Beautiful places in Kabardino-Balkaria. Detailed map of Kabardino-Balkaria with settlements, villages and regions

September 1 marks the Day of Formation of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. 90 years ago, on September 1, 1921, the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of the RSFSR approved a decree on the formation of the Kabardian Autonomous Okrug as part of the RSFSR.

Kabardino-Balkarian Republic- a republic within the Russian Federation, a subject of the Russian Federation, part of the North Caucasus Federal District.

Located on the northern slopes and foothills of the central part of the Greater Caucasus. In the south it borders with Georgia, in the north - with the Stavropol Territory, in the west - with Karachay-Cherkessia, in the east and southeast - with North Ossetia. In the south, four ridges of the Greater Caucasus stretch parallel: Cretaceous, Skalisty, Bokovoy (height up to 5642 m, Mount Elbrus) and Main (or Vodorazdelny).

The Kabardino-Balkarian Republic consists of 10 administrative-territorial districts, 5 cities of regional subordination and 3 republican ones. The capital is the city of Nalchik. Big cities: Tyrnyauz, Prokhladny, Baksan.

The Republic is one of the most densely populated regions of the country. The population density here is about 71.7 people per square meter. km.

The population as of January 1, 2010 was 894 thousand people, the share of the urban population was 64.4%.

Kabardino-Balkaria is a multinational republic where representatives of more than a hundred nationalities live. Of these, Kabardians make up about 55%, Balkars - 11.6%, Russians - 25.1%, Ukrainians, Ossetians, Tats, Georgians and representatives of other nationalities - 8.3%.

The territory of the republic was inhabited by Kabardians and Balkars in the XIII-XV centuries. Kabardians, speaking the language of the Abkhaz-Adyghe group, traditionally inhabited the plain and foothills. Turkic-speaking Balkars settled in the mountains. These territories were repeatedly subjected to devastating raids by the khans of the Golden Horde, Timur (XIV century). In 1557, the supreme Kabardian prince Temryuk Aidarov asked for Russian protection. In 1561, Temryuk's daughter Guashchenei (baptized Maria) became the wife of Ivan the Terrible.

Relations between Kabarda and Russia have strengthened. From the middle of the 16th century. The Kabardian people actively participated in the struggle of the Russian state for access to the Black Sea. Representatives of the Kabardian nobility occupied prominent positions at the royal court and in the troops. Strongholds were created on the Terek and Sunzha rivers for the defense of the North Caucasus from the Crimean and Turkish conquerors, which also contributed to the establishment of ties between Russia and Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan.

The Belgrade Peace Treaty (1739), signed after the Russian-Turkish War of 1735-1739, declared Kabarda neutral, and according to the Kuchuk-Kainardzhi Peace (1774), Turkey recognized it as an integral part of Russia. By 1827, the annexation of Balkaria to Russia was completed. The annexation had progressive significance for Kabarda and Balkaria. They received protection from the Crimean Khanate and the Turkish Empire.

In January 1921, Kabarda and Balkaria as administrative districts became part of the Mountain Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.

In July 1921, the Congress of Soviets of Kabarda, supported by the workers of the entire district, asked the highest bodies of the RSFSR to separate Kabarda from the Mountain Republic into the Kabardian Autonomous Region.

On September 1, 1921, on the basis of the Decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee (VTsIK), Kabarda was first proclaimed a full-fledged subject of the Russian state.

On January 16, 1922, by a resolution of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, the Balkar Okrug was separated from the Mountain Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic and merged with the Kabardian Autonomous Okrug, resulting in the formation of the united Kabardino-Balkarian Autonomous Region.

In 1936, the autonomous region was transformed into the Kabardino-Balkarian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.

In 1944, the autonomy of the Balkars was eliminated, and the population was forcibly evicted. In 1957, the Kabardino-Balkarian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was restored.

In August 1991, the post of president was introduced.

After the collapse of the USSR in February 1992, the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic was formed as part of Russia.

The economy of Kabardino-Balkaria is basically an established diversified economic complex that corresponds to the natural, climatic and demographic conditions of the republic.

The basis of the material and raw material base of the republic are ores of non-ferrous and rare metals, oil and natural gas, various types of mining and chemical raw materials, mineral and fresh waters different meanings, numerous types of valuable building materials. In total, over 40 mineral deposits are exploited, and the estimated reserves of mineral waters amount to more than 12 thousand cubic meters of daily debit. A number of deposits are unique in scale and type. On the basis of tungsten and molybdenum ore reserves, one of the largest in the world, the Tyrnyauz tungsten-molybdenum plant, was created.

The republic produces oil production equipment, various types of electrical cables, diamond tools, products made from artificial leather and film materials. These products are in great demand in both domestic and foreign markets.

Based on the results of the first half of 2011 foreign trade turnover participants in foreign economic activity in Kabardino-Balkaria amounted to $84.55 million, which is 190% higher than the level of January-June 2010. The largest trade turnover in the reporting half-year was with Italy ($36.67 million), Germany ($13.65 million), China ($5.43 million) and Turkey ($3.37 million).

The volume of export operations amounted to $9.53 million, which is $1.13 million higher than the volumes of the first half of 2010. At the same time, 68.03% of exports went to non-CIS countries, which in value terms amounted to $6.48 million. The export volume to the CIS countries amounted to $3.05 million (31.97%).

The volume of foreign trade of enterprises of the republic in its import part amounted to $75.02 million, an increase of $54.27 million compared to the same period in 2010. Goods worth $69.74 million (an increase of 306%) were imported from non-CIS countries, and $3.6 million worth of goods were imported from the CIS (an increase of 46.43%).

Kabardino-Balkaria is an all-Russian and international region of tourism, mountaineering and skiing. There are tourist centers, alpine camps and comfortable hotels here. The republic's ski slopes are not inferior to, and in many respects superior to, world-famous resort slopes Western Europe. An important part of the economic potential of the republic is the recreational complex, created on the basis of the use of medicinal mineral springs and unique natural conditions.

In 2010, the republic was visited by 194 thousand tourists, of which about 100 thousand vacationed in the Elbrus region.

Kabardino-Balkaria has great cultural potential, combining the historical traditions of its peoples with the achievements contemporary art. There are professional theaters, choreographic and folklore-ethnographic ensembles, and a state philharmonic society in the republic. Rich in tradition art culture preserved in the products of masters of decorative and applied arts; Jewelry and blacksmithing crafts are widely developed.

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The subject of the Russian Federation
Kabardino-Balkarian Republic Qabarti-Malkar Republic
Flag Coat of arms
Capital
Square	79th
Total - % aq. pov	12,470 km² 1,24
Population
Total - Density	↗ 865 828 (2018)
Total, at current prices	RUB 132.7 billion (2016)
Per capita	153.7 thousand rub.
Federal District
Economic region	North Caucasian
Official language	Kabardian, Balkar and Russian
Head of the Republic	Kokov Yuri Alexandrovich
Chairman of the Government	Musukov Aliy Takhirovich
Chairman of Parliament	Egorova Tatyana Borisovna
Code of the subject of the Russian Federation	07
Code according to ISO 3166-2	RU-KB
OKATO code	83
Timezone	MSK (UTC+3)
Official site	kabbalk.ru

physical map of Kabardino-Balkaria

Kabardino-Balkarian Republic(Kabard-Cherk. Keberdey-Balk'er Republic; karach.-balk. Qabarti-Malkar Republic; short name: Kabardino-Balkaria) - a subject, a republic within it. Included in, is part of the North Caucasus economic region. The capital is a city.

State languages The Kabardian-Balkarian Republic, throughout its entire territory, speaks Kabardian, Balkar and Russian. Turkish and Ossetian languages ​​are also common.

Established as the Kabardian Autonomous Region on September 1, 1921. Since January 16, 1922, Kabardino-Balkarian Autonomous Region. On December 5, 1936, it was transformed into the Kabardino-Balkarian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.

Geography

Stamp "50 years of the Kabardino-Balkarian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic". USSR Post 1971

Reverse of the commemorative coin of the Bank of Russia

The Kabardino-Balkarian Republic is located in the central part of the northern macroslope of the Caucasus. The territory of the republic is divided into three main geomorphological zones - mountainous, foothill and flat. Mountain and foothill zones occupy most of the territory of the subject. The flat zone covers the northeastern part of the republic.

The 5 main ridges of the Greater Caucasus stretch parallel to each other across the territory of the republic: Pastbishchny (or Cretaceous), Lesisty, Skalisty, Bokovoy and Main (or Vodorazdelny).

• Highest point: Mount Elbrus (5,642 m) the highest point in the Caucasus and.
• Maximum length from north to south: 167 km;
• Maximum length from east to west: 123 km.

Climate

The climate in the republic is varied. Due to its location in mountainous terrain, the republic has a vertical type of zonation. The plains and foothills have a humid continental climate, which in the mountains gives way to a subalpine climate. And then in the highlands it turns into an alpine climate. average temperature January ranges from −2 °C (on the plain) to −12 °C (in the mountains), July, respectively +25 °C and +5 °C. The average annual precipitation ranges from 500 to 2000 mm.

In the lowland part of the republic (in particular the city of Prokhladny and Prokhladnensky district, Maysky district) a temperate continental climate with features of a semiarid climate prevails.

In terms of absolute values ​​of low temperatures, winter on the plain is colder than in the foothill settlements (Nalchik); the minimum temperature record in the republic was set on February 8, 2012 in the city of Prokhladny; at the city’s weather station the temperature dropped to -29.5 °C, while how in Nalchik that day the temperature did not drop below -27 °C.

Summer on the plain is very warm, the second half is hot.

June is on average the wettest month, with the most precipitation, and extreme heat is usually not observed in June (up to +37 °C).

The first half of July is generally identical to the second half of June, but drier. In the second half of July, higher temperatures are observed. The hottest period is the end of July-August. Temperatures in July in the flat part often rise above +38 °C; the maximum temperature in July for the period 2000-2016 was observed in Prokhladny on July 28, 2000, when the city was +40.7 °C. In Nalchik that day the air warmed up to +38.3 °C.

August on the plain is often the hottest month of the year; on the plain in August there is usually significantly less rainfall than in July or September. Low rainfall in summer forces the use of a canal system to irrigate vast agricultural areas. In August maximum temperatures often rise to values ​​of +38…+40 °C. During the 21st century, the highest temperature in August was observed on August 8, 2006 in the city of Prokhladny - the maximum at the city's weather station that day was +40.9 °C.

Ecosystem

Chernozems and dark chestnut soils are common on the plains, and mountain meadow soils are common on the mountain slopes.

Forests occupy 1/10 of the territory. In the floodplains of the rivers there are deciduous forests. At an altitude of 800-1600 m there are broad-leaved forests (mostly beech), up to 2200 m - coniferous forests (mostly pine). At an altitude of 2000-2400 m, subalpine meadows (forb-fescue and forb-grass) are common. Above 2400 m there are alpine meadows.

Common mammals include fox, jackal, wolf, brown bear, marten, roe deer, wild boar, Caucasian chamois, and Dagestan tur. The most common birds are tit, willow warbler, pheasant and quail.

On the territory of Kabardino-Balkaria there are the Elbrus National Park, the Kabardino-Balkarian High Mountain Reserve and 11 state reserves.

Rivers

• Terek (623 km)
• Malka (216 km)
• Baksan (173 km)
• Cherek (131 km)
• Chegem (103 km)
• Argudan
• Kurkuzhin
• Lesken
• Nalchik
• Urvan
• Zolka

Lakes

• Blue Lakes
• Shadhurey Lakes
• Lake Tambukan
• Lake Syltrankol

Waterfalls

• Gedmishkh is a waterfall on the river of the same name (the right tributary of the Malka).
• Chegem waterfalls are a group of waterfalls on the tributaries of the Chegem River: Adaisu, Kayaarty and Sakal-Tup.
• Abai-Su is a waterfall on the Bashil-Auzu-Su River (a tributary of the Chegem).
• Sultan is a waterfall in the Djily-Su area, in the upper reaches of the Malka River.

Five-thousander peaks

• Elbrus (5642 m)
• Dykhtau (5204 m)
• Koshtantau (5152 m)
• Pushkin Peak (5100 m)
• Shkhara (5068 m)
• Dzhangitau (5058 m)
• Mizhirgi (5025 m)

Story

Before the formation of the modern republic, two historical regions were located on its territory - Kabarda and Balkaria. Kabarda consisted of two principalities: Big Kabarda and Little Kabarda, and occupied the flat and foothill parts of the modern republic, as well as the mountainous and high-mountain zone in the upper reaches of the Malka River and its tributaries. Balkaria, which was divided into five mountain societies, occupied mainly the mountainous and highland regions of the modern republic.

In 1921, Kabarda and Balkaria, together with other historical regions of the Central Caucasus, became part of the Mountain Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. On September 1, 1921, the Kabardian Okrug seceded from the Mountain Autonomous Republic, and then on January 16, 1922, Balkaria followed.

The Kabardino-Balkarian Autonomous Region was formed in 1922, and in 1936 it was transformed into the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.

During the Great Patriotic War, the 115th Kabardino-Balkarian Cavalry Division was formed in Kabardino-Balkaria under the command of A.F. Skorokhod, which fought in the Battle of the Caucasus and the Battle of Stalingrad. In 1942, most of the republic was occupied. In January 1943, Kabardino-Balkaria was completely liberated. In 1944, due to the eviction of the Balkars, it was renamed the Kabardian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, and since 1957 - again the Kabardino-Balkarian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. Since 1992 - Kabardino-Balkarian Republic.

In the 1950s and 1960s, large industrial enterprises for mechanical engineering and instrument making were built in Kabardino-Balkaria. In 1990, 96.3 thousand people were employed in industry.

In 2008, the Bank of Russia issued a commemorative coin dedicated to the Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria.

Symbolism

The republic has its own flag, coat of arms and anthem.

According to the Constitution of the Kabardino-Balkaria, the coat of arms is an image of a golden (yellow) eagle. On the eagle’s chest there is a small crossed shield, at the top there is an image of a silver (white) mountain with two peaks in an azure (blue, light blue) field, at the bottom there is a golden (yellow) trefoil with oblong leaves in a green field.

The state flag of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic is a cloth of three equal horizontal stripes: the top - blue, the middle - white, the bottom - green. In the center of the panel there is a circle intersected by a blue-blue and green field; on a blue field there is a stylized image of Mount Elbrus in white.

The national anthem of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic is solemn music created using the intonations and colors of Kabardian, Balkar and Russian folk songs. The anthem is sung without words. The author of the music is Khasan Kardanov.

Population

The population of the republic, according to Rosstat, is 865,828 people (2018). Population density - 69.43 people/km² (2018). Urban population - 52,13 % (2018).

The mortality rate in 2016-2017 (as of the end of the year) was 8.5 ppm.

Note: the table shows nations with a population of more than 1000 people in 2010.
Note 2: many Kabardians, like other Circassians, indicated their exoethnonym - “Circassian” during the 2010 census.

Age and gender composition

According to the 2010 All-Russian Population Census:

Men - 401,775 people (46.7%). Women - 458,164 people (53.3%).
The average age of the population is 35.3 years. The median age of the population is 32.8 years.
The average age of men is 33.4 years. The median age of men is 30.8 years.
The average age of women is 36.9 years. The median age of women is 34.9 years.

Settlements

Administrative division

Map of the administrative-territorial division of Kabardino-Balkaria

According to the KBR Law “On the administrative-territorial structure of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic”, the subject of the Russian Federation includes the following administrative-territorial units: 3 cities of republican significance and 10 districts.

Within the framework of the municipal structure of the republic, within the boundaries of the administrative-territorial units of Kabardino-Balkaria, municipal entities were formed: 3 city districts and 10 municipal districts.

The capital of the republic is a city that is also a major economic center of the North Caucasus and one of the main resorts of federal significance in the country.

Economy

The basis of the republic's economy is agriculture (cereals (wheat, corn, millet), industrial crops (sunflower, hemp), livestock farming (dairy and meat), as well as logging.

As part of the development of infrastructure and support for small and medium-sized businesses in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, a network of business incubators was created, the purpose of which is to provide small and medium-sized businesses in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic with equipped office and industrial premises for rent preferential terms. Three business incubators have already been created and are successfully operating: the state institution “Kabardino-Balkarian Business Incubator” in Nalchik, which provides office and production space, two municipal office business incubators in the city district of Prokhladny and Baksan district. The republic's GRP for 2012 amounted to 94.2 billion rubles.

Industry

There are more than 200 operating in the republic industrial enterprises. In the city of Maisky, Sevkavrentgen-D LLC is one of the leading manufacturers of X-ray equipment in Russia. In the city of Terek, the Terekalmaz plant has established its own production of synthetic diamonds and high-quality diamond tools based on them. Among the products produced are diamond drilling tools for geological exploration and mining enterprises (bits, bits, reamers); diamond dressing tools (precision shaped rollers, pencils, combs, mounted diamonds), diamond grinding tools (AChK wheels, straight profile, etc.) for mechanical engineering and metalworking; diamond tools for stone processing and the construction industry (segment cutting wheels, milling cutters, bars, wire saws, etc.) for cutting, grinding, polishing natural stone, concrete, asphalt; diamond pastes, etc. In the city of Tyrnyauz there is a Kabbalkgips plant producing GIPSELL brand products, based on the production and sale of construction and finishing materials.

• Kavkazkabel plant
• Tyrnyauz Mining and Processing Plant (not operating since the early 2000s, after a mudflow)
• Kabbalkgypsum (plant)

The electric power industry is developing; there are several hydroelectric power plants in the region, with a total capacity of 126.6 MW in 2010 and a production of 478 million kWh per year:

• Aushigerskaya HPP (60.0 MW; 222.0 million kWh per year),
• Kashkhatau HPP (65.1 MW; 241.0 million kWh per year),
• Baksan HPP (27.0 MW; 125.0 million kWh per year),
• There are several small hydroelectric power plants (with a total capacity of 5.5 MW and a production of 14.9 million kWh per year),
• construction is underway of the Zaragizhskaya (28.8 MW) and Verkhnebalkarskaya hydroelectric power stations (15.6 MW),
• the construction of the Blue Lakes hydroelectric power station (up to 110 MW) is being considered; the Sarmakovskaya hydroelectric power station is being designed (17.6 MW, 74.5 million kWh)

Transport

Culture

The cultural heritage of the Nart epic brings great significance to the culture of the republic.

Cultural policy of the republic in last decade XX century was built in inextricable connection with the all-Russian, federal concept of the development of culture and art, taking into account the peculiarities and difficulties of development national cultures multinational Kabardino-Balkaria. The federal target program “Culture of Russia” has brought some clarity to the perspective of national culture.

By the end of the 20th century, a growing interest in amateur creativity became noticeable in the Kabardino-Balkaria, the crisis of the early 90s was overcome, culture began to adapt to new market conditions. If in 1999 there were 1,440 circles in Kabardino-Balkaria, then in 2001 their number increased to 1,560, and an increase in the number of cultural and leisure events was noted. In terms of the number of cultural and leisure institutions, the KBR ranks 78th among the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Peculiarities of the development of the ethnic musical culture of the KBR in the 90s of the 20th century

In most settlements, Houses of Culture were the only multifunctional cultural centers and their condition largely determined the level and prospects cultural life this or that village. Modern requirements for the development of national cultures include the creation of folk ethnographic centers.

Considering the importance of developing amateur creativity at a high creative level, in the KBR in the 90s, republican festivals of folk song and dance ensembles, performers of Adyghe and Balkar folk songs, holidays of national cultures, regional cultural exchange festivals, shows - competitions of choreographic art, orchestras were regularly held in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic folk instruments, performers on the national harmonica named after K. Kashirgova, a thematic program “Musical Kabardino-Balkaria” was developed.

In the activities of municipal cultural institutions, positive trends have emerged in organizing events taking into account the sociocultural specifics of the region. Folklore festivals, shows, and competitions have become widespread in cultural institutions of the Baksan region. In the Zola region, an increase in the number of folklore groups and ensembles was noted. The culture department of the Urvan district has intensified its activities to preserve and develop folklore. The Folklore Center in the village was focused on the implementation of these tasks. Psynabo. In the Tersky district, special attention was paid to working with children and youth, in the Chereksky district, work on the revival and preservation of traditions and rituals intensified, in the Chegemsky district, folk calendar holidays, shows - competitions of folklore groups, performer festivals were regularly held folk song.

Since the beginning of the 1980s, mass holidays in villages, districts, and cities have become increasingly widespread. These are City Days, celebration anniversary dates writers of Kabardino-Balkaria, holding national games honoring leaders. With the beginning of the era of glasnost and democratization, religious ritual public holidays, long gone from the life of the people and now being revived at a different level, began to return to the festive culture of the people. Often, these are staged events carried out by professional and amateur groups: the celebration of the first furrow; khueipllyyzhykIeryshchIe (tying of smoked cheese) with sports games and awards, arranged not only at the birth of a son, but also on other holiday dates of the secular calendar (May 1, November 7, etc.); celebration of the vernal equinox. Reliable knowledge of the customs, holidays, rituals existing among the people, their content, forms and methods of implementation makes it possible to identify what is in folk customs and what has been accumulated by cultural and educational institutions.

The peculiarity of the holiday, the festive communication of people, is harmonious combination two styles of communication: ordinary, practically real and ideally conventional, inherent in art. The most preserved, but somewhat modified, are family holidays and rituals. These are rites of the primary life cycle (gushchekhephe (putting a child into the cradle), the holiday of the “first step”, etc.), wedding ceremonies. Among the secular family holidays that firmly entered the life of the people in the 80-90s of the 20th century, it should be noted the celebration of birthdays, graduation, etc.

A major role in the revival of Adyghe vocal culture belongs to the Republican Competition of Adyghe Folk Song, held regularly since 1996 in memory of the People's Artist of Kabardino-Balkaria Kh. Kunizhev. The purpose of the competition: revival of traditional song creativity; preservation of the singing culture of the Circassians; identification of talented performers; attracting children and youth to creativity, improving their performing skills; widespread propaganda of the genre; enriching the repertoire of groups and individual performers.

Great representatives of the KBR culture are the People's Poet of the KBR, laureate of the Lenin and State Prizes of the USSR and the RSFSR Kaisyn Kuliev and the People's Artist of the USSR, laureate of the State Prizes of the USSR and the RSFSR Yuri Temirkanov.

Science and education

• Kabardino-Balkarian State Agrarian University named after V. M. Kokov
• Kabardino-Balkarian State University named after. Kh. M. Berbekova
• Kabardino-Balkarian Institute of Business
• Kabardino-Balkarian branch of the Moscow Institute of Integrated Security
• Nalchik Institute of Cooperation (branch) of the Autonomous Non-Profit Organization Belgorod University of Cooperation, Economics and Law
• North Caucasus State Institute of Arts
• North Caucasus Institute for Advanced Training of Employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia (branch) of the state government Krasnodar University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation
• Modern Humanitarian Academy - Nalchik branch
• Armavir linguistic social institution- Branch in Nalchik

Religion

The Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, according to the Constitution, is a secular state. Religious associations separated from the state and equal before the law. The two most widespread religions are Islam and Orthodox Christianity. Ethnic Muslims in the republic make up more than 70%. Sunni Islam in the territory of what is now Kabardino-Balkaria, at that time Kabarda, was fully established in the 18th century.

According to the government of the KBR for 2013, there are 176 registered religious organizations, including:

• 125 Muslim
• 21 Orthodox
• 1 Jewish
• 3 Roman Catholic
• 26 Protestant.

In total, there are 152 mosques in the Kabardino-Balkaria, 20 Orthodox churches, 1 monastery, 4 temple-chapels, 1 synagogue, 27 Protestant and 3 Roman Catholic houses of worship. Religious services are conducted there by 137 Muslim, 23 Orthodox, 2 Roman Catholic, about 30 Protestant ministers, and 1 rabbi.

see also

• Constitution of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic
• Terek region
• List of monuments cultural heritage Kabardino-Balkaria on Wikivoyage

Notes

1. Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2018. Retrieved July 25, 2018. Archived July 26, 2018.
2. Gross regional product by constituent entities of the Russian Federation in 1998-2016. (Russian) (xls). Rosstat.
3. Gross regional product per capita by constituent entities of the Russian Federation in 1998-2016. MS Excel document
4. Constitution of the Russian Federation. Art. 5, pp. 12
5. Constitution of the CBD. SECTION I. Chapter I. Fundamentals of the Constitutional system.
6. Constitution of the CBD. SECTION I. Chapter III. State structure.
7. Kabardino-Balkaria. Encyclopedia "Fatherland"
8. I. Kh. Thamokova. Russian population of Kabardino-Balkaria in the 19th - early 21st centuries: dynamics of ethnocultural borders. Nalchik: Publishing department of the Kabardino-Balkarian Institute for Humanitarian Research, 2014. P. 108, 117
9. Message from the Central Bank of the Russian Federation dated July 30, 2008 “On the release of commemorative coins into circulation”
10. Constitution of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic
11. Anthem of the CBD
12. Fertility, mortality, natural increase, marriage, divorce rates for January-December 2017, Goskomstat of Russia (Rosstat).
13. All-Russian population census 2010. National composition and language proficiency, citizenship. Population by nationality and Russian language proficiency by constituent entities of the Russian Federation
14. All-Russian population census 2002. National composition and language proficiency, citizenship. Population by nationality and Russian language proficiency by constituent entities of the Russian Federation
15. Demoscope Weekly. Application. Directory of statistical indicators. All-Union Population Census of 1989. National composition of the population by regions of Russia. Kabardino-Balkarian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
16. Volume 1. Table 2.2 Population of the CBD by age groups and floor.
17. The population of the Kabardino-Balkaria region by settlement according to the results of the 2010 All-Russian Population Census. Retrieved September 21, 2014. Archived September 21, 2014.
18. Law “On the administrative-territorial structure of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic”
19. Law “On the status and boundaries of municipalities in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic”
20. Register of industrial enterprises of the CBD Archived copy of November 9, 2013 on the Wayback Machine
21. In the KBR, they plan to build two small hydroelectric power stations by 2013, KBR Information and News Portal (October 19, 2011). Retrieved April 5, 2013.
22. Features of the development of ethnic musical culture of the KBR in the 90s of the XX century | Archives and society
23. Constitution of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic of September 1, 1997 N 28-RZ (adopted by the Parliament of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic on September 1, 1997) (as amended by the Constitutional Assembly on July 12, 2006, republican laws of July 28, 2001 / Chapter I Fundamentals of the constitutional system. constitution.garant.ru. Retrieved May 19, 2017.
24. The twenty most Islamized regions of Russia. Retrieved May 19, 2017.
25. DUM RF. Kabardino-Balkarian Republic (Russian). www.dumrf.ru. Retrieved May 19, 2017.
26. Religion. pravitelstvo.kbr.ru. Retrieved May 19, 2017.
27. Khazrataliy Dzasezhev elected for a new term | Official website of Kabardino-Balkarian Pravda. www.kbpravda.ru. Retrieved May 19, 2017.

During any travel around the world, be it a business trip or a tourist voyage, a map is an indispensable assistant.

If you need to go to the mountains of the North Caucasus, then a satellite map of Kabardino-Balkaria will serve you well: it will not let you get lost in an unfamiliar area.

You can easily find any areas, cities, natural sites, attractions, tourist centers of the republic on the road map of Kabardino-Balkaria, where all the main objects are marked in detail.

Districts of Kabardino-Balkaria on the map

The republic is divided into several large districts, the administrative center is the city of Nalchik. In general, there are 15 settlements (cities) with a population exceeding 10 thousand people. These are (in addition to Nalchik):

• Chill;
• Nartkala;
• May;
• Terek
• and others.

Cities and large rural communities make good reference points for a road trip. Therefore, you will need a map of Kabardino-Balkaria with cities and villages.

Three cities in Kabardino-Balkaria - republican subordination ( we're talking about about Nalchik, Baksan, Prokhladny). The most convenient and good roads lead to and from them.

Kabardino-Balkaria is mostly an agricultural republic; people here grow vegetables, fruits, and raise livestock. Therefore, there were many villages on its territory. This is easy to see if you take a map of Kabardino-Balkaria by region. Areas belonging to the plain territories are devoted to agricultural products.

Cattle graze in the foothills:

• rams;
• sheep

Agricultural areas of Kabardino-Balkaria

So, Baksansky district mainly represented by rural settlements. On the map of Kabardino-Balkaria with villages you can see the location of all 13 settlements of this territory. Residents provide for themselves and supply various agricultural products to other areas. The Baksan region is also developing as a tourist center: there are hot mineral springs that have a healing effect on the body.

Among other areas on the map of Kabardino-Balkaria one cannot fail to note Zolsky. Its economy also has a pronounced agricultural focus. Mostly Kabardians live here - excellent farmers. Of the 9 settlements, only 1 is a city, the remaining 15 are villages. The area is home to the Narzan Valley, which attracts locals and numerous tourists, with medicinal mineral springs, and the unique Tambukan Lake, the mud of which is used for medicinal and cosmetic purposes.
Railway station in Terek.

IN Tersky district republics - 1 city and several (17) rural settlements. The regional center, which is Terek, is marked on the map of Kabardino-Balkaria with all settlements.

Despite the fact that there is only one city, it is quite large: on its territory there are 5 large and several small and medium-sized enterprises. The North Caucasus railway line passes through Terek. The railway station is located in this city, so if you are traveling by train, the starting point of your trip around Kabardino-Balkaria will be Terek. The Yandex map of Kabardino-Balkaria will indicate in which direction to move next.

Industrial area

Borders on Tereksky district May. His distinctive feature– the majority of the population (63%) lives in cities, so industry is developed here. By ethnic composition- many Russians. The basis of the economy of the Maysky district today is the food and processing industries. The following enterprises are located in the Maysky district:

• mechanical engineering;
• for the production of building materials;
• for the production of medical equipment;
• for the production of hot water and steam.

Elbrus and Elbrus region

Among tourists who come to the republic in order to improve their health, play sports and capture natural beauty as a souvenir, the Elbrus region is most famous. A detailed road map of Kabardino-Balkaria will tell you how to get there in the most convenient way.

The district adjoins the Zolsky and Baksansky districts, and its administrative center is the city of Tyrnauz. This city is a real attraction in itself. Built in Soviet times to mine and process tungsten discovered in Kabardino-Balkaria, today it is slowly dying out as the plant has long been abandoned. A schematic map of Kabardino-Balkaria will indicate the exact location of Tyrnauz high in the mountains. Everyone who travels to Elbrus crosses the city.

Elbrus district includes a large number of industrial enterprises. The ethnic composition of the population is mainly Balkars. Here, in the Elbrus region, the flow of tourists who want to climb Elbrus does not dry out. In winter there are ski slopes and in summer there is a ski lift. The government of the republic plans to eventually turn Tyrnauz into a tourist center and thereby save the city from destruction.

Elbrus region It is famous as a balneoclimatic zone of the republic, where resorts are located. Most of this territory is included in the Elbrus region national park, protected by the state.

Kabardino-Balkaria has enormous recreational (i.e., used for health and recreation) resources. There are many unique natural attractions here. You can come here either on a tourist package or on your own, only in the second case you must stock up on a detailed map.

The highest peak in Europe, the main ridge of Kavakaz, mysterious gorges, the transparency of the waters of mountain rivers, flowery plains, snowy peaks - all these are the most beautiful places in Kabardino-Balkaria. Traveling to this fascinating region offers a rich selection of attractions and interesting sightseeing tours. Photos and videos taken in these places will leave this breathtaking trip in your memory for a long time.

In this region you can admire the mysterious Baksan and Chegem gorges, enjoy the strength and beauty of the Djily-Su tract, marvel at the scale of the towers in the village of Kunnyum and visit many other equally interesting places.

Mountain Elbrus

This is the real pride of the local region, capricious, rebellious and so majestic - a queen among the Caucasian mountain peaks. Its name translates as " eternal mountain“, some call it “the mountain of happiness”.

The height of Elbrus is more than 5000 meters above sea level, they tried to climb to its peak for many years, and only at the beginning of 1829, a group of climbers led by the military leader G. A. Emmanuel climbed to the very peak. The mountain is shrouded in snow, at the top there are a large number of glaciers that do not melt even in summer.

A large number of climbers come to this place every day, dreaming of conquering the peak. For those who do not want to climb the peak on their own, a cable car has been built.

Mount Cheget

One of the most high mountains Caucasus, its height is about 3700 meters. From the mountain you can admire the view of the highest peak in Europe – Elbrus. Another feature of Mount Cheget is the second line of the cable car, which passes through an area where there is snow throughout the year.

There are 3 stages of the cableway in total. The first is one of the most popular among tourists, its height is 1500-1600 meters. The second one starts from an altitude of 2700 meters. The third one starts at an altitude of 3100 meters, but the subscription does not apply to it and you can only get there for a fee. The best period for skiing on Cheget is from late November to mid-May; at other times of the year there is a danger of avalanches.

Chegem waterfalls

The real pearl of the Chegem Gorge is the Chegem Waterfalls. Streams of water fall from a height of 55 meters, falling off the cliff and flowing out of numerous crevices. The water falls down in a powerful stream, and a rainbow appears in the cloud of scattering drops. If you look closely at the rocks, you can see unusual images, all this was done by water over many years.

Chegem waterfalls are very beautiful and spectacular not only in summer, but also in winter: a large number of icicles hang from above, impressive blocks of ice rise from below, covering the entire rock.

Waterfall Maiden's Braids

On the rocks of Baranya foreheads, not far from the southern slopes of the Terskol peak, there is the most powerful waterfall in Kabardino-Balkaria, Maiden Spit. It did not get its name by chance - the streams of water flowing down small gutters are very reminiscent of the hair of a mountain girl.

Here the water flows in a rapid stream from the melting Gara-Bashi glacier; the height of the Maiden Spit is 25 meters, the width at the very bottom is about 14-15 meters. Up close, the waterfall seems huge and very noisy.

In this place, in 1967, one of the scenes of the movie “Vertical” was filmed with Vladimir Vysotsky in the title role.

Gedmishkh waterfalls

In the Zolsky district of Kabardino-Balkaria, 11 kilometers from the village of Khabaz, there is a beautiful cascade of Gedmishkh waterfalls.

Waterfalls fall from a cliff more than 55 meters high; it seems that the rocks and trees hang overhead like a huge umbrella, along the edges of which water flows. The waterfall is especially beautiful in clear weather; it is filled with sunlight and reflections of colorful greenery, and many rainbows appear in the cloud of spray.

A special feature of Gedmishkh is that the water in this place is clean and suitable for drinking, since its sources are the purest springs. Scientists are still studying them, trying to identify the healing properties of this water.

Blue Lakes (Chirik-Kel)

The lakes are a network of 5 karst reservoirs, one of which is considered the second deepest karst spring in the world and is a water-bearing karst mine with steep walls. On the surface, the length of the Blue Lake reaches 230 meters, the width is 125 meters, while its depth is precisely unknown. The maximum depth of the shaft is 258 meters, in the extended upper part the water depth varies from 0 to 35 meters.

The Blue Pond is a mysterious place that holds many secrets. One of the main questions is where the lake, located 800 meters above sea level, is replenished from. Neither streams nor rivers flow into it, but a river flows out with a daily volume of more than 70,000 cubic meters of water. Scientists suggest that there are underground springs in this place.

Lake Donguz Orun-Kel

It is located surrounded by two peaks - Nakra-tau and Donguz-orun-towers, whose height is 4228 meters and 4450 meters respectively. Orun-Kel is located at an altitude of just over 3000 meters. Translated by Donguz Orun-Kel means “next to the pig pen.”

A special feature of Lake Donguz is its unusually beautiful color, which it received thanks to glaciers: along with melting water, minerals from mountain deposits enter the reservoir, which color the amazing lake in 3 colors.

The lake is flowing, on one side the Donguzorun River and the Bear Creek flow into it, and the Donguz-Orun Baksan River flows out.

Lake Syltran-kel

It is considered one of the most delightful alpine lakes in the Caucasus region. It is located at an altitude of about 3000 meters between the mountain peaks of Mukal and Syltran, its area is more than 9 hectares. It is located in a deep pit of a rock-talus circus. Translated from Turkic, the name Syltran-kel sounds like “beautiful lake”.

This place has a unique rugged charm thanks to the rocky shores of Syltran-kel, the proximity of snow-capped peaks, colorful plants in rocky crevices and the remains of icebergs floating in the reservoir in the summer.

Valley of Narzans

Not far from the village of Baidevo is the famous Narzan Valley. This is the only convenient and accessible source of Narzan for tourists. The meadow has an area of ​​about 3 square kilometers and is equipped for the convenience of visitors.

In a clearing surrounded by a pine grove, several Narzan mineral springs gush out from under the ground, coloring everything around in a bright orange color - the water here is rich in calcium, iron, sodium, magnesium and potassium.

Since ancient times, Narzan has been famous as water of extraordinary healing power. According to legend, the water from this source strengthened the strength of warriors, healed mortal wounds and raised the hopelessly sick to their feet. The healing liquid should be drunk only from the source, since when you put narzan into a container, it’s already a short time a “rusty” sediment appears.

Baksan Gorge

The most famous gorge in the Central Caucasus. The Baksan Gorge originates near two ridges (Pasture and Skalisty), in an area with sparse forests that lead to the foot of Elbrus.

The ridges stretch through the villages of Zhankhoteko and Lakshuty. On one side of the gorge you can see yellowish limestone steep walls, on the other - a cliff to the Baksan River.

The Baksan Gorge is quite wide; it begins to narrow just beyond the village. Outside the town of Tyrnauz, the gorge is covered with picturesque pine forest, which stretches to the Azau clearing, located at an altitude of 2300 meters. At this point, the gorge road ends at the village of Terskol and the route to Elbrus and other Caucasus Mountains begins.

Cherek Gorge

A very picturesque place that has become very popular among tourists. In the gorge there are Blue Lakes and ancient historical monuments of the Balkar people. According to legends, it is the original place of settlement of the local people - the Balkars.

The main attractions of the gorge are Kurnoyat Castle, Andemirkana Mound, Zylgi Fortress, City of the Dead, Amirkhan Tower, Hot Lake, and small waterfalls. The rapid river Cherek flows along the bottom of the canyon. The most interesting section is the place where old road to Upper Balkaria.

The walls of the Cherek Gorge are almost vertical, their height reaches 500 meters. They are vertical, and at some points they converge to a distance of 30 meters. The majestic canyon of the gorge is Tesnina, so deep that sunlight rarely reaches here.

Chegem Gorge

The Chegem River gorge, which divides the Kabardino-Balkarian mountain zone into northern and southern parts. Rocks rise above the waters of a winding and deep river, as if artificially decorated with the greenery of trees and bushes. Noisy ones fall from the cliffs, beautiful waterfalls. All this creates a unique flavor of the Chegem Gorge.

The narrowest part of the gorge is the Chegem Gorge, in which the main part of the waterfalls is concentrated. Up the gorge there is a watchtower from the 17th century, and next to the bridge lies the “stone of shame”, according to legend, criminals were tied to it.

Walking along the Dzhilgi-su river you can see destroyed ancient Greek sanctuaries carved into the rocks. Also in this beautiful place there are lakes with crystal clean water and mineral springs.

Adyr-Su Gorge

A picturesque place located on the territory of the Elbrus National Park. At the beginning of the gorge you can admire the mesmerizing waterfall, which is formed by the stormy waters of the Adyr-Su River. There are many mountain peaks here (Dzhailyk, Sullukol, Tyutyu-bashi, Kayarta, Sakashil, Killar and others), to which routes of varying difficulty levels have been laid.

In Adyr-Su, the reserve regime is observed, there are few casual visitors and tourists. Aurochs live in these places, and bears live in the berry patches and thickets of undergrowth. Among the screes and rock walls live mountain turkeys - snowcocks. However, this bird is rarely seen, but often in the silence of the mountains you can hear its melodic singing.

The lowlands of the gorge are covered with forests, but with height they thin out and are replaced by alpine meadows, and behind them are snowy peaks, inaccessible rocks, and glaciers.

Dzhil-Su tract

This is a place where you can admire waterfalls, mountain ranges, wild rivers with crystal clear water, alpine meadows and mineral springs.

The mineral springs of the tract were formed in layers of frozen volcanic magma and are located at a peak 2350 kilometers above sea level. Scientists have found that the substances contained in mineral water can treat many diseases, including cancer.

Also in this area flows the large Malka River, along which there are pastures. In the Jil-Su tract you can admire the Sultan waterfall, the height of which falls is more than 35 meters.

National Park "Elbrus"

The territory of the national park is located in the central Caucasus and includes part of the Side and Main Caucasus ranges. Within the Elbrus region, several relief forms are distinguished: mid-altitude mountain, high-mountain-glacial, lake-basin and lava flows.

The beautiful nature of the park attracts many tourists here. Here you can enjoy the view of the majestic Mount Elbrus, the picturesque gorges of the North Caucasus, and snow-capped mountain peaks.

Also in the park you can visit many wonderful places, for example, the Narzan Glade, the upper reaches of the Malka River, the Dzhil-Su tract, and numerous lakes. One of the most interesting is Syltran-Kel, located at the source of the Syltran River.

The rivers of the national park are famous for their exceptionally beautiful waterfalls. These are Sultan, Maiden Braids and others. Monuments of archaeology, history and ethnography are represented in this place by the remains of economic and residential buildings and burials.

Archaeological and tourist complex "Upper Balkaria"

The final point of the popular excursion route through Aushiger and the Blue Lakes. The complex is located in the village of Verkhnyaya Balkariya, in the southeast of the Chereksky district.

The territory of the archaeological and tourist complex is rich in various attractions. Here you can admire the cultural heritage of the indigenous people of the late Middle Ages: watchtowers and battle towers, feudal residences, underground and above-ground mausoleums - tomb crypts, fortifications of Malkar-kala, Zylgy-kala, Bolat-kala, Karcha-kala, Kurnayat-bashi castle , ruins of ancient Balkar villages.

Brief information for tourists

Kabardino-Balkarian Republic combines all the most important modern tourist features: favorable climatic conditions, beautiful nature, many attractions and cultural values. That is why thousands of travelers are fleeing from the rainy summer, slushy autumn and late spring to a flourishing region, where they can not only relax physically, but also restore the moral resources spent during the working year.

Geographical position
Kabardino-Balkaria is part of the North Caucasus. The republic spreads its possessions in the south of the European part of the Russian Federation. The northern, western and northeastern parts border on the Stavropol Territory; from the east and southeast you can get to North Ossetia.
The border line is winding, its total length is 696 km, which indicates the impressive size of the CBD. Only a small part passes through mountainous areas; mostly the borders lie along plains and foothills. In the south, the territory runs along the crest of the Caucasus Range,
The capital is the city of Nalchik, the distance from it to the capital of the Russian Federation is 1873 km. The economic and geographical location of the region is very favorable for development various industries industry and trade: access to three sea basins (Black, Azov and Caspian seas).

Relief
Despite the fact that the territory of the Republic is limited, it amazes with the diversity of landscapes. Its assets are springs of healing mineral waters (hot and cold). Within the CBD there is Mount Elbrus (the highest point in Europe), the Caucasus Mountains, deep tracts, lakes, valleys of the Terek River, as well as picturesque oases around reservoirs, ready to shelter weary travelers.
There are several mountain peaks in the territory that attract tourists with their grandeur and the desire to conquer them as part of hiking trips.
The upper part of the mountains and slopes are constantly covered with a crust of ice; the snow almost never melts off them. Five ridges are located along the same parallel relative to each other (Lesisty, Skalisty, Pastbishchny, Bokovoy, Vodorazdelny), their height increases if you move towards the southern part. Mountain rivers fill with water in winter and serve as a source for irrigation of agricultural land and other land resources in the region, and also power hydroelectric power stations that supply electricity to certain parts of the region.
In the southern part, beyond the Kabardian Plain, a forest begins, mainly consisting of species such as beeches and hornbeams. When viewed from above, its range of shades starts from dark green and reaches almost black.
The bright green Pasture Ridge deserves special attention, starting in spring, it is covered with alpine grasses, which not only decorate the huge area, but also serve as useful feed for livestock, which is largely exported to other countries.
There are a large number of minerals in the mountainous area, which are still mined today. In the area of ​​the Baksan Gorge there are large tungsten and molybdenum deposits; at other sites you can find gold, zinc, tin, and iron ore.
Mineral springs occupy mainly the foothills; they have differences in the chemical composition of the water, which formed the basis for the classification: sulfide, carbon dioxide, radon, siliceous.

Nature
Special natural conditions created a huge and completely unknown world inhabited by animals. Many plants grow here that cannot be found in other, even protected areas of the Russian Federation.
In 1976, the Kabardino-Balkarian High Mountain Nature Reserve was created, the purpose of which was to create conditions for the protection of natural complexes from destructive business activities (development, destruction of plants and animals).
In the territory There are 316 species of birds, including rare ones, and 62 species of amphibian mammals. Among the birds there are: thrushes, larks, house redstart, alpine jackdaw, gray partridge, Caucasian black grouse, chough, pheasant, wood pigeon, red-winged wallcreeper. There are also dangerous ones - the tawny owl, the black vulture, the golden eagle, the great buzzard, and the spotted eagle.
Animals in Kabardino-Balkaria form the core of the fauna of the North Caucasus. Mountain goats (turs), snowcock, Promethean mouse, the world of wild fauna is represented by gophers, jackals, voles, moles, otters. In the forests there are bison and wild boars, lynx and roe deer, some of them can be dangerous for a person who accidentally disturbs the peace of the majestic region.
There are more than 6 thousand flowering plants, each representative of the flora is unique in its own way. Evergreen shrubs grow in the highlands, which practically do not change their shade at any time of the year. Wild cherries, cherry plums, Caucasian pears, hazels, blackthorns, dogwoods - these fruits can be enjoyed while walking around the area as part of the excursion program. Occasionally you can find yew - a coniferous tree, which is not only very beautiful, but also has a long history dating back to antiquity. The flower world is also rich - bluebells, alpine aster, carnation, primrose, anemones. You can relax among such a riot of colors at any time. If the summer heat haunts a tourist, he has every chance to settle down under the spreading crowns of trees, being disturbed only by occasional flying birds.

Climate
In this region, altitudinal zonation dictates its conditions: the climate is not the same everywhere and depends on the altitude of the area above sea level. If you climb high into the mountains, you can feel how cold it is there - eternal snow and ice crust make themselves felt, cold air masses do not stop flowing in this area. Below the snow line it becomes warmer; here you can see how high-mountain streams flow smoothly down, and the water in them is crystal clear.
The foothills are characterized by a temperate continental climate. In the north-eastern part, the heat peaks in the summer, and in the steppes you can feel a warm breeze.
Precipitation here is also uneven, with the least amount in the Kabardian Plain (up to 400 mm).
Most of the lakes on the territory of the CBD are of glacial origin; they are located very high - up to 2000 meters above sea level. In the summer, this creates a natural phenomenon of unsurpassed beauty - mudflows with warm rains.

RECREATION IN KABARDINO-BALKARIA

This area is annually chosen for recreation by millions of tourists from different parts of the globe. This region is considered one of the most favorable for sports recreation and extreme tourism.
There are currently no agencies in the territory that would develop routes for travelers. You can book a trip and plan your pastime in advance; sometimes doing this on the spot is very problematic. But there are a huge number of hotels and boarding houses that open their doors to guests. Comfortable living conditions, food and walks around protected places- this is enough for an unforgettable trip experience.
One of the most unusual and interesting areas is “event” tourism. It is dedicated to various events held annually in the Caucasus.
One of the most unforgettable and desirable events for travelers is a freeride tournament (this is a truly extreme vacation - alpine skiing or snowboarding with virtually no rules established by the organizers, carried out mainly on undeveloped slopes full of dangers). The tournament is attended by real pros - “Elbrus Open” riders who have a certain level of qualifications in the disciplines of alpine skiing and snowboarding. Hundreds of tourists from various cities of the Russian Federation come here.

Ski Kabardino-Balkaria

The Republic occupies a leading position among all-Russian mountaineering centers. Since most of the territory of the republic is occupied by mountain ranges (the northern slopes of the Caucasus), tourism is systematically developing here, cable cars and ski slopes are being built, comfortable for both beginners and professional skiers. Of the seven so-called “five thousand meters” (meaning peaks whose height exceeds 5000 m above sea level) in this area, six of them are located in Kabardino-Balkaria. The majestic mountain, the double-headed Elbrus, Dykh-tau, Shkhara, Koshtan-tau, Pushkin Peak and Dzhangi-tau, which are practically not inferior to it in height - all this is a chance to conquer if you have the desire, sports equipment, and an experienced instructor-guide.
Thrill-seekers should visit the Elbrus region, where a pendulum-type cable car is located in fully working order. It is called "Elbrus" and runs from the point "Azau" to the station "Old Horizon", then to the point "Mir". Its total length is approximately two kilometers; you can walk them, admiring the beauty of the surrounding nature.
A section of the new gondola-type road, called "Azau - Stary Krugozor", will also be attractive for tourists.
You can choose a ski slope depending on your skills; their total length is approximately 35 km. Separately, there are open spaces undeveloped by man; the rest of the territory is rolled out using special equipment to give tourists a real European level of a resort area for winter recreation.
For those who love challenging trails, we recommend visiting Mount Cheget. This is one of the most difficult areas not only in the North Caucasus, but also in the world's ski resorts.
Its height is 3700 m; not only are there popular tourist centers, but also various international competitions in freeride and downhill skiing of varying degrees of difficulty are held here.
In the Elbrus region, a 5-kilometer section of the border strip is completely closed; tourists do not have free access to it. Only after receiving special permission from local authorities (the checkpoint is located in the village of Elbrus).

Excursions around Kabardino-Balkaria

For those who booked a trip in advance, there is an opportunity to look into the most hidden corners of nature Kabardino-Balkarian Republic.
The routes that run to Upper Balkaria through the mountain gorge, as well as to the Blue Lakes, are very popular.
A real paradise for those who are interested in speleology will be the Bezengi Wall, the Chegem Gorge and the Narzan Valley. There are a large number of caves that have not yet been fully explored by historians and archaeologists; there is always hope of finding the remains of ancient civilizations that inhabited the Caucasus several centuries ago. One of the recent discoveries is a cave, the length of which is more than 5 km. There you can find underground lakes, see multi-layered stalactites and touch antiquity in the truest sense of the word.
Accommodation at the Glacier Hotel would be interesting. This is a real extreme for those who are accustomed to warmth and comfort - the temperature in such an impromptu settlement does not rise more than +5 to +10 C.
For those who like a more relaxing holiday, they suggest visiting a unique natural reserve located in the south. Created with the aim of protecting the environment from destruction, it still preserves the complexes of the Caucasus; glaciers, river beds (Cherek, Chegem), and rocky deposits remain untouched.

Sights of Kabardino-Balkaria

The mountain region, unique in its beauty, is a real treasure trove of attractions that tourists simply must visit. Only in this case will a broad and correct opinion about this wonderful region be formed.

Elbrus National Park
This is an example of what a full-fledged organized vacation should be like.
The park was created in 1986, its unique location is on the Central Caucasus Square. The border of the cultural monument, created by nature with the participation of man, is made up of mountain ranges. If you are in the park itself, you get the impression that this is the bottom of a pit, but not wild, but extremely beautiful and ennobled. This impression is not surprising; the mountains rise 1500 - 5500 meters above sea level.
This is practically the only place where you can find such an unusual combination of landscapes: midlands and highlands, lakes, glaciers and basins.
Such a relief was formed under the influence of the active tectonic activity of Mother Nature over several centuries.
The only inconvenience is that it is difficult to predict the weather that will be most suitable for outdoor recreation. In the morning there may be a bright sun shining, but it will suddenly hide behind the clouds and it will rain heavily.
The area occupied by the Elbrus National Park is quite vast and amounts to about 101 thousand hectares. This is enough for the location of several villages, where several thousand people live and engage in agriculture - and all this in the vastness of amazing nature.
Approximately 75% of the territory is occupied by forest, which is home to many species of animals and birds, and there are wild animals. You can get to the park by transfer from the city of Nalchik, the capital of the region. The flora and fauna are considered unique, so fishing in the lakes and hunting animals and birds is strictly prohibited here. A walk through the park can demonstrate one of the rarest plants used in folk medicine - Caucasian rhododendron. A powerful root system, strong but flexible stems can withstand about one and a half meters of snow cover. In spring, rhododendron blooms and little can outshine this natural phenomenon in beauty - huge flower beds with pink bouquets and a delicate aroma can turn the head of even the most experienced traveler.

Lake Tambukan
One of the healing corners of the world, comfortably hidden in the territory of Kabardino-Balkaria, is Lake Tambukan. The first thing that catches your eye is the interesting combination of lush vegetation, varying in color.
The area around the lake is a wide lowland, above which mountains rise.
The powerful healing effect that the waters of this lake provide is difficult to compare with other water bodies in Russia. Sulfide-type silt mud will help improve the health of the body, but you will have to visit the lake at least several times.
Currently, Tambukan has environmental problems that the country's authorities are trying to solve. If everything works out, the healing mud will continue to be exported outside the CBD, as well as supply local health resorts.
The water of the lake is always crystal clear, thanks to this the muddy bottom is visible and creates the illusion, when viewed from afar, that Tambukan is impenetrably black and alluring. Gradually approaching, the tourist will feel the desire to plunge into the lake in order to cleanse himself of problems and chronic ailments that undermine the body.

Waterfall "Tsar's Crown"
Cascade waterfalls have always attracted tourists, as it is difficult to find a more charming and interesting spectacle than this. In the Zolsky district, a water body - Gedmishkh - has recently become accessible to visitors. Previously, it was simply impossible to get here by any vehicle. At the moment, the dirt road allows travel only by SUVs and other large special equipment.
The rock itself is more than 60 meters high, with beautiful thin streams of waterfalls flowing from it. Clear water, which is ready to demolish all obstacles on its path, originates from under the roots of one tree growing on the top of a mountain.
During the time of the tsarist rule, it was planned to take water from this waterfall for health resorts and resorts, but the project was not implemented due to the outbreak of the World War. If you carefully observe the surrounding nature for a long time, you can see the similarity of one rock with the profile of Ivan the Terrible. Currently, scientists are studying the composition of the water flowing from the top of the rocks; there is evidence that it is healing and can be drunk.

Elbrus - the highest mountain in Russia
Speaking about the sights of the region, one cannot fail to mention the majestic Mount Elbrus. This is the highest point of the country, the peaks of which are always clad in ice armor. The snow never melts here and many people, in their dreams and in reality, strive to conquer the peak.
5500 meters above sea level - what you see from the peak of the mountain can make your head spin. In 1829, General Emmanuel's expedition finally reached the summit. The organizers of the holiday have equipped a cable car for those who just want to take walks through this marvelous area, but not climb too high.
The mountain does not like overly arrogant tourists, so you should not set off without special equipment and without undergoing serious preparation for the ascent. Local residents talk about hundreds of cases when, without going up even a few kilometers, a person broke down and fell down.

Hot springs in Aushiger
A very interesting phenomenon is when, at any time of the year, steam rises from the water above the ground, demonstrating its high temperature. There are hot springs not far from the Stavropol Territory. The village of Aushiger attracts local residents and tourists especially in autumn and winter to stay warm and healthy.
Hot mountain water contains a record amount of salts and minerals, which create conditions for people suffering from musculoskeletal disorders. This area is designed for recreation; experts recommend staying in the thermal waters for no more than three hours without a break.
You need to have warm clothes with you; the temperature difference between the water and the surrounding air depends on the time of year, but it can be dramatic; it’s easy to freeze.

Karst Blue Lakes
The Chereksky district of the Republic is famous for its Blue Lakes. You can get here from Nalchik (the distance is only 50 km) on your own along a good road or order excursion transport.
The lower of the five mountain lakes is called Chirik-Kel (different names may appear in different documentary sources). The temperature here never rises above 8-9 degrees, so there are few people willing to swim. The depth of the lake is more than 22 meters, the water is so clean and transparent that the inner surfaces of the shores and plants can be seen. Outwardly, the water is very calm, it seems that even a breath of wind does not disturb it. But this calm is deceptive; not far from the shore there is a whirlpool in which many people died. The depth of the upper lakes can reach 17 meters; swimming in them is much more comfortable and warmer than in Nizhny.
Holidays on the Blue Lakes are always bright and memorable. There is practically no population living in this region; the main companions of tourists are still, silent mountains.

Sugan Alps
On the border of Ossetia and the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic there is another place of marvelous beauty - the Sugan Alps, which has significant tourism potential. These are famous mountain ranges that attract mountaineers and rock climbers who like to be thrilled but remain relatively safe.
The climate here is radically different - it is cold, the air humidity is high. There are also dangers from the animal world - a large number of wild aurochs live in the area. Locals do not recommend going here alone.
Of course, the Sugan Alps cannot surpass the Swiss Alps in height and grandeur, but this does not reduce the value of this corner of pristine nature.
You can only get to the slopes along “goat” paths; there are no improved roads here. At the foot of the mountains you can meet shepherds grazing sheep, who will treat tired travelers with real sheep cheese, ayran and fresh, still warm milk.

Local traditions

The preserved traditions of the indigenous population are carefully passed on from generation to generation Kabardino-Balkaria. Customs are more important for them than laws; breaking them can result in severe punishment.
Women here obey the will of men unquestioningly, they do not enter into disputes, do not contradict and try with all their might to maintain a home. A man returns from work to a warm and cozy home, filled with the aromas of delicious food, children's laughter and the smile of a tired but happy wife. Traditionally, the stronger sex is the provider of finances and the guarantor of the family’s material well-being. Previously, a married man and woman were not allowed to be in the same room and address each other by name; there was a division of the house into two halves - male and female.
Particular strictness between children and parents has survived to this day. Education for Kabardians is a responsible process, which they approached seriously, without wasting time on unnecessary caresses and kisses. Along with this, grandparents can allow themselves everything forbidden in relation to their children.
The Balkars have a strict tradition regarding the fire going out in the home. It cannot be lit again by asking a neighbor for a torch. For these purposes, there is a certain day (only one) on which you can exchange fire.
One of the surviving wedding traditions is the “groom’s cup.” After the wedding ceremony, he was presented with a huge copper bowl filled to the brim with beer. There was a lot of sparkling drink - about 10 liters. In order to complicate his task, the outer part of the bowl was lubricated vegetable oil. It is not permissible for a man to drink beer without spilling even a drop on the floor.
The oral folk art of the Balkars, which is passed down from ancestors to heirs, is also noteworthy. Heroic epics, songs and lullabies - all this has been under the close attention of historians studying the region for many centuries.
A horseshoe hangs above each entrance, bringing happiness, and from evil eye Horse skulls are buried in the yard. When the first rain comes in the spring, it is customary to pour water on each other - this will give strength and health for the whole year.
When a person died, he was washed with water (this tradition has survived to this day in almost all regions of the country). On the fortieth day, sweet pies and candies were distributed to the children; on the 52nd day, a stuffed animal was built, which was dressed in the clothes of the deceased. Having lit a large fire, the Kabardians led him around the flame and complained to him about problems and asked for help. Then they brought us into the house, left us to eat and left so as not to disturb us.
The child was given a name only on the seventh day after birth, before then the father could choose various options, think over which of them will influence the baby’s fate better.
On the neck of every local resident you can see amulets of various configurations, protecting him from the evil eye, bringing wealth and good luck. At the same time, the financial side of success is not highly valued by old-timers; the main thing is simple human happiness.

Visiting the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic is one of the greatest pleasures for those who prefer active or extreme sports tourism in the mountains. You definitely need to take warm clothes with you; the weather in this region is capricious and can present an unexpected and not very pleasant surprise. The cost of previously booked tours varies slightly from year to year.