Having forever linked his fate with poetry, Pushkin with early years thought about the purpose of the poet and the role of his work in life. Even at the age of fifteen, Pushkin was sure that a true poet is not the one “who knows how to weave rhymes,” but the one whose poems “nourish a sound mind and teach us together.”
In the divine gift of mastery of the word A.S. always scooped internal energy, gained vitality.
The poet's connection with the world is stronger and more durable than that of ordinary people.
In that deep dive Life often includes the tragedy of being chosen - loneliness, because the poet himself, due to his unique abilities, may not be heard (for example, the article "Echo").
And you send the answer:
You don’t have any feedback... That’s it
And you, poet!
The theme of loneliness as the price for talent and inspiration is revealed in Pushkin’s poem “The Poet”, in which he defines the path of the chosen one of fate:
You are the king: live alone. On the road to freedom
Go where your free mind takes you,
Improving the fruits of your favorite thoughts,
Without demanding rewards for a noble deed.
Pushkin has always been an implacable enemy of low interests and the pursuit of momentary glory. “Leaving the noisy light, and muses, and windy fashion,” the true poet defends his right to inner freedom, which can be achieved by listening to the voice of conscience, truth, goodness:
You will hear the judgment of a fool and the laughter of a cold crowd,
But you remain firm, calm and gloomy.
A feeling of inner liberation, self-esteem, proud self-affirmation great poet reflected in the final lines of the poem “I erected a monument to myself not made by hands...”:
By the command of God, O muse, be obedient,
Without fear of insult, without demanding a crown,
Praise and slander were accepted indifferently
And don't challenge a fool.
Pushkin saw his civic duty as a poet in conveying words of truth to people, boldly and courageously exposing evil, fighting injustice, lies, and infringement of human rights. In the poems “The Poet”, “The Poet and the Crowd”, “To the Poet”, “I erected a monument to myself not made by hands...”, “Conversation between a bookseller and a poet” and many others, the poet appears before us as a man alone in a hostile environment, driven and persecuted, but always remaining independent, firm and unshakable in his rightness.
In difficult times spiritual crisis prompted by the news of the tragic fate of his friends after the massacre of the Decembrists, Pushkin writes the poem “The Prophet,” in which he gives biblical symbolism and motifs a pronounced political content. The external rebirth that occurs with the poet suspects enormous internal work, the reincarnation of the singer into a prophet, an incorruptible judge, a bold exposer of social evil. The sufferer’s own torment gives him the opportunity to know more than others, and therefore bear the burden of responsibility for what is happening in the world.
Pushkin argues that in order to become a real poet, you need a high goal and idea, in the name of which the poet creates, which revive and give meaning to what he sees and hears so sensitively and deeply:
Arise, prophet, and see and hear,
Be fulfilled by my will,
And, bypassing the seas and lands,
Burn the hearts of people with the verb.
The theme of the purpose of the poet and his poetry dominates Pushkin’s work. The motif of the high purpose of poetry, its special role in society can be heard in the poems “Prophet” (1826), “Poet” (1827), “To the Poet”, “Poet and the Crowd”, “Autumn” (1833), “I have erected a monument to myself not made by hands ..." (1836), "The Wanderer" (1835) as a lyrical meditation on the theme of the immortality of the poet in the world of death and decay, the relationship of the spiritual mission of Christ, who unites in himself a prophet, a clergyman and a king. In these poems, Pushkin expressed his views on the problem of the poet and poetry in society. These thoughts were most clearly reflected in the poem "The Wanderer".
In its design it is adjacent to such poems as “To the Poet” and “Echo”, in its figurative system and in allegorical form it is close to “The Prophet”, and in general is closely connected with Pushkin’s late lyrics, in which he asserted the ideal freedom of the artist and his right to independent creativity, and emphasized the special place of the creator in society. The problem of a genius misunderstood by his contemporaries was often developed by the poet and found artistic embodiment in "The Wanderer".
"The Wanderer" is based on the plot of the book English writer John Bunyan (1628 - 1688) "The Pilgrim's Progress." Pushkin deviated far from the original, retaining only the allegorical form of the narrative. His wanderer is a “spiritual worker,” in other words, a creator, a thinker. The theme of the poem is reflections on the fate of the creator. His fate is not easy, it is difficult for him to choose" Right way"in the world around him. Who will help the wanderer in choosing the path? Only he himself is able to make his choice. And he makes it. This is the idea of the poem.
Without a doubt, resorting to allegorical form and allegorical images, Pushkin reflected on his own fate and on the fate of the poet in general in Russia.
The significance of the topic raised required a high style, so the poet turns to archaic, solemn vocabulary: grief, bent, heavy, revered, behold, and so on. At the same time, the wanderer is flesh and blood of those people among whom he is destined to live. Therefore, the words of high style are clearly contrasted with colloquial words and colloquial expressions: exposed, with head down, wringing hands, screams, horror, if, with a wave of my hand, I collapse, from here, thorn, go, vilify, turn back by force.
Thus, in “The Wanderer” the poet continues to reflect on the fate of a genius, persecuted and misunderstood by his contemporaries (poems “Poet”, “To the Poet”, “Echo”). These reflections, despite the allegorical form chosen by Pushkin, are closely related to reality and testify to the creative maturity of the poet and the realistic orientation of his poetry.
The poet's place in modern world defined by Pushkin in the poem “Conversation of a Bookseller with a Poet” (1824).
The poet as the supreme judge of his works is an important motive in the theme of the purpose of the poet and his poetry. Pushkin talks about the freedom of poetic creativity, about the complex relationship between the poet and the authorities, with the people, with the mob. These thoughts are reflected in the poems “The Desert Sower of Freedom...” (1823), “The Poet and the Crowd” (1828), “To the Poet” (1830), “Echo” (1831).
Every major poet at one time or another creative destiny torments himself with questions about the significance of poetry and his own poetic creativity. In the poems of A.S. Pushkin “Poet”, “Prophet”, “Echo”, “I erected a monument to myself...”, “Poet and the Crowd” and others, the motives of the chosen poet, the victim poet, the servant, the prophet, the messiah are heard, who should not be guided by people’s perception of his poems, “wait for an answer” or awards and praise. In the lyrics of M.Yu. Lermontov, the poet-prophet was ridiculed; the “Stones” thrown at him for his revelations became for him a tragedy of uselessness, powerlessness and loneliness.
In the 50s, Nekrasov often addressed this topic. In these poems, the poet continues his favorite lexical series: muse, lyre, people, crowd, poet, citizen, love, hate...
In the poem of 1855 “A Celebration of Life – Years of Youth...” the lyrical hero calls “the darling of fate, the friend of laziness,” obviously a poet of “pure art.” Nekrasov’s lines were a painful reaction to the position of the theorists of “pure art”, who counted Pushkin among their camp, and any painful reaction is also an extreme. The poet consciously and honestly characterizes his verse with epithets such as “Severe, clumsy.” He writes on the topic of the day, he is driven only by his own pain, decorating life is not part of his task. Nekrasov is proud of his fate, but at the same time envies the “free poetry”, the beauty and lightness of the style of “The Minion of Freedom”. And yet, Nekrasov’s lyrical hero defends his rightness in this poetic confrontation:
There is no creative art in you...
But living blood boils in you.
The last lines of the poem contain a motif of powerlessness and defenselessness. He again brings together the concepts of love and hate:
...A vengeful feeling triumphs,
Burning out, love is warming...
Love, according to Nekrasov, performs two seemingly mutually exclusive functions: “glorifies the good” and “brands the villain and the fool.”
The two types of poets are even more sharply separated and at the same time a poetic choice is made in the poem “Blessed is the gentle poet...”, written three years earlier, after the death of N.V. Gogol. Nekrasov always calls someone who is prosperous, satisfied with himself, and not offended by fate, blessed. “The gentle one” does not harm anyone, does not touch anyone, he is harmless, he has no enemies.
Nekrasov’s “crowd” is far from the same thing as “people”. These concepts are divorced in his poetry. In “Elegy” he writes in one line: “...To remind the crowd that the people are in poverty...”. The crowd is soulless and immersed in mass bliss. They don’t touch her, and in return she carries the poet in her arms. She does not need someone to become a prophet or “burn the hearts of people with a verb.” A real poet must become “an exposer of the crowd, its passions and delusions,” for if not he, then who will stir up, excite, shake up the crowd? The poet sees pleasure in the belief that at least after death he will be “understood” and there will be a result, and then his today’s sacrifice will be justified by his own well-being.
"Poet and Citizen"
The theme of the poet and poetry is most fully and controversially resolved in the large poem of 1855, “The Poet and the Citizen,” written in traditional form dialogue.
Both the Poet and the Citizen in Nekrasov are tragic figures. This poem is a dialogue with oneself, a painful split personality, an attempt to resolve painful doubts. Nekrasov develops Lermontov's theme of the misunderstood, ridiculed prophet. The poet “humbly folded his hands” only after he did not see understanding and support and realized the meaninglessness of the sacrifices. He considers the “silent citizen” blessed, since his citizenship is of no use if he is silent and does not write. The citizen, in turn, calls the “voiceless citizen” not blessed, but pitiful, and blessed for him, on the contrary, is the “chattering poet.”
The poet understands the value of the Citizen’s position, moreover, the Citizen is alive in his soul: “... that fatal, vain flame / To this day burns his chest.” The poet suffers from his cowardice, because, being content with little, he lost inspiration, “The Muse... turned away” from him:
Sullen and full of bitterness
I'm standing at the door of the coffin...
This poem is a kind of encouragement, support for oneself and others like them, a reproach to those who do not give their poetic gift to the service of truth, but also no less a reproach to the crowd, which, “having heard the sounds, considered them complete slander,” threw stones at the poet who was trying to tell the truth . The poet gave up his destiny not simply and not immediately, but only after he saw that it was pointless to fight, sacrificing himself for the sake of those who themselves do not want and do not value anything.
The poem ends with an ellipsis after the words not of the Citizen, but of the Poet. These words contain doubts and bitterness from the impossibility of realizing the meaning of life and creativity. The choice is too small: either to be a citizen, but not a poet (a voiceless citizen), or, being a true poet-citizen, to die in a meaningless struggle.
Russian classic literature gave the world magnificent examples of poetic creativity. The poems of Pushkin, Lermontov, Nekrasov became true masterpieces. One of the main themes for these great masters of words was the problem of the purpose and place of poetry in life, the purpose of the poet, his role in society.
A. S. Pushkin, with all his creativity, asserted the unity of poetry and real life For him, the poet was a person endowed with a divine gift. The muse should not turn away from people, considering it unworthy to pay attention to simple stories. For Pushkin, a poet is a prophet capable of influencing society with his creativity. The poem “The Prophet” is dedicated to this topic, in which the voice of the author is heard calling on the poet:
“Rise up, prophet, and see and listen,
Be fulfilled by my will,
And, bypassing the seas and lands,
Burn the hearts of people with the verb.”
A poet can see and feel what others cannot. But he is obliged to dedicate his gift to people, and not languish with “spiritual thirst” or go into the transcendental heights of dreams and dreams. This is the deep conviction of Pushkin himself, who in the poem “Monument” addresses the muse with instructions;
By the command of God, O muse, be obedient,
Without fear of insult, without demanding a crown,
Praise and slander were accepted indifferently
And don't argue with a fool.
A. S. Pushkin until his death remained devoted to his convictions, faith in the high purpose of poetry, the power and abilities of a poet-citizen, poet-prophet.
These views were fully shared by Pushkin’s successor M. Yu. Lermontov. The same motives sound in his work, but time has left its mark on the poet’s poems. During the years of reaction, the poet's fate was very difficult. In the poem “The Poet,” Lermontov compares the poet to a dagger, which used to be a formidable weapon that served its master faithfully. And now the dagger has become a toy, no one needs it. So the poet lost his purpose and exchanged his mighty voice for gold. Previously, the poet’s words raised the spirit of people, sounded “like a bell on a veche tower in the days of celebrations and troubles of the people.” It is painful for Lermontov to observe how petty and deceptive poetic creativity has become. He asks bitterly, hoping for a better future:
Will you wake up again, mocked prophet?..
Or never to the voice of vengeance
You can’t snatch your blade from a golden scabbard,
Covered with the rust of contempt?..
Lermontov himself experienced the full severity of the position of the poet-pro-rock in his contemporary society. In the poem “The Prophet,” the hero faces a completely different fate than the hero of Pushkin’s poem of the same name. People did not need the “God’s gift” of the prophet; he had to live in the forest, hide from people:
I began to proclaim love
And the truth is pure teachings:
All my neighbors are in me
They threw stones wildly.
This is exactly what their “neighbors” did with Pushkin and Lermontov, whose lives were cut short in the prime of their creative powers. Pushkin died, Lermontov fell in a duel, but in Russia there was a man who continued the work of great artists.
N. A. Nekrasov dedicated all his work to the Russian people. The poet's lyrics served as a model of citizenship for his contemporaries. A poet must first of all be a citizen, said Nekrasov, and serve the people:
It’s a shame to sleep with your talent;
It’s even more shameful in a time of grief
The beauty of the valleys, skies and sea
And sing of sweet affection...
Nekrasov calls on poetry to be an expression of people's interests. The poet is obliged to write about the people and for the people:
Be a citizen! serving art,
Live for the good of your neighbor,
Subordinating your genius to feeling
All-embracing love...
The same theme is heard in the poem “Elegy”. Nekrasov argues that poetry cannot forget about suffering and aspirations common people, because this is precisely its high purpose. The most worthy for the lyre:
Remind the crowd that the people are in poverty
While she rejoices and sings.
Arouse people's attention powerful of the world…
Nekrasov's poetry, like the lyrics of Pushkin and Lermontov, had a huge influence on the minds and hearts of people. These great Russian poets raised poetic creativity to unattainable heights, earning fame and recognition from their descendants. And Nekrasov’s words can be safely attributed to each of the brilliant poets of Russia:
I dedicated the lyre to my people...
Composition
Russian classical literature has given the world magnificent examples of poetic creativity. The poems of Pushkin, Lermontov, Nekrasov became true masterpieces. One of the main themes for these great masters of words was the problem of the purpose and place of poetry in life, the purpose of the poet, his role in society.
A. S. Pushkin, with all his creativity, asserted the unity of poetry and real life. For him, the poet was a person endowed with a divine gift. The muse should not turn away from people, considering it unworthy to pay attention to simple plots. For Pushkin, a poet is a prophet capable of influencing society with his creativity. The poem “The Prophet” is dedicated to this topic, in which the voice of the author is heard calling on the poet:
“Rise up, prophet and leader, and listen,
Be fulfilled by my will,
And, bypassing the seas and lands,
Burn the hearts of people with the verb.”
A poet can see and feel what others cannot. But he is obliged to dedicate his gift to people, and not languish with “spiritual thirst” or go into the transcendental heights of dreams and dreams. This is the deep conviction of Pushkin himself, who in the poem “Monument” addresses the muse with instructions:
By the command of God, O muse, be obedient,
Without fear of insult, without demanding a crown,
Praise and slander were accepted indifferently
And don't challenge a fool.
A. S. Pushkin until his death remained devoted to his convictions, faith in the high purpose of poetry, the power and abilities of a poet-citizen, poet-prophet.
These views were fully shared by Pushkin’s successor M. Yu. Lermontov. The same motives sound in his work, but time has left its mark on the poet’s poems. During the years of reaction, the poet's fate was very difficult. In the poem “The Poet,” Lermontov compares the poet to a dagger, which used to be a formidable weapon that served its master faithfully. And now the dagger has become a toy, no one needs it. So the poet lost his purpose and exchanged his mighty voice for gold. Previously, the poet’s words raised the spirit of people, sounded “like a bell on a veche tower on days of celebration and troubles of the people.” It is painful for Lermontov to observe how petty and deceptive poetic creativity has become. He asks bitterly, hoping for a better future:
Will you wake up again, mocked prophet?..
You cannot snatch your blade from its golden scabbard,
Covered with the rust of contempt?..
Lermontov himself experienced the full severity of the position of the poet-prophet in his contemporary society. In the poem “The Prophet,” the hero faces a completely different fate than the hero of Pushkin’s poem of the same name. People did not need the “God’s gift” of the prophet; he had to live in the forest, hide from people:
I began to proclaim love
And the truth is pure teachings:
All my neighbors are in me
They threw stones wildly.
This is exactly what their “neighbors” did with Pushkin and Lermontov, whose lives were cut short in the prime of their creative powers. Pushkin died, Lermontov fell in a duel, but in Russia there was a man who continued the work of great artists.
N. A. Nekrasov dedicated all his work to the Russian people. The poet's lyrics served as a model of citizenship for his contemporaries. A poet, first of all, must be a citizen, said Nekrasov, and serve the people:
It's a shame to sleep with your talent.
It’s even more shameful in a time of grief
The beauty of the valleys, skies and sea
And sing of sweet affection...
Nekrasov calls on poetry to be an expression of people's interests. The poet is obliged to write about the people and for the people:
Be a citizen! Serving art
Live for the good of your neighbor,
Subordinating your genius to feeling
All-embracing love...
The same theme is heard in the poem “Elegy”. Nekrasov argues that poetry cannot forget about the suffering and aspirations of the common people, because this is precisely its high purpose. The most worthy for the lyre:
Remind the crowd that the people are in poverty
While she rejoices and sings.
To arouse the attention of the powers that be to the people...
Nekrasov's poetry, like the lyrics of Pushkin and Lermontov, had a huge influence on the minds and hearts of people. These great Russian poets raised poetic creativity to unattainable heights, earning fame and recognition from their descendants. And Nekrasov’s words can be safely attributed to each of the brilliant poets of Russia:
I dedicated the lyre to my people...
Pushkin and Lermontov are two geniuses of Russian literature, two great Russian poets. IN different time they created their masterpieces. The heyday of Pushkin’s creativity occurred during a period of social upsurge in Russian society. A.S. Pushkin was well acquainted with many of those who “went into the fire for the honor of the Fatherland.” Lermontov worked during the years of reaction that came after the defeat of the uprising on Senate Square. However, Lermontov's poetry is as freedom-loving as Pushkin's lyrics, and patriotic motives are strong in the poems of both poets.
A. S. Pushkina with youth I was concerned about the topic of Russia, its people, its glorious history. In his romantic poems, the poet glorifies the free Motherland:
Tremble, tyrant! The hour of fall is near!
You will see a hero in every warrior,
Their goal is either to win or to fall in the heat of battle
For Rus', for the holiness of the altar.
The young poet graduated from the Lyceum, his poetic skill grew. The theme of patriotism never ceased to be heard in Pushkin’s works. True patriotism for him was associated with the struggle for freedom. The poet calls for selfless service home country. This main idea poems “To Chaadaev”, “Village”, ode “Liberty”. The message “To Chaadaev” reflects the views that united the poet with the future Decembrists. Pushkin calls on his friend to fight for the freedom of Russia. Love for her is inseparable from the struggle for her happiness:
While we are burning with freedom,
While hearts are alive for honor,
My friend, let's dedicate it to the fatherland
Beautiful impulses from the soul!
In a friendly message, the poet poses the problem of the unity of personal and public interests. The image of the poet reflected in the poem is beautiful with the strength and spontaneity of patriotic feeling. The poem “Village” with great poignancy raises the problem of the abolition of serfdom and the liberation of the country from slavery. Pushkin is outraged by what is happening in the country that he loves so much. Impossible to admire native nature as long as the “wild lordship” oppresses the “skinny slavery.” The poet asks with pain in his heart:
I'll see, oh friends! The people are not oppressed
And slavery, which fell due to the king’s mania,
And over the fatherland of enlightened freedom
Will the beautiful dawn finally rise?
But Pushkin believes that “she will rise, a star of captivating happiness.” And after the defeat of the Decembrist uprising, he remained faithful to the ideals of the progressive people of the era. In the poems “In the depths of the Siberian ores...”, “Arion”, Pushkin glorifies the great feat of the Decembrists, accomplished for the benefit of the country. In the 30s, patriotism in Pushkin’s lyrics was especially pronounced during the days of the Polish uprising. The poet appears neither as a defender of the monarchy nor as an enemy of the Polish people, but as a Russian patriot thinking about the fate of Russia:
But you, tormentors of the chambers,
Easy-tongue twists,
You, the rabble of the disastrous alarm,
Slanderers, enemies of Russia!
In the poem “Monument,” which is a kind of summing up of his poetic activity, Pushkin says that he always remained a humanist, a freedom-lover and a patriot. Until his death, the poet was true to his ideals.
Pushkin's death “awakened” Lermontov. The previously unknown poet became familiar to every Russian person. Hatred of serfdom, thirst for freedom, protest against autocracy made him similar to advanced people era. An authentic example civil lyrics Lermontov’s poem “The Death of a Poet” appeared, in which the Russian poet’s response to the great loss was heard. The poet was keenly concerned with the topic social behavior person. Poet-citizen, Lermontov loved his homeland high love. He wished happiness to his country, the Russian people, contrasting his patriotism with official patriotism:
I love the Fatherland, but with a strange love!
My reason will not defeat her.
Nor glory bought with blood,
Nor the peace full of proud trust...
The poet admires Russian nature and folk holidays. Lermontov hates the “country of slaves”, the “country of masters”. He refers to the glorious period in the life of Russia, which defeated Napoleon. The poet speaks about the strength of Russian character, about the courage of the common people who defended their Motherland:
We'll go and break the wall,
Let's stand with our heads
For your homeland!
Lermontov glorifies the feat of arms, the heroism of the people in war:
The enemy experienced a lot that day,
What does Russian fighting mean?
Our hand-to-hand combat!..
Here he is, true patriotism! This is exactly how Lermontov understood the feeling of love for Russia, and this was reflected in the poet’s works.
It is difficult to overestimate the importance of the poetry of Pushkin and Lermontov. A. S. Pushkin laid the foundation of Russian poetry, M. Yu. Lermontov “took up the banner” from the hands of the murdered Pushkin. Both citizen poets sang of a Russia free from “slavery and chains.” And with this they deserved historical immortality, love and gratitude of their descendants.
The topic of the purpose of poetry and the role of the poet in this world worried many Russian classics. What is a poet? Maybe this is a herald from heaven, or maybe this is a prophet? Is it possible that poetry has no meaning and is created only for the pleasure of the ear? More than one generation of poets has been trying to answer this question.
This theme occupies a significant place in the lyrics of A. S. Pushkin. Pushkin is the creator of the lyrical concept of creativity. In the poem “The Poet” he talks about the essence of a person who has the gift of creating. The poet here appears as a being who has been marked by God, but at the same time as an ordinary person. The author does not liken the poet to God: a poet is a person like all of us, who in moments of inspiration becomes a link between earth and heaven, and in his Everyday life He may even be “the most insignificant of all” among the “insignificant children of the world.” When inspiration comes to the poet, his soul is transformed, he can no longer equate himself with others, he is not like everyone else. At this moment the creator is immersed in himself, in his thoughts. A poet cannot create when he is among ordinary people:
The service of the muses does not tolerate fuss;
The beautiful must be majestic...
"October 19"
It is for this reason that with the arrival of the muse the poet seeks to hide “on the shores of desert waves", in the "wide noisy oak trees", run away from the bustle of the world and enjoy a moment of true inspiration. The poet's soul is different from the soul ordinary person this moment captured in poetry.
In his poems, Pushkin reflected the feelings that he experienced with every comment addressed to his lyrics. At the same time, the author himself was not against criticism; he was outraged by the fact that too many people considered it their duty to point out to him that he was not writing what was needed. In stanza 32 of chapter 4 of “Eugene Onegin,” Pushkin ironically hints at the words of his lyceum friend, later a Decembrist, Kuchelbecker:
But be quiet! Do you hear? Strict critic
Elegies wreath wretched
And our brother rhymers
Shouts: “Stop crying,
And everyone croaks the same thing,
Regret about the past, about the past:
Enough, sing about something else!”
…
“Write odes, gentlemen...
He treated the words of his Decembrist friend with irony, but the “secular mob” began to eat him with reproaches for the meaninglessness of his poetry. For Pushkin, the world of poetry is his inner spiritual world, a world that not everyone is able to understand: with a word, he can only lift the veil of secrecy for people, convey to the reader what worries him. No one can reproach a poet for his work; no one can talk about the price of his poetry. Creative freedom is the highest value of Pushkin the poet. The sounds of the poet’s voice can be both gentle and bewitching, and biting and rough, as in the poem “The Poet and the Crowd”:
Be silent, senseless people,
Day laborer, slave of needs, worries!
I can’t bear your impudent murmur...
The poem “The Prophet” connects the mission of the poet with the destiny of the prophet. They are called to service by one higher power, they are both “mentors” of humanity, and only they have the ability to see the world as no one else will see it. But such a comparison does not mean at all that the prophet and the poet merge into one whole: the poet, unlike the prophet, chooses for himself how to speak and what to speak about; he can convey exactly what he feels, and not what he was ordered feel the heavens.
Firmness, determination, exactingness, contempt “for the judgment of a fool” - these are the qualities that Pushkin considers obligatory for a poet. The poet hears the whole world and must be deaf only to the opinion of the “uninitiated.” He immortalized all these values in the monument to his poetry - the poem “I erected a monument to myself not made by hands...”, which became a kind of result of all his work.
