Analysis of the poems “Frost, Red Nose” and “Russian Women. Essay “The image of a Russian woman in the works of N.

In his works, Nekrasov dedicated many lines to Russian women. He portrayed women in different ways.

In the poem “Frost. Red nose" Nekrasov described the image of a peasant woman. This woman is stately, beautiful, with white even teeth, scarlet lips, rosy cheeks, and long brown braids. She has smooth movements and a proud gait. This woman skillfully does all the work on the farm. She sings and dances well. A peasant woman married a peasant. She has a good hard-working husband, kind father-in-law and mother-in-law, healthy children. She lived well. When her husband got sick, she tried every way to help him. She alone was not afraid to go to the monastery at night for a healing icon. But the death of her husband crushed her. She died in the forest with thoughts of her beloved husband.

In the poem “Russian Women” Nekrasov spoke about the princesses Ekaterina Trubetskoy and Maria Volkonskaya. They were not afraid of condemnation in the world. They decided to go into exile for their husbands. These women are accustomed to living in luxury since childhood, not needing anything. They decided to go against the will of their parents, to refuse luxurious life, risk your life, your health. They did all this in order to be close to their husbands. They have overcome a difficult and long journey. Local officials tried to intimidate them, but they did not change their decision.

In these two works, Nekrasov showed all the beauty and strength of the Russian woman. He admired both the life of a simple peasant woman and the heroism of noblewomen. Russian women are strong, smart, beautiful, faithful.

In this article we will get acquainted with the work created by Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov in 1863. Let us describe the poem of this great author, her summary. Nekrasova (“Moroz, we first discovered it back in school. But you can re-read the works of this author endlessly.

The poem begins with the following event. Terrible grief in one peasant hut: the breadwinner and owner, Proclus Sevastyanich, died. His mother brings a coffin for her son. The father goes to the cemetery to dig a grave in the frozen ground. Daria, a peasant's widow, sews a shroud for her late husband.

Russian peasant women

We continue to describe the summary. Nekrasov (“Frost, Red Nose”) has always been attracted to Russian peasant women. In his works, he admired their strength, endurance, and courage. There are three difficult fates: to marry a slave, to submit to a slave until the grave, and to be the mother of a slave-son. All this fell to the lot of the Russian peasant woman. However, despite the suffering, there are women in Russian villages to whom the dirt does not seem to stick. These beauties bloom as a wonder to the world, enduring both cold and hunger evenly and patiently, while remaining beautiful in all clothes and dexterous in their work. They do not like idleness on weekdays, but on holidays their face lights up with a cheerful smile and such a hearty laugh that money cannot buy. A woman in Rus' will enter a burning hut and stop a galloping horse. There is a sense of both strict efficiency and inner strength. The Russian peasant woman is sure that her salvation lies in work. Therefore, she does not feel sorry for the wretched beggar walking around idle. She is fully rewarded for her work: the peasant woman’s family knows no need, the children are well-fed and healthy, the house is always warm, there is an extra piece for the holiday.

The grief that befell Daria

Daria, the widow of the deceased Proclus, was just such a woman. But grief has now dried her up. No matter how hard the girl tries to hold back her tears, they fall onto her hands, which are sewing the shroud. The mother and father, having taken their frozen grandchildren, Grisha and Masha, to their neighbors, dress the dead man. No extra words nothing is said at the same time, no one shows tears. It seems that the harsh beauty of the deceased, in whose head there is a burning candle, does not allow crying. And only then, when the last rites have already been performed, the lamentations begin.

Devoted Savraska

Savraska is taking her owner to last way. The horse served Proclus a lot: both in winter, going with him as a carrier, and in summer, while working in the field. Proclus caught a cold while driving. He was in a hurry to deliver the goods on time. The family treated the breadwinner: they doused him with water from 9 spindles, took him to a bathhouse, lowered him into an ice hole, threaded him through a sweaty collar 3 times, put him under a chicken roost, offered prayers before miraculous icon. But Proclus no longer got up.

Daria goes to the forest for firewood

As usual, neighbors cry during a funeral, feel sorry for the family of the deceased, praise the deceased, and then go home. Daria, having returned from the funeral, wants to caress and feel sorry for the children, but she does not have time for affection. The peasant woman sees that there is not a log of firewood left at home, and, having again taken the children to a neighbor, she sets off on the same Savraska into the forest.

Daria's Tears

You are reading a summary of the poem by N.A. Nekrasov "Frost, Red Nose". This is not the text of the work itself. Nikolai Alekseevich's poem is written in verse.

On the way across the plain, glistening with snow, tears appear in Daria's eyes - probably from the sun... And only when she enters the forest with its graveside peace, a crushing howl breaks out of the girl's chest. Indifferently the forest listens to the moans of the widow, hiding them forever in the uninhabited wilderness. Daria, without wiping away her tears, begins to chop wood and thinks about her husband, talks to him, calls him. All this is described in detail by Nekrasov N.A. conveys only the main events of the work.

Prophetic dream

The girl remembers the dream she had before Stasov’s day. A countless army surrounded her. Suddenly it turned into rye ears. Daria cried out to her husband for help, but he did not come out. The peasant woman was left alone to reap rye. She understands that this dream turned out to be prophetic, and asks her husband for help in the backbreaking work awaiting her. Daria imagines winter nights without Proclus, endless fabrics that she will weave for her son’s marriage. Along with thoughts about his son, the fear arises that Grisha will be illegally given up as a recruit, since there will be no one to stand up for him.

Frost the Voivode

"Frost, Red Nose" by Nekrasov summary continues with Daria, having piled the firewood on the firewood, heading home. But then, mechanically taking an ax and intermittently, quietly howling, he approaches the pine tree and freezes under it. Then Frost the Voivode, who is walking around his possessions, approaches her. He waves an ice mace over Daria, calls her to his kingdom, says that he will warm and caress the widow...

Daria is covered with sparkling frost; she dreams of the recent hot summer. A girl dreams that she is by the river, digging potatoes in strips. There are children with her, a baby beating under her heart, who should be born by spring. Daria, shielding herself from the sun, watches as the cart drives further and further. Grisha, Masha, Proclus are sitting in it...

"Enchanted Dream" by Daria

In a dream, Daria hears the sounds of a wondrous song, the last traces of agony disappear from her face. Her heart is quenched by this song, in which there is “longer happiness.” In sweet and deep peace, oblivion comes to the widow along with death. The peasant woman's soul dies to passion and sorrow. A squirrel drops a ball of snow on the girl, and Daria freezes in an “enchanted sleep.”

This concludes the summary. Nekrasov (“Frost, Red Nose”) is called the singer of the Russian people. Many of this author’s works are dedicated to his difficult life. This also applies to the poem that interests us. We begin to sympathize with the fate of the Russian peasant woman after reading even a short summary. Nekrasov (“Frost, Red Nose”) is considered to be one of the greatest Russian poets. The artistic power of this work is amazing. You can verify this by reading the original poem.

Many writers created images of Russian women in their works. Often these were heroines from noble life, but writers and ordinary women that were born peasant women. was one of the first to introduce into his works new type peasant heroines, as shown by an excerpt from his poem “Frost, Red Nose” There are women in Russian villages. The poem itself tells readers about the fate of Daria, who became a widow, but a small deviation from the story, the writer’s monologue showed the fate of all Russian women - peasant women. The writer, using the example of one heroine, creates a generalized image that the author admires, passing on his admiration to the readers.

The image of a Russian woman in Nekrasov's poem

What kind of image is this of a Russian woman in Nekrasov’s poem and his monologue There are women in Russian villages? And we immediately see how beautiful they are. Their gazes are like the gaze of queens, and she will pass as if the sun were illuminating the area. Despite the fact that Russian women are in a difficult life situation, dirt does not stick to them. Russian women are also slender, rosy-cheeked, and most importantly, they are hardy and can withstand anything, endure anything. As Nekrasov writes, women endure cold and hunger, and withstand hard work, where with one stroke of the scythe a haystack is ready.

These are women who do not like idleness. They are thrifty and hard-working. They also know how to have fun in the infrequent free minute, but work is still in the foreground. After all, only work will bring reward and the family will not be in need, so there is no need to sharpen the lasses. The salvation of a simple peasant woman is in her work, which provides comfort, a warm home and a well-fed lunch for children. And the image of a Russian woman in the passage There are women in Russian villages appears to us as hardworking, beautiful woman, a wonderful mother and a wonderful housewife.

The image of a woman created by Nekrasov is accurate and lively, conveying, first of all, the strength of Russian women, their strong spirit, endurance and self-esteem. The Nekrasova woman is endowed with the best features of a woman, which were valued in the past, are valued today and will certainly be valued in the future.

• Preparatory materials for an essay on the works of Nekrasov.

N. A. Nekrasov

Sample essay text

The image of a Russian woman in the poetry of N. A. Nekrasov

Every writer strives to create in his works a type of woman that would express his ideas about the ideal heroine. Such are Pushkin’s Tatyana Larina, Turgenev’s girls: Liza Kapitana, Natalya Lasunskaya, Elena Stakhova. These wonderful heroines who were embodied best features Russian character, generated by the nobility. Nekrasov introduces a new heroine into his poems and poems - a peasant woman who combines the moral purity characteristic of noble girls and hard work, perseverance, and strength of character, which are formed precisely by the peasant environment.

In the poet’s early poems we see, as it were, the first sketches of the future bright and expressive image of the “majestic Slavic woman.” Nekrasov’s first poem, which brought him fame, "On the road" dedicated to the fate of the peasant girl Grusha, who was destroyed by the gentlemen with their apparent kindness. Having given her a noble upbringing and education, they then returned her to the peasant environment, from which she had completely alienated herself. This dramatic fate An educated girl from the people, dependent on the whim of the master, appears before us in the story of her husband, the coachman. The fates of Russian peasant women are surprisingly similar to each other in that they are filled to the brim with grief, resentment, humiliation, and backbreaking labor. Therefore in the poem "Troika", drawing a charming portrait of a “black-browed savage,” the author sadly foresees her future life, which will turn this charming, full-of-life creature into a woman aged early, in whose face “an expression of dull patience and senseless eternal fear will suddenly appear.” Thus, drawing images of peasant women, the author persistently asserts the idea that unbearable living conditions, lack of rights, and slavery ruin their destinies, cripple their souls, in which strength is uselessly extinguished, desires and aspirations are killed. About the grave female share the poem "In in full swing village suffering." The basis of the life of the nameless heroine of this poem is endless hard labor, which exhausts her strength and does not allow her to rest.

The poor woman is exhausted,
A column of insects sways above her,
It stings, tickles, buzzes!

Lifting a heavy roe deer,
The woman cut her bare leg -
There is no time to stop the bleeding!

This realistically drawn picture gives a vivid idea of ​​the life of a free peasant woman, for the poem was written in 1862, that is, after the abolition of serfdom. The fate of the Russian woman from the people still remains difficult. But these unbearable conditions harden female character, forcing you to persevere through life’s trials.

To Daria's share from the poem "Jack Frost" a terrible grief befalls - the death of the husband, the breadwinner, the support and hope of the family. But it is not only the poverty that threatens in the near future that is draining Daria. The worst thing for her is the loss of her beloved husband. Pride forces her to hold back the approaching tears, which nevertheless spill onto the “coffin canvas.” Daria's courageous and persistent character is manifested in the fact that she herself sews a shroud for her deceased husband, carefully takes the children to a neighbor, and goes to the forest for firewood immediately after the funeral. Pictures of Daria's dying dream reveal her high moral qualities- devoted love for husband and children, hard work, willpower. To express his deep sympathy for the heroine, the author uses such epithets to create her image as “bitter widow”, “young widow”, and affectionately calls her “Daryushka”. The poet uses a metaphor here in a very unexpected way. The tears of the crying Daria either fall like rain, or flow out like overripe grains, or harden into pearls. Mentally talking to her husband, endlessly grieving for him, Daria courageously faces trouble, taking care of the children. But she is so accustomed to sharing her joys and sorrows with Proclus that even after his death, thinking about her son’s upcoming wedding, she addresses her deceased husband as if he were alive.

Didn’t I try to take care of him?
Did I regret anything?
I was afraid to tell him
How I loved him!

How much tenderness, love, care, affection and warmth is contained in these simple, artless words! Even hard peasant labor is painted with light, joyful tones in the picture of the heroine’s dying dream, because in it next to her are those who are dearest to her: a caring, hardworking husband, a nimble little son Grishukha, a beautiful playful Masha. This bright, festive picture is the last thing the freezing Daria sees. Only in death does she find peace and happiness, for life promises her only hopeless need and grief. This means that Daria’s misfortune reflected the tragedy of many peasant women: wives, sisters, mothers. It’s not for nothing that the poem contains the author’s narration about sad fate The heroine is interrupted by the poet's excited monologue about Russian peasant women. In it, he paints a generalized image of a “majestic Slavic woman” who “will stop a galloping horse and enter a burning hut.”

Beauty, the world is a wonder,
Blush, slim, tall,
She is beautiful in any clothes,
Dexterous for any job.

He endures both hunger and cold,
Always patient, even...
I saw how she squints:
With a wave, the mop is ready!

This bright, expressive portrait reveals the high moral traits of a peasant woman: strength, endurance, hard work, integrity of character, modesty, dignity. The Russian peasant woman, crushed by backbreaking labor, nevertheless managed to preserve a free heart, strength of spirit, physical and spiritual beauty even in slavery. Perhaps, these features of a Russian woman from the people were most fully embodied in the image of Matryona Timofeevna Korchagina from the poem "Who lives well in Rus'". But there is also something new in her that distinguishes her from other heroines of Nekrasov. She protests against her slave position and actively fights for her happiness. Actually, Matryona Timofeevna’s whole life, which she tells the truth-seekers about, is an endless stubborn struggle with grief, injustice, humiliation, and lawlessness. Introducing readers to his heroine, Nekrasov gives her portrait, which expresses the popular idea of ​​female beauty.

Matrena Timofeevna,
dignified woman,
Wide and dense
About thirty-eight years old.
Beautiful: gray hair,
The eyes are big, strict,
The richest eyelashes,
Severe and dark.

The entire appearance of Nekrasov’s heroine is full of dignity and calm restraint. In her life, short joys were replaced by severe misfortunes, which, however, did not break her strong nature. The enormous spiritual powers of this woman helped her endure terrible death first-born Demushka, they gave her the strength to protect her second son Fedotushka from cruel punishment, to achieve the cancellation of the illegal sending of her husband to conscription. She achieved her relative well-being herself, bravely struggling with troubles and adversity, defending her human dignity. Matryona Timofeevna's story about her life is crowned with a parable about the keys to women's happiness.

The keys to women's happiness,
From our free will
Abandoned, lost
From God himself.

In Nekrasov’s poem there is an optimistic thought that the “keys” must be found, for the Russian peasant woman deserves a happy and free life, which will help realize her rich moral powers, finding worthy use for them.

The theme of N. A. Nekrasov’s poem “Frost, Red Nose” is quite definite; for the poet it is one of the main ones in his work - this is the sphere of life, everyday life and being common people, peasants, their happiness and misfortunes, hardships and joys, hard work and rare moments of rest. But, perhaps, what interested the author most of all was the female character. This poem is entirely dedicated to the Russian woman - as the poet saw her. And here I immediately remember Nekrasov’s poem “Yesterday, at six o’clock...”, in which he calls his Muse “ sister” peasant women, thereby forever defining their commitment to this topic.

“Frost, Red Nose” is a poem about the heroism and strength of a woman, manifested in unity with nature and in opposition to it. The work is based on a deep, detailed knowledge of peasant life. At the center of the poem is a woman in all her guises: “woman”, “beautiful and powerful Slavic woman”, “womb” and, finally, “woman of the Russian land”. The poet paints a national type, which is why life in the poem is so significant, and death takes on the meaning of a true tragedy.

The heroine is a “majestic Slav”, in appearance which embodied popular ideas about a real beauty:

There are women in Russian villages

With calm importance of faces,

With beautiful strength in movements,

With the gait, with the look of queens, -

Wouldn't a blind person notice them?

And the sighted man says about them:

“It will pass - as if the sun will shine!

If he looks, he’ll give you a ruble!”

Nekrasov’s Russian woman has real spiritual wealth. In her image the poet shows a man of tall moral qualities, not losing faith, not broken by any sorrows. Nekrasov praises her fortitude in life trials, pride, dignity, care for family and children. Daria's fate - not an easy lot a peasant woman who took on all the men's work and died as a result. Her fate is perceived as a typical fate of a Russian woman:

Fate had three hard parts,

And the first part: to marry a slave,

The second is to be the mother of a slave's son,

And the third is to submit to the slave until the grave,

And all these formidable shares fell

To a woman of Russian soil.

Taking care of the family, raising children, working around the house and in the field, even the most hard labour– all this lay on Daria. But she did not break under this weight. This is exactly what the poet admires. He says about Russian peasant women that “the dirt of the wretched situation does not seem to stick to them.” Such a woman “endures both hunger and cold.” There is still room for compassion in her soul. Daria went many miles for a miraculous icon that could cure her husband.

True, Daria avoided one of the “hard fates”: “to submit to a slave until the grave.” Her relationship with Proclus was extremely happy. Her husband loved her with that restrained, somewhat harsh love that is characteristic of peasant families. In hard work, she was always not just his assistant, but his equal, a faithful comrade. She was the pillar on which the family was attached. He and Proclus were given the happiness of raising healthy children and dreaming of their son’s wedding. The hard work was redeemed by sincere feelings and mutual understanding. But the disease took away her husband. Having buried him, Daria did not give up, shedding tears, constantly turning to him, talking as if he were alive, she also performed great job, as long as the children are well-fed and healthy. But fate, the villain, also predetermined the children orphan's share. Daria never gave up in a single battle in life, nor did she give in. mystical power. Frost the governor offers her his kingdom, the “blue palace” and at the same time peace, oblivion from torment, non-existence. But she, freezing, with a last effort of will, resurrects in her memory all her past life, albeit heavy and hopeless, but still dear to her. With the same humility with which she endured all the blows of fate, Daria talks to Moroz. To his question, “Are you warm, young lady?” she answers three times: “It’s warm.” No complaint or groan escaped her lips.

The idea of ​​the poem is to glorify the strength of the Russian woman. For the poet, she is the ideal of external beauty: “The world is a marvel of beauty, Rumyana, slender, tall,” the ideal of behavior, because she is hard-working, strict, courageous; ideal spiritual beauty, motherhood, fidelity, devotion to her husband and disobedience to the hardships of fate.