cost of a quail egg on the market is 5 rubles. The ratio of females to males on the farm of 600 animals is 50% to 50%. Every month one female eats 900 grams of grain worth 20 rubles.

• Amount of income: 300 females * 20 eggs * 5 rubles = 30,000
• Feed costs: 300 females * 20 rubles = 6000

Sale of meat

The average weight of a quail carcass is 250 grams. The average cost of quail meat on the market is 100 rubles. Up to 100 carcasses are sold monthly.

100 rubles*100 pieces = 10000

Sale of live birds

Additional income can come from the sale of young or grown quail. The cost of one bird is 80 rubles; up to 50 birds can be sold monthly.

50 birds*80 rubles=4000

Profit and payback

Financial calculations show how much you can earn from quail business. Proceeds from the sale of eggs, meat and live poultry will amount to 44,000 rubles. The amount of fixed maintenance costs is 15,000 rubles. Thus, monthly earnings from 600 heads will be 29,000 rubles. The return on investment will occur within 3–4 months.

* The calculations use average data for Russia

300,000 ₽

Minimum starting capital

50-100%

Profitability

3-5 months

Payback

20 sq. m.

Minimum area

The business associated with quail breeding is characterized by high profitability and quick payback. Within this business, two main areas can be distinguished. The first includes the direct raising of laying hens, each of which can lay up to three hundred eggs per year (an average of two hundred and fifty), and the second includes the production of dietary quail meat.

As a rule, both of these areas are combined within the same farm. Quail meat is rich in easily digestible protein, has good antioxidant properties and high taste. Despite all the advantages, with stable demand, competition in this area is not yet very high, which opens up great opportunities for beginning farmers.

The minimum number of birds from which you can count on sufficient income from business if there is a market is 500-600 birds. Quails are highly fertile and grow quickly, which makes it possible to increase their population by 8-10 times in just one year. Quail begins to lay eggs at the age of 30-40 days. With 600 birds you can get up to 1800 eggs per year. Placing a quail farm does not require large areas.

To save space, cages with quails are usually arranged in several tiers, which allows up to 200 birds to be placed on one square meter of the poultry house. The profitability of quail egg production is estimated at 50-100%, and the profitability of meat production is two to three times lower (on average 25%). Due to the short production cycle (2-3 months), the payback on such a project is much lower than in the industry as a whole. Experts estimate it within six months.

Legal nuances of the quail business

If you are going to sell products (in our case, eggs and carcasses) produced on the lands of personal subsidiary plots (LPH), then you need to take into account the fact that the sale of products produced on such lands does not relate to entrepreneurial activity. According to the law, private household plots are a form of non-entrepreneurial activity related to the production and processing of agricultural products. Private household plots are run by a citizen and his family members in order to satisfy their personal needs on their own land plot. Accordingly, agricultural products grown while running private household plots are the property of a citizen running a personal subsidiary plot, and the sale of agricultural products by citizens running private plots is not a business activity.

If you still intend to sell the products you produce (or rather, their surplus), then you will need to obtain a document from the local administration about the presence of private household plots. Submit a document issued by the local government to the boards of the gardening partnership. This paper confirms that the products sold were produced on a plot of land owned by the taxpayer or members of his family, and used for private household plots, gardening, vegetable gardening or summer cottage construction. In addition, you will need to register your private household plot, which is kept in household books based on information provided by citizens on a voluntary basis.

The household book contains basic information about the private household plot: last name, first name and patronymic, as well as the date of birth of the owner of the land plot, full names of all family members living with him, the number of available farm birds (in our case), the area of ​​the land plot occupied by crops or plantings , agricultural machinery and vehicles that you own or have other rights to. After receiving this document, you will need to invite a commission consisting of veterinarians to draw up an inspection report. If the inspection results are positive, you will receive an inspection report, after which your farm will be assigned to one veterinarian.

Ready ideas for your business

It is from him that you will receive veterinary certificates in the established form for the sale of products through trade organizations. In addition, the veterinary service will issue you a veterinary certificate, on the basis of which you will subsequently receive certificates of form No. 2.

Please note: if you intend to sell your products as an individual entrepreneur, then the algorithm will be approximately the same, with only one difference. You will need to pay additional taxes and will receive a certificate of conformity for your products certifying their quality. Unlike individual entrepreneurs, private household plots sell surplus products initially received for their own needs. In this case, individual entrepreneurs are intended for the sale of agricultural products originally produced for sale. That is why private household plots can sell their products only in markets and catering establishments, but for individual entrepreneurs there are no such restrictions.

Poultry house equipment

To keep quails you will need a dry, warm room. Its area depends on your capabilities and planned volumes. So, on an area of ​​about 20 sq. meters, when placing cages on several floors, up to a thousand birds can be kept (although a population of 600 individuals will be located with greater comfort). In general, quails are quite easy to care for and are not demanding on living conditions. For their normal development, it is enough to follow simple rules. Firstly, you will need to ensure a constant temperature in the poultry house between 18-22°C. In the southern regions, it is recommended to use air conditioners in the summer. Try to exclude any possibility of temperature changes or sudden changes in temperature, otherwise this can cause stress in the bird, lead to the development of diseases and even death.

In addition, in the room where quails are kept, it is also necessary to maintain an optimal humidity level - 65-70%. It should be well ventilated, but drafts should not be allowed to form. It is better to make the lighting dim and adjustable. Finally, since any loud sudden noise can cause stress in the bird, which in turn leads to the fact that it begins to gain weight poorly and stops laying eggs, it is necessary to ensure good sound insulation in the poultry house. You should not locate a quail farm near various manufacturing enterprises or construction projects.

When planning a poultry house with an area of ​​15-20 square meters. meters, divide it into several separate rooms. A minimum of 4 “sectors” will be required: for keeping adult birds and a brooder room for young birds, a room for placing incubators, for storing and preparing feed mixtures. These rooms can be separated by light walls made of chipboard, plasterboard, or even cellular batteries of six cells. Adult birds are kept in cages equipped with feeders and drinkers. The floor in such a cage is made at a slight slope, which facilitates the process of collecting eggs.

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One battery of six cages, which can accommodate about 250 individuals, will cost about 3,000 rubles. If you have the time and skills, you can save on this expense and make your own birdcages from sheets of plywood, metal, reinforcement and galvanized welded mesh. The cost of the battery in this case will be 1.5-2 times less. According to experienced quail breeders, to make one cage that can hold up to twenty birds, you will need 1 square meter. meter of galvanized mesh, and for one cage battery per hundred birds - approximately 1.5 square meters. meter of metal sheet, 0.7 sq. meters of plywood, 4.5 sq. meter of galvanized mesh. For cages per thousand birds, up to 50 square meters will be required. meters of mesh, 6-7 sq. meters of plywood and 16 sq. meters of metal sheet.

For raising young birds, as a rule, ordinary wooden or plywood boxes of standard sizes 65x65x25 cm are used. Boxes can also be made with your own hands. Additional costs include equipping such pens with special lamps for heating and lighting, which help create optimal temperature and light conditions.

The main disadvantage of quails is their lack of the instinct to hatch eggs as a result of domestication. Therefore, to breed them you will need an incubator that maintains a temperature of 37 to 39°C. Like cells, an incubator can be made independently, to order, or purchased in a store. Drawings for building an incubator can be found on specialized websites on the Internet. The cost of this equipment can range from 1,000 to 15,000 rubles. Such a wide range of prices is explained by the features of a particular model. Larger incubators with additional functions and capabilities (for example, temperature and humidity control devices, a device for automatically turning eggs ten times a day, etc.) will accordingly cost more. Good models can be found for 5,000 rubles.

Additional equipment includes a feather removal machine for plucking feathers from the carcass. Of course, this can be done manually, however, with large volumes of meat production, this operation will take a lot of effort and time. Feather removal machines help to significantly improve product quality and appearance, since when they are used, the skin of the bird is not damaged during plucking. The feather removal process is as follows. Bird carcasses are placed in a drum. When rotating, they hit the punching fingers and lose feathers (at the same time, the quality of processing is quite high - automated equipment allows you to remove up to 95% of feathers). The water entering the drum washes the removed feathers and fluff into the tray. The cleaning time for carcasses per load is several minutes. In an hour, a low-power machine can process about a hundred carcasses. The cost of such equipment is 7500-10000 rubles.

Feeding and caring for quails

Quails grow quite quickly: the weight of newly hatched quails does not exceed 6 grams, but by the end of the first month it increases 15 times! After 2-3 months they gain sufficient body weight and begin to lay eggs. However, this is only possible with proper care of the bird and proper organization of its feeding. An adult quail eats about 30 grams of food per day. However, experts advise planning daily feed consumption in the amount of 35 kg of feed per 1000 birds. Feed can be purchased ready-made or you can mix feed mixtures yourself. Ready-made feeds for quails, which have a more intense biochemical metabolism than other poultry, are dry or moistened mixtures of crushed cereals (corn, wheat, barley, millet), which contain all the necessary vitamins and minerals, soybean or sunflower meal, chalk, premix, etc.

The diet of quails that lay eggs should also contain feed based on animal products - fish or meat and bone meal, milk powder. Mealworms, earthworms and various insects can also be used to fill the shortage of animal feed.

Experienced farmers prefer to prepare feed mixtures themselves rather than purchasing ready-made feed, which may require a grain crusher and/or grass cutter (the cost of such specialized equipment is 3,500-5,000 rubles). All feed must first be thoroughly chopped and then mixed.

Feed for quails may also consist of the following components (as a percentage of the total weight of the feed): yellow corn - 20, millet - 15.7, wheat - 19, sunflower cake - 4.9, milk powder - 4, meat and bone meal - 12, fish meal – 12, dry yeast – 6, herbal flour – 3, ground shell – 2, table salt – 0.3, mineral additive – 0.5. 100 g of such feed contains 22.6% dry proteins, 2% calcium, 1.6% phosphorus and 0.6% sodium. An adult bird is given food 2-3 times a day at the same time. In winter, quails are fed with sprouted greens of millet, onions, oats and wheat, and in summer they are given unlimited quantities of leaves of cabbage, beets, alfalfa, nettles, lettuce, spinach and clover. Exact recipe feed mixture (composition and proportions of ingredients) depends on the feed supply of the region where the farm is located, and, as a rule, is compiled independently by each farmer.

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The cost of feeding birds depends on several conditions, but primarily on the region and ingredients. Fattening of quails for meat begins when they reach 30 days of age. For such fattening, special feed for broilers is used (80% of the total feed) plus boiled peas (20%). Good performance can be achieved by increasing the content of corn and feed fat in the poultry diet. But under no circumstances should birds be suddenly switched to a fattening diet, otherwise this may lead to illness or death of the quail.

This transition is carried out over three to four days, replacing part of the old diet with a new one. For example, on the first day they give a little more than half of the old food, and the rest - new food. Over the next three days, the percentage of the usual food is constantly reduced. Quail meat is fattened for about a month. At the same time, for the first three weeks, dim lighting is maintained in the cages of the fattened young animals around the clock.

Subsequently, females and males are kept separately. The cages of females are illuminated intermittently: for one hour of light - two hours of darkness, and in males the daylight hours are reduced to eight hours. In well-fed birds, a layer of subcutaneous fat is visible on the chest. Their weight reaches 200 grams in two months (for comparison, egg-laying quails at the same age weigh no more than 130 grams).

It will take two to three people to care for a flock of 600 birds. At first, you can take on these functions, and then, as your income grows, you can hire assistants who will feed the birds, care for them, clean the cages, collect eggs, and monitor the optimal conditions for keeping the quails.

Sales of products

Quail carcasses are sold through markets, supermarkets, as well as to restaurants and cafes, kindergartens, schools, sanatoriums, tourist centers, etc. A quail carcass retails for 80-90 rubles. Quail eggs cost from 2 rubles per piece, depending on the region. An additional source of income for such farms is the sale of quail up to one week old at a cost of up to 25-30 rubles per head and at a month of age at a cost of 40-45 rubles.

The primary costs for setting up such a farm for 600-700 heads amount to up to 300 thousand rubles, taking into account all costs, including equipment. The payback period in this case is, as mentioned above, 4-6 months, due to the high fertility of birds.

Many farmers who do not have sufficient capital in the amount of 250-300 thousand rubles to organize industrial production begin by purchasing a small number of quails, followed by breeding and growing them. They gradually increase the required number of livestock, which can take up to six months. This is a good option for a small farm, but it is worth taking into account the fact that the payback period for such a project will be significantly higher (up to a year), and the profit, accordingly, will be lower.

As a rule, experienced farmers who do not have large start-up capital practice the following scheme. They buy several hundred hens under the age of two months, since they cost half as much as adult laying hens, as well as several dozen cockerels under the age of one month (about 15-20 hens per male). The birds are then raised to the required age. In this case, groups are first formed to lay eggs for incubation.

It is best to initially establish sales of eggs, since they can be obtained in the first two months of the farm’s existence. First, you can sell them to acquaintances and friends, and then develop new markets. It is advisable to purchase incubators at the very beginning of the farm’s existence, which will increase the profitability of your business. Thus, you can start with a population of 300-400 birds, and then within a short period of time (about six months) increase it to more than 1000 units, not counting the young animals and eggs kept in the incubator.

It is best to sell eggs and carcasses through retail chains. This will require additional packaging costs, but it's worth it.

To increase profitability, many poultry farms try to use every opportunity. For example, large poultry farming enterprises even sell quail droppings, which is an excellent natural fertilizer purchased by both individual private households and large farms.

Another source of income is the sale of educational materials and even full courses on quail breeding. If you know how to do something well, then why not make money on your knowledge and experience? To do this, you can create your own website on the Internet (the minimum cost is 1,500 rubles). Prepare detailed text and video materials and sell them for the price of a printed book (500 - 1000 rubles).

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