How to organize a business for breeding bulls for meat? Total costs and profits. Livestock farming in Russian regions

At the end of 2015, livestock farming in Russia provided 47.7% of all agricultural products produced in value terms. Accordingly, 52.3% fell on the Russian crop production industry.

The volume of livestock products produced in all categories of farms (the commercial sector, which includes agricultural organizations and peasant farms, and the non-commercial sector - household farms) in Russia in 2015 in value terms is 2,400.4 billion rubles. Compared to 2014, the cost of livestock products increased by 14.5% or 303.8 billion rubles. Over 5 years it grew by 71.9% or by 1004.1 billion rubles. Over 10 years - by 237.5% or 1689.2 billion rubles.

Sustainable development of livestock farming in Russia is carried out mainly through the industrial (commercial) sector. The total volume of livestock products produced by agricultural organizations and farms in the Russian Federation increased compared to 2014 in actual prices by 18.0% or by 227.6 billion rubles. and reached 1,491.8 billion rubles in 2015. Compared to 2010, the growth was already 107.8% or 773.9 billion rubles, by 2005 - 336.8% or 1,150.3 billion rubles.

In households, the cost of production in 2015 increased compared to 2014 by 9.2% or by 76.2 billion rubles. and reached 908.6 billion rubles, by 2010 - by 33.9% or by 230.2 billion rubles, by 2005 - by 145.8% or by 538.9 billion rubles.

Important! The dynamics of Russian livestock production are presented here in actual prices. When converting the indicators into prices for the reporting year, taking into account the annual inflation rate, there is no consistent upward trend in some years.

Livestock farming in Russian regions

The largest livestock-raising region in Russia is the Belgorod region. The region’s share in the total value of livestock products produced in the Russian Federation is 6.4% (products produced amounted to 154.3 billion rubles).

The Republic of Tatarstan is in second place - 109.0 billion rubles. (4.5% of the all-Russian value of livestock products produced).

Third place is occupied by the Krasnodar Territory with a share of the total value of 3.8% (RUB 91.1 billion).

The Republic of Bashkortostan is in fourth place in the ranking - 84.5 billion rubles (3.5% of the all-Russian value of livestock products in 2015).

The Chelyabinsk region with its share of 3.2% (76.4 billion rubles) closes the top five livestock-raising regions in 2015. This is more than in 2014 by 20.5% or 13.0 billion rubles.

The TOP 20 livestock-raising regions of the Russian Federation also included: Rostov region (cost of livestock products - 74.2 billion rubles, share in the total cost - 3.1%), Voronezh region(69.0 billion rubles, 2.9%), Leningrad region (68.8 billion rubles, 2.9%), Altai region(68.0 billion rubles, 2.8%), Stavropol Territory (55.9 billion rubles, 2.3%), Orenburg region (55.6 billion rubles, 2.3%), Republic of Dagestan (54.9 billion RUB, 2.3%), Novosibirsk region (RUB 50.1 billion, 2.1%), Krasnoyarsk region(50.0 billion rubles, 2.1%), Kursk region (48.0 billion rubles, 2.0%), Sverdlovsk region (47.1 billion rubles, 2.0%), Bryansk region (47.1 billion rub, 2.0%), Moscow region including the territories of New Moscow (45.6 billion rubles, 1.9%), Omsk region (45.0 billion rubles, 1.9%), Tambov region (43.4 billion rubles , 1.8%).

The TOP 20 regions accounted for 55.7% of the total value of all livestock products in Russia in 2015, the TOP 30 regions accounted for 71.2%.

Livestock

The number of cattle in Russia as of October 1, 2016 on farms of all categories totaled 19,456.1 thousand heads. Including, the number of cows totaled 8,322.4 thousand heads. Compared to October 1, 2015, the cattle population decreased by 1.8% or by 358.3 thousand heads. The number of cows decreased by 1.9% or 161.0 thousand heads.

The number of pigs in Russia in farms of all categories as of October 1, 2016 totaled 23,256.8 thousand heads. The growth of the livestock for the year was 4.5% (1,003.0 thousand heads).

The number of sheep and goats in farms of all categories over the year decreased by 1.3% or by 341.3 thousand heads to 26,159.5 thousand heads.

Cattle breeding in Russia in 2016

Number of cattle (cattle) in 2016

The total number of cattle (dairy, beef, meat and dairy breeds) in Russia as of October 1, 2016 on farms of all categories totaled 19,456.1 thousand heads. Including, the number of cows amounted to 8,322.4 thousand heads. Compared to October 1, 2015, the livestock population decreased by 1.8% or by 358.3 thousand heads, by October 1, 2014 - by 3.7% or by 751.1 thousand heads, by October 1, 2013 - by 5.1% or by 1042.0 thousand heads.

The main part of the cattle herd in Russia is cattle of dairy and dairy-meat breeds. The overall reduction in the number of livestock over a number of years is due to this category of cattle. Compared to 2001, as a result of optimizing production efficiency (culling low-yielding cows), it decreased by 29.0%. At the same time, as a result of the increase in milk yield per cow, milk production in the country is relatively stable (in the period from 2001 to 2015 it fluctuates between 31-33 million tons).

At the same time, there has been a significant increase in the number of beef cattle.

The structure of the cattle population as of October 1, 2016 was distributed as follows: 43.5% belonged to agricultural organizations, 12.4% to peasant farms, 44.1% to household households.

Number of cattle (cattle) in 2016 by region

The region with the largest cattle population (total number of dairy and beef cattle, including cows) as of October 1, 2016 is the Republic of Bashkortostan (1120.1 thousand heads). The republic's share in the total cattle population in Russia was 5.8%. Compared to the same date in 2015, the cattle population here decreased by 8.8% or by 108.5 thousand heads.

In second place is the Republic of Tatarstan with a livestock of 1030.6 thousand heads (5.3% of the all-Russian livestock). Compared to October 1, 2015, the reduction in livestock was 0.8% or 8.4 thousand heads.

The third place is occupied by the Republic of Dagestan with a share of the total livestock of 5.2% (1007.5 thousand heads). In this region, there is an increase in the number of livestock - by 0.9% or 9.3 thousand heads over the year.

The Altai Territory is in 4th place in the Russian Federation in terms of cattle population as of October 1, 2016 (820.1 thousand heads). The share in the entire cattle population was 4.2%. Over the year, the livestock decreased by 2.7% or 22.7 thousand heads.

In the Rostov region, with a livestock of 601.0 thousand heads, the share in the all-Russian livestock was 3.1%. Compared to October 1, 2015, the livestock decreased by 1.8% or 11.1 thousand heads.

6. Orenburg region - 577.0 thousand heads, share in the total cattle population in Russia - 3.0%.

7. Krasnodar region - 541.3 thousand heads, 2.8%.

8. Republic of Kalmykia - 523.0 thousand heads, 2.7%.

9. Trans-Baikal Territory - 485.4 thousand heads, 2.5%.

10. Novosibirsk region - 483.3 thousand heads, 2.5%.

11. Voronezh region - 464.1 thousand heads, 2.4%.

12. Bryansk region - 463.4 thousand heads, 2.4%.

13. Omsk region - 434.0 thousand heads, 2.2%.

14. Krasnoyarsk Territory - 432.6 thousand heads, 2.2%.

15. Saratov region- 430.3 thousand heads, 2.2%.

16. Republic of Buryatia - 415.3 thousand heads, 2.1%.

17. Stavropol Territory - 382.8 thousand heads, 2.0%.

18. Udmurt republic- 350.2 thousand heads, 1.8%.

19. Chelyabinsk region - 346.5 thousand heads, 1.8%.

20. Irkutsk region - 315.6 thousand heads, 1.6%.

As of October 1, 2016, the cattle population in farms of all categories in regions not included in the TOP 20 totaled 8,232.1 thousand heads (42.3% of the total cattle population in Russia).

Beef production in Russia (total, both from dairy and beef cattle) in January-September 2016, according to AB-Center calculations, amounted to 953.0 thousand tons in terms of slaughter weight (1,677.2 thousand tons in live weight according to Rosstat).

Compared to January-September 2015, beef production decreased by 1.3% (by 12.2 thousand tons in slaughter weight). Over two years, compared to January-September 2014, the decrease was 2.9% (28.4 thousand tons in slaughter weight); over 3 years, beef production in the Russian Federation decreased by 1.0% (by 9.2 thousand . tons).

An increase in production is observed only in peasant farms, where in January-September 2016 they produced 80.6 thousand tons of beef in slaughter weight. Over the past 3 years, by January-September 2013, the increase in beef production here amounted to 33.4% (20.0 thousand tons).

In agricultural organizations over 3 years, production volume decreased by 0.1% (0.2 thousand tons), in households - by 5.5% (29.1 thousand tons).

In the structure of beef production in January-September 2016, 39.5% came from agricultural organizations, about 52.1% from households, 8.5% from peasant farms.

In recent years, there has been a decline not only in beef production, but also in the import of this type of meat into the Russian Federation, as a result of which its consumption is falling.

Beef production in 2016 by region

Important! Data on beef production by region of Russia are presented in terms of carcass weight.

The main producer of beef in Russia in January-September 2016 is the Republic of Bashkortostan. During this period, its share in total volume beef production in the Russian Federation reached 7.1% (67.9 thousand tons). Compared to January-September 2015, the volume decreased by 13.1% or 10.2 thousand tons.

In second place in terms of beef production in January-September 2016 is the Republic of Tatarstan with a share of 5.5% (52.7 thousand tons in slaughter weight). In the republic, production volumes compared to the same period in 2015 increased by 5.3% or 2.6 thousand tons.

The Rostov region ranks third in beef production in January-September 2016 - 41.4 thousand tons (4.3% of total production). There is also an increase of 5.2% or 2.0 thousand tons.

In January-September 2016, the Altai Territory produced 40.8 thousand tons of beef in slaughter weight, which is 3.9% or 1.6 thousand tons less than in the same period in 2015. The share of the Altai Territory in all-Russian beef production in 2016 was 4.3% (4th place in the Russian Federation).

In the Krasnodar Territory in January-September 2016, 40.2 thousand tons of beef were produced (4.2% of total production, 5th place in the Russian Federation). The growth compared to January-September 2015 was 2.1% or 0.8 thousand tons.

In addition to these regions in TOP 20 beef producing regions

6. Voronezh region (production volume - 38.8 thousand tons in slaughter weight, share in total beef production - 4.1%).

7. Republic of Dagestan (27.6 thousand tons, 2.9%).

8. Saratov region (26.7 thousand tons, 2.8%).

9. Volgograd region(26.4 thousand tons, 2.8%).

10. Bryansk region (24.0 thousand tons, 2.5%).

11. Stavropol Territory (23.7 thousand tons, 2.5%).

12. Novosibirsk region (21.5 thousand tons, 2.3%).

13. Orenburg region (21.4 thousand tons, 2.2%).

14. Krasnoyarsk Territory (21.1 thousand tons, 2.2%).

15. Omsk region (19.7 thousand tons, 2.1%).

16. Samara region (18.1 thousand tons, 1.9%).

17. Oryol region (16.8 thousand tons, 1.8%).

18. Belgorod region (15.3 thousand tons, 1.6%).

19. Sverdlovsk region (15.2 thousand tons, 1.6%).

20. Republic of Kalmykia (15.0 thousand tons, 1.6%).

The total production of beef in January-September 2016 in farms of all categories in regions not included in the TOP 20 amounted to 378.7 thousand tons in slaughter weight (39.7% of total beef production).

Milk production in 2016

Milk production in Russia in farms of all categories in January-September 2016 amounted to 24,031.9 thousand tons. Compared to the same period in 2015, milk yield decreased by 0.7% or 163.0 thousand tons. Compared to the same period in 2014 - by 0.9% or 224.4 thousand tons, by January-September 2013 - by 0.8% or 203.8 thousand tons.

The increase in production occurred in agricultural organizations and peasant farms. Thus, over 3 years (in January-September 2016, compared to January-September 2013), milk production in agricultural organizations increased by 5.8% or 632.2 thousand tons. In peasant farms, the growth was 15.0% or 210.4 thousand tons. In households, there is a decrease in production volumes by 8.8% or 1,046.4 thousand tons.

In the structure of milk production in January-September 2016, 48.0% came from agricultural organizations, 45.3% from households, 6.7% from peasant farms.

Milk production in 2016 by region

The leader in milk production in January-September 2016 is the Republic of Bashkortostan (1,425.5 thousand tons). The republic's share in total milk production in the Russian Federation was 5.9%. Compared to January-September 2015, production increased by 0.4% or 5.5 thousand tons.

In second place is the Republic of Tatarstan with figures of 1,373.8 thousand tons (5.7% of total milk yield in the Russian Federation). The growth compared to the same period in 2015 was 1.0% or 13.8 thousand tons.

Altai Territory ranks third with a share of total production of 4.6% (1,112.5 thousand tons). There is a decrease in milk yield compared to January-September 2015 by 0.9% or 10.6 thousand tons.

In the Krasnodar Territory in January-September 2016, milk yield amounted to 1,018.8 thousand tons (4.2% of all-Russian milk production). Compared to the same period in 2015, production increased by 1.2% or 12.1 thousand tons.

The Rostov region closes the top five leading regions in milk production in January-September 2016 - 846.3 thousand tons (3.5% of total milk production). The decrease compared to January-September 2015 was 0.02% or 0.1 thousand tons.

In addition to these regions in TOP 20 milk producing regions in farms of all categories in January-September 2016 included:

6. Voronezh region (production volume - 660.6 thousand tons, share in all-Russian milk production - 2.7%).

7. Republic of Dagestan (645.1 thousand tons, 2.7%).

8. Orenburg region (619.8 thousand tons, 2.6%).

9. Saratov region (587.1 thousand tons, 2.4%).

10. Udmurt Republic (580.1 thousand tons, 2.4%).

11. Krasnoyarsk Territory (562.2 thousand tons, 2.3%).

12. Novosibirsk region (535.3 thousand tons, 2.2%).

13. Omsk region (512.8 thousand tons, 2.1%).

14. Stavropol Territory (504.7 thousand tons, 2.1%).

15. Sverdlovsk region (501.2 thousand tons, 2.1%).

16. Nizhny Novgorod region (474.7 thousand tons, 2.0%).

17. Moscow region (472.8 thousand tons, 2.0%).

18. Leningrad region (458.9 thousand tons, 1.9%).

19. Kirov region(458.4 thousand tons, 1.9%).

20. Tyumen region (426.4 thousand tons, 1.8%).

The total milk production in January-September 2016 in farms of all categories in regions not included in the TOP 20 amounted to 10,254.7 thousand tons (42.7% of total milk production).

If interesting:

Beef cattle breeding in Russia: analysis of industry development in 2011-2014.

Beef cattle industry Russia has undergone significant changes over the past few years. Back in 2010, it was practically absent as such. By the beginning of 2011, the number of livestock beef cattle breeds in agricultural organizations of the country amounted to 467 thousand heads. Russian meat belt determined by the Republic of Kalmykia, Orenburg Region, Chelyabinsk Region, Rostov Region, Stavropol Territory and the Republic of Bashkortostan. The share of these regions in the total number of beef cattle among agricultural organizations was 58%. Also in the TOP 10 regions were the Altai Territory, the Krasnodar Territory, the Republic of Tatarstan and the Trans-Baikal Territory. Keeping and raising livestock was carried out mainly in small and medium-sized farms.

In 2010-2013, a number of investment projects in the field of beef cattle breeding were implemented, including the largest project in Russia for the production of highly productive beef cattle breeds in the Bryansk region.

Already at the end of 2011, the Bryansk region entered the TOP 10 regions in terms of the number of beef cattle (5.1% of total number herds of beef cattle in agricultural organizations of the Russian Federation). By the beginning of 2014, the share of the Bryansk region in the total number of beef cattle, according to AB-Center calculations, increased to 22.6%.

By the beginning of 2014, the Voronezh and Kaliningrad regions were among the key regions for raising beef cattle.

Dynamics of growth of the beef cattle population in 2011-2013. was also observed in Chelyabinsk region, Stavropol Territory, Krasnodar Territory, the Republic of Mordovia, the Chechen Republic, as well as in some other regions of the Russian Federation. In the Lipetsk region, where one of the first industrial projects in Russia was implemented beef cattle breeding, including slaughter, processing and sale of high-quality beef in retail chains, in 2013 the number of beef cattle, according to Rosstat, decreased from 11.04 thousand heads to 7.37 thousand heads.

By the beginning of 2014, the total number of beef cattle in agricultural organizations of the country reached 690.7 thousand heads.

To form beef cattle industry In recent years, large-scale imports of high-quality purebred breeding animals for meat have been carried out. From the beginning of 2012 to May 2014 inclusive, import purebred beef cattle to Russia, according to AB-Center estimates, amounted to 143 thousand heads. Customs value import of beef cattle during this period it stood at 13.4 billion rubles. The domestic breeding base is also developing. As of the beginning of 2014, there were 278 farms in Russia, included in the state pedigree register, engaged in the cultivation of Beef cattle. In 2009 there were 185.

Number of beef cattle in Russia

Number of beef cattle in agricultural organizations in Russia that are not classified as small businesses, by the beginning of 2014 it amounted to 690.7 thousand heads. Over the year it increased by 18.6% or 108.4 thousand heads, over two years - by 35.9% or 182.5 thousand heads. Over three years, the number of beef cattle in agricultural organizations increased by 47.9% or 223.7 thousand heads.

The total number of cattle in the country's agricultural organizations, including dairy and dairy-meat cattle, at the beginning of 2014 amounted to 8,800.5 thousand heads. Over the past three years it has decreased by 4.9% or 456 thousand heads.

Share beef cattle by the beginning of 2014, according to AB-Center estimates, it amounted to 7.8% of the total cattle herd in the country’s agricultural organizations. At the beginning of 2011, this figure was at 5.0%.

Livestock of beef cattle by regions of Russia

The Bryansk region is the region with the largest number of beef cattle. As of January 1, 2014, agricultural organizations here kept 155.8 thousand heads of cattle for meat production. Share of the Bryansk region in total number of beef cattle among agricultural organizations, according to AB-Center calculations, is 22.6%. Back in early 2011, the number beef cattle here was only 1.1 thousand heads.

In second place in number Beef cattle- Republic of Kalmykia with livestock in agricultural organizations at the level of 60.2 thousand heads. In the republic as a whole, the figure may be significantly higher, since beef cattle are actively raised here both on peasant farms and on household farms. Number of beef cattle in agricultural organizations of Kalmykia over the past three years has decreased by 8.3%.

Third place in number Beef cattle belongs to the Orenburg region 53.2 thousand heads. Over the year, the livestock growth amounted to 0.9%, but over the past three years the number of beef cattle here has decreased - by 9.1%.

The number of beef cattle in the Chelyabinsk region increased by 3.3% over the year, by 5.6% over three years, and by the beginning of 2014 it amounted to 45.92 thousand heads.

Fifth place in keeping beef cattle, according to the AB-Center rating, occupies the Stavropol Territory - 40.7 thousand heads. Over the course of a year, the increase in livestock here was 3.5%, over three years – 16.8%.

In sixth place is the Voronezh region. Livestock of cattle for meat production in the Voronezh region reached 35.42 thousand heads. Over the year it increased by 78.4%.

In the Rostov region, which ranks seventh in population Beef cattle On the contrary, the cattle population is decreasing year by year. By the beginning of 2014, it amounted to 31.0 thousand heads. For comparison, at the beginning of 2011 the figures were at 38.1 thousand heads.

Similar trends are observed in the Republic of Bashkortostan (8th place), where over the year livestock of cattle for meat production decreased by 12.2% to 27.2 thousand heads.

In ninth place is the Kaliningrad region, where the number of beef cattle at the beginning of 2014 amounted to 26.2 thousand heads.

The tenth place is occupied by the Altai Territory with the number of meat cattle breeds at the level of 21.1 thousand heads.

At the beginning of 2014, the TOP 10 regions accounted for 71.9% of beef cattle kept by agricultural organizations in the country.

Also large cattle-breeding regions of Russia, where industrial raising beef cattle breeds, are Krasnodar Territory (19.2 thousand heads), Transbaikal Territory (17.0 thousand heads), Volgograd Region (13.3 thousand heads), Republic of Tatarstan (11.6 thousand heads), Saratov Region (10 ,4 thousand heads), Novosibirsk region (9.3 thousand heads), Tyumen region (8.2 thousand heads), Republic of Mordovia (7.4 thousand heads), Chechen Republic (7.4 thousand heads) , Lipetsk region (7.4 thousand heads). Agricultural organizations in all other regions of Russia (except for the above 20 regions) contain 83.0 thousand heads beef cattle.

Breeding base of beef cattle breeding in Russia

As of January 1, 2014, according to the State Pedigree Register, there were 278 breeding farms in the field of beef cattle breeding in Russia. Including 53 breeding plants and 225 breeding reproducers. For comparison, at the beginning of 2009 there were 185 breeding farms engaged in cattle meat production (42 breeding plants and 143 breeding reproducers), at the beginning of 2010 - 223 breeding farms (45 breeding plants and 178 breeding reproducers), at the beginning of 2013 - 305 breeding farms farms (54 breeding plants and 251 breeding reproducers).

Register of livestock breeding base, published on the website of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation, as of May 12, 2014, displays data on the breeding stock of beef cattle in 153 farms out of 278. The total number of breeding stock in farms where their number is indicated is 75.9 thousand heads.

Breeds of beef cattle, contained in breeding farms in Russia (according to the State Breeding Register): Kalmyk breed of beef cattle, Hereford, Kazakh Whitehead, Aberdeen Angus, Aubrac, Limousin breed of beef cattle, Russian Komolaya, Galloway, Salers and Charolais breed of beef cattle.

Of the total beef cattle breeding farms, as of January 1, 2014, 97 farms were engaged in breeding pedigree cattle of the Hereford breed, 88 farms were breeding the Kalmyk breed of cattle, 54 - Kazakh white-headed, 24 - Aberdeen-Angus, 7 - Limousin.

Import of pedigree beef cattle

One of the most important areas for the formation beef cattle industry in Russia is import of purebred breeding cattle. From the beginning of 2012 to the current date, import purebred breeding cattle meat breeds to Russia, according to AB-Center estimates, amounted to 143 thousand heads, which is comparable to the increase in the total number of beef cattle in the country during this period. total cost import of breeding beef cattle over two and a half years amounted to 13.4 billion rubles. During the period under review, livestock was imported most intensively in 2012; in 2013, deliveries amounted to 75% of the 2012 level, in January-May 2014 - just over 4% of the 2012 level. The largest recipient regions of purebred beef cattle are the Bryansk, Kaliningrad and Voronezh regions.

Import breeding heifers during the period under review amounted to almost 43 thousand heads, breeding heifers- about 95 thousand heads, breeding bulls– more than 5 thousand heads.

Aberdeen Angus beef cattle breed– imports of purebred breeding animals of this breed amounted to 97.0% of the total import volume.

Hereford breed beef cattle - 1.9% of the total import volume.

Mandolong beef cattle weather - 0.4%.

Limousin breed beef cattle - 0.3%.

Charolais breed beef cattle - 0.3%.

Export of purebred beef cattle from Russia

Export of purebred breeding cattle from Russia is practically not carried out. Over the past two and a half years, about 400 heads of breeding animals of the Kalmyk breed of beef cattle have been sent abroad .

unfortunately, there are no more recent data on breeding work yet

Meat production

The total volume of production of meat of all types in Russia in farms of all categories in live weight in January-September 2016 amounted to 9,474.4 thousand tons (6,781.6 thousand tons in terms of slaughter weight). Compared to January-September 2015, production volume in live weight increased by 4.7% or 423.5 thousand tons (in slaughter weight the increase was 5.1% or 328.0 thousand tons).

Dynamics of meat production in Russia from 1991 to 2015.

In recent years, the Russian meat market has been formed mainly due to domestic production (10-15 years ago it was formed by imports). The production volume of meat of all types in Russia in slaughter weight in all categories of farms in 2015 amounted to 9,483.9 thousand tons, which is 4.6% or 413.3 thousand tons more than in 2014. Over 5 years (compared to 2010), volumes increased by 32.3% (by 2,317.1 thousand tons), over 10 years (by 2005) - by 90.1% (by 4,494.4 thousand tons). tons). The volume of meat production was exceeded for the first time in 1991, when it amounted to 9,375.2 thousand tons.

At the same time, pork production in 2015 in slaughter weight amounted to 3087.4 thousand tons. Over the year it increased by 33.8% (by 113.5 thousand tons), over 5 years - by 32.5% (by 756.6 thousand tons), over 10 years - by 96.8% (by 1518 ,3 thousand tons). Compared to 1991, pork production has almost completely recovered (then it amounted to 3,189.7 thousand tons in slaughter weight).

Beef production, on the contrary, has a steady downward trend. In 2015, production volumes of this type of meat amounted to 1,636.2 thousand tons in slaughter weight. Over the year the reduction was 1.1% (17.9 thousand tons), over 5 years - 5.3% (91.1 thousand tons), over 10 years - 9.6% (173.0 thousand tons) . Compared to 1991, beef production in the Russian Federation decreased by 2.4 times.

The decrease in beef production over the past 10 years is primarily due to the optimization of the dairy herd - milk yield per cow is increasing, while keeping low-productive livestock becomes impractical.

The development of beef cattle breeding does not yet fully ensure the overall increase in indicators (total production of beef from meat and dairy breeds).

Poultry meat production volumes are growing most rapidly. In 2015 they reached 4,481.6 thousand tons. Over the year, the increase was 7.7% (320.2 thousand tons), over 5 years - 57.4% (1,634.8 thousand tons). Over 10 years, the figures increased 3.2 times or 3,093.8 thousand tons. The volumes produced in 1991 were exceeded by 2.2 times.

The production of lamb and goat meat in 2015, compared to 2014, decreased slightly - by 0.8% to 202.2 thousand tons in slaughter weight. At the same time, over 5 years the increase was 9.5%, over 10 years - 31.2%.

Production of other types of meat (horse meat, venison, rabbit meat) in 2015 was at the level of 76.4 thousand tons. Over the year, the reduction in volumes was 0.8%, over 5 years - 1.1%. However, over 10 years, volumes grew by 10.3%.

In the structure of meat production over the years, there has been a significant reduction in the share of beef and an increase in the share of poultry meat. The share of pork remains at approximately the same levels. In 2015, the share of pork was 32.6%, beef - 17.3%, poultry - 47.3%, lamb and goat meat - 2.1%, other types of meat - 1.0%.

Meat import

The Russian meat market is becoming less and less dependent on imports. In 2015, the lowest volumes of meat imports into the Russian Federation were observed, at least in the last 15 years. The total volume of imports of meat of all types and by-products in 2015 amounted to 1,171.8 thousand tons, which is 31.4% or 536.7 thousand tons less than in 2014.

The largest decrease in volume terms was the volume of imports of beef - by 207.8 thousand tons and poultry meat - by 203.2 thousand tons. Pork imports decreased less significantly - by 69.1 thousand tons.

The reduction in the volume of meat imports into the Russian Federation in 2015 was facilitated by the devaluation of the ruble, as well as restrictions on supplies from a number of countries introduced in August 2014.

Meat export

2015 is characterized by the largest volumes of meat exports from Russia, which reached 83.7 thousand tons. The main volume of exported meat is poultry, pig by-products and pork.

Over the year, the total volumes of meat exports from the Russian Federation increased by 6.9%, over 5 years - by 4.4 times, over 10 years - by 118.8 times.

Volume of the Russian meat market, consumption, self-sufficiency

Volume Russian market meat in 2015 amounted to 10,571.9 thousand tons, which is 1.2% less than in 2014 and 3.0% less than in 2013. The reduction in market volume is due to the fact that the increase in production volumes was slightly lower than the reduction in imports. However, over 5 years the market volume grew by 6.5%, over 10 years - by 28.6%.

In 2015, the minimum threshold for food independence in meat was exceeded for the first time. According to the Doctrine of Food Security of the Russian Federation, the self-sufficiency of the Russian Federation in meat should be at least 85%.

In 2014, Russia's self-sufficiency in meat of all types, according to calculations by the Expert Analytical Center for Agribusiness "AB-Center", amounted to 84.8%, in 2015 it reached 89.7%. 10 years ago the figures were 60.7%.

However, in 2014-2015. there is a reduction in consumption volumes (from 76.0 kg in 2013 to 72.2 kg in 2015 - a 5.0% reduction over 2 years), which is due both to a slight reduction in real disposable income of the population and to the fact that the volume of growth production is slightly lower than the drop in imports. At the same time, comparison for more a long period shows significant growth. Over 5 years, per capita meat consumption increased by 3.9%, over 10 years - by 26.1%.

Meat prices

The Russian meat market in 2015 was characterized by a significant increase in prices. To a lesser extent, the rise in price affected poultry meat.

Average annual producer prices for pork half-carcasses in 2015, compared to 2014, strengthened by 18.6% to 174.5 rubles/kg with VAT, prices for beef half-carcasses increased by 25.4% to 213.5 rubles/kg. Prices for broiler carcasses amounted to 102.9 rubles/kg - an increase of 12.1%, which is lower than the average inflation rate which in 2015 was 12.91%.

Over the year, retail prices for second-hand pork increased by 10.1% to 363.7 rubles/kg, for fresh pork - by 12.1% to 276.8 rubles/kg. Used beef in the retail segment increased in price over the year by 18.3% to 446.4 rubles/kg, non-prepared beef - by 20.9% to 308.6 rubles/kg. Prices for broiler carcasses increased by 13.0% to 136.2 rubles/kg, prices for chicken legs increased by 13.4% to 156.6 rubles/kg.

The structure of production of all types of meat in January-September 2016 in slaughter weight, according to AB-Center calculations, was distributed as follows: 49.2% was accounted for by poultry meat, 34.8% by pork, 14.1% by beef, 1.6% for lamb and goat meat, 0.4% for other types of meat.

In the total production of meat of all types in Russia specific gravity agricultural organizations amounted to 78.5%, households - 18.5%, peasant farms - 3.0%.

In January-September 2016, Russia produced 3,030.6 thousand tons of pork in live weight (2,357.0 thousand tons in terms of slaughter weight). Compared to the same period in 2015, production volume increased by 10.9% (by 231.9 thousand tons in slaughter weight). The structure of pork production in January-September 2016 was distributed as follows: 84.4% came from agricultural organizations, 14.3% from households, 1.3% from peasant farms.

Pig farming in Russia in 2016

The Russian pig industry in 2016 is characterized by high rates of growth in meat production. A significant increase in the number of pigs and pork production in the Russian Federation in recent years was facilitated by a drop in import volumes, which occurred as a result of the devaluation of the ruble, as well as restrictions imposed on the supply of pork from a number of countries (since August 2014).

Pig number in 2016

The pig population in Russia in 2016 on farms of all categories as of October 1 totaled 23,256.8 thousand heads. The growth of the livestock for the year was 4.5% or 1,003.0 thousand heads. Over 2 years (relative to data as of October 1, 2014), the pig population in the Russian Federation increased by 12.3% or 2,543.5 thousand heads, over 3 years - by 14.6% or 2,963.6 thousand .heads

In the structure of the pig population, 81.5% came from agricultural organizations, 16.5% from households, and 2.0% from peasant farms.

Pig population in 2016 by region

The region with the largest number of pigs is the Belgorod region - 4,240.2 thousand heads, which is 5.4% or 217.5 thousand heads more than on October 1, 2015. The region's share in the all-Russian pig population was 18.2%.

The second place is occupied by the Kursk region, where the pig population as of October 1, 2016 increased compared to the same date in 2015 by 7.7% or by 103.6 thousand heads and totaled 1,447.4 thousand heads. The region's share of the total livestock population in the Russian Federation was 6.2%.

In the Tambov region, the pig population amounted to 1,010.6 thousand heads, which is 3.0% or 29.1 thousand heads higher than the figures for the same date in 2015 (3rd place in the ranking of regions of the Russian Federation). The share in the all-Russian livestock was at 4.3%.

In the Chelyabinsk region in 2016, the pig population increased over the year by 11.0% to 922.3 thousand heads. According to this indicator, the region is in 4th place in Russia (4.0% of the total pig population in the Russian Federation).

As of October 1, 2016, the Pskov region took 5th place in the ranking. The pig population there totaled 805.9 thousand heads. The region's share in the all-Russian livestock was 3.5%. Over the year, the livestock increased by 35.4% or 210.6 thousand heads.

IN TOP 20 regions by pig population

6. Voronezh region - 804.8 thousand heads, share in the all-Russian livestock - 3.5%.

7. Krasnoyarsk Territory - 656.2 thousand heads, 2.8%.

8. Altai Territory - 619.0 thousand heads, 2.7%.

9. Omsk region - 610.0 thousand heads, 2.6%.

10. Lipetsk region - 583.4 thousand heads, 2.5%.

11. Tver region - 511.9 thousand heads, 2.2%.

12. Republic of Tatarstan - 497.6 thousand heads, 2.1%.

13. Republic of Bashkortostan - 481.4 thousand heads, 2.1%.

14. Rostov region - 457.2 thousand heads, 2.0%.

15. Kemerovo region- 438.2 thousand heads, 1.9%.

16. Krasnodar region - 432.8 thousand heads, 1.9%.

17. Novosibirsk region - 407.5 thousand heads, 1.8%.

18. Stavropol Territory - 403.9 thousand heads, 1.7%.

19. Tyumen region - 364.5 thousand heads, 1.6%.

20. Republic of Mordovia - 354.3 thousand heads, 1.5%.

As of October 1, 2016, the pig population in farms of all categories in regions not included in the TOP 20 totaled 7,207.4 thousand heads (31.0% of the total pig population in Russia).

Pork production in 2016

Pork production in Russia in January-September 2016 amounted to 2,357.0 thousand tons in terms of slaughter weight (3,030.6 thousand tons in live weight). Compared to the same period in 2015, production volume increased by 10.9% or 231.9 thousand tons in slaughter weight. Over 2 years, compared to January-September 2014, the increase in production amounted to 16.5% (333.2 thousand tons), over 3 years - 23.2% (443.9 thousand tons).

The entire increase in production occurred due to agricultural organizations. Thus, over 3 years (in January-September 2016, compared to January-September 2013), the volume of pork production in agricultural organizations increased by 562.8 thousand tons or by 39.4%. At the same time, in households it decreased by 113.8 thousand tons (25.3%). In peasant farms there is also a decrease in indicators - by 14.6% or 5.2 thousand tons.

The structure of pork production in January-September 2016 was distributed as follows: 84.4% came from agricultural organizations, 14.3% from households, 1.3% from peasant farms.

Pork production in 2016 by region

The Belgorod region, with a pork production volume of 450.7 thousand tons in slaughter weight and a share in all-Russian production of 19.1%, is in first place in January-September 2016 among the regions of the Russian Federation for this indicator. The growth compared to January-September 2015 was 4.1% or 17.8 thousand tons.

The Kursk region is in second place in terms of production volume with a share of 7.0% of the total pork production in Russia (165.7 thousand tons). In the Kursk region, compared to January-September 2015, production increased by 11.4% or 16.9 thousand tons.

The third place is occupied by the Tambov region - 110.6 thousand tons in slaughter weight (4.7% of the total volume in Russia). The region also observed an increase in production volume compared to the same period in 2015 by 9.7% or 9.8 thousand tons.

In the Pskov region, with a share of 3.7% (86.2 thousand tons), the increase in pork production compared to January-September 2015 amounted to 46.9% or 27.5 thousand tons.

In the Voronezh region in January-September 2016, 81.9 thousand tons of pork were produced (3.5% of the total pork production in Russia). In the Voronezh region, compared to January-September 2015, production increased by 40.2% or 23.5 thousand tons.

In addition to these regions in TOP 20 regions of pork producers in farms of all categories in January-September 2016 included:

6. Lipetsk region (production volume - 65.4 thousand tons, share in total pork production - 2.8%).

7. Chelyabinsk region (65.1 thousand tons, 2.8%).

8. Krasnoyarsk Territory (59.0 thousand tons, 2.5%).

9. Tver region (57.3 thousand tons, 2.4%).

10. Omsk region (54.5 thousand tons, 2.3%).

11. Republic of Tatarstan (54.1 thousand tons, 2.3%).

12. Krasnodar region (51.1 thousand tons, 2.2%).

13. Altai Territory (50.0 thousand tons, 2.1%).

14. Republic of Bashkortostan (45.8 thousand tons, 1.9%).

15. Rostov region (40.0 thousand tons, 1.7%).

16. Sverdlovsk region (38.6 thousand tons, 1.6%).

17. Bryansk region (38.1 thousand tons, 1.6%).

18. Stavropol Territory (36.4 thousand tons, 1.5%).

19. Republic of Mari El (36.0 thousand tons, 1.5%).

20. Novosibirsk region (34.8 thousand tons, 1.5%).

The total production of pork in January-September 2016 in farms of all categories in regions not included in the TOP 20 amounted to 735.6 thousand tons (31.2% of total pork production).

Beef production in 2016. In January-September 2016, beef production in Russia was at the level of 1,677.2 thousand tons in live weight (953.0 thousand tons in terms of slaughter weight). Compared to January-September 2015, it decreased by 1.3%. In the structure of beef production in January-September 2016, 39.5% came from agricultural organizations, about 52.1% from households, 8.5% from peasant farms.

Beef production in Russia 2001-2015

Beef production in Russia has had a steady downward trend for a number of years. The overwhelming majority of the cattle herd in Russia are dairy cattle. Beef produced in the Russian Federation is mainly meat obtained as a result of culling dairy cows, as well as the rearing and slaughter of dairy bulls.

In recent years, the quality indicators of the dairy cattle industry (milk yield per cow) have increased significantly. To meet domestic demand for milk, it is no longer necessary to keep as many cows as before, as a result of which the number of cows, and, accordingly, the number of livestock sent for slaughter has decreased.

Beef cattle breeding in the Russian Federation is developing dynamically, but does not yet determine the general situation with beef production in the Russian Federation.

Beef production in Russia in 2015, according to Rosstat, amounted to 2,879.5 thousand tons in live weight (1,636.2 thousand tons in terms of slaughter weight, AB-Center estimate).

Over the year, production decreased by 1.1% or 31.5 thousand tons, over 5 years it decreased by another 5.7% or 173.6 thousand tons, over 10 years - by 10.1% or 325 ,2 thousand tons in live weight, over 5 years it decreased by another 5.7% or 173.6 thousand tons, over 10 years - by 10.1% or 325.2 thousand tons in live weight.

Beef production in Russia by farm category

The volume of beef production in the commercial sector (agricultural organizations and peasant farms) in 2015 amounted to 1134.3 thousand tons in live weight (39.4% of total beef production in Russia), of which 908.4 thousand were produced in agricultural organizations. tons, in peasant farms - 225.9 thousand tons.

At the same time, production in agricultural organizations is decreasing, in peasant farms, in conditions of widespread dairy farms, it is increasing.

Compared to 2010, total production in the commercial sector increased by 0.1% or 0.7 thousand tons; over 10 years it decreased by 8.6% or 106.7 thousand tons.

Beef production in households in 2015 amounted to 1,745 thousand tons in live weight (60.6% of total production), compared to 2010 it decreased by 9.3% or by 173.6 thousand tons, for 10 years - by 11.1% or 218.5 thousand tons.

Beef production by regions of Russia

Beef production in the Republic of Bashkortostan. The first place in beef production in live weight in farms of all categories is occupied by the Republic of Bashkortostan, where the share of all-Russian beef production reaches 7.8% or 223.6 thousand tons (127.0 thousand tons in slaughter weight). This figure exceeds last year’s by 3.6% or 7.7 thousand tons, but is less than the indicator of five years ago by 20.9% or 59.1 thousand tons and ten years ago by 2.0% or 4.5 thousand . tons

Beef production in the Republic of Tatarstan. In second place in production is the Republic of Tatarstan with a share of 5.2% of total production in Russia (150.2 thousand tons in live weight, 85.4 thousand tons in slaughter weight). In this region, production for the year decreased by 1.4% or 2.1 thousand tons, over 5 years - by 9.4% or 15.6 thousand tons, over 10 years - by 0.6% or by 0.9 thousand tons.

Beef production in the Altai region. Third place belongs to the Altai Territory - 118.3 thousand tons in live weight and 67.2 thousand tons in slaughter weight (4.1% of the total in Russia). There is also a downward trend in production, since 2014 - by 2.6% or 3.2 thousand tons, since 2010 - by 4.0% or 4.9 thousand tons, since 2005 - by 0 .8% or 0.9 thousand tons.

Beef production in the Krasnodar region. In the Krasnodar Territory, with a share of 3.9% and a volume of 111.8 thousand tons in live weight (63.5 thousand tons in slaughter weight), the same situation is observed: over the year, production fell by 5.7% or 6. 7 thousand tons, over 5 years - by 8.6% or 10.5 thousand tons, over 10 years - by 9.2% or 11.4 thousand tons.

Beef production in the Republic of Dagestan. In the Republic of Dagestan in 2015, 106.2 thousand tons of beef were produced in live weight (60.3 thousand tons in slaughter weight), which amounted to 3.7% of the total beef production in Russia. In this region, unlike previous ones, beef production volumes in live weight increased year by year; compared to the previous year, they increased by 2.8% or 2.9 thousand tons, since 2010 - by 12.1% or by 11.5 thousand tons, since 2005 - by 42.9% or by 31.9 thousand tons.

Beef production in the Orenburg region. The Orenburg region, with a share of 3.3% of all-Russian production, is in sixth place in the ranking of regions in 2015 (94.6 thousand tons in live weight and 53.8 thousand tons in slaughter weight). Since last year, volumes have fallen by 7.1% or 7.3 thousand tons, since 2010 - by 10.4% or 11.0 thousand tons, since 2005 there has been an increase in volumes by 12.9% or by 10.8 thousand tons.

Beef production in the Voronezh region. In the Voronezh region (90.8 thousand tons in live weight and 51.6 thousand tons in slaughter weight, 3.2% of total volumes in Russia), as well as in the Republic of Dagestan, there is a trend towards an increase in beef production. For 1 year - by 3.8% or 3.3 thousand tons, for 5 years - by 23.8% or 17.4 thousand tons, for 10 years - by 10.8% or 8.8 thousand tons

Beef production in the Rostov region. The Rostov region, with production volumes of 90.0 thousand tons in live weight (51.2 thousand tons in slaughter weight) and a share of 3.1%, ranks eighth in the ranking of beef producing regions. Compared to 2014, the growth was 0.9% or 0.8 thousand tons, by 2010 - 14.2% or 11.2 thousand tons, by 2005 - 17.5% or 13.4 thousand tons .

Beef production in the Bryansk region. The Bryansk region is in ninth place - 77.8 thousand tons in live weight (about 44.2 thousand tons in slaughter weight), 2.7% of the total beef production in the country. The growth in production volumes in this region for the year amounted to 188.4% or 50.8 thousand tons, over 5 years - 165.4% or 48.5 thousand tons, over 10 years - 124.1% or 43.1 thousand . tons It should be noted that the Bryansk region is a leader in the production of beef obtained from beef cattle.

Beef production in the Saratov region. The Saratov region closes the top ten leaders in beef production with a volume of 73.2 thousand tons in live weight (41.6 thousand tons in slaughter weight) and a share of 2.5% in total production. In this region, there is a decrease in beef production, compared to 2014 - by 2.6% or 2.0 thousand tons, from 2010 - by 29.7% or 30.9 thousand tons, from 2005 - by 10.4% or 8.5 thousand tons.

In addition to these regions, the TOP 20 largest beef producing regions in 2015 also included:

11. Republic of Kalmykia (beef production volume - 68.2 thousand tons in live weight, slaughter weight - 38.8 thousand tons, share in the total volume of beef production in the Russian Federation - 2.4%).

12. Krasnoyarsk Territory (65.8 thousand tons in live weight, 37.4 thousand tons in slaughter weight, 2.3%).

13. Volgograd region (63.4 thousand tons in live weight, 36.0 thousand tons in slaughter weight, 2.2%).

14. Omsk region (61.7 thousand tons in live weight, 35.1 thousand tons in slaughter weight, 2.1%).

15. Novosibirsk region (59.1 thousand tons in live weight, 33.6 thousand tons in slaughter weight, 2.1%).

16. Stavropol Territory (57.5 thousand tons in live weight, 32.7 thousand tons in slaughter weight, 2.0%).

17. Trans-Baikal Territory (53.5 thousand tons in live weight, 30.4 thousand tons in slaughter weight, 1.9%).

18. Udmurt Republic (53.0 thousand tons in live weight, 30.1 thousand tons in slaughter weight, 1.8%).

19. Samara region (52.5 thousand tons in live weight, 29.8 thousand tons in slaughter weight, 1.8%).

20. Sverdlovsk region (49.8 thousand tons in live weight, 28.3 thousand tons in slaughter weight, 1.7%).

The total production of beef in live weight in farms of all categories in regions not included in the TOP-20 in 2015 amounted to 1,158.4 thousand tons (658.2 thousand tons in slaughter weight), the share of these regions was 40.2 % in total beef production.

Poultry meat production in 2016.

Poultry farming in Russia in 2016

Russian poultry farming for meat production in 2016 is characterized by a slight slowdown in production growth.

Poultry meat production in Russia in January-September 2016 amounted to 4,471.0 thousand tons in live weight (3,334.2 thousand tons in terms of slaughter weight). The increase compared to January-September 2015 was 3.3% or 143.9 thousand tons in live weight (in slaughter weight, production increased by 107.3 thousand tons). In the structure of poultry meat production in January-September 2016, 93.7% came from agricultural organizations, 5.4% from households, 0.9% from peasant farms.

Poultry meat production by region - ranking

The first place in poultry meat production in January-September 2016 is occupied by the Belgorod region, where the share of all-Russian poultry meat production was 13.3% (444.3 thousand tons in slaughter weight). This is less than in January-September 2015 by 3.2% or 14.6 thousand tons.

The Chelyabinsk region is in second place in poultry production with a share of 6.0% of total production in Russia (199.6 thousand tons in slaughter weight). In this region, compared to January-September 2015, production increased by 3.2% or 6.3 thousand tons.

Third place belongs to the Stavropol Territory - 171.5 thousand tons (5.1% of the total volume in Russia). There is also an increase in production volume compared to the same period in 2015 - by 16.6% or 24.4 thousand tons.

In the Leningrad region, with a share of 4.9% and a volume of 164.4 thousand tons, production growth compared to January-September 2015 amounted to 1.9% or 3.0 thousand tons.

In the Krasnodar Territory in January-September 2016, 148.3 thousand tons of poultry meat were produced, which amounted to 4.4% of the total poultry meat production in Russia. In this region, compared to January-September 2015, production decreased by 4.2% or 6.5 thousand tons.

In addition to these regions, in the TOP 20 poultry producing regions in farms of all categories in January-September 2016 included:

6. Bryansk region (production volume - 144.4 thousand tons in slaughter weight, share in total production - 4.3%).

7. Penza region (119.4 thousand tons, 3.6%).

8. Republic of Mordovia (111.4 thousand tons, 3.3%).

9. Republic of Tatarstan (111.2 thousand tons, 3.3%).

10. Moscow region (110.4 thousand tons, 3.3%).

11. Republic of Mari El (104.8 thousand tons, 3.1%).

12. Lipetsk region (99.0 thousand tons, 3.0%).

13. Rostov region (86.2 thousand tons, 2.6%).

14. Kursk region (86.2 thousand tons, 2.6%).

15. Sverdlovsk region (78.5 thousand tons, 2.4%).

16. Voronezh region (73.7 thousand tons, 2.2%).

17. Tambov region (69.8 thousand tons, 2.1%).

18. Novgorod region (64.0 thousand tons, 1.9%).

19. Altai Territory (47.8 thousand tons, 1.4%).

20. Novosibirsk region (46.0 thousand tons, 1.4%).

The total production of poultry meat in January-September 2016 in farms of all categories in regions not included in the TOP 20 amounted to 853.3 thousand tons (25.6% of the total volume of poultry meat production).

Poultry farming in Russia in 2016 - egg poultry farming

Russian poultry farming for eggs in 2016 is characterized by a slight increase in egg production volumes.

Egg production in Russia in January-September 2016 in farms of all categories was at the level of 32,986.9 million pieces. Compared to January-September 2015, the increase was 1.9% (618.2 million units). The structure of egg production in January-September 2016 was distributed as follows: 77.3% came from agricultural organizations, 21.8% from households, 0.9% from peasant farms.

Egg production by region - ranking

The largest egg-producing region in Russia in January-September 2016 remains the Leningrad region. In the first 9 months of 2016, 2199.6 million eggs were produced here, which is 3.3% or 75.5 million pieces less than in January-September 2015. The region's share in the total volume in Russia in 2016 was 6.7%.

Egg production in the Rostov region (the second largest egg producer in the Russian Federation) in January-September 2016 increased by 12.5% ​​or 176.4 million pieces compared to the same period in 2015 and amounted to 1,589.3 million pieces. The region's share in the total volume in the Russian Federation was 4.8%.

In the Yaroslavl region in January-September 2016, 1299.2 million eggs were produced, which is 2.3% or 29.4 million more than in January-September 2015 (3rd place in the all-Russian regional ranking; 3.9 % of total production).

In the Krasnodar Territory in January-September 2016, egg production increased by 9.5% compared to January-September 2015 to 1294.3 million pieces. According to this indicator, the region is in 4th place in Russia (3.9% of total egg production in the Russian Federation).

In January-September 2016, the Chelyabinsk region took 5th place in the ranking - 1226.6 million eggs. The region's share in all-Russian production was 3.7%. Compared to January-September 2015, production increased by 3.5% or 41.1 thousand tons.

IN TOP 20 egg producing regions also included :

6. Belgorod region - 1172.9 million units, share in all-Russian production - 3.6%.

7. Sverdlovsk region - 1082.4 million units, 3.3%.

8. Republic of Mordovia - 1037.6 million units, 3.1%.

9. Nizhny Novgorod region - 1030.7 million units, 3.1%.

10. Tyumen region - 1018.1 million units, 3.1%.

11. Novosibirsk region - 931.8 million units, 2.8%.

12. Republic of Tatarstan - 897.8 million units, 2.7%.

13. Republic of Bashkortostan - 876.6 million units, 2.7%.

14. Kemerovo region - 872.4 million units, 2.6%.

15. Perm region- 869.5 million units, 2.6%.

16. Altai Territory - 858.0 million units, 2.6%.

17. Orenburg region - 816.4 million units, 2.5%.

18. Saratov region - 771.0 million units, 2.3%.

19. Irkutsk region - 768.8 million units, 2.3%.

20. Udmurt Republic - 755.9 million units, 2.3%.

The total production of eggs in January-September 2016 in farms of all categories in regions not included in the TOP 20 amounted to 11,617.9 million pieces (35.2% of the total egg production).

The volume of lamb and goat meat production in Russia in January-September 2016 was at the level of 241.3 thousand tons in live weight (107.0 thousand tons in terms of slaughter weight). Compared to the same period in 2015, production increased by 2.6% or 6.1 thousand tons in live weight (in slaughter weight - by 2.7 thousand tons). In the structure of lamb and goat meat production in January-September 2016, the largest share came from households - 67.6%, from peasant farms - 24.3%, from agricultural organizations - 8.1%.

Sheep and goat breeding in Russia in 2016

Number of sheep and goats in 2016

The number of sheep and goats in farms of all categories as of October 1, 2016 amounted to 26,159.5 thousand heads. Over the year it decreased by 1.3% or 341.3 thousand heads, over 2 years - by 1.2% or 307.9 thousand heads, over 3 years - by 0.2% or 40.8 thousand heads

The structure of the number of sheep and goats as of October 1, 2016 was distributed as follows: 17.3% belonged to agricultural organizations, 35.5% to peasant farms, 47.2% to households.

Number of sheep and goats in 2016 by region

The Republic of Dagestan ranks first in Russia in terms of the number of sheep and goats as of October 1, 2016 - 5330.9 thousand heads (20.4% of the total number of sheep and goats in Russia). Over the year, the livestock decreased by 5.4% or 302.6 thousand heads.

The second largest number of sheep and goats in Russia is the Republic of Kalmykia (2501.9 thousand heads). Kalmykia's share was 9.6% in the all-Russian livestock. In the region over the year there was an increase in the number of livestock by 3.2% or 76.5 thousand heads.

In 2016, the Stavropol Territory ranked third in the Russian Federation with a livestock of 2363.3 thousand heads (9.0% of the total number of sheep and goats in Russia). Compared to the same date in 2015, the livestock here decreased by 3.0% or by 72.4 thousand heads.

In the Astrakhan region there is also a reduction in the number of livestock - by 3.1% or 49.6 thousand heads. As of October 1, 2016, there were 1,545.1 thousand animals in the region (5.9% of the total Russian population).

The share of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic in 2016 was 5.3% (1390.0 thousand heads). Compared to October 1, 2015, the livestock decreased by 6.6% or 98.6 thousand heads.

IN TOP 20 regions by sheep and goat population as of October 1, 2016 also included:

6. Rostov region - 1,262.3 thousand heads, share in the all-Russian population of sheep and goats - 4.8%.

7. Republic of Tyva - 1,226.0 thousand heads, 4.7%.

8. Volgograd region - 1,010.0 thousand heads, 3.9%.

9. Republic of Bashkortostan - 880.6 thousand heads, 3.4%.

10. Altai Republic - 865.4 thousand heads, 3.3%.

11. Saratov region - 607.2 thousand heads, 2.3%.

12. Trans-Baikal Territory - 536.1 thousand heads, 2.0%.

13. Republic of Tatarstan - 393.2 thousand heads, 1.5%.

14. Kabardino-Balkarian Republic - 361.5 thousand heads, 1.4%.

15. Orenburg region - 341.0 thousand heads, 1.3%.

16. Republic of Khakassia - 313.4 thousand heads, 1.2%.

17. Republic of Buryatia - 310.0 thousand heads, 1.2%.

18. Omsk region - 262.0 thousand heads, 1.0%.

19. Altai Territory - 261.8 thousand heads, 1.0%.

20. Voronezh region - 239.6 thousand heads, 0.9%.

As of October 1, 2016, the number of sheep and goats in farms of all categories in regions not included in the TOP 20 totaled 4,158.2 thousand heads (15.9% of the total number of sheep and goats in Russia).

Lamb and goat meat production in 2016

The volume of lamb and goat meat production in Russia in January-September 2016, according to AB-Center calculations, was at the level of 107.0 thousand tons in terms of slaughter weight (241.3 thousand tons in live weight - Rosstat data). Compared to the same period in 2015, production increased by 2.6% (by 2.7 thousand tons in slaughter weight), by January-September 2014 - increased by 1.1% (by 1.2 thousand tons in slaughter weight weight), by January-September 2013 - by 10.8% (by 10.4 thousand tons in slaughter weight).

The increase in production occurred at the expense of households and peasant farms. Thus, over 3 years (in January-September 2016, compared to January-September 2013) in households, the volume of production of lamb and goat meat increased by 6.6 thousand tons in slaughter weight or by 10.0%. In peasant farms, production increased by 20.7% or 4.5 thousand tons. At the same time, in agricultural organizations it decreased by 0.6 thousand tons (6.3%).

In the structure of lamb and goat meat production in January-September 2016, the largest share fell on households - 67.6%, peasant farms accounted for 24.3%, and agricultural organizations - 8.1%.

Production of lamb and goat meat in 2016 by region

Important! Data on the production of lamb and goat meat by region of Russia are presented in terms of slaughter weight.

The first place in the production of lamb and goat meat in January-September 2016 belongs to the Stavropol Territory, where production volume reached 12.8 thousand tons in slaughter weight (share in all-Russian production - 12.0%). Compared to January-September 2015, production increased by 5.4% or 0.7 thousand tons.

The second place is occupied by the Republic of Kalmykia (10.0 thousand tons in slaughter weight). The republic's share in total production in Russia in January-September 2016 was at 9.3%. The increase compared to the same period in 2015 was 0.7% or 0.1 thousand tons in slaughter weight.

In third place is the Republic of Dagestan with a production volume of 7.8 thousand tons in slaughter weight (7.3% of all-Russian production). In the republic, there is a decrease in the production of lamb and goat meat compared to January-September 2015 by 0.1% or 0.01 thousand tons.

The Astrakhan region is in 4th place in the production of lamb and goat meat (7.2 thousand tons in slaughter weight, 6.8% of the total volume). Compared to January-September 2015, production growth amounted to 2.1% or 0.1 thousand tons.

The Rostov region closes the top five with a share in all-Russian production of 6.5% (7.0 thousand tons in slaughter weight). In the region, compared to the same period in 2015, production volume increased by 1.7% or 0.1 thousand tons.

In addition to these regions in TOP 20 regions producing lamb and goat meat in farms of all categories in January-September 2016 included:

6. Volgograd region (production volume - 5.8 thousand tons in slaughter weight, share in the total production of lamb and goat meat - 5.5%).

7. Karachay-Cherkess Republic (4.7 thousand tons, 4.4%).

8. Saratov region (4.7 thousand tons, 4.4%).

9. Republic of Tatarstan (4.1 thousand tons, 3.8%).

10. Republic of Crimea (2.4 thousand tons, 2.2%).

11. Republic of Tyva (2.4 thousand tons, 2.2%).

12. Republic of Bashkortostan (1.8 thousand tons, 1.7%).

13. Altai Territory (1.8 thousand tons, 1.7%).

14. Voronezh region (1.7 thousand tons, 1.6%).

15. Kabardino-Balkarian Republic (1.7 thousand tons, 1.6%).

16. Chechen Republic (1.7 thousand tons, 1.6%).

17. Republic of Khakassia (1.7 thousand tons, 1.6%).

18. Republic of North Ossetia-Alania (1.6 thousand tons, 1.5%).

19. Novosibirsk region (1.2 thousand tons, 1.1%).

20. Samara region (1.2 thousand tons, 1.1%).

The total production of lamb and goat meat in January-September 2016 in farms of all categories in regions not included in the TOP 20 amounted to 23.9 thousand tons in slaughter weight (22.3% of the total production of lamb and goat meat).

Sheep and goat farming in Russia 2001-2015

Number of sheep and goats in Russia

The number of sheep and goats in Russia at the end of 2015 in farms of all categories amounted to 24,528.4 thousand heads. This is 0.7% or 182.8 thousand animals less than at the end of 2014. However, over 5 years, the number of sheep and goats in the Russian Federation increased by 12.4% or 2,708.5 thousand heads; over 10 years, the increase was 32.0% (5,947.0 thousand heads).

There is no data on the number of sheep and goats separately as of the end of 2015 (as of the date of this article). At the end of 2014, the number of sheep in Russia in all categories of farms amounted to 22,578.3 thousand heads, the number of goats - 2,104.5 thousand heads. Thus, in the structure of the small ruminant population, sheep account for about 91.5%, goats - 8.5%.

Number of sheep and goats in Russia by farm category

In the commercial sector (livestock in agricultural organizations and peasant farms, excluding households), the number of sheep and goats amounted to 12,938.0 thousand heads (52.7% of the total number of small ruminants in Russia). Compared to 2010, the number of sheep and goats in the commercial sector increased by 22.7% or 2,395 thousand heads, over 10 years - by 46.5% or 4,107 thousand heads.

In households, the number of sheep and goats amounted to 11,590 thousand heads (47.3% of the total), compared to 2010, the number of sheep and goats in households increased by 2.8% or by 314 thousand heads, over 10 years - by 18.9% or 1,840 thousand heads.

Number of sheep and goats by regions of Russia

Sheep and goat farming in Dagestan. The region with the most developed sheep and goat breeding is the Republic of Dagestan with a share of 21.1% of the all-Russian herd of small ruminants. The livestock at the end of 2015 amounted to 5,183.8 thousand heads, which is 0.8% or 43.1 thousand heads more than in 2014, 18.0% or 792.4 thousand heads more than in 2010, by 9.4% or 446.1 thousand heads more than in 2005.

Sheep and goat farming in Kalmykia. In second place in terms of the number of sheep and goats in 2015 is the Republic of Kalmykia, whose share is 9.7% (2,376.3 thousand heads). Over the year, the number of sheep and goats decreased by 1.4% or by 32.6 thousand heads, over 5 years the number increased by 8.4% or 184.7 thousand heads, over 10 years it increased by 27.5% or by 512.8 thousand heads.

Sheep and goat breeding in the Stavropol Territory. The third place is occupied by the Stavropol Territory with a livestock of 2,230.7 thousand heads (9.1% of the all-Russian herd of sheep and goats). Compared to last year, the livestock decreased by 6.7% or 160.1 thousand heads, since 2010 it increased by 0.8% or 17.8 thousand heads, since 2005 it increased by 41.9% or by 658.1 thousand heads.

Sheep and goat farming in the Astrakhan region. In fourth place is the Astrakhan region, where the number of small cattle at the end of 2015 amounted to 1,475.1 thousand heads. This is 6.0% of the total in the Russian Federation.

Sheep and goat farming in Karachay-Cherkessia. In fifth place is the Karachay-Cherkess Republic. The livestock in the region amounted to 1,203.2 thousand heads, the share in the all-Russian herd was 4.9%.

The TOP 10 key regions of sheep and goat breeding in Russia, as of the end of 2015, also included: Rostov region (livestock - 1,182.0 thousand heads, share in the total herd in the Russian Federation - 4.8%), Republic of Tyva (1,146 ,2 thousand heads, 4.7%), Volgograd region (958.1 thousand heads, 3.9%), Republic of Bashkortostan (816.6 thousand heads, 3.3%), Altai Republic (630.8 thousand heads, 2.6%).

Pedigree sheep breeding in Russia

As of March 2016, in Russia there are 184 breeding farms in the field of sheep breeding. Of these, there are 53 breeding plants, 112 breeding reproducers, 15 gene pool farms, 1 selection and genetic centers, and 3 selection and hybrid centers.

Sheep breeds bred in Russia

According to the state breeding registry, the following breeds of sheep are bred in Russia at breeding enterprises:

Coarse wool breeds of sheep. The coarse-wool breeds of sheep, according to the register, include: Aginskaya, Andiyskaya, Buryat, Kalmyk fat-tailed, Karachay, Lezginskaya, Romanovskaya, Tuvinian short-fat-tailed, Tuvinian short-fattailed (steppe type), Tushinskaya, Edilbaevskaya.

Smushkov breeds of sheep. On farms with breeding status, only one breed of sheep is bred - Karakul.

Semi-fine sheep breeds. Semi-fine-wool sheep breeds, according to the register, include: Tashlinskaya, Yuzhnaya meat, Kuibyshevskaya, Texel, Soviet meat-wool, Soviet meat-wool (Siberian type), Gorno-Altai, North Caucasian meat-wool, as well as Tsigei breed of sheep.

Fine wool sheep breeds. The following fine-fleece sheep breeds are bred at breeding enterprises in Russia: Volgograd, Grozny, Dagestan Mountain, Trans-Baikal fine-fleece, Trans-Baikal fine-fleece (Argun type), Trans-Baikal fine-fleece (Dogoi type), Trans-Baikal fine-fleece (Buryat type), Trans-Baikal fine-fleece (Nerchinsky type), Trans-Baikal fine-fleece (Khangil type), Caucasian fine wool, Kulundinskaya, Manych merino, Salskaya, Soviet merino, Stavropol.

Number of breeding sheep

The number of breeding sheep in Russia, according to Rosstat, at the beginning of 2015 in agricultural organizations amounted to 828.1 thousand heads, including ewes and lambs older than 1 year - 538.7 thousand heads, breeding rams - about 16.4 thousand . heads, lambs up to 1 year - 149.2 thousand heads, rams up to 1 year - 91.3 thousand heads.

Livestock statistics are kept separately breeding Karakul sheep And Romanov breeds. The number of pedigree sheep of the Karakul breed as of the beginning of 2015 amounted to 32.3 thousand heads, pedigree sheep of the Romanov breed - 5.6 thousand heads

Pedigree sheep breeding in Russia, unlike beef and dairy cattle breeding, pig farming is generally self-sufficient. Imports of purebred breeding sheep are at low levels. In 2015, only 73 breeding animals were imported - purebred East Friesian sheep. Import was carried out from the Czech Republic.

In 2014, there were no deliveries of purebred breeding sheep to Russia. On the contrary, Russia exported breeding sheep to Armenia. 23 animals of the Edilbaev breed were delivered to this country from the Republic of Kalmykia. In 2013, 266 heads were exported from the Russian Federation in the same direction.

In 2012, 22 heads of purebred pedigree sheep of the Texel breed from the Czech Republic were imported to Russia, 233 heads of the Romanov breed were exported from the Russian Federation to Abkhazia, and 100 heads of the Edilbaev breed were exported to Armenia.

Pedigree goat breeding in Russia

The total number of breeding goats in Russia in agricultural organizations as of the beginning of 2015 was 10,410, including female goats and goats over 1 year old - 8,148, goats under 1 year - 96, breeder goats - 205. , goats up to 1 year - 1,959 pcs.

In total, in Russia, according to the state breeding register, as of March 30, 2016, there are 14 breeding farms in the field of goat breeding. Including 2 breeding plants, 11 breeding reproducers, 1 gene pool farm.

Goat breeds bred in Russia

According to the state breeding registry, the following breeds of goats are bred in Russia at breeding enterprises: dairy goats of the Saanen breed; downy goats of the Gorno-Altai breed (Chuya and Seminsky types), Orenburg breed; wool goats of the Soviet wool breed.

Imports of purebred breeding goats into Russia are at relatively low levels, but in recent years they have tended to increase. In 2015, 675 heads were imported (Saanen breed, Alpine breed). In 2014, only 438 heads were imported, in 2013 - 303 heads, in 2012 there were no deliveries. Breeding goats are not exported from the Russian Federation.

Production of lamb and goat meat in Russia

Production of lamb and goat meat in farms of all categories in 2015 amounted to 455.8 thousand tons in live weight (202.2 thousand tons in slaughter weight), which is 0.8% or 3.8 thousand tons less than in In 2014, over 5 years, production increased by 11.3% or 46.2 thousand tons, over 10 years the growth was 35.1% or 118.4 thousand tons.

Production of lamb and goat meat by regions of Russia

Production of lamb and goat meat in Dagestan. The first place in the production of lamb and goat meat in live weight in farms of all categories in 2015 is occupied by the Republic of Dagestan with a share of 12.8% of all-Russian production. Production in live weight in 2015 amounted to 58.4 thousand tons (25.9 thousand tons in slaughter weight), which is 3.2% or 1.8 thousand tons more than in 2014, by 1.9 % (1.1 thousand tons) less than in 2010, 21.6% or 10.4 thousand tons more than in 2005.

Production of lamb and goat meat in Kalmykia. In second place in the production of sheep and goat meat in 2015 is the Republic of Kalmykia with a production volume of 51.8 thousand tons in live weight (23.0 thousand tons in slaughter weight), whose share is 11.4% of the total production of lamb and goat meat in the Russian Federation. Over the year, the production of sheep and goat meat increased by 2.3% or 1.2 thousand tons, over 5 years - by 37.2% or 14.0 thousand tons, over 10 years the increase was 122.5% or 28 .5 thousand tons.

Production of lamb and goat meat in the Stavropol Territory. The third place is occupied by the Stavropol Territory with production of 39.6 thousand tons in live weight (17.6 thousand tons in slaughter weight). The share of the Stavropol Territory in production volumes in the Russian Federation is 8.7%. Compared to 2014, the growth was 0.1% or 0.03 thousand tons, since 2010 production increased by 11.3% or 4.0 thousand tons, since 2005 - by 54.2% or 13 .9 thousand tons.

Production of lamb and goat meat in Bashkiria. In fourth place is the Republic of Bashkortostan, where the production of sheep and goat meat in 2015 amounted to 26.5 thousand tons. This is 5.8% of the total.

Production of lamb and goat meat in the Astrakhan region. In fifth place is the Astrakhan region. The production of lamb and goat meat in the region amounted to 24.1 thousand tons, the share was 5.3%.

The TOP 10 key regions for the production of lamb and goat meat in live weight in farms of all categories in 2015 also included: Rostov region (production - 20.5 thousand tons, share in the total volume in the Russian Federation - 4.5%), Republic Tatarstan (19.2 thousand tons, 4.2%), Volgograd region (17.4 thousand tons, 3.8%), Karachay-Cherkess Republic (15.8 thousand tons, 3.5%), Saratov region (15.2 thousand tons, 3.3%).

Import of lamb to Russia

The highest volume of lamb imports to Russia was observed in 2008 (17.2 thousand tons). In the context of the global financial and economic crisis, which led to a weakening of the ruble, in 2009 imports fell by 43.2% to 9.8 thousand tons.

Then, over the course of several years, lamb supplies to Russia were at relatively stable levels. In 2015, another round of ruble devaluation began, as a result of which imported products purchased in foreign currency significantly increased in price on the domestic market. Lamb supplies to Russia decreased to 3.8 thousand tons (fell by 78.0% compared to 2008). In January-February 2016, there was a recovery in import volumes compared to the same period in 2015 (by 70.6%), however, compared to 2014, there was a decrease in supply volumes by 57.2%, compared to 2013 - by 69. 9%, since 2012 - by 52.3%.

Concerning import of goat meat, then supplies of this type of meat to the Russian Federation are practically not carried out.

Other types of meat in Russia in January-September 2016 produced 54.4 thousand tons in live weight (30.4 thousand tons in terms of slaughter weight). Compared to January-September 2015, production decreased by 5.7% or 3.3 thousand tons in live weight (in slaughter weight - by 1.8 thousand tons).

Milk production

Milk production in Russia in farms of all categories in January-September 2016 amounted to 24,031.9 thousand tons. Compared to the same period in 2015, milk yield decreased by 0.7% or 163.0 thousand tons. In the structure of milk production in January-September 2016, 48.0% came from agricultural organizations, 45.3% from households, 6.7% from peasant farms and individual entrepreneurs.

Milk production in Russia 2001-2015

Milk production in Russia has been at relatively stable levels for a number of years. At the same time, there is a significant reduction in the number of cows, which is compensated by an increase in the productivity of the dairy herd.

Milk production in farms of all categories in 2015 amounted to 30,781.1 thousand tons, which is 0.03% or 9.8 thousand tons less than in 2014; over 5 years, production decreased by 3.3% or by 1,066.2 thousand tons, over 10 years the decrease was 0.9% or 288.8 thousand tons. Compared to 2001, milk production in the Russian Federation decreased by 6.4%.

The number of cows in farms of all categories in Russia as of the end of 2015 amounted to 8,379 thousand heads. Over the year it decreased by 1.8%, over 5 years - by 5.3%, over 10 years - by 12.0%. Compared to 2001, the number of cows in the Russian Federation decreased by 31.9% or 3,931 thousand heads.

Milk production in the commercial sector (agricultural organizations and farms) has a steady upward trend, while production in households, on the contrary, is declining. Indicators in the commercial sector as of 2015 amounted to 16,748 thousand tons - 54.4% of the total volume. Over 10 years, milk production in agricultural organizations and on farms in the country increased by 11.8%.

Milk production in households in 2015 amounted to 14,033 thousand tons - 45.6% of the total volume. Over 10 years, milk production in this category of farms decreased by 12.8%.

Milk production by regions of Russia

Milk production is distributed relatively evenly across Russian regions. There are no clear leading regions where volumes reach decisive values ​​for the entire industry. The TOP-20 milk producing regions account for 57.4% of the total volumes in the Russian Federation.

Milk production in the Republic of Bashkortostan. The first place in milk production in Russia in 2015 in farms of all categories is occupied by the Republic of Bashkortostan with a share of 5.9% of total Russian production. In 2015, 1,812.3 thousand tons were produced here, which is 2.2% or 39.2 thousand tons more than in 2014. However, this is 12.8% or 265.8 thousand tons less than in 2010 and 13.0% or 271.2 thousand tons less than production volumes in 2005.

Milk production in the Republic of Tatarstan. In second place in milk production in 2015 is the Republic of Tatarstan with a production volume of 1,750.7 thousand tons (5.7% of the total volume in the Russian Federation). Over the year, milk production in Tatarstan increased by 1.3% or 22.4 thousand tons, over 5 years there was a decrease - by 9.4% or 182.2 thousand tons, over 10 years the increase was 14.0% or 215.3 thousand tons.

Milk production in the Altai region. Altai Territory, with a production of 1,414.9 thousand tons, ranks third in the ranking of regions for milk production. The share of the Altai Territory in the volume of production in the Russian Federation is 4.6%. Over the year, the indicators have not changed; since 2010, there has been a decrease of 0.6% or 7.9 thousand tons; since 2005, the indicators have increased by 7.4% or 97.2 thousand tons.

Milk production in the Krasnodar region. In fourth place is the Krasnodar Territory, where milk production in 2015 amounted to 1,328.2 thousand tons. This is 4.3% of the total. Compared to 2014, there was an increase in production by 2.0% or 26.1 thousand tons; compared to 2010, the figures fell by 4.9% or 68.5 thousand tons; since 2005, production has increased by 1 .9% or 24.6 thousand tons.

Milk production in the Rostov region. Fifth place belongs to the Rostov region with a share in all-Russian production of 3.5% (1,080.5 thousand tons). Over the year, milk production in the region increased by 0.1% or 0.7 thousand tons, over 5 years the growth was 7.7% (77.4 thousand tons), over 10 years - 19.9% ​​(179. 2 thousand tons).

Milk production in the Republic of Dagestan. The Republic of Dagestan, with a production volume of 820.2 thousand tons and a share of 2.7%, is in sixth place in the all-Russian ranking of milk producers in 2015. Since 2014, production here has increased by 3.6% or 28.3 thousand tons, since 2010 - by 38.6% or 228.5 thousand tons, since 2005 - by 120.5% or 448 ,2 thousand tons.

Milk production in the Voronezh region. The Voronezh region is in seventh place with a share of 2.6% and a production volume of 805.8 thousand tons. Compared to 2014, the volume of milk production in the region increased by 2.2% or 17.3 thousand tons, from 2010 - by 17.9% or 122.5 thousand tons, from 2005 - by 30, 3% or 187.6 thousand tons.

Milk production in the Orenburg region. Eighth place is occupied by the Orenburg region - 797.1 thousand tons (2.6% of total production). Over the year, production here fell by 1.7% or 14.0 thousand tons, over 5 years - by 7.4% or 64.0 thousand tons, over 10 years it increased by 6.3% or 47 ,2 thousand tons.

Milk production in the Krasnoyarsk region. The Krasnoyarsk Territory, with a volume of 730.2 thousand tons and a share in all-Russian production of 2.4%, is in 9th place in the ranking of milk producing regions in 2015. Compared to the previous year, production increased by 0.8% or 5.7 thousand tons, by 2010 - by 3.2% or 22.8 thousand tons, by 2005 - by 14.3% or by 91.3 thousand tons.

Milk production in the Udmurt Republic. The Udmurt Republic closes the top ten leaders in milk production in 2015, accounting for 2.4% of the total production volume - 729.0 thousand tons. This is 0.7% or 5.0 thousand tons more than in 2014, 8.6% or 57.8 thousand tons more than the volumes in 2010 and 15.8% or 99.2 thousand more. tons exceeds the 2005 figures.

The largest milk producing regions (TOP 20 rating) in 2015 also included:

11. Saratov region (production volume - 728.3 thousand tons, share in the total volume in the Russian Federation - 2.4%).

12. Omsk region (703.1 thousand tons, 2.3%).

13. Stavropol Territory (686.8 thousand tons, 2.2%).

14. Novosibirsk region (659.5 thousand tons, 2.1%).

15. Sverdlovsk region (656.7 thousand tons, 2.1%).

16. Moscow region (630.5 thousand tons, 2.0%).

17. Nizhny Novgorod region (619.8 thousand tons, 2.0%).

18. Leningrad region (588.7 thousand tons, 1.9%).

19. Kirov region (578.8 thousand tons, 1.9%).

20. Tyumen region (551.6 thousand tons, 1.8%).

The total milk production in farms of all categories in 2015 in regions not included in the TOP 20 amounted to 13,108.6 thousand tons. This is 42.6% of the country's total volumes.

Egg production

Egg production in Russia in January-September 2016 in farms of all categories was at the level of 32,986.9 million pieces. Compared to January-September 2015, the growth in production volume was 1.9% or 618.2 million units. The structure of egg production in January-September 2016 was distributed as follows: 77.3% came from agricultural organizations, 21.8% from households, 0.9% from peasant farms.

Russian egg market 2001-2015

Egg production in Russia in 2015 in all categories of farms amounted to 45523.6 million units, which is 1.6% more than in 2014. Over 5 years (compared to 2010) it increased by 4.7%. Over 10 years (compared to 2005) it increased by 14.5%.

At the same time, egg production in the industrial sector of egg poultry farming (agricultural organizations and farms) in 2015 amounted to 33,738.5 million pieces, which is 2.6% higher than in 2014. Egg production in the non-commodity sector (household households) was at the level of 8,785.1 million pieces. Compared to 2014, it decreased by 2.1%

Egg production in Russia by federal districts

In first place in terms of egg production in Russia in 2015 is the Volga Federal District with indicators for all categories of farms of 10,694.2 million pieces and a share of the total volume in Russia at 25.1%. Compared to 2014, egg production in the Volga Federal District increased by 1.3%.

The second place is occupied by the Central Federal District with figures of 8839.3 million pieces and a share of 20.8% in the total volume of egg production in Russia. Compared to 2014, egg production increased by 2.6%.

In third place is the Siberian Federal District, where egg production over the year increased by 3.2% to 6,535.8 million pieces. The share of the Siberian Federal District in the total volume of egg production in the Russian Federation in 2015 was 15.4%.

The fourth place is occupied by the Ural Federal District, where 4588.2 million units were produced in 2015. This is 10.8% of the total volume. Compared to 2014, egg production in the Ural Federal District increased by 3.8%.

In fifth place is the Southern Federal District with figures of 4562.3 million units and a share of the total volume in Russia at 10.7%. Compared to 2014, egg production in the Southern Federal District increased by 3.3%.

The Northwestern Federal District is in sixth place in terms of egg production - 4,200.3 million pieces, which is 2.9% less than in 2014. The share of the Southern Federal District in the total volume of egg production in Russia in 2015 was 9.9%.

In seventh place is the North Caucasus Federal District with figures of 1,425.5 million units and a share of the total volume in Russia at 3.4%. Compared to 2014, egg production in the district decreased by 0.4%.

Eighth place is occupied by the Far Eastern Federal District, where 1172.8 million eggs were produced in 2015. Compared to 2014, egg production decreased by 1.5%. The share of the Far Eastern Federal District in the total volume of egg production in Russia was 2.8%.

In ninth place is the Crimean Federal District with figures of 505.3 million units and a share of the total volume in Russia at 1.2%. Compared to 2014, egg production decreased by 10.2%.

Egg production by regions of Russia in 2015. Rating of TOP 20 regions:

The largest egg-producing region in Russia is the Leningrad region. Here in 2015, 3,060.9 million units were produced, which is 1.7% less than in 2014. The region's share in the total volume in the Russian Federation in 2015 was 7.2%.

Egg production in the Rostov region(2nd largest egg producing region with a share of the total volume in the Russian Federation at 4.5%) in 2015, compared to 2014, increased by 0.2% and amounted to 1,907.0 million pieces.

Egg production in the Yaroslavl region(3rd largest egg producing region with a share of the total volume in the Russian Federation at 4.0%) in 2015, compared to 2014, increased by 14.2% and amounted to 1,717.1 million pieces.

Egg production in the Chelyabinsk region(4th place, share - 3.7%) in 2015, compared to 2014 increased by 7.3% to 1577.8 million units.

Egg production in the Krasnodar region(5th place, share - 3.6%) in 2015, compared to 2014 increased by 8.4% to 1516.7 million units.

Egg production in the Belgorod region(6th place, share - 3.5%) in 2015, compared to 2014 increased by 13.4% to 1474.0 million units.

Egg production in the Tyumen region(7th place, share - 3.4%) in 2015, compared to 2014 increased by 0.8% to 1456.8 million units.

Egg production in Sverdlovsk region (8th place, share - 3.4%) in 2015, compared to 2014 increased by 3.7% to 1448.8 million units.

Egg production in the Republic of Mordovia(9th place, share - 3.3%) in 2015, compared to 2014 increased by 3.1% to 1422.5 million units.

Egg production in the Nizhny Novgorod region(10th place, share - 3.1%) in 2015, compared to 2014, changed insignificantly and amounted to 1329.5 million units.

The TOP 20 main egg producing regions also included:

11. Novosibirsk region - 1252.3 million units, share in all-Russian production - 2.9%.

12. Republic of Tatarstan – 1170.6 million units, 2.8%.

13. Kemerovo region – 1148.4 million units, 2.7%.

14. Altai Territory – 1100.4 million units, 2.6%.

15. Orenburg region – 1080.1 million units, 2.5%.

16. Perm region – 1074.8 million units, 2.5%.

17. Saratov region – 1000.0 million units, 2.4%.

18. Irkutsk region – 993.7 million units, 2.3%.

19. Udmurt Republic – 939.7 million units, 2.2%.

20. Republic of Bashkortostan – 928.3 million units, 2.2%.

Production of egg powder

Volume production of egg powder in Russia in 2015, according to official data, compared to 2014 it decreased slightly - by 7.6%. The largest volumes of egg powder production in 2015 occurred in May, June, July, August, September, and December.

Melange production

Melange production in Russia in 2015, increased by 15.2% compared to 2014. The highest monthly volumes of melange production in 2015 were observed in September-December.

• Product Description
• Marketing Plan
• Production plan
• • Milk
  • Meat
• Calendar plan
• Financial plan
• Which equipment to choose
• • • • Similar business ideas:

We propose to consider a business plan for cattle breeding using an example small farm Ulyanovsk region. This business plan can be used as a feasibility study for agricultural activities. enterprises when receiving a bank loan or participating in government support.

Description of the cattle breeding project

We bring to your attention a feasibility study for the creation of a small enterprise for breeding cattle.

The goal of the project is to breed beef and dairy cattle for subsequent agricultural sales. products to the population in the form of milk and meat.

The production of this type of product is a promising direction, since the meat products market is one of the largest food markets. Meat products are in constant demand both among the population and among organizations when purchasing meat products for further processing.

To increase your chances of creating a profitable business, check out free courses on the possibilities of making money in real estate. You can not only learn about different types of income generation, but also begin to put them into practice.

Where to start implementing the project

1. Construction of premises for livestock breeding;
2. Purchase of young animals for meat and dairy production;
3. Growing and breeding animals in order to obtain a finished product in the form of milk and meat;
4. Sales of finished products (milk and meat) to the population.

To implement the project, it is planned to attract credit funds in the amount of 650 thousand rubles. The entire amount of the loan received will be used for the purchase of fixed assets and the construction of premises for keeping livestock.

How much money do you need to start a cattle breeding business?

To carry out the production activities of the enterprise, an individual entrepreneurship was registered.

Which OKVED code should I indicate when registering this business?

The main activity of an individual entrepreneur is OKVED code 01.2 - livestock.

Which tax system to choose for cattle breeding

The simplified taxation system (STS) was chosen as the taxation system - 6% of gross income.

At the beginning of the project, the following livestock will be purchased:

1. Cows aged 24 months - 5 heads;
2. Young cattle (bulls) aged 6 months - 12 heads;

A total of 17 goals.

The main part of the feed will be purchased from farmers. processing enterprises at retail prices. The rest of the feed (hay and straw) will be partially procured by the individual entrepreneur.

The production activities of the farm will be carried out with the involvement of 2 hired workers for general laborer positions.

Table No. 1: Planned staffing

Product Description

The project provides for the purchase of young cattle from third-party organizations with further raising of the livestock on the farm and the sale of meat and dairy products.

The activities of our farm will be divided into 3 stages:

1. purchase of young animals (up to 6 months old);
2. animal care;
3. sale of the resulting products - meat and milk.

To obtain high milk yield, it is planned to purchase a highly productive black-and-white breed for dairy production. This breed of cow is capable of producing about 8,000 liters of milk with a fat content of 3.5 - 4% or 20 liters of milk per day during the lactation period (305 days). The live weight of an adult cow is from 450 to 600 kg. In one calendar year, a cow consumes an average of 18 tons of feed.

To raise beef cattle, calves of the Simmental breed will be purchased. This breed of cattle is characterized by increased meat productivity; by the age of 18 months, the bull gains weight from 850 to 1100 kg.

The cattle feeding diet will include:

• Compound feed;
• Straw;
• Hay;
• Haylage;
• Roots;
• Beet;
• Potato;
• Cake and meal.

Marketing Plan

The main competitors of our farm will be similar producers, personal subsidiary plots, peasant farms and larger agricultural production complexes.

Sales of manufactured products are planned to be carried out in the following areas:

1. Sales of products at retail outlets in Dimitrovgrad, in particular at the “meat market”;
2. Sales of meat and milk in the locality at the place of registration of the individual entrepreneur;
3. Sale of manufactured products in small wholesale to reseller organizations;
4. Sale of products in the form of exit trade (from a car) in neighboring settlements.

Sales of products will be carried out at prices:

• Beef retail: 250 rub./kg;
• Beef wholesale: 170 rub./kg;
• Milk retail: 35 rub./l.;
• Milk wholesale: 24 rub./kg.

It is planned to sell up to 2250 liters per month. milk and 350 kg of meat, or:

1. Retail milk - 1000 kg;
2. Wholesale milk - 1250 kg;
3. Retail meat - 150 kg;
4. Meat wholesale - 200 kg.

Production plan

To determine the main economic indicators of the enterprise’s activity, we will calculate the planned expenses and income of our farm.

To grow and maintain 1 head per month, an average of 1.5 tons of feed (hay, straw, grain) is required. One adult cow eats about 50 kg of feed per day. The average cost of a feed ration (50kg) per day is 80 rubles, per month - 2400 rubles per head. To maintain 17 heads per month, an average of 41,000 rubles will be spent.

Total total amount monthly costs will be 79,000 rubles.

How much can you earn from this business?

Let's move on to calculating the monthly gross income of the farm.

Milk

On average, one cow produces 20 liters of milk per day. For the first 2 months, 10 liters of milk will be used to feed the calves. Subsequently, all milk is used for sale. Considering that 2 months are allocated for calving, the planned volume of milk sales per year will be 5400 liters per cow:

1. 30 days*20 liters/day*8 months=4800 liters
2. 30 days*10 liters/day*2 months=600 liters

Accordingly, from 5 heads per year you can get up to 27,000 liters of milk.

Meat

Bulls purchased at the age of 6 months, at proper nutrition and care for 1 year they will gain up to 500 kg of live weight, with a meat yield of 70%, about 350 kg will come out of each.

Accordingly, from 12 heads you can get up to 4200 kg of marketable meat.

Table No. 3 Average monthly revenue of the farm

In total, the total monthly revenue will be 1,638,000 rubles.

* For ease of calculation, sales volumes are indicated by month. However, in the financial forecast, for the first time, meat will not be sold for several months (unlike milk), but as the young animals grow, the entire volume of meat will be sold. As a result, the proceeds received from the sale of meat will cover all previous costs of maintaining the animals, and the remainder of the funds will be our profit.

Calendar plan

To implement the project it is necessary to carry out the following activities:

Table No. 4 Project implementation schedule

It is planned that milk sales will begin in the fall of 2013. The sale of the first batch of meat is planned for the summer of 2014.

Financial plan

To organize a farm, investments in the amount of 650 thousand rubles will be required. For these purposes, a bank loan will be issued.

The main expenses of a farm will be the cost of raising animals, that is, for feed - 41 thousand rubles per month. The second largest expense item is the payment of wages to two workers - 20 thousand rubles. per month.

Based on the above data, it is possible to calculate the main indicators of the economic efficiency of the farm.

How much can you ultimately earn from cattle production?

Net profit at the end annual sales milk and meat will be 556,720 rubles.

What can you do right now?

Download the premium business plan for cattle breeding with quality guarantee

1. Confidentiality
2. Summary
3. Project implementation stages
4. Characteristics of the object
5. Marketing Plan
6. Technical and economic data of equipment
7. Financial plan
8. Risk assessment
9. Financial and economic justification for investments
10. conclusions

Which equipment to choose

• Tractors for transporting feed and removing manure from barns.
• Various attachments for tractors necessary for collecting and preparing hay: mowers, rakes, tedders, plows, etc.
• Gazelle for transporting dairy and meat products to the market.

In addition to the basic equipment, it is also necessary to purchase milk cans, shovels, forks and other agricultural tools.

What documents are needed to open

Raising cattle for commercial purposes to sell meat and milk requires registration as an individual entrepreneur or LLC, depending on the volume of production and the number of co-founders. Documents required for registration of an individual entrepreneur: an application certified by a notary, a photocopy of the passport and ID code, a receipt for payment of the state duty, as well as an indication of the required OKVED codes. After this, a veterinary examination of the animals will also be required in order to be able to sell meat and milk on the market.

Do I need permission to open?

To open a farm, you will need to obtain permission from the fire inspectorate and sanitary-epidemiological station. In addition, you need to open up the face of communication and choose the optimal form of taxation.

It is better to focus cattle breeding on the production of two types of products: milk and meat. For selling milk the best option There will be a wholesale distribution agreement with nearby dairies. This way you can always supply fresh goods to the market, regardless of the amount of milk produced. To sell milk at retail, we recommend considering the option with selling milk through a milk machine.

Additionally, you can organize the production of skins, wool, and young animals. Also remember that success in the cattle business lies primarily in the health of the animal, so hiring a full-time cattle breeder and veterinarian is a must. It is better to start a business with a small farm, and gradually invest the money received in its expansion. This will allow you to better feel the market, coordinate contact with the consumer and amortize start-up costs.

How to increase your chances of success before the project starts

Before you finally decide which breeding business to start, pay attention to other business plans, it is better to invest a little time and a small amount of money on detailed research now, than later sadly think about who needs my products.

4 ready-made business plans for breeding that you can download right now

See also several similar premium business plans:

• Business plan for breeding sheep, goats, rams
• Poultry farming business plan
• Ostrich breeding business plan
• Rabbit Farm Business Plan

Any business requires registration and accounting:

• Open an individual entrepreneur for free without leaving home (online)
• How to do basic bookkeeping and submit reports via the Internet without a staff of accountants, using an online service

An important area of ​​commercial and private agricultural activity is cattle breeding. This process, with the right approach, can become effective and profitable business. But what is needed for this? Let's look at the basics of organizing activities for breeding cows to produce milk and meat.

Basics

The process of breeding cattle (cattle) - activities for the cultivation and maintenance of farm animals of the Bull subfamily. The purpose of the activity is to obtain meat, milk, hide and wool, use animals as draft power, as well as breeding work.

The total number of cattle on the planet is about 1.5 billion animals. In modern cattle breeding there are about 300 breeds of cattle. About 50 breeds are used in Russia.

Number of cattle in Russia and distribution by type of farm (data for 2016):

As can be seen from the population data, breeding and keeping cows is effective both as a business and as a private rearing activity at home to produce milk and meat.

Cattle breeds

Agricultural and farming organizations may focus on obtaining meat or milk. In Russia, mixed farms predominate, where priority is given to the breeding of meat and dairy breeds.

This approach allows you to quickly respond to market changes and effectively implement a flexible policy when selling dairy and meat products.

Other quality cow breeds:

• Dutch;
• black-and-white;
• red steppe;
• Sychevskaya;
• Swiss;
• Kalmyk;
• Bestuzhevskaya;
• Charolais;
• limousine;
• Kazakh white-headed.

The characteristics of modern beef and dairy breeds make it possible to effectively breed cows throughout almost the entire territory of Russia. The main conditions are the quality of feed and conditions of detention.

Sanitary requirements

An important condition for cattle breeding is compliance with veterinary and sanitary rules.

The norms of veterinary and sanitary control are regulated at the legislative level, annually updated and clarified by orders of the Ministry of Agriculture and others regulations competent government bodies.

Primary requirements:

• maintenance and grazing in strictly designated areas;
• compliance with the rules for protecting cows from other domestic animals;
• availability of ventilation;
• regular cleaning and storage of manure in special places;
• the presence of washing, veterinary and other separate premises necessary for the quality maintenance of cows;
• compliance with the rules for sectional and group placement of cattle;
• availability of walking areas;
• organization of quality feeding;
• regular disinsection (destruction of insects), decontamination (destruction of ticks) and deratization (destruction of rodents) of the barn premises;
• the presence of quarantine zones in barns;
• systematic vaccination on time and regular examination by a veterinarian.

Breeding as a business

Cattle breeding is one of the promising business areas in agriculture.

In conditions of growing demand for environmentally friendly, high-quality meat and dairy products, well-organized farming can become a stable source of growing profits. But high competition and risks require a balanced and thoughtful approach to organizing such a business.

Planning

The first step towards organizing a farm is drawing up a detailed business plan that will take into account all financial costs and profitability.

Directions of financial costs when organizing a farm:

• territory rental;
• construction or repair of barns, other production premises;
• current utility costs;
• purchase of young animals;
• procurement and purchase of feed;
• maintenance of animals and premises.

Organizational issues that also need to be resolved:

• registration of a farmer organization;
• attracting credit funds (if necessary);
• coordination of contractual terms for the supply of feed, equipment, livestock;
• obtaining all veterinary and sanitary permits.

Working out logistics is key. Choosing a farm location must take into account a number of factors.

1. Remoteness of food sources. It is better if it is directly from the manufacturer.
2. Development of transport infrastructure.
3. Availability of quality pastures and meadows.
4. Product sales objects, distance.

Another most important aspect planning - market analysis in the region. The purpose of this work is to determine the degree of demand for farm products, the shortage or surplus of local items, their quality and price.

The choice of cow breed is an equally important factor to consider when planning.

When selecting the optimal breeds, there are a number of key aspects to consider:

• adaptability to local climatic conditions;
• milk yield and live weight indicators;
• demanding conditions of detention and diet.

The purchase of livestock should be carried out in large breeding farms, where the work of breeding purebred individuals is carried out at a professional level.

Organizing a barn

The barn must meet the requirements established in the relevant GOSTs. When arranging it, it is important to take into account the parameters and conditions that are set out in these documents.

Key Requirements

1. Ceiling height - at least 2.5 m.
2. For one cow at least 6 sq. m, with a calf - 10 sq. m. The animal should move calmly and lie down to rest.
3. Temperature range - from 10 to 18°C. In winter, the temperature should not drop below. There is a slight decrease - the rate of feeding for warming is increased, if the temperature drop is significant - it is necessary to take measures to insulate the premises.
4. Cattle produce ammonia and carbon dioxide. The barn must have effective system ventilation. There should be no drafts.
5. Equipment of special drains for effective removal of manure and urine.
6. Ensuring that barns are illuminated for at least 14 hours a day.

Factors to consider when organizing a barn:

• square;
• electricity;
• water supply;
• heating;
• ventilation;
• feed supply and dosage system;
• equipment for obtaining milk (if breeding dairy breeds);
• manure removal complex.

A cowshed for 30 cows for a small farm includes several sectors.

1. Stables.
2. Stall dividers.
3. Feed table.
4. Maternity ward.
5. Stalls for cows and calves.
6. Separate stalls for bulls.
7. Dairy washing department.
8. Technological passage.
9. Prifarmskoe manure storage facility.
10. Cup automatic drinker.
11. Manure receiving and collection channels.

As the area increases, the number of barn elements increases. The availability of equipment provides varying levels of automation. In advanced farms, almost all cow maintenance processes are automated.

Equipment

1. Machine milking devices.
2. Feed grinders. Cows eat fine feed better, it is better absorbed, which affects the quality and speed of weight gain. There are two types - root cutters and straw cutters.
3. Feed crushers. Used for crushing feed. There are three main types - drum, disk, roller.
4. Conveyors and conveyors. Machines for continuous movement of various loads. On large farms and in barns they are indispensable for feeding feed.

Staff of specialists

To organize the normal functioning of a barn, it is necessary to attract highly qualified specialists in several areas. Full staff:

1. Veterinary workers.
2. Milkmaids.
3. Cattlemen.
4. Calf sheds.
5. Machine operators and other technical personnel.
6. Engineers.

Cattle rearing techniques

The term breeding technique is directly related to the procedure for reproducing livestock on a farm. Selection work makes it possible to increase the number of cattle while maintaining pedigree properties.

Factors to consider during reproduction:

1. Physiological and sexual maturity of individuals. Readiness for fertilization and insemination depends on factors: breed, age, nutrition, climate, living conditions. Beef cows reach reproductive age faster than dairy cows. The reproductive age of females occurs at 6-9 months, males - 7-8 months. Young meat breeds are divided by gender already in the third month after birth.
2. Readiness of females for calving. The female is allowed for fertilization only if she has gained 65-75% of the optimal weight of an adult individual of the breed. The weight of small breed cows is 330 kg, large breeds are 360 ​​kg.
3. Rational use of sire bulls. They are attracted to insemination from 14 months when they reach a weight of 400 kg. In a year, one male is able to inseminate up to 200 females. The load is calculated based on the age of the bull. Young animals are capable of effective mating 2-3 times a week, older ones - once every seven days. The minimum rest period for a bull is one day, preferably two days.
4. Timing of fertilization of females. Cows are allowed to be fertilized no earlier than 18 months.
5. Duration of “rest” after the birth of calves.

The insemination process can be carried out naturally (mating) or artificially (with the help of a special tool). Mating is divided into manual (forced) or free.

Instrumental fertilization can be visocervical or rectocervical. A more effective and productive artificial rectocervical method. In Russia, about 90% of cows are impregnated using instrumental methods.

In winter, cows are kept in a barn all year round, with the onset of the period green grass Many enterprises transfer livestock to free-stall housing with movement to special pens for pastures.

Feeding

Feeding plays a special role in cattle breeding. Its key parameters that are important to consider are diet and feeding standards.

The cows' diet includes 6 types of feed.

1. Green - fresh herbaceous meadow plants.
2. Juicy - silage, root crops, tops.
3. Coarse - hay, straw, grass meal.
4. Concentrated - bran, grains, legumes, cereals, meals, cakes, yeast.
5. Compound feed.
6. Animal origin - meat and bone meal, fish meal.

Feeding standards for cows during the stall period (in kg):

Feeding standards for cows during the grazing period (in kg):

In addition to seasonality, the diet is adjusted depending on the specialization of breeding - meat or dairy. There should be more succulent, green feed for dairy cows. For meat animals, the amount of concentrated, protein-rich feed is increasing.

Bulls, steers and calves have their own dietary characteristics.

The diet of meat breeds can be of three types:

• complete (compound feed);
• summer grazing ( daily norm grazing in the fresh air - at least 13 hours);
• stall

Feeding also depends on the condition of the cow:

• rest period, dead wood - two months before calving;
• milking - the first three months after calving;
• lactation;
• start - stopping milking before the next calving.

Risks and difficulties

Raising and keeping cattle carries a number of risks. This applies to animal diseases. Diseases significantly reduce the quality of products, and infections can lead to the death of the entire livestock.

Main diseases of cows:

• foot and mouth disease;
• brucellosis;
• udder diseases - furunculosis, mastitis, edema;
• arthritis;
• hoof problems - laminitis, strawberry disease, coronary phlegmon;
• endometritis;
• blockage of the esophagus;
• leukemia;
• leptospirosis.

Key causes of diseases:

1. Low quality feed, poor diet.
2. Failure to comply with sanitary and hygienic standards.
3. Poor conditions in the barn.

Preventive measures:

• feed quality control;
• compliance with nutritional standards;
• high-quality care - udder massage, nipple treatment, cleaning;
• maintaining a comfortable level of maintenance - high-quality bedding, optimal temperature regime, access to fresh air, absence of drafts, regular walking;
• regular disinfection of barns;
• vaccination against salmonellosis, foot and mouth disease, anthrax, etc.

It is important to observe the timing and frequency of vaccine administration.

In addition to commercial farming as part of a business project, you can raise cattle at home. The main condition is the availability of land and appropriate outbuildings. Breeding cows is excellent for private farms, as evidenced by the history of the development of the Russian village.

Dilute milk cows It's not so easy at home. It is necessary to have the entire volume of knowledge, create optimal conditions of detention, and constantly devote time and effort to the matter.

Knowledge that is necessary to successfully raise cows at home for milk or meat:

• features of keeping cattle in summer and winter conditions;
• specifics of keeping livestock in a particular region;
• variety of meat and dairy cattle breeds, their profitability;
• diet and feeding standards;
• diseases, treatment and prevention.

1. Regular supply of feed.
2. Monitoring the diet, adjusting it seasonally, taking into account the individual characteristics of the animals.
3. Providing fresh and clean water.
4. The storage areas are cleared of manure every day.
5. Maintaining optimal temperature in the room, protecting the stall from drafts.
6. Arranging a comfortable bedding on the floor and updating it regularly.
7. Organizing walking, maintaining minimal physical activity of the cow.

A well-fed, warm and healthy cow will produce tasty and healthy milk. If necessary, it will become a source of quality beef.

Cattle(abbr. cattle) - farm animals of the “Bulls” subfamily. The main purpose of cattle breeding is the production of meat and the production of skins and sometimes wool. Additional income in each of the main areas is breeding for the purpose of selling young animals.

Of the mandatory in any of the directions, you will definitely need agricultural machinery for the preparation and transportation of feed, animals, hand tools, a hayloft, a calf barn, areas for walking and grazing cattle, a barn with stands, thanks to which it becomes more convenient to feed the animals, as well as to carry out control.

You should immediately think about veterinary medicine, since livestock can become ill with very serious and dangerous diseases such as anthrax and various influenzas, in which all livestock are sent to slaughter. Any farmer must monitor the cleanliness of his production premises, pastures and periodically carry out processing required by veterinary medicine.

Depending on the possibility of peasant farming, climatic conditions, as well as requirements for meat, several systems for keeping cattle are used:

• Stall-pasture. They are kept indoors in winter (with regular walking in pens), and in summer on pasture. In warm seasons, pen-camps are equipped in which animals are kept. Each cow has access to greens, water, and mineral elements.
• Stall-walking system. With it, the herd is kept indoors with mandatory daily walks in special runs, platforms, and mechanized installations.

Farmers often build sheds under which bulls and cows rest or hide from bad weather.

Breeding bulls for meat

Meat breeds

Since the trend in recent years has been the breeding of breeds that produce meat High Quality, for example, marbled, then we will list first of all the meat breeds that have marbleization. Many of them are already being bred by enterprising businessmen in Russia, Ukraine and Belarus.

Aberdeen Angus

This breed is naturally prone to marbling, and proper fattening and care can produce meat of the highest marble category - completely permeated with the thinnest layers of fat, very juicy and tender. Angus gains weight in the region of 1 ton and has a height of up to 1.6 meters. They were bred in Scotland, from where they spread throughout the world, including the CIS countries.

Limousinskaya

Limousines grow up to 1.5 meters in height and weigh about 1 ton. The meat is very tender, juicy with varying degrees of marbling. It is the most exported among French breeds.

Charolais

Originally from France, it grows up to 1.5 meters in height and weighs about 1,500 kilograms. The best bulls of this breed have a genetic defect in the form of increased production of the protein myostatin, which is responsible for increasing muscle mass. But it is impossible to carry out selection on this basis. However, normal Charolais also produce excellent marbled and lean meat.

Hereford

Height is about 1.5 meters, weight is about 1100 kg. Herefords come from England and were bred as meat breeds. It is quite unpretentious, so it occupies one of the most important places in the meat market. When properly fattened, the meat marbs very well.

Shorthorn

It was bred in England and is one of the most common. Shorthorns are characterized by high early maturity. The weight of cows is 500-600 kg, bulls - 800-1000 kg. The meat is very tender, juicy, with evenly permeated fat. The average slaughter yield is around 65%.

Grain and grass fed

This example is suitable for both a large farm and a small one.

useful links

• Codex Alimentarius - Code of Hygienic Practice for Meat developed by FAO
• Everything related to cattle // Fermer.ru Forum, communication between farmers on this topic

There is an opinion that “living well” in a village is much more difficult than in a city. In fact, this is far from true, because you can achieve success in any area, the main thing is to choose the right direction.

From time immemorial, the village lived from livestock and crop production. Today, when we are in the 21st century, absolutely nothing has changed. This publication will discuss one of the most promising business areas for rural areas, which is raising cattle for meat.

So, the first thing that worries the future livestock breeder is the procedure for officially registering his business:

• When working “big”, it is unlikely that you will be able to hide from the long arm of the law, so it is better to contact the tax office and complete all the necessary procedures for.
• Also, for the successful sale of goods in bulk, you cannot do without a quality certificate, the absence of which will certainly become a stumbling block for cooperation with serious organizations (meat processing plants, restaurants, supermarkets, etc.).

In principle, these are the two main “papers” necessary for the legal conduct of this type of activity, but since legislation tends to constantly change, it is better to clarify the list of all necessary documents with the same tax or district administration.

Required areas and premises

Before purchasing calves, it is important to take care of their future habitat. Here you need to understand that fattening cattle takes a lot of time; accordingly, the animals will experience both severe frosts and sultry heat. An ordinary shed can cope with cold weather, and it is not necessary to have heating in it, the main thing is the absence of drafts and moisture.

The room temperature should not fall below -10 degrees.

In the summer, a special paddock with a canopy and a place for walking is used. The design of the facility must certainly include a feeding trough and a pitched floor, thanks to which all waste will be collected in a pan (a linear depression the width of the entire pen).

Please note that calves rapidly gain weight during this period of the year, and in order not to jeopardize their health, regular walking is necessary. It is carried out until puberty; further trips to pasture are fraught with consequences: minimum – a skirmish between bulls, maximum – physical damage to the person responsible for the procedure. This requirement should not be neglected, because animals that are constantly in a stall become inadequate and aggressive.

The required area for keeping 10 bulls, based on the fact that 10-11 m2 per head, is about two acres of land. In total, the cost of the square meters themselves and the total costs of everything Construction Materials will amount to about 100-150 thousand rubles. Of course, erecting buildings will require a lot of time, effort, and most importantly, desire.

Equipment

• The diet of a healthy bull consists of a wide variety of ingredients, mainly grains and melons, as well as herbs. The last point requires special attention; it will take a lot to feed even 10 heads. That is, such volumes cannot be prepared with an ordinary scythe, so you cannot do without a gas mower (7 thousand rubles).
• Naturally, transporting grass will require transport; even an ordinary car with an equipped trailer will do.
• If the future farm will be located in an ordinary private yard, in order to avoid conflicts with neighbors due to an unpleasant odor, it is necessary to arrange waste removal outside the boundaries settlement. The fact that such material also acts as a fertilizer practically eliminates the possibility of any problems arising at this stage.
• Of course, the ideal would be to purchase a tractor, but this is a rather serious investment that will almost double the total budget of the money allocated for the project. But with the help of such equipment and the presence of various attachments and carriages, it will be possible to transport the cargo and harvest the crop, much faster and more efficiently than this can be done with a conventional machine.
• Also, do not forget about processing grain crops (wheat, barley, corn, etc.); an ordinary mini-mill will help turn them into flour; you can buy it at any market.
• Of course, such common tools in rural areas as hoes, shovels and pitchforks must be prepared in advance, because they will be used every day.

Selecting a breed and purchasing animals

It is best to carry out a transaction at the end of winter or early spring, because then by next winter it will be possible to calculate the first profit. It is important to find a decent farm where all the livestock are kept in optimal conditions, which significantly reduces the likelihood of any infections in the animal’s body.

As mentioned earlier, it is not recommended for beginners to start with a large herd, 10 goals will be enough to start with. In this case, it is quite possible to purchase domestic calves, which have proven themselves much better than farm calves.

To find people willing to sell bulls, you will have to improvise, or, as an option, post advertisements in nearby settlements.

The breed plays a key role when choosing an animal; it determines how long it will take the calf to gain the required weight. Moreover, each of existing species differs in care, as well as in the taste of meat. The best option is fast-growing meat breeds. The most popular of them are as follows:

• Charolaise.
• White-headed.
• Simmentalskaya.
• Hereford.

The age of the animal at the time of purchase determines its final cost. So, the cheapest option is to purchase an individual up to 10 days old, but in this case the risk of losing the money invested increases significantly. The fact is that a small bull, up to the age of one month, feeds exclusively on milk (about 8-10 liters per day), therefore, if there is no cow on the farm (although a goat will do for this purpose), it is better to refuse such an acquisition.

Of course, everyone knows about the existence of powdered milk, which can replace a natural product. But again, this is to some extent a risk of getting a weakly growing animal, because not a single concentrate can replace cow's milk. Whatever it was, the best option is to buy one-month-old calves who by this age are already accustomed to regular food.

Care, feeding, breeding and slaughter

If you have decided to save money and purchase newborn bulls, you need to be prepared to care for them around the clock during the first month of life. Calves need to be fed milk or milk substitute three times a day; it is better to create a schedule and stick to it on an ongoing basis.

The most common problem in this procedure, it is the bull’s reluctance to eat on its own. Therefore, you will have to stock up on a regular baby feeding bottle with a nipple and practically force the liquid down your throat. However, after a week, when the animal understands that it is not poison that is being given, it will begin to drink from the bucket on its own.

A calf begins to be accustomed to grass at one month of age; under no circumstances should a freshly cut plant be used for these purposes.

A young body is not able to digest such heavy food, which can lead to diarrhea, and this is an alarming sign. More than 50% of bull calves that begin to lay eggs do not survive, so at first they put hay or straw in the feeder. At the same age, the calf begins to add feed to the milk and gradually replace the milk with water.

At the moment when animals get used to such food, they can safely be taken out to pasture, but there are also some nuances here:

• Walking should be done after the dew has evaporated.
• Do not leave individuals in the open sun.
• Give them water in a timely manner.

During this period, the dangers to the calf’s health become much less, and additional ingredients can be introduced into its diet:

• Carrot.
• Fodder beets.
• Potato.
• Salt.
• Corn without fruit.
• Melons, etc.

Of course, you can get by with just grass and mixed feed, but then you shouldn’t expect maximum weight gain. There is no need to believe those who claim the need for castration; it is reliably known that uncastrated bulls grow faster (+15-20 kg in 1 year).

With this diet, calves are kept up to the age of 1-1.5 years, after which slaughter is carried out. This process is not for the faint of heart and requires certain skills, so it is better to involve a professional. Those who decide to carry out the procedure themselves will have to stun the animal with a heavy object (sledgehammer or back side ax), and then cut his neck.

Further sharp knife The skin is carefully removed so that no meat remains on it. Of course, you need to try not to damage the skin itself, which also costs money. Finally, the stomach and other entrails are removed from the carcass and divided into four parts using an ax, after first separating the head and hooves. It is in this form that the meat is sent for sale.

Product sales channels

Directly final part of this business project is the sale of meat. Here it must be said that the product is in great demand among consumers, so finding your client will not be so difficult. Of course, if the livestock exceeds the size of 5-10 heads, it is unrealistic to realize such volumes in rural areas. Although there is always the option of handing over live weight calves to butchers, this will significantly affect the final profit (-30%).

In order to get the maximum, you need to either trade yourself, or find companies that supply products from the same butchers.

The first thing to consider is the additional costs of transporting meat to the point of sale. If you have your own transport, they are not that big. There are plenty of options for trading on your own. This could be any market with a leased point of sale or even an ordinary passageway, in general - any place with a large crowd of people and without strict requirements from the law.

However, it is much easier, and most often more efficient, to supply meat in bulk to various establishments and organizations. And to find such a client, you will have to show not only persistence, but also bold marketing moves.

Total costs and profits

An approximate calculation looks like this:

• Rent land plot and construction of buildings - 100-150 thousand rubles.
• Purchase of equipment, including a lawn mower and a mini-mill (without a tractor) – 50 thousand rubles.
• Animals themselves (10 heads) – about 100 thousand rubles.
• Feed – 100-150 thousand rubles. for all livestock.

The total is about 350-450 thousand rubles. Based on the calculation that the average weight of calves will be 250-350 kg, the cost of one individual will be 45-55 thousand rubles, and ten - 450-550 thousand rubles. respectively.

Thus, the business pays for itself in the first year of its existence and already in the second year it produces a net profit of just under half a million rubles.

Video material about animal breeding

In the following video you can clearly see the organization of a business using the example of a peasant farm: