1. The story of one of the most famous fairy tale characters XX century Winnie the Pooh began on August 21, 1921, when the writer Alan Alexander Milne Gave his son Christopher Robin a teddy bear for his birthday. Christopher Robin turned one year old on this day.
In fairness, it must be said that this day is a very conventional birthday of Winnie the Pooh. The teddy bear acquired its name only a few years later, when Christopher Robin grew up. Therefore, Winnie the Pooh also has a second birthday - October 14, 1926, when the first separate book about the teddy bear and his friends was published.
2. The history of the name Winnie the Pooh is described in some detail in Milne's book. However, about the bear Winnipeg, who gave everyone’s favorite bear the first part of his name, special mention should be made. Kept at the London Zoo in the early 1920s, the bear was previously the mascot (living symbol) of the Canadian Army Veterinary Corps, based in the vicinity of Winnipeg. Winnipeg entered the army as a bear cub when 27-year-old regimental veterinarian Lieutenant Harry Colborne bought her for $20.
During the First World War, Winnipeg ended up in London with her unit, but, of course, no one sent her to the battlefield - the animal was left at the London Zoo. The bear was so loved by English children that Winnipeg was left in London after the war. In 1924, Alan Alexander Milne took his son Christopher Robin to see Winnipeg for the first time. The boy liked the bear so much that on the same day his teddy bear received the name Winnie.
In 1981, 61-year-old Christopher Robin Milne unveiled a monument to his friend Winnipeg Bear at London Zoo.
At the same time, Winnie the Pooh has another name - Edward, which is the full form of the traditional English nickname for all teddy bears - Teddy.
3. The books of Alan Alexander Milne grew out of oral histories which the writer told his son. However, most of the characters and locations in the stories about Winnie the Pooh are authentic.
The famous Hundred Acre Wood was actually the 500-acre Ashdown Forest near Cochford Farm, East Sussex, purchased by the Milne family in 1925. In the book about Winnie the Pooh, you can read a completely realistic description of the forest, in which the real Christopher Robin Milne really loved to play.
Piglet was actually a Christopher Robin toy given to him by his neighbors, and Eeyore, like Winnie himself, was a gift from his parents. This toy was deprived of its tail by Christopher Robin himself during the games, which was the reason for Milne Sr. to make the donkey the gloomiest and most dejected hero.
Kanga with Little Roo and Tigger, who appear a little later in the stories about Winnie the Pooh, were bought by Christopher Robin's parents specifically to diversify the stories.
The only ones Christopher Robin didn't have were the Owl and the Rabbit, which is why they appear in the stories as real animals and not toys.
4. In total, Alan Alexander Milne wrote two books about the adventures of Winnie the Pooh - “Winnie the Pooh”, published in 1926, and “The House on Pooh Edge”, published in 1928. The author dedicated both books to his wife and his mother son of Daphne Selincourt.
Each of the books consists of 10 chapters, each of which, in turn, represents a separate complete story. In addition, Winnie the Pooh appears in two books of children's poems by Milne, published in 1924 and 1927.
5. The story of Alan Alexander Milne is similar to that of another English writer -Arthur Conan Doyle. Conan Doyle didn't consider the story about Sherlock Holmes the most successful in his work, and over time he began to perceive the incredible popularity of the detective with outright hostility.
Before the books about Winnie the Pooh appeared, Alan Alexander Milne collaborated with the English humor magazine Punch, and was considered a fairly famous playwright who wrote serious plays for adults. However, after Winnie the Pooh, Milne began to be perceived exclusively as children's writer, which the author himself considered offensive and unfair. However, Milne Sr. could not do anything about this - today from his creative heritage Only Winnie the Pooh is known.
6. In 1929, Alan Alexander Milne sold the commercial rights to exploit the image of Winnie the Pooh producer Stephen Slesinger. The producer released several very popular performance records about Winnie the Pooh. On big screen The bear cub came into being after Slesinger's widow resold the rights to Winnie the Pooh to the studio in 1961. Disney. Having released several cartoons directly based on the book, Disney masters later began to invent their own stories. It is interesting that Milne’s family and, first of all, Christopher Robin Milne, who believed that the style and plots of the film were not related to the spirit of his father’s book, were extremely negatively disposed towards the work of American animators.
7. The history of “Winnie the Pooh” in the USSR began in 1958, when a 20-year-old Lithuanian writer Virgilijus Cepaitis published his version of the translation, based on the Polish translation Irena Tuvim.
In the same 1958 I met Winnie the Pooh Boris Zakhoder, who was to create the canonical Russian version of the adventures of Winnie the Pooh. It is interesting that the book was treated with suspicion: the main children's publishing house of the USSR, Detgiz, rejected it, and the newly created publishing house Detsky Mir risked publishing Zakhoder's translation.
In the canonical Russian version, unlike the original, there are only 18 chapters. Zakhoder himself did not hide the fact that his translation of Milne was very free. For example, in the original Winnie the Pooh is not so creative personality, like Zakhoder - Shouts, Vopilki, Noisemakers, Pyhtelki were invented by a Soviet writer.
8. The first illustrations for books about Winnie the Pooh, which became classic for the British, were created by artist Ernest Shepard, former colleague Alan Alexander Milne from Punch magazine and his army colleague during the First World War.
It is curious that Shepard drew Christopher Robin from Milne’s real son, but the prototype of Winnie the Pooh was the teddy bear of the artist’s son.
Shepard, like Milne Sr., was soon disappointed - the insane popularity of the bear cub overshadowed all his other works.
Zakhodera created the first illustrations for the Russian translation artist Alisa Poret, student of the greatest Petrova-Vodkina. Illustrations also became widely known. Eduard Nazarov- the artist who created the Soviet cartoon Winnie the Pooh.
Another famous illustrator domestic Vinnie artist Viktor Chizhikov, who is the “dad” of another bear - the mascot of the 1980 Olympics in Moscow.
9. Work on the Soviet animated film adaptation of Winnie the Pooh began in the late 1960s. The scriptwriter of the cartoons was Boris Zakhoder, and the director was the famous Fedor Khitruk. A total of three cartoons were released, although initially it was planned to make films based on all chapters of the book. The reason for abandoning this idea was the conflicts between Zakhoder and Khitruk - each of these had unusual talented people They had their own vision of what Winnie the Pooh should be, and they failed to agree among themselves.
Nevertheless, the three filmed cartoons gained incredible popularity. Not least of all, this was due to the actors who were invited to voice the characters. Winnie the Pooh was trusted Evgeniy Leonov, who after this cartoon became for Soviet citizens the “honored Winnie the Pooh of the USSR”, Piglet - the inimitable Ie Savvina, and the donkey Eeyore was voiced by the patriarch of Russian cinema Erast Garin. For Erast Garin, who once brilliantly played the King in Cinderella, Eeyore became one of the last and one of the most memorable works in his career.
It is estimated that in colloquial speech Russians included at least 20 phrases from the Soviet film adaptation of Winnie the Pooh, and the cartoon characters themselves became heroes of jokes along with Stirlitz And Vasily Ivanovich.
10. The popularity of Winnie the Pooh in the world knows no bounds: in Poland, in at least three cities, streets are named after him, and the image of the teddy bear is depicted on stamps in at least 18 countries. In 1958, the book about Winnie the Pooh was translated into Latin language, and in 1982 composer Olga Petrova Based on the plot, Milne wrote an opera about Winnie the Pooh. Authentic Christopher Robin toys are today among the most valuable exhibits in the children's department of the New York Public Library. In the UK itself, many consider the presence of these toys in the USA to be a loss. cultural heritage and from time to time campaign for the return of Winnie the Pooh to his homeland. In 1998, the issue of the return of Winnie the Pooh was even discussed in the English Parliament.
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Do you know who wrote Winnie the Pooh? There is probably no person living in the post-Soviet space who would not be familiar with such famous character, How . More than one generation of children has been watching with bated breath the adventures of a charming, well-fed bear who loves honey and his exotic friends - Piglet the pig, Eeyore and many others. But few people know who wrote Winnie the Pooh.
This famous work, based on which it was filmed, was written by the English author Alan Alexander Milne.
Despite the fact that the work itself was published in 1925, it was first published in print only a year later. The writer was inspired by his son’s toy, which young Christopher named Winnie.
Alan Alexander Milne Who was Mr Milne? The future writer was born in 1882 in the English capital London into a middle-income family. His father kept a small private school, and therefore, Alan had absolutely no problems with getting an education. Having completed primary educational institution his dad, the guy continued his studies at Westminster high school. After which he was enrolled at Cambridge College. That's where it started writing career. In college, our hero participated in the publication of a student newspaper and his talent was noticed by a humorous publication, where Milne was offered the position of assistant editor-in-chief. Alan managed to take part in real combat operations. With the outbreak of the First World War, he took up arms and went to the front as a career officer. Despite this, he managed to get married in 1913, and in 1920 the fruit of the marriage was born - the charming baby Christopher. Actually, it was to him that Milne dedicated his immortal work.
However, even before the release of the book about a funny little bear with sawdust in his head, Alan was known as a fairly famous playwright, whose works were in great demand in theatrical circles. However, the story of Winnie the Pooh exceeded all expectations and immortalized the writer’s name, despite the fact that Milne’s collection included many worthy and noteworthy books from his pen. The work immediately gained popularity among children and their parents, who read it to their children at bedtime. A little later, based on the novel that children loved, with the development of the cinematic industry, a whole cartoon boom began - everyone began to film the adventures of the famous bear and his comrades.
Who wrote Winnie the Pooh soviet cartoon? It is also based on Milne's story, although our filmmakers slightly adapted it to the Russian style, adding other characters. Boris Zakhoder retold it and called it “Winnie the Pooh and everyone everything everything,” which served as material for the film adaptation of the Soviet animated series.
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Books read in childhood remain with us throughout our lives. These are our most faithful and best friends. They make up that necessary cozy atmosphere of memories, where it is so pleasant to dive from the worry-filled adult bustle. One of the most bright characters this virtual world- Winnie the Pooh. Books and films about him have been translated into 29 languages, but the two most famous characters Soviet and American Winnie the Pooh remain.
Original source
Alan Alexander Milne was a well-known playwright and writer, and the book about Winnie the Pooh is neither the first nor the last in his work. Today, only literary scholars can name a list of his works, but everyone knows the stories about the toy bear and his friends. The prototypes of the heroes were the toys of the writer's son. Now they are all in public library New York. was given to Robin for his first birthday, and he received the name Winnie in honor of the Winnipeg bear with whom the boy became very friendly. The second half of the name - Pooh - was given to the hero from a swan who lived on a pond not far from the Milnes' house.
Winnie the Pooh translated by Zakhoder
In Russian, the story about a funny bear cub first appeared in 1958 in Lithuania. However, Boris Zakhoder’s translation received wide popularity and popular love. While looking through an English children's encyclopedia in the library, the writer came across a picture of a nice teddy bear. The story delighted him so much that he sat down to translate Milne’s book. In 1960, a Soviet reader first picked up the book “Winnie the Pooh and the rest.”
Zakhoder always emphasized that he did not strive to literally translate the text of the English writer; his Winnie the Pooh is, rather, a free retelling, a rethinking of the original book. The translator is responsible for a number of finds, without which we now cannot imagine Pooh. Nozzles, Pyhtelok, Shumelok, Shouters and Vopelok were not in English text. Just like the famous sawdust in the bear’s head - Milne’s Winnie the Pooh modestly characterized himself as a bear with “small brains.”
The names of the characters in translation
Zakhoder also took a creative approach to translating into Russian the names of the main characters of the book. Winnie-the-pooh turned into Winnie-the-Pooh, although according to the rules of pronunciation he should have been called Winnie-Poo. For the Russian ear this is not so euphonious, so Zakhoder translated it as a transliteration. Piglet had to be Piglet, since that is what Alan Alexander Milne called him - Piglet. Eeyore's name is Eeyore. The Rabbit remained just a Rabbit, and all the other characters also did not undergo any changes in translation.
Disney released a film adaptation of the adventures of Winnie the Pooh in 1966. Interpreted by Wolfgang Reitermann main character appeared to be such a bumpkin - good-natured, stupid, readily admitting his modest mental capabilities. It seems that the only thing he really cares about is honey. At the same time, he does not forget to periodically sing songs about friendship, mutual assistance and other virtues. Looking through all the Disney series in a row, one gets the impression that the American Winnie the Pooh is not at all the key hero of this story. Much more attention is drawn to Piglet with his eternal struggle with his fears, or Eeyore with thoughtful conclusions about the purposefulness of existence.
Khitruk's version
Even the Americans themselves admit that our Winnie the Pooh is better. Reiterman admitted to Khitruk that, despite the fact that he did not understand a word of Russian, he liked the Soviet cartoon more than his own. There is something psychedelic about the fact that our bear's paws are not attached to the body, about some of the clumsiness of the movements, which is actually the result of an animator's mistake in mixing up the phases of movement of the legs and arms. In addition, our Pooh is more vital than its American counterpart. He is alien to excessive moralizing, and with sweet frankness offers to go on a visit when he discovers that there is nothing to eat at home. He is not averse to philosophizing and is not at all inclined to sacrifice himself to save a friend (remember the episode with the ball and the bees).
One last intrigue
Few people know that there is one secret that neither the Soviet nor the American Winnie the Pooh has revealed. What is his real name? After all, Christopher Robin the bear had a completely different name before the boy became friends with the Winnipeg bear. And his name was simply Edward. Now you know the little secret of your favorite hero.
Like this fiction gave us one of the most charismatic heroes of children's literature. And does it really matter which of them is better - ours or the American Winnie the Pooh, especially since both have enough fans.
There are many versions, but there is no definitive answer, who wrote Winnie the Pooh, a fairy tale about a funny little bear. The English original of the book was translated by many writers from different countries and everyone considered it an honor to help children and their fellow citizens learn more about the life of the hero of this fairy tale. For example, in Poland, one of the first was the translation of the sister of the great poet Julian Tuwim, Irene. There are also a large number of translations into Russian, but the translation by Boris Zakhoder, which was published in 1960, is still considered the most classic.
Birth story
Everyone's favorite main character has two birthdays. He celebrated the first in August 1921, when he was presented small child- Christopher Robin, on this day the baby celebrated his first birthday. At that moment, writer Alan Alexander Milne did not yet know that this plush miracle would eventually become the main character of his book. He celebrated his second (official) birthday in October 1926, when the first edition of the book about a cheerful bear and his friends was published, which written by Allan Alexander Milne.
The mystery of the name
Many have read the book and watched cartoons about this cheerful and funny bear, but most people do not know that he got his name in honor of the Winnipeg she-bear. The bear was kept at the London Zoo back in the early 20s of the twentieth century. She got there from the Canadian Army Corps; in those days, the bear was a symbol of the army. After the end of the war, the bear remained to live in the capital of England, delighting children and adults at the zoo.
In 1924, the writer Milne took his son to the zoo for the first time to see a bear. He liked her madly and on the same day Christopher Robin named his favorite teddy bear Winnie. Over time, Christopher Robin, already aged, in 1981, will unveil a monument to the bear at the London Zoo.
First illustration
The very first to illustrate the funny Winnie the Pooh was a former army colleague, in the First world war, and Alan Milne's colleague in one of the magazines, artist E. Shepard. The artist depicted one of the characters from the writer's real son, and Winnie the Pooh from the child's favorite toy, a bear. The artist became very famous and popular; at first he was terribly happy, but then he was disappointed, since the popularity of this illustration eclipsed all his other works. One of the first images, the Russian version of the book, was made by the artist Alisa Poret, but the illustration by Eduard Nazarov, who portrayed Winnie the Pooh in everyone’s favorite animated film, gained great popularity and fame.
After Boris Zakhoder translated the book from the original version, our Soviet Winnie the Pooh was much different from Milne the bear. Author new version book, Boris Zakhoder, when translating the book, made what seemed to him the best changes to the original text and they were very significant. All Soviet children liked the screams and chants that Winnie the Pooh said and they also repeated them in unison.
The film adaptations of the book remain a separate story. The well-known film studio Disney, in the West, made a number of animated films about the bear cub, but Christopher Robin did not like them very much. But the animated version of Fyodor Khitruk, which was made back in the Soviet Union, with incredible dubbing, where the main characters speak in the voices of E. Leonov, I. Savina and E. Garin, became not only popular, but is also in demand among children to this day throughout the former Soviet Union.
Unfortunately, creative team The scriptwriters and directors did not have a whole and unified opinion on what the image of the main character should be, and after the creation of three episodes the project was closed. Now, even in the West there is an opinion that our version animated film turned out much better than the American creation.
Born January 18, 1882 in London English writer Alan Alexander Milne. He is known throughout the world primarily for his stories about Winnie the Pooh bear. In Russia, this work is known primarily thanks to the translation by Boris Zakhoder, the Soviet cartoon by Fyodor Khitruk and Disney cartoons.
Currently, there are several versions of retellings of Milne's story made by Boris Zakhoder. The most common book consists of 18 chapters. One chapter has been omitted and another has been reduced to one paragraph. In addition, there is no dedication or preface. In 1990, this “shortened” translation was joined by two previously untranslated ones, but this version is still not widespread. "RG" represents the differences between the original Vinny and the Russian version.
Names
The meaning of the names of the characters in the original and in our translation is interesting. So, Winnie-the-Pooh turned into Winnie the Pooh, and Piglet - into Piglet. Original name the main character - Winnie-the-Pooh - should be literally translated as Winnie-Foo, but this option can hardly be considered euphonious. Russian word“fluff” is similar in spelling with English pooh - that is, the usual transliteration, in addition, it was with this pooh that Christopher Robin called the swans to him, and fluff is associated with them. By the way, everyone remembers that Winnie the Pooh has sawdust in his head, although in the original Winnie is a bear with a very small brain.
The English word piglet, which became its own in Milne's book, means "little pig." It is this meaning that should be considered the closest in meaning, but for a Soviet child, and now for a Russian one, this character is known in literary translation as Piglet.
The donkey Eeyore in Russian translation became Eeyore. By the way, this is a literal translation - Eeyore sounds like “io”, and this is the sound that donkeys make.
Owl - Owl - remained an owl, like Rabbit - Rabbit and actually Tigger - Tigger.
Owl
Despite the fact that the name of this character has practically remained the same - Owl is indeed translated into Russian as an owl, the hero himself has undergone significant changes in the Russian version. Milne came up with a masculine character, that is, in Russia it would be worth calling him either Owl (which, of course, is far from the original), Owl, or even Owl. In our case - primarily thanks to Boris Zakhoder's translation - this is a female character. By the way, Milne the Owl is far from the most smart hero books - likes to use clever words, but is not very literate, and Zakhoder's Owl - and the Soviet cartoon directed by Khitruk - is a smart elderly lady who resembles a school teacher.
"To outsiders V."
The famous sign with the inscription “To Outsiders V.”, which hangs next to the entrance to Piglet’s house, is also worthy of our attention. In the Russian version, there are no questions with the inscription - it means “no entry to outsiders,” however, Piglet himself explained it this way: To outsiders V. is the name of his grandfather - Outsiders Willy or William Outsiders, and the sign is valuable for his family. In the original the situation is much more interesting. English phrase Trespassers W. is a shortened version of Trespassers Will be prosecuted, which literally translated into Russian means “Those who invaded this territory will be prosecuted” (which is completely replaced by the traditional - " Unauthorized entry prohibited"). According to some sources, Milne could have deliberately included this phrase in his text so that children, having read up to this episode, would ask their parents to tell them about this expression and, first of all, the words trespasser and trespass.
Heffalump
The terrible and terrible Heffalump - fictional hero stories about Winnie the Pooh. On English language the word heffalump is used, which is similar in sound and spelling to another English word- actually used in the language - elephant, which means "elephant". By the way, this is how the heffalump is usually depicted. In the Russian translation, the chapter dedicated to this character - ...in which a search is organdized, and Piglet meets the Heffalump again (the chapter in which the search is organized, and Piglet meets the Heffalump again) did not appear immediately - Zakhoder translated it only in 1990.
Cartoon
The original version and the Soviet cartoon by Khitruk are very different. Firstly, there is no Christopher Robin in the cartoon. Secondly, the Soviet Winnie the Pooh looks more like a real bear, while Milne's Winnie is a toy. It also looks like a children's toy in the Disney cartoon. In addition, our Winnie the Pooh does not wear clothes, and the original one sometimes wears a blouse. Thirdly, characters such as Tigger, Kanga and Little Roo are missing. Fourthly, the loss of Eeyore's tail and his miraculous discovery associated with his birthday are found only in the cartoon. In the book, these two events are completely unrelated to each other - two separate stories.
Songs of Winnie the Pooh
The famous songs of Winnie the Pooh - “I am Tuchka, Tuchka, Tuchka, and not a bear at all” - are more colorful in the Russian version. First of all, thanks to their name. What is simply called “song” in English is called “song-puff”, “grumpler”, “noisemaker” in Russian.
Kanga
The appearance of Kanga in the original version of the work is a real shock for the heroes. The reason for this is the fact that all the heroes who act in the book at that time are masculine, and Kanga is feminine. That is why the invasion of a girl’s boyish world becomes a big problem for others. In the Russian version, this effect does not work, since our Owl is also feminine.
