Grisha is kind to life. “People's Defender” Grisha Dobrosklonov (based on the poem by N.

Grigory Dobrosklonov appears in the epilogue of the poem, but his significance cannot be compared with the simple completion of the work.

The image and characterization of Grisha Dobrosklonov is the author’s attempt to instill in the reader’s souls optimism and faith in the future.

Description of the hero's father and life in his house

Gregory is the son of sexton Tryphon. The father occupies the lowest level among the ministers of the church. The father is very poor, it’s hard to imagine how the priest’s family lives. He's poorer

"the last seedy peasant."

There are two rooms in Tryphon's house - closets. In one there is a stove that smokes. The other is more than 2 meters high (fathom), suitable only for summer. There are no cows or horses on the farm. The dog and the cat left Tryphon. Mother was kind and caring. She didn't live long. The woman thought about the most essential thing - about salt; as in the song “Salty,” she had to cook for her son in tears. Two images - mother and Motherland - merged into one. Making their lives better became Grisha's goal.

Hero training

Gregory's character

Hero's Dreams

• serfdom;
• hard backbreaking work;
• rampant drunkenness among men;
• terrible poverty and hunger;
• greed and laziness of the nobility;
• ignorance common people.

Grisha prototype

• unique sense of purpose;
• hard work;
• giftedness and talent.

Hero selection

“The army is rising - Innumerable, the strength in it will be indestructible!” The song “Rus” is a hymn about happiness, the power of faith of Russian youth. The sounds of music and the meaning of words penetrated the hearts and lifted the spirit. The young man shared his optimism, and through him the author supported the ideas of his revolutionary friends.

Grisha Dobrosklonov is fundamentally different from the other characters in the poem. If the life of the peasant woman Matryona Timofeevna, Yakim Nagogo, Savely, Ermil Girin and many others is shown in submission to fate and prevailing circumstances, then Grisha has a completely different attitude to life. The poem shows Grisha's childhood and tells about his father and mother. His life was more than hard, his father was lazy and poor:

Poorer than seedy
The last peasant
Tryphon lived.
Two closets:
One with a smoking stove,
Another fathom is summer,
And all this is short-lived;
No cow, no horse,
There was a dog Itchy,
There was a cat - and they left.

This was Grisha’s father; he cared least of all about what his wife and children ate.

The sexton boasted about his children,
And what do they eat -
And I forgot to think.
He himself was always hungry,
Everything was spent on searching,
Where to drink, where to eat.

Grisha's mother died early, she was destroyed by constant sorrows and worries about her daily bread. The poem contains a song that tells about the fate of this poor woman. The song cannot leave any reader indifferent, because it is evidence of enormous, inescapable human grief. The lyrics of the song are very simple, they tell how a child suffering from hunger asks his mother for a piece of bread and salt. But salt is too expensive for poor people to buy it. And the mother, in order to feed her son, waters a piece of bread with her tears. Grisha remembered this song from childhood. She made him remember his unfortunate mother, grieve over her fate.

And soon in the boy's heart
With love to the poor mother
Love for all the wahlacina
Merged - and about fifteen years
Grigory knew for sure
What will live for happiness
A wretched and dark Good Corner.

Gregory does not agree to submit to fate and lead the same sad and wretched life that is typical of most people around him. Grisha chooses a different path for himself and becomes a people's intercessor. He is not afraid that his life will not be easy.

Fate had in store for him
The path is glorious, the name is loud
People's Defender,
Consumption and Siberia.

Since childhood, Grisha lived among wretched, unhappy, despised and helpless people. He absorbed all the people's troubles with his mother's milk, so he does not want and cannot live for the sake of his selfish interests. He is very smart, has a strong character. And it leads him onto a new path, does not allow him to remain indifferent to the people’s disasters. Gregory's reflections on the fate of the people testify to the liveliest compassion that makes Grisha choose such a difficult path for himself. In the soul of Grisha Dobrosklonov, confidence is gradually maturing that his homeland will not perish, despite all the suffering and sorrows that befell it:

In moments of despondency, O Motherland!
My thoughts fly forward.
You are still destined to suffer a lot,
But you won't die, I know.

Gregory’s reflections, which “poured out in song,” reveal him to be very literate and educated person. He is well aware of the political problems of Russia, and the fate of the common people is inseparable from these problems and difficulties. Historically, Russia “was a deeply unhappy country, depressed, slavishly lawless.” The shameful seal of serfdom turned the common people into powerless creatures, and all the problems caused by this cannot be discounted. Consequences Tatar-Mongol yoke also had a significant impact on the formation national character. The Russian man combines slavish submission to fate, and this is the main cause of all his troubles.
The image of Grigory Dobrosklonov is closely connected with the revolutionary democratic ideas that began to appear in society in mid-19th V. Nekrasov created his hero, focusing on the fate of N.A. Dobrolyubov. Grigory Dobrosklonov is a type of commoner revolutionary. He was born into the family of a poor sexton, and from childhood he felt all the disasters characteristic of the life of the common people. Grigory received an education, and besides, being an intelligent and enthusiastic person, he cannot remain indifferent to the current situation in the country. Grigory understands perfectly well that for Russia there is now only one way out - radical changes social order. The common people can no longer be the same dumb community of slaves that meekly tolerates all the antics of their masters:

Enough! Finished with past settlement,
The settlement with the master has been completed!
The Russian people are gathering strength
And learns to be a citizen.

The image of Grigory Dobrosklonov in Nekrasov’s poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” inspires hope in the moral and political revival of Rus', in changes in the consciousness of the ordinary Russian people.
The ending of the poem shows that people's happiness is possible. And even if it is still far from the moment when an ordinary person can call himself happy. But time will pass- and everything will change. And not the least role in this will be played by Grigory Dobrosklonov and his ideas.

1. “Who lives happily and freely in Rus'?”
2. The untold story about the fate of Ermil Girin.
3. The image of Grigory Dobrosklonov as a future people's intercessor.

The poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” was conceived by N. A. Nekrasov as an epic of peasant life. Although serfdom had already been abolished, it did not solve all the problems of the village; on the contrary, often free men and landowners faced new difficulties. Nekrasov wanted to talk about this in his poem. Thus, the plot and images of this work could only be realistic. However, the author also introduced fairy-tale motifs into the poem: seven men, who decided to find out who had the best life in Rus', caught a chick of a talking bird, who gave them a self-assembled tablecloth for its release. Thereby magic item seven peasants can calmly go on a long journey, in which they hope to find the answer to their question, posed by Nekrasov in the title of the poem.

Each of the wanderers who started a dispute about who “lives cheerfully and freely in Rus'” had his own opinion on this matter:

Roman said: to the landowner,
Demyan said: to the official,
Luke said: ass.
To the fat-bellied merchant! —
The Gubin brothers said,
Ivan and Metrodor.
Old man Pakhom pushed
And he said, looking at the ground:
To the noble boyar,
To the sovereign minister.
And Prov said: to the king...

The poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” remained unfinished. Not everyone from the above list was interviewed by wanderers. They managed to talk with the landowner and the priest. Big chapter is dedicated to the fate of the Russian peasant woman Matryona Timofeevna, who decisively told the wanderers that it was pointless to look for a happy one among Russian women. The wanderers attempted to search happy person among ordinary men, just like themselves. But the “man’s happiness” is all right: “holey with patches, hunchbacked with calluses.” Unexpectedly, one peasant told them about Ermil Girin, who enjoys the respect and trust of his fellow villagers and residents of neighboring villages:

If Yermil doesn’t help,
Will not be declared lucky
So there's no point in wandering around...

Yermil came from the common people. In his youth, he served as a clerk in the office of the estate manager, Prince Yurlov. It was then that people appreciated him highly moral qualities. Yermil selflessly helped the peasants in any way he could. Of course, his position was very small, but still, as a literate person, he could give practical advice, help draw up a request, and for the peasants this was of great importance. It is especially important that Yermil did not take money for his help - after all, most officials, even the smallest ones, willingly used their official position for personal gain. During the five years that Yermil worked in the office, he gained the respect of the peasants, who subsequently elected him mayor, village headman.

Yermil’s authority among the people did not suffer even after he once used his official position to relieve his brother from military service. The act of the selfless and honest Yermil did not cause indignation in anyone except the mother of the peasant who was taken as a soldier instead of Mitri, Yermil’s brother: We are silent: there is nothing to argue here,

The master of the headman's brother himself

I wouldn't tell you to shave
One Nenila Vlasevna
I cry bitterly for my son,
Shouts: not our turn!

However, the unfair act, which the villagers were ready to forgive their elder, haunted Yermil. Remorse almost drove him to suicide, and even when justice was restored, he resigned from his position, publicly repenting before the people. But the people still trusted Yermil. This is evidenced by the story of the purchase of the mill. Within an hour, a miracle happened: in response to the cry thrown by Yermil, the people collected the amount that needed to be deposited immediately after the auction. And then, when Yermil went out to distribute the debts, no one tried to take more than they were supposed to, although it was very easy to do this - after all, in his haste, Yermil did not have the opportunity to write down who gave money and how much. Yermil is honest with the people, and ordinary peasants are just as honest with him. He did not deceive them - the people will not let him down.

This person was brought out by Nekrasov in the chapter entitled “Happy”. But if the other “lucky ones” are: a woman who received a large harvest of turnips, the former favorite slave of the lord; proud of his “honorable disease”, gout, - derived by the poet with a significant amount of irony, then Ermil Girin is truly a happy person in the eyes of Nekrasov. He is happy not because of wealth, nobility or power, but because he tried to make the life of the common people easier as best he could. Only such a person, according to Nekrasov, has the right to be called happy. But here's the trouble - it turns out that Yermil was sent to prison in connection with a peasant revolt in a neighboring village. The author of the poem does not report the exact circumstances. However, it should be noted that for Nekrasov such a turn in the fate of the “people's defender” seemed natural. This is the fate he predicts for another lucky person, Grigory Dobrosklonov:

Fate had in store for him
The path is glorious, the name is loud
People's Defender,
Consumption and Siberia.

But Gregory will have to do this in the future. In the meantime, we see him as a recent seminarian who works on an equal basis with the peasants. Poverty is known to Gregory firsthand: his father, the sexton Tryphon, lived “poorer than the last seedy peasant.” And at the seminary, Gregory and his brother Savva were “underfed by the economical grabber.”

The hopeless poverty in which Grigory grew up, the poverty of the peasantry, is vividly captured by Nekrasov in the “Salty” song. What to buy salt with - that was the concern with which Gregory’s mother lived and died. Love for his mother, an “unrequited farm laborer,” the memory of her, in the heart of her son, merged with love “for all the Vakhlachina,” that is, for the common people:

... about fifteen years old
Gregory already knew for sure
Who will he give his whole life to?
And for whom he will die.

And the peasants treat Tryphon and his sons kindly, who behave simply, not at all boasting of their literacy. Ordinary workers willingly share with the sexton and his family everything that God has sent. Only thanks to the help of the peasants did Grisha and his brother survive and grow up. Cherished dream Gregory - the happiness of the common people: ... So that my fellow countrymen

And every peasant
Life was free and fun
All over holy Rus'!

It is Grigory Dobroskponova who considers Nekrasov the main lucky one, since he feels his unity with the people and is determined to give his life in the struggle to improve the situation ordinary people, and this is the ideal of happiness for Nekrasov.

The poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” already in its title contains a question, the answer to which worried any enlightened person in Nekrasov’s time. And although the heroes of the work do not find someone who lives well, the author still makes it clear to the reader who he considers happy. The answer to this question is hidden in the image of Grisha Dobrosklonov, a hero who appears in the last part of the poem, but is far from the last in ideological terms.

Readers first meet Grisha in the chapter “ Good time – good songs”, during a feast, thanks to which the image of Grisha in “Who Lives Well in Rus'” is initially associated with the concept of national happiness. His father, the parish clerk, is loved by the people - it is not for nothing that he is invited to the peasant holiday. In turn, the clerk and sons are characterized as “ simple guys, kind ones,” along with the men, they mow and “drink vodka on holidays.” So from the very beginning of creating the image, Nekrasov makes it clear that Grisha shares his entire life with the people.

Then the life of Grisha Dobrosklonov is described in more detail. Despite his origins from the clergy, Grisha was familiar with poverty from childhood. His father, Tryphon, lived “poorer than the last shabby peasant.” Even the cat and dog chose to run away from the family, unable to bear the hunger. All this is due to the fact that the sexton has an “easy disposition”: he is always hungry and always looking for somewhere to drink. At the beginning of the chapter, his sons lead him, drunk, home. He boasts about his children, but he forgot to think about whether they were full.

Things are no easier for Grisha in the seminary, where the already meager food is taken away by the “economy grabber.” That is why Grisha has an “emaciated” face - sometimes from hunger he cannot sleep until the morning, he is still waiting for breakfast. Nekrasov several times focuses the reader’s attention on precisely this feature of Grisha’s appearance - he is thin and pale, although in another life he could have been a fine fellow: he has a wide bone and red hair. This appearance of the hero partly symbolizes all of Rus', which has the prerequisites for free and happy life, but for now living in a completely different way.

Since childhood, Grisha has been familiar first-hand with the main problems of the peasantry: overwork, hunger and drunkenness. But all this does not embitter, but rather strengthens the hero. From the age of fifteen, a firm conviction matures in him: he must live solely for the good of his people, no matter how poor and wretched they may be. In this decision, he is strengthened by the memory of his mother, the caring and hardworking Domnushka, who lived a short life because of her labors...

The image of Grisha’s mother is the image of a Russian peasant woman dearly loved by Nekrasov, resigned, unrequited, and at the same time carrying within herself a huge gift of love. Grisha, her “beloved son,” did not forget his mother after her death; moreover, her image merged for him with the image of the entire Vakhlachina. The last maternal gift is the song “Salty”, testifying to the depth mother's love- will accompany Grisha all his life. He hums it in the seminary, where it is “gloomy, strict, hungry.”

And longing for his mother leads him to a selfless decision to devote his life to others who are equally deprived.

Note that songs are very important for the characterization of Grisha in the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” by Nekrasov. They briefly and accurately reveal the essence of the hero’s ideas and aspirations, and his main life priorities are clearly visible.

The first of the songs sounding from Grisha’s lips conveys his attitude towards Rus'. It is clear that he perfectly understands all the problems that were tearing the country apart: slavery, ignorance and shame of the peasants - Grisha sees all this without embellishment. He easily selects words that can terrify even the most insensitive listener, and this shows his pain for home country. And at the same time, the song sounds hope for future happiness, the belief that the desired will is already approaching: “But you will not die, I know!”...

Grisha's next song - about a barge hauler - strengthens the impression of the first, depicting in detail the fate of an honest worker who spends "honestly acquired pennies" in a tavern. From private destinies the hero moves on to the depiction of “all mysterious Rus'” - this is how the song “Rus” is born. This is the anthem of his country, full of sincere love, in which one can hear faith in the future: “The army is rising - innumerable.” However, someone is needed to become the head of this army, and this fate is destined for Dobrosklonov.

There are two paths, Grisha believes, one of them is wide, rough, but along it is a crowd greedy for temptations. There is an eternal struggle for “mortal blessings”. It is along it, unfortunately, that the wanderers, the main characters of the poem, are initially directed. They see happiness in purely practical things: wealth, honor and power. Therefore, it is not surprising that they fail to meet Grisha, who has chosen a different path for himself, “tight but honest.” Only strong and loving souls follow this path, wanting to intercede for the offended. Among them is the future people’s intercessor Grisha Dobrosklonov, for whom fate is preparing “a glorious path, ... consumption and Siberia.” This road is not easy and does not bring personal happiness, and yet, according to Nekrasov, this is the only way - in unity with all the people - and one can become truly happy. The “great truth” expressed in Grisha Dobrosklonov’s song gives him such joy that he runs home, “jumping” with happiness and feeling “immense strength” within himself. At home, his delight is confirmed and shared by his brother, who speaks of Grisha’s song as “divine” - i.e. finally admitting that the truth is on his side.

Work test

Grisha Dobrosklonov: character story

“Who lives happily and freely in Rus'?” Russian schoolchildren are trying to find the answer to this question together with. The writer’s poem about men’s wanderings around the world in search of a happy man is called an encyclopedia folk wisdom. The epic work “Who Lives Well in Rus'” contains many characters, and only at the end does he appear main character who turns out to be the lucky one is Grisha Dobrosklonov. The “People's Defender” dreams of the Motherland rising from its knees and the people gaining true freedom.

History of creation

The idea of ​​writing an epic in verse about the life of the Russian people, as a summing up of experience and observations revolutionary poet, came to Nikolai Nekrasov in the late 1850s. The writer took personal impressions of communicating with ordinary people as a basis, and also relied on some literary works.

So, the main source of inspiration was “Notes of a Hunter”. Here Nekrasov spied colorful images of characters and central messages. And only in 1863, when the country had already lived for two years without the shackles of serfdom, the writer sat down to work, eventually spending 14 years collecting and preparing the material.

As planned folk poem showed the unfolding destinies of various strata of society - from peasants to the ruler of the state. The main characters are looking for happy people on Russian soil, they had to travel from their native villages to St. Petersburg, where they would even meet with the Tsar. The journey lasted for a year, fitting into eight parts. However, the plan was not destined to come true - the seriously ill author managed to give the world only four chapters.

As parts were ready, they were published in the magazines Sovremennik and Otechestvennye zapiski. Today the poem looks the same as it was published, because the author did not have time to clarify the “correct” composition:

• "Prologue";
• "Last One";
• "Peasant Woman";
• "A feast for the whole world."

The last chapter did not reach the reader during Nikolai Nekrasov’s lifetime. It was published three years after the death of the author, and then with serious censorship edits. Before his death, the writer changed his plan, trying to convey main idea, and made the ending open, where the most significant character appears - Grisha Dobrosklonov, who became the desired lucky man.

There was no time left to develop the image, so readers saw only a hint of the intended outcome of the poem. Feeling the end of his life, Nikolai Alekseevich lamented:

“One thing I deeply regret is that I did not finish my poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'.”

The writer tried to make the poem as accessible as possible to the perception of ordinary people, so he tried to introduce rhythm into the work folk tales, added a scattering of songs, sayings and sayings, dialect words.

In the work there was a place for details from fairy tales: a self-assembled tablecloth, the number “seven” (so many wanderers went in search of happiness), a bird that can speak in a human voice, the uncertainty of time and place (“in which land - guess” echoes the phrase from folklore “ in some kingdom, in some state").

Plot and image

One day, “on a pillared path,” seven peasants met, and a dispute ensued between them about who should live well in Rus'. Each voiced his own assumption: for sure, the lucky ones are among the priests, landowners, officials, merchants, and boyars. And finally, the king lives freely. It was not possible to come to a consensus, so the men went in search of a happy man to personally verify his existence.

The road leads travelers to the Volga, where the heroes meet peasants who are hiding the abolition of serfdom from the crazy old landowner. In exchange, the rich man’s relatives promise to give the peasants floodplain meadows after his death. However, they never keep their word.

A rumor that a “good-witted” and successful “governor” lives in a certain city leads wanderers to Matryona Timofeevna. However, she disappoints them, claiming that in Rus' there is no trace of female happiness. In the chapter “A Feast for the Whole World,” the peasants of a village on the Volga organize a celebration to mark the death of a landowner. Grisha Dobrosklonov, the 17-year-old son of a priest, appears among the initiators of the party.

The author created the image of a people's defender with a difficult life story. The young man was born into the family of a lazy beggar sexton and a farm laborer from a remote village. Hungry childhood, seminary, where I also had a hard time... The support and generosity of neighboring peasants helped me not to die of hunger, so love for the common people with early years originated in the heart of the hero.

From the character’s description it is clear that Grisha Dobrosklonov sees happiness not in personal good, but in making life easier and simpler for the people. Its meaning life path contains the phrase:

"...and about fifteen years
Gregory already knew for sure
What will live for happiness
Wretched and dark
Native corner."

Image analysis and public position Nekrasova answer the question why Dobrosklonov is happy. The hero stands apart from the scattering of characters in the poem; he is distinguished by his rebellious character and special perception of life. Other characters demonstrate submission to fate, become victims of circumstances. And Grisha is a fighter, the embodied fruit of the author’s thoughts on the paths that would lead Russian people to well-being.

According to critics, the character becomes a continuation of the image, the hero of Ivan Turgenev’s work “Fathers and Sons”, but unlike him, the young man from literary work Nekrasov is not alone; a revolutionary fire has already thoroughly flared up in the minds of people.

The poem contains a description of an intelligent democrat, born and raised in a poor outback, who seeks the truth in books and kills time thinking. Dobrosklonov is a poet who sings songs imbued with revolutionary optimism. The author’s attitude towards the hero is warm: Nikolai Nekrasov put into Grisha his own traits and thoughts about the triumph of democracy.

The artistic outline of the work is woven from random meetings and conversations, individual destinies are intertwined in it, and all together creates a picture of a poor, dirty and drunken Rus', standing on the threshold of change.

The work never came to the attention of the directors. Although in 1989 the namesake of the poem appeared - the film “Who Lives Well in Rus'” was released with, and starring. But the picture does not echo Nekrasov’s poem: the actions take place in post-war years 20th century.

Quotes

“He heard immense strength in his chest,
The sounds of grace delighted his ears,
The radiant sounds of the noble hymn -
He sang the embodiment of people's happiness!

“Fate had prepared for him
The path is glorious, the name is loud
People's Defender,
Consumption and Siberia."

“To feel sorry - to regret skillfully...”

“And I would be glad to go to heaven, but where is the door?”

“To be intolerant is an abyss! To endure is an abyss.”

“Oh mother! oh homeland!
We are not sad about ourselves, -
I feel sorry for you, dear.”

“Russian peasants are smart,
One thing is bad
That they drink until they are stupefied,
They fall into ditches, into ditches -
It’s a shame to see!”