Pseudonyms of authors of Russian literature. Research work "Mysteries of pseudonyms of Russian writers and poets"

SIX-YEAR-OLD RESPONSER

Mm. years! Let a happy and proud parent turn to you, gentlemen, publishers of the esteemed Iskra magazine!

In our time, when the most incredible miracles of civilization are happening with such speed, so to speak, with our own eyes, when progress is developing so rapidly, these miracles, this development should have reflected on all modern personalities and especially on the impressionable personalities of children! All children, I am sure, are imbued with progress, but not everyone is given the opportunity to realize their feelings! With involuntary pride, although with humility, I declare publicly: I have a son who has been given this high ability; he is a poet... but as a true child of modernity, he is not a lyric poet, a satirist poet, an accusatory poet.

He is just over six years old. He was born on November 27, 1853. He grew up in a remarkably strange way. Until he was two years old, he was breastfed and seemed weak and even an ordinary child; he suffered greatly from scrofula; but from the age of three a change took place in him: he began to think and sigh; a bitter smile appeared on his lips and never left them; he stopped crying - but irony snakes across his features, even when he sleeps. In his fourth year he was disappointed; but he soon realized the backwardness of this moment of self-awareness and rose above it: cold, bilious calm, occasionally interrupted by outbreaks of energetic sarcasm, was the usual state of his spirit. I have to agree that it’s hard to live with him... But life isn’t any easier for him either. He learned to read - and greedily rushed to books; not many of our domestic authors have earned his approval. According to his concepts, Shchedrin is one-sided and weak in satire; Nekrasov is too soft, Mr. Elagin is not quite frank and has not mastered the secret of, as he put it, “icy-burning mockery”; he is quite pleased with Mr. Bov’s articles alone in Sovremennik; they constitute, together with Mr. Rosenheim's praises, the subject of his constant study. “-Bov and Rosenheim,” he exclaimed one day at the table, after first throwing a spoon of porridge at my forehead (I am telling you these details because I think that over time they will have a great value in the eyes of literary historians), “-Bov and Rosenheim are at enmity with each other, and yet they are flowers growing on the same branch!

I frankly admit that I do not always understand him, and my wife, his mother, simply trembles before him; but, gentlemen, the feeling of reverent admiration for one’s own product is a high feeling!

I am telling you, for testing, a few poems of my son: I ask you to notice in them the gradual maturation of thought and talent. The 1st and 2nd Nos. were written by him two years ago; they also echo the naivety of first childhood impressions, especially No. 1, in which the method of immediately explaining an accusatory thought through commentary is reminiscent of the manner of thirteenth-century painters; The 3rd No. was produced in the era of melancholy disappointment, which I have already mentioned in my letter; The 4th and final No came out of my son's chest recently. Read and judge! I remain with complete respect and the same devotion, mm. gg.,

Your most humble servant,

Platon Nedobobov, retired teacher of Russian literature.

My son's name is Jeremiah... a significant fact! An amazing, although, of course, unconscious foreknowledge of his future calling!

Cat and mouse

A mouse sits on the floor
Cat on the window...

A comment:

(I brought out the people in a mouse,
Stanovoi in a cat.)

Cat - jump! The mouse is in the hole,
But he lost his tail...

A comment:

(This means that the official
Profit from a bribe.)

Daddy took the cane and the cat
Flogged without mercy...

A comment:

(Give praise to superiors
We are always happy!)

Angry cat bit
Daddy near the thigh...

A comment:

(Predatory Stanovoy recently
Earned the buckle...)

But the poet castigates him
In a word of rejection...
Nanny! put it down for this
Jam in my mouth!

Absolute irony

Filled with strict pride,
I look sternly at Rus'...
The barman brings two melons -
Good, I mutter, you goose!

The liquor darkens in the bottle...
I think: oh, a sign of stupidity!
The man itched the back of his head -
What a fool you are, I whisper!

The priest strokes the filly's belly -
And he, I sighed, is a man!
The teacher gave me a slap -
I didn't say anything here.

Sigh
(Elegy)

Oh, why from baby's diapers
The sorrow of bribes has crept into my soul!
The sad fact of bribes and bribes
Sensitive child poisoned
Like a sheepfold with the smell of a goat!

Talk

You are boring today, my son.
Isn't the nurse's milk tasty?

2 year old son

Give me a dime.

Here's a patch.
No more.

Let's; stingy is disgusting.
Copper?!?

No, you know, silver.
But why do you need?..

Not for good.

I want to bribe the lackey,
So that he can papa without being timid...

Understand; give me a penny;
I will do everything exactly, my friend.
(Leaves)

Son (one)

Bribe! Mother!! Father!!! Oh century! Oh morals!!!
Robespierre and you, Marat, you are right!

Jeremiah Nedobobov

Notes

Published according to the text of the first publication: "Iskra", 1859, No. 50, pp. 513-515 (censorship permission December 21, 1859).

It is included in the collected works for the first time.

Autograph unknown.

The fact that the feuilleton-parody directed against N.A. Dobrolyubov was written by Turgenev is proven in a detailed article by G.F. Perminov “Turgenev about N.A. Dobrolyubov. The unknown feuilleton-parody of Turgenev in Iskra” (T Sat., vol. III , pp. 106-118). The basis for such an attribution is, first of all, the memoirs of P. I. Pashino, published during Turgenev’s lifetime: “Messrs. Turgenev and Saltykov also tried their pen in Iskra” (St. Petersburg, Ved, 1881, No. 319, December 20/ January 1, 1882); in another place: “There are also poems by Jeremiah Nedobobov, belonging to<...>I. S. Turgenev" - and further: "hiding under the pseudonym of Nedobobov", Turgenev wanted to "hurt Dobrolyubov" ("Minute", 1882, No. 121, May 13). None of these instructions raised any objections from Turgenev or his friends. In the book “Satirical Journalism of the 1860s” (M., 1964, pp. 113-114), I. G. Yampolsky considers the feuilleton “The Six-Year-Old Accuser” as written by Turgenev.

The feuilleton could have been written by Turgenev in St. Petersburg between November 27 (the date of the “birth” of Jeremiah Nedobobov indicated in the feuilleton) and December 21, 1859 (the date of censorship permission from Iskra). A few months earlier, Herzen’s article “Very dangerous!!!” was published in Kolokol (1859, sheet 44, June 1, pp. 363-364), directed against the discrediting of accusatory literature in Sovremennik and in "Whistle" - mainly in the speeches of N. A. Dobrolyubov. This article became known to Turgenev at the very moment of its appearance (he was in London and communicated with Herzen from June 1 to June 8, 1859); its direction is the same as that of Turgenev’s feuilleton. It is also possible to outline points of contact between the parodic image of the “six-year-old accuser” and the interpretation of Hamlet in Turgenev’s speech.

The entire argument of Perminov in the above-mentioned article, presented here briefly, in its most significant moments, allows us to consider Turgenev’s authorship of the feuilleton-parody in Iskra as proven.

Did you know that behind the big names of famous personalities there can be hidden lesser-known, not always easy to remember and beautiful names and surnames. Some people have to take a pseudonym solely for security reasons, others believe that they can achieve fame only with a short or original pseudonym, and some change their last name or first name just like that, in the hope that this will change their life. Here is a small list of pseudonyms and real names of famous writers.

Boris Akunin - Grigory Shalvovich Chkhartishvili (b. 1956). Russian writer, literary critic, translator. All 90s of the XX century. writing popular books of the “low genre”, that is, detective stories and thrillers, was considered an activity unworthy of an intelligent person: the author should not be smarter than his works. Moreover, as the writer himself admitted in an interview, bookstore merchandisers would never have pronounced Chkhartishvili’s name anyway. But Boris Akunin speaks easily and immediately sets the school-graduated reader in the mood for the classics of the 19th century. "Aku-nin" in Japanese means "bad person", "scoundrel". According to another version, this pseudonym was chosen in honor of the famous Russian anarchist Bakunin.
In 2012, Boris Akunin confirmed in his LiveJournal blog that he was the author, hiding under the pseudonym Anatoly Brusnikin. Three historical novels were published under this name: “The Ninth Savior”, “Hero of Another Time” and “Bellona”. In addition, he revealed that he is also the author of novels under the female pseudonym Anna Borisova: “There ...”, “Creative” and “Vremenagoda

Eduard Bagritsky - Eduard Grigorievich Dzyubin (1895−1934).

Russian poet, translator and playwright. Author of works: “The Birdcatcher”, “Till Eulenspiegel”, “The Thought of Opanas”, “Smugglers”, “The Death of a Pioneer” and others. Since 1915, he wrote under the pseudonym “Eduard Bagritsky” and the female mask “Nina Voskresenskaya” and began publishing his poems in Odessa literary almanacs. He was published in Odessa newspapers and humor magazines under the pseudonyms “Someone Vasya”, “Nina Voskresenskaya”, “Rabkor Gortsev”. The author apparently took the pseudonym Bagritsky in honor of his partisan past in Budyonny’s 1st Cavalry Army. He himself characterized his pseudonym as follows: “It sounds like wartime. There is something in it from my poems.”

Demyan Bedny - Pridvorov Efim Alekseevich (1883−19,450).

Russian and Soviet poet. He wrote a large number of fables, songs, ditties and poems of other genres. A major bibliophile, well versed in the history of books, collected one of the largest private libraries in the USSR (over 30 thousand volumes). The history of the origin of his pseudonym is as follows: one day the poet brought to the printing house a poem “About Demyan Poor, a harmful man” and his next arrival was greeted by the printing house workers with exclamations: “Demyan Poor is coming!” This nickname stuck with Pridvorov and later became his pseudonym. By the way, the poet’s uncle, a really poor peasant from the Kherson region, was called Demyan.

By the way, Demyan Bedny became one of the prototypes of Ivan Bezdomny in Mikhail Bulgakov’s novel “The Master and Margarita”.

Andrei Bely - Boris Nikolaevich Bugaev (1880−1934).

Russian writer, poet, prose writer, critic, memoirist. One of the leading figures of symbolism.

The pseudonym “Andrei Bely”, by B.N. Bugaev’s own admission, was invented for him by the father of his friend Mikhail Solovyov, who was the son of the famous historian, author of the multi-volume “History of Russia from Ancient Times” Sergei Solovyov. White is a sacred, comforting color, representing a harmonious combination of all colors - the favorite color of Vladimir Solovyov.

Kir (Kirill) Bulychev - Igor Mozheiko (1934−2003). Science fiction writer, Doctor of Historical Sciences, employee of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

The author of more than 200 works, including: a cycle about the girl Alice, a cycle about the great city of Guslyar, the adventures of Doctor Pavlysh and many others. Winner of the Aelita Science Fiction Prize, Knight of the Order of the Knights of Fantasy.

He published his fantastic works exclusively under a pseudonym, which was composed of the name of his wife (Kira) and the maiden name of the writer’s mother. The writer kept his real name a secret until 1982, because he believed that the leadership of the Institute of Oriental Studies would not consider science fiction a serious activity, and was afraid that after revealing his pseudonym he would be fired. Sometimes he used other pseudonyms: Mints Lev Khristoforovich, Lozhkin Nikolai, Maung Sein Ji.

Agatha Christie
Mary Westmacott (Westmacott) is the pseudonym of the English writer, master of detective stories, Agatha Christie, under which she published 6 psychological novels: “The Bread of Giants”, “An Unfinished Portrait”, “Separated in the Spring” (“Lost in the Spring”), “The Rose and the Yew” , “Daughter is Daughter”, “Burden” (“Burden of Love”).

Volodin Alexander Moiseevich - Lifshits Alexander Moiseevich (1919 - 2001).

Playwright, prose writer, film screenwriter. Based on his scripts, plays were staged and films were made: “Five Evenings”, “Elder Sister”, “Assignment”, “Do not part with your loved ones”, “Dulcinea of ​​Toboso”, “Two Arrows” and many others.

The pseudonym was formed from the name of Volodya’s son.

Arkady Gaidar - Golikov Arkady Petrovich (1904−1941). Soviet children's writer, one of the founders of modern children's literature, author of the stories “Timur and his team”, “Chuk and Gek”, “The Fate of the Drummer”, etc. An active participant in the Civil War. During the Great Patriotic War, Gaidar was in the active army, as a correspondent for Komsomolskaya Pravda, was a machine gunner in a partisan detachment, and died in battle.

There are two versions of the origin of the pseudonym Gaidar. The first, which has become widespread, is “gaidar” - in Mongolian “a horseman galloping in front”. According to another version, Arkady Golikov could take the name Gaidar as his own: in Bashkiria and Khakassia, where he visited, the names Gaidar (Geidar, Haydar, etc.) are found very often. This version was supported by the writer himself.

Galperin
Nora Gal - Galperina Eleonora Yakovlevna (1912−1991). Russian translator. She translated over 1000 works from English and French - “The Little Prince” and “Planet of Men” by Saint-Exupéry, “The Stranger” by A. Camus, stories by R. Bradbury, J. London, S. Maugham, Edgar Allan Poe, etc.

Galperina herself explained the origin of the pseudonym as follows: “There are a lot of Galperins, the surname is so common that at the institute and graduate school I turned out to be the namesake of my supervisor, and began to publish in that magazine. This would have been very unpleasant for her, but, fortunately, even earlier and in another As a matter of fact, I was already published under the school “nickname” - an abbreviation, as was common in the 20s, and so it went: Gal.”

Rasul Gamzatov - Tsadasa Rasul Gamzatovich (1923−2003).

Avar poet, people's poet of Dagestan.

I chose the pseudonym after my father, also a poet, Gamzat Tsadasa. At first, Rasul signed poems with his father’s pseudonym - Tsadas. But one day a mountaineer, who did not know that Rasul wrote poetry, said to him: “Listen, what happened to your respected father? Previously, having read his poems just once, I immediately memorized them by heart, but now I can’t even understand! " And then Rasul decided to make his father’s name his surname and began to sign Rasul Gamzatov.

Maxim Gorky - Alexey Maksimovich Peshkov (1868−1936). Russian and Soviet writer. Author of the well-known works “Song of the Petrel”, “Mother”, “The Life of Klim Samgin”, etc.

He associated himself and his work with the bitterness of life and the bitterness of truth - hence the pseudonym. At the very beginning of his literary career, he also wrote feuilletons in the Samara Gazeta under the pseudonym Yehudiel Khlamida. M. Gorky himself emphasized that the correct pronunciation of his last name is Peshkov, although almost everyone pronounces it as Peshkov.

Alexander Green - Alexander Stepanovich Grinevsky (1880−1932).

Russian writer, prose writer, representative of the movement of romantic realism, author of the novels “Scarlet Sails”, “Running on the Waves”, “Golden Chain”, etc.

The writer's pseudonym became his childhood nickname Green - this is how the school shortened the long surname Grinevsky.

Daniel Defoe - Daniel Faux (1660−1731).

English writer and publicist, best known as the author of “The Life and Wonderful Adventures of Robinson Crusoe...”. De Foe is the surname of Daniel's ancestors. After several generations, the prefix De was lost, the family surname was transformed into the English manner, and the former Defoe began to be called simply Fo. In 1695, the aspiring writer returned it to its place. The reason was that Daniel decides to hide under a different name, because he had to hide from the authorities for participating in the uprising. And then from Daniel Foe he becomes Daniel Defoe. Although this surname is not completely alien, it is still not the same as what belongs to his parents.

Musa Jalil - Musa Mustafovich Zalilov (1906−1944).

Tatar Soviet poet. The most famous work is the Maobit Notebook.

For his participation in an underground organization, Musa was executed in a military prison in Berlin. He was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

Jalil translated from the Tatar language means: “great”, “respected”, “famous”.

Elena Ilyina - Liya Yakovlevna Preis (1901−1964).

Soviet writer, sister of S. Ya. Marshak. She wrote a lot for children, the author of poems, poetic tales, stories, and essays. Author of the story “The Fourth Height.”

She took the pseudonym out of solidarity with her brother, who for some time wrote under the pseudonym M. Ilyin.

Ilya Arnoldovich Ilf - Ilya Fainzilberg (1897−1937).

The pseudonym is formed from part of the first name and the first letter of the last name: ILYA Fainzilberg.

Veniamin Kaverin - Veniamin Zilber (1902−1989).

The writer said about his pseudonym that “he took the surname Kaverin... meaning Pushkin’s friend, the dashing hussar. I was impressed by his courage and boldness.”

Kozma (Petrovich) Prutkov (1803−1863) is a literary mask under which they appeared in the magazines Sovremennik, Iskra and others in the 50s and 60s. XIX century Poets Alexey Tolstoy, brothers Alexey, Vladimir and Alexander Zhemchuzhnikov, as well as Pyotr Ershov.

Carlo Collodi - Carlo Lorenzini (1826−1890).

Lorenzini participated in the national liberation movement, so he needed a pseudonym. He began signing his works “Carlo Collodi” - after the name of the town where his mother was born.

Janusz Korczak - Ersch Henryk Goldschmit (1878−1942).

An outstanding Polish teacher, writer, doctor and public figure. In the fascist Treblinka concentration camp, he refused the freedom offered at the last minute and chose to stay with his children, accepting death with them in the gas chamber.

G. Goldschmit borrowed his pseudonym from the hero of the novel by Y. Kraszewski “The Story of Janasz Korczak and the Daughter of the Sword Bearer.” At the printing house, the typesetter accidentally changed Janash to Janusz; the writer liked this name and stayed with him for the rest of his life.

Lewis Carroll - Charles Lutwidge Dodgson (1832−1898).

The pseudonym is formed on the principle of “translation” of the real name into Latin and reverse “translation” from Latin into English. Lewis Carroll signed all his mathematical and logical works under his real name, and all his literary works under a pseudonym.

Lazar Iosifovich Lagin - Ginzburg Lazar Iosifovich (1903−1979).

Jack London - John Griffith Cheney (1876−1916).

Max Frei is the literary pseudonym of two authors - writer Svetlana Martynchik (b. 1965) and artist Igor Stepin (b. 1967).

The series “Labyrinths of Echo” and “Chronicles of Echo” includes about 40 stories, which tell in the first person the adventures of an ordinary, at first glance, young man who dramatically changes his life by agreeing to the proposal of his new acquaintance from dreams - to move to another world and enter its service.
Thus, Max Fry is both a pseudonym and the main character

Samuil Yakovlevich Marshak (1887−1964).

Russian Soviet poet, playwright, translator, literary critic.
The surname "Marshak" is an abbreviation meaning "Our teacher Rabbi Aharon Shmuel Kaydanover" and belongs to the descendants of this famous rabbi.

In his work, S. Ya. Marshak used the following pseudonyms: Doctor Fricken, Weller, S. Kuchumov, S. Yakovlev. The last pseudonym is a patronym formed after the poet’s father. Marshak used the pseudonym “Weller” in his youth. Weller is the surname of the cheerful servant Mr. Pickwick, a character in Charles Dickens's novel The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club.

O. Henry - William Sidney Porter (1862−1910).

American short story writer. While serving his prison sentence, Porter worked in the infirmary and wrote stories, looking for a pseudonym. In the end, he chose the version of O. Henry (often incorrectly spelled like the Irish surname - O'Henry). Its origin is not entirely clear. The writer himself claimed in an interview that the name Henry was taken from the society news column in the newspaper, and the initial O. was chosen as the simplest letter. He told one of the newspapers that O. stands for Oliver (the French name Olivier), and indeed, he published several stories there under the name Oliver Henry. According to other sources, this is the name of the famous French pharmacist Etienne Océan Henri, whose medical reference book was popular at that time.

Leonid Panteleev - Alexey Ivanovich Eremeev (1908−1987).

Russian writer, author of the works “Republic of SHKID”, “Lyonka Panteleev”.
While in an orphanage, Alexey was distinguished by such a tough disposition that he received the nickname Lyonka Panteleev, after the famous Petrograd raider of those years. He left it as a literary pseudonym.

Evgeny Petrov - Evgeny Petrovich Kataev.

Russian writer who co-wrote with Ilf “12 Chairs” and “The Golden Calf”.
The younger brother of the writer Valentin Kataev did not want to take advantage of his literary fame, and therefore came up with a pseudonym derived from his father’s name.

Boris Polevoy - Borukh (Boris) Nikolaevich Kampov (1908−1981).

Soviet writer, whose fame was brought to him by The Tale of a Real Man.
The pseudonym Polevoy was born as a result of the proposal of one of the editors to “translate the surname Kampov from Latin” (campus - field) into Russian.

Joanna Kathleen Rowling (J.K. Rowling) - Joanna Murray Rowling (b. 1965).

English writer, author of the Harry Potter series of novels.
Before its first publication, the publisher feared that boys would be reluctant to buy a book written by a woman. Therefore, Rowling was asked to use initials instead of her full name. At the same time, the publishing house wanted the initials to consist of two letters. Rowling chose her grandmother's name, Kathleen, for her middle initial.

Other pseudonyms for JK Rowling: NewtScamander, KennilworthyWisp.

Rybakov Anatoly Naumovich - Aronov Anatoly Naumovich (1911−1998).

George Sand - Amanda Aurore Dupin (1804−1876).

Svetlov Mikhail - Sheinkman Mikhail Arkadievich (1903−1964).

Igor Severyanin - Lotarev Igor Vladimirovich (1887−1941).

Poet of the "Silver Age".
The pseudonym Northerner emphasizes the poet’s “northern” origin (he was born in the Vologda province).

According to another version, in his youth he went with his father on a trip to the Far East. This trip inspired the poet - hence the pseudonym Northerner.

Sef Roman Semenovich - Roald Semenovich Firemark (1931−2009).

Children's poet, writer, playwright, translator.
Sef is the party pseudonym of the writer’s father, Semyon Efimovich Firemark.

Tim Sobakin - Andrey Viktorovich Ivanov (b. 1958).

Russian writer, author of prose and poems for children.
Andrey Ivanov has a lot of pseudonyms. The writer explained their appearance as follows: “When I felt that my poems might be published today or tomorrow, I thought about a pseudonym. But nothing worthwhile came to my mind. And then on May 1, 1983, I accidentally saw a children’s film on TV. According to stories Gaidar. There, at the end, the boy stands in front of the squadron, so thin... And the commander solemnly: “For the courage and heroism shown, I express my gratitude to Grigory... what’s your last name?” And I immediately realized: this is mine. Especially when my mother reminded me that I was born in the year of the Dog. Moreover, I love these faithful creatures who do not betray. In Japan, a dog is a symbol of justice. Psov, and Savva Bakin, Nika Bosmith (Tim Sobakin on the contrary), AndrushkaYvanov, Sidor Tyaff, Stepan Timokhin, Sim Tobakin and others."

Mark Twain - Samuel Langhorne Clemens (1835−1910).

American writer, journalist and public figure, author of the novels The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.

Clemens claimed that the pseudonym "Mark Twain" was taken by him in his youth from river navigation terms. Then he was an assistant pilot on the Mississippi, and the cry “mark twain” (“marktwain” literally means “mark two fathoms”) meant that, according to the mark on the lotline, the minimum depth suitable for the passage of river vessels had been reached.
In addition to “Mark Twain,” Clemens signed himself once in 1896 as “Sieur Louis de Comte” (under this name he published his novel “Personal Memoirs of Joan of Arcsières of Louis de Comte, Her Page and Secretary”).

Pamela (Lyndon) Travers (P.L. Travers) - Helen Lyndon Goff (1899−1996).

English writer, mainly known as the author of the Mary Poppins series of children's books.
At first she tried herself on stage (Pamela is a stage name), playing exclusively in Shakespeare’s plays, but then her passion for literature won out, and she devoted herself entirely to writing, publishing her works under the pseudonym “P. L. Travers” (the first two initials were used to hide the woman’s name - a common practice for English-speaking writers).

Teffi - Nadezhda Aleksandrovna Lokhvitskaya (1872−1952).

Russian writer, poetess, author of satirical poems and feuilletons.
She explained the origin of her pseudonym as follows: she knew a certain stupid man named Stefan, whom the servant called Steffy. Believing that stupid people are usually happy, she took this nickname for herself as a pseudonym, shortening it “for the sake of delicacy” to “Taffy.”

Another version of the origin of the pseudonym is offered by researchers of Teffi’s creativity, according to whom the pseudonym for Nadezhda Alexandrovna, who loved hoaxes and jokes, and was also the author of literary parodies and feuilletons, became part of a literary game aimed at creating an appropriate image of the author. There is also a version that Teffi took her pseudonym because her sister, the poetess Mirra Lokhvitskaya, who was called the “Russian Sappho,” was published under her real name.

Erin Hunter is the common pseudonym of four British writers, authors of the Warrior Cats, Wanderers and Survivors book series.

Cherith Baldry (1947), author of The Forest of Secrets, The Dangerous Path, The Battle for the Forest, The Message, Midnight, Moonrise, Starlight, Twilight, Sunset, "Les Miserables", "Long Shadows" and "Sunrise" from the "Warrior Cats" series, as well as books from the "Wanderers" series.

Victoria Holmes (b. 1975), editor and author of the book “Tribal Heroes” (Warrior Cats series).

Daniil Kharms - Daniil Ivanovich Yuvachev (1905−1942).

Russian writer and poet.
In the writer's manuscripts there are about 40 different pseudonyms: Kharms, Haarms, Dandan, Charms, Karl Ivanovich Shusterling and others.

The pseudonym “Kharms” (a combination of the French “charme” - charm, charm and the English “harm” - harm) most accurately reflected the essence of the writer’s attitude to life and creativity.

Joanna Khmelevskaya - Irena Barbara Joanna Becker (b. 1932)

Famous Polish writer, author of female ironic detective stories (more than 60: “Wedge with wedge”, “What the dead man said”, “Everything is red or crime in Allerod”, “Forest”, “Harpies”, “Wells of the ancestors” and many others.) and many others. the founder of this genre for Russian readers.
Pseudonym - great-grandmother's surname.

Sasha Cherny - Glikberg Alexander Mikhailovich (1880−1932).

Poet.
The family had five children, two of whom were named Sasha. The blonde was called "White", the brunette - "Black". Hence the pseudonym.

Korney Chukovsky - Korneychukov Nikolai Vasilievich (1882−1969).

Russian writer, poet, translator, literary critic.
The poet's pseudonym is formed from the division of the surname: Korneychukov Korney Chukovsky

• Afanasy Fet - Afanasy Shenshin
• Igor Severyanin - Igor Lotarev
• Arkady Gaidar - Arkady Golikov
• Maxim Gorky - Maxim Peshkov

pseudonyms of 19th century writers

• Jack London - John Griffith Cheney
• Kozma Prutkov - Brothers Alexey, Vladimir and Alexander Zhemchuzhnikov and Alexey Tolstoy
• Alexander Green - Alexander Grinevsky
• George Sand - Aurora Dupin
• Mark Twain - Samuel Clemens
• Lewis Carroll - Charles Lutwidge Dodgson
• Andrey Bely - Boris Bugaev

pseudonyms of 20th century writers

• Korney Chukovsky- Nikolay Korneychuk
• Kir Bulychev - Igor Mozheiko
• Grigory Gorin - Grigory Ofshtein
• Eduard Limonov - Eduard Savenko
• Arkady Arkanov - Arkady Steinbok
• Boris Akunin - Grigory Chkhartishvili
• Anna Akhmatova - Anna Gorenko
• Eduard Bagritsky- Eduard Dzyubin
• Alexander Green - Alexander Grinevich
• Victor Suvorov - Vladimir Rezun
• Veniamin Kaverin- Veniamin Zilber
• Daniil Kharms - Daniil Yuvachev
• Alexandra Marinina- Marina Alekseeva

I wondered why they changed their first or last name?

Previously, they decorated their name, then they “hid” their nationality more or made it more memorable (remember Chkhartishvili, for example, Akunin is much easier).

Marinina, say, being a police officer, did not want to “shine” under her name.

Journalists feel safer - they write what they want or come up with.

They still cannot understand why the pseudonym of Lenin or Stalin appeared...

Trotsky Lev Davidovich, the second person of Soviet Russia during the time of Lenin, was called Leiba Davidovich Bronstein from childhood. He took the surname Trotsky after serving time in an Odessa prison in 1898. It is clear that after his imprisonment he changed his name, without Russifying much. Also several versions.

Sergey Kostrikov became Kirov - it is assumed that he really liked the Persian ruler Cyrus.

Charles Aznavour - Aznavuryan Shahnur Vaginak (Varenag)

Irina Allegrova - Klimchuk? Inessa? Alexandrovna

Russian pop singer. When she arrived in Moscow and entered the circus school, she borrowed her name from her neighbor in the hostel, and instead of her surname she took the first word she came across from the Musical Dictionary, which was “allegro”.
According to another version, the singer’s father, operetta artist Alexander Sarkisov, took the pseudonym Alexander Allegrov, and his daughter Irina received this surname at birth.

Nadezhda Babkina Zasedateleva Nadezhda

Russian pop singer, creator and soloist of the Russian Song ensemble (1975). If the surname is difficult to pronounce, then your path to success will be difficult. As long as they see you, they love you, they finally remember your last name... So Nadezhda Babkina has much more advantages than Nadezhda Zasedateleva.

VALERIYA Perfilova (Shulgina) Alla

Russian pop singer. The pseudonym was invented for her by her ex-husband and producer A. Shulgin (possibly because the name Alla is strongly associated with Alla Pugacheva)

Marina Vladi - Polyakova-Baidarova Marina-Louise Vladimirovna

French actress and singer. Wife of V. Vysotsky, daughter of opera artist Vladimir Polyakov-Baidarov, a native of the Russian Empire. Marina took the pseudonym Vladi after the death of her father in his honor.

Lada Dance Volkova (Velichkovskaya) Lada

Russian pop singer. The pseudonym Lada Dance was “born” on tour. After the performance, Sergei Lemokh announced: “It was Lada! And everything behind her is a dance!” those. girls on the backup dancers.

Chris Kelmi Kalinkin Anatoly

And he’s not a Baltic, it’s just his pseudonym. At that time, Baltic artists were in fashion.

PENCIL Rumyantsev Mikhail Nikolaevich

The famous Soviet clown, he received the nickname Pencil not for his short stature, but came up with it himself when he saw a poster by the French artist Karan d'Asha. (Yes, he really was!)

Klara Novikova Herzer Klara Borisovna

Russian pop artist. She changed her surname Herzer to Novikova - (the surname of her first husband)... but why, if she portrays Aunt Sonya from Odessa?

True, it’s interesting - just for fun.

Writers, especially beginners, often take pseudonyms for themselves; their reasons for this can be very different. And it often happens that these pseudonyms “grow together” with the authors so much that for many they replace real names and surnames in life.

A.P. Chekhov and his pseudonyms

The greatest master of inventing pseudonyms was Chekhov. He had more than forty of them.

And the most famous, which everyone knows about from school, of course, was “Antosha Chekhonte”. It was under this pseudonym, while still a medical student, that Chekhov sent his first humorous stories to magazines. One of the gymnasium teachers jokingly called the young student Chekhov Antosha Chekhonte.

And it’s all the more surprising that out of so many pseudonyms, not one “caught on.” For everyone, Chekhov was and remains Chekhov.

Green Alexander - Grinevsky Alexander Stefanovich

At school, the guys addressed Alexander briefly - “Green!”, and one of his childhood nicknames was “Green-damn.” Therefore, he chose exactly this pseudonym for himself, without much thought. " I feel like only Green, and it seems strange to me when someone says: Grinevsky. It's someone stranger to me" Even his third wife received a passport in the name of Nina Green when she changed her last name.

Chukovsky Korney Ivanovich - Korneychukov Nikolay Vasilievich

The fact that he was illegitimate weighed heavily on Chukovsky in his youth. And having taken up literary activity, he began to use a pseudonym, which was his last name, divided into two parts: Korneychukov = Korney + Chukov + sky.

Subsequently, without further ado, he also came up with a middle name for him - “Ivanovich”. After the revolution, having changed his real name, patronymic and surname to a pseudonym, he became Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky also according to his passport.

Anna Akhmatova - according to her passport Anna Gorenko

After her divorce from Gumilyov, Anna took the name Akhmatova as a pseudonym. Her mother's female branch descended from the Tatar Khan Akhmat. She later recalled: “ Only a seventeen-year-old crazy girl could choose a Tatar surname for a Russian poetess... That’s why it occurred to me to take a pseudonym because my dad, having learned about my poems, said: “Don’t disgrace my name.” - “And I don’t need your name!” - I said…»

Ilya Ilf - Ilya Arnoldovich Fainzilberg

There are several versions regarding the origin of this pseudonym, and one of them is:
In his youth, Ilya Fainzilberg worked as a journalist, writing articles for newspapers. But his last name was not very suitable for a signature - it was too long and difficult to pronounce. Therefore, Ilya often abbreviated it - sometimes “Ilya F”, sometimes “IF”, sometimes “Falberg”. And, in the end, it turned out - “Ilf”.

Evgeny Petrov - Evgeny Petrovich Kataev

Evgeny was the younger brother of the then famous writer Valentin Kataev. Not wanting to enjoy the fruits of his fame, he came up with a literary pseudonym for himself, forming it from the name of his father, that is, from his patronymic. So Evgeny Kataev became Evgeny Petrov.

Arkady Gaidar - Golikov Arkady Petrovich

Arkady Golikov, under his real name, wrote only the first book - “In the days of defeats and victories.” All the others were published under the pseudonym Gaidar, under which he became a widely known writer.
As for the origin of this pseudonym, we can only guess.
Perhaps it came from the Mongolian "gaidar" - "horseman galloping in front."

According to another version, while on duty in Khakassia, Gaidar often had to ask local residents - “haidar”? ("where to go"?). Perhaps this is how this word stuck to him - “haidar”.

Daniil Kharms - Daniil Ivanovich Yuvachev

The writer Daniil Yuvachev also invented many pseudonyms for himself (Kharms, Haarms, Dandan, Charms, Karl Ivanovich Shusterling, etc.), signing himself first with one of them, then with another. Until I finally settled on one thing - Daniil Kharms. However, its meaning is interpreted ambiguously. "Charm" in French means "charm", while "charm" in English means "harm", "suffering". But based on what Kharms once wrote in his diary: “ Yesterday dad told me that as long as I am Kharms, I will be haunted by needs", then the English version is still preferable. The writer adored this pseudonym to such an extent that he even manually added it to his last name in his passport.

There are also many examples in Western literature where pseudonyms have replaced the real names of authors:

O. Henry - William Sydney Porter
Lewis Carroll - Charles Lutwidge Dodgson
Voltaire - Francois-Marie Arouet
Stendhal - Marie-Henri Bayle
Mark Twain - Samuel Langhorne Clemens

Pseudonyms are also widespread in Eastern literature. So, everyone has heard the name of the Japanese poet who lived in the 17th century - Basho.

But this is also a pseudonym, and it means “ banana tree O". The poet planted a banana tree near his house, which he took care of. The neighbors began to call him “basyonoo” - an old man living near a banana tree. Few people know his real name - Matsuo Munzfusa.

And in continuation of the literary theme.

I. Nicknames “with meaning”

***
Perhaps the most important pseudonym for Russia of the 20th century - Maksim Gorky. It belonged to Alexei Maksimovich Peshkov (1868-1936), a writer and playwright who came from the very bottom of society. The Soviet government loved Gorky not so much for his talent as for his background and life experience: a gifted self-taught man from Nizhny Novgorod spent his youth wandering around Russia and participated in several underground Marxist circles. In 1892, 24-year-old Peshkov published his first story “Makar Chudra” in the Tiflis newspaper “Caucasus” and signed it “M. Bitter". Subsequently, the letter "M." became the name "Maxim", probably in honor of the writer's father.

The meaning of the fictitious surname “Gorky” is clear to any reader of the young author’s first collection of stories and essays (1898): he wrote about thieves and drunkards, sailors and workers, about what he later called “the wild music of labor” and “the leaden abominations of wild Russian life.” " The success of Gorky's stories was stunning: according to the biographical dictionary "Russian Writers", in just eight years - from 1896 to 1904 - more than 1860 materials were published about the writer. And he had a long life and colossal glory ahead of him. In particular, his native Nizhny Novgorod was renamed Gorky in 1932, that is, during the author’s lifetime. And the huge city bore the name of the writer, or rather, his pseudonym until 1990.

It should be noted that Alexey Maksimovich did not use a pseudonym for long in his youth Yehudiel Chlamida. Under this name, he wrote several satirical feuilletons on local topics in Samara Gazeta in 1895.

***
The first novels of Vladimir Nabokov (1899-1977) were published under a pseudonym V. Sirin. In 1920, the future writer came with his parents to Berlin. Vladimir Dmitrievich Nabokov (1869-1922) was a major political figure, one of the founders of the Constitutional Democratic Party, and in post-revolutionary emigration he continued to be involved in politics, in particular, he published the newspaper “Rul” in Berlin. It is not surprising that Nabokov Jr. began publishing under an assumed name, otherwise the reading public would have been completely bewildered by the abundance of V. Nabokov in periodicals. Under the pseudonym Sirin, “Mashenka”, “Luzhin’s Defense”, “King, Queen, Jack”, a magazine version of “The Gift” and several other works were published. The meaning of the word “Sirin” was beyond doubt among readers: a sad, beautiful-voiced bird of paradise.

***
Boris Nikolaevich Bugaev (1880-1934) abandoned his own name and surname, entering the annals of Russian poetry, prose (and poetry) as Andrey Bely. A symbolist pseudonym for the young Bugaev was invented by Mikhail Sergeevich Solovyov, brother of the famous philosopher Vladimir Solovyov. It is believed that the name Andrei was supposed to remind of the first of the called apostles of Christ, and Bely - of the white color, in which all the colors of the spectrum are dissolved.

***
In the 1910s, Efim Pridvorov (1883-1945), a native of the Kherson province, began publishing poems under the name Demyan Bedny. The success of his works was so great that in honor of this “Bolshevik of the poetic weapon” (as Leon Trotsky spoke of him), the old city of Spassk in the Penza province was renamed Bednodemyanovsk in 1925, and under this name, which long outlived the glory of the proletarian poet, the city existed until 2005.

***
Writer Nikolai Kochkurov (1899-1938) chose a self-explanatory pseudonym with a sarcastic undertone: under the name Artem Vesely in the late 1920s and early 1930s, he published several popular books about the revolution and the Civil War in those decades (the novel “Russia, Washed in Blood”, the story “Rivers of Fire”, the play “We”).

***
A student of Maxim Gorky, Alexey Silych Novikov (1877-1944), who served in the Russo-Japanese War as a sailor, added one thematic word to his own surname and became known as a marine painter. Novikov-Priboy. He wrote the novel “Tsushima” (1932), one of the most popular military-historical novels in the USSR, and a number of short stories and novellas. It is noteworthy that Novikov-Priboi made his debut as the author of two essays about the Battle of Tsushima, published under the pseudonym A. Worn out.

II. Exotic aliases and hoaxes

One of the most famous literary hoaxes of the early 20th century was Cherubina de Gabriac. Under this name, in 1909, Elizaveta Ivanovna (Lilya) Dmitrieva (married Vasilyeva, 1887-1928) published her poems in the symbolist magazine Apollo. She was patronized by Maximilian Voloshin (whose, by the way, real name is Kireenko-Voloshin). Together they managed to create a charming and mysterious literary mask, and Apollo, led by Sergei Makovsky, published two cycles of poems by the young and noble Spanish recluse Cherubina. Soon the hoax was revealed, one of the unexpected consequences of this exposure was a duel between Nikolai Gumilyov, who had previously courted Vasilyeva, and Maximilian Voloshin on the Black River (of all places in St. Petersburg!). Fortunately for Russian poetry, this fight ended bloodlessly. It is interesting that Vyacheslav Ivanov, in the “Tower” where Dmitrieva herself visited, according to Voloshin’s memoirs, said: “I really appreciate Cherubina’s poems. They are talented. But if this is a hoax, then it’s brilliant.”

***
In the mid-1910s, Moscow publications regularly published poems, feuilletons and parodies of caustic Don Aminado. This exotic name was chosen for himself by Aminad Petrovich Shpolyansky (1888-1957), lawyer and writer, memoirist. His parodies of famous poets of the beginning of the century, including Balmont and Akhmatova, enjoyed great success. After the revolution, Shpolyansky emigrated. His aphorisms, popular among readers of emigrant Russian-language periodicals, were included in the collection “Neskuchny Sad” as a single cycle entitled “New Kozma Prutkov”.

***
The pseudonym of Alexander Stepanovich Grinevsky (1880-1932) should go into the exotic category: the author of the timeless romantic stories “Scarlet Sails” and “Running on the Waves”, the creator of the sonorous fictional cities of Zurbagan and Liss signed his books with a short foreign surname Green.

***
The name of Nadezhda Aleksandrovna Buchinskaya, née Lokhvitskaya (1872-1952) says little to the modern reader, but her pseudonym is Teffi— is known much better. Teffi is one of the most caustic authors in Russian literature, the author of the inimitable “Demonic Woman” and a long-term employee of “Satyricon”, the main humorous magazine of pre-revolutionary Russia. In the story “Pseudonym,” Teffi explained the origin of this name from “one fool,” because “fools are always happy.” In addition, by choosing a strange, meaningless, but sonorous and memorable word, the writer bypassed the traditional situation when female writers hide behind male pseudonyms.

***
Daniil Ivanovich Yuvachev (1905-1942) used dozens of pseudonyms, but the most famous of them is Kharms. The questionnaire that the poet filled out in 1925 has been preserved. He gave his last name as Yuvachev-Kharms, and when asked if he had a pseudonym, he replied: “No, I’m writing Kharms.” Researchers have linked this short, memorable word to English harm(“harm”), French charme(“charm”), Sanskrit dharma(“religious duty, cosmic law and order”) and even Sherlock Holmes.

***
You just have to get into the exotic nicknames section Grivadiy Gorpozhaks. Unfortunately, this author penned only one work - a parody of a spy novel called “Gene Green - Untouchable” (1972). Three authors were hiding behind the impossible Grivadiy: poet and screenwriter Grigory Pozhenyan (1922-2005), military intelligence officer and writer Ovid Gorchakov (1924-2000) and none other than Vasily Aksenov himself (1932-2009). Perhaps, after Kozma Prutkov, this is the most striking collective literary pseudonym.

III. Translated surnames, or anagrams

Almost certainly the most popular author of the 20th century who wrote in Russian is Korney Chukovsky: in Russia it is difficult to grow up without Aibolit and Telefon, Mukha-Tsokotukha and Moidodyr. The author of these immortal children's fairy tales was named Nikolai Vasilyevich Korneychukov (1882-1969) at birth. In his youth, he created a fictitious first and last name from his surname, and a few years later he added the patronymic Ivanovich to them. The children of this remarkable poet, translator, critic and memoirist received the middle names Korneevichi and the surname Chukovsky: such a “deep” use of a pseudonym is not often encountered.

***
Making up pseudonyms by rearranging the letters of your own name is an old literary game. For example, the famous fabulist Ivan Andreevich Krylov (1769-1844) several times used the wild but cute signature Navi Volyrk. In the 20th century, Mark Aleksandrovich Landau (1886-1957), better known as Mark Aldanov, author of the tetralogy “The Thinker” about the French Revolution, a trilogy about the Russian Revolution (“The Key”, “The Flight”, “The Cave”) and several other large and small works.

***
Alias ​​value Gaidar, taken by Arkady Petrovich Golikov (1904-1941), a classic of Soviet children's literature, still raises questions. According to Timur Arkadyevich, the writer’s son, the answer is this: ““G” is the first letter of the Golikov surname; “ay” - the first and last letters of the name; “d” - in French “from”; “ar” are the first letters of the name of the hometown. G-AY-D-AR: Golikov Arkady from Arzamas.”

IV. Pseudonyms for journalism

Publishing under a pseudonym as a literary critic is a long-standing magazine tradition, even by modest (chronologically, not qualitatively) Russian standards. And the sun of Russian poetry did not disdain to sign with a fictitious name (Feofilakt Kosichkin). So by the beginning of the 20th century, pseudonyms for publicists had just become optional. For example, Nikolai Stepanovich Gumilev (1886-1921), publishing in his own magazine “Sirius”, used the pseudonym Anatoly Grant. And Yuri Karlovich Olesha (1899-1960), collaborating in the famous satirical department of the Gudok newspaper, signed as Chisel.

***
The journalistic pseudonym had to be catchy, otherwise readers might not pay attention to it. Thus, the poetess and writer Zinaida Gippius (1869-1945) signed critical articles in the magazines “Scales” and “Russian Thought” as Anton Krainy. Among the personalities of Valery Bryusov (1873-1924) were Aurelius, And Harmody, And Pentaur. And the author of popular stories for young people at the beginning of the 20th century, book historian and memoirist Sigismund Feliksovich Librovich (1855-1918) was published in the “Bulletin of Literature”, signing Lucian the Strong.

V. Pseudonyms “according to circumstances”

Seventeen-year-old Anna Andreevna Gorenko (1889-1966) did not risk publishing her first poems under her own name and took her great-grandmother’s surname as a pseudonym - Akhmatova. Under the Tatar name she remained in literature. In her autobiographical essay “Budka,” written in 1964, she focused on the importance of this name for history: “My ancestor Khan Akhmat was killed at night in his tent by a bribed Russian killer, and with this, as Karamzin narrates, the Mongol yoke ended in Rus'.”

***
Both authors of The Twelve Chairs and The Golden Calf wrote under pseudonyms. Evgenia Petrova(1902-1942) was actually named Evgeny Petrovich Kataev, he was the younger brother of Valentin Kataev (1897-1986) and chose to become famous under a fictitious (semi-fictitious in his case) name. Ilya Ilf(1897-1937) at birth received the name Ilya Arnoldovich Fainzilberg, but shortened it almost to the initials - Il-f.

***
A separate chapter in the story about pseudonyms should be written by writers who changed their German, Polish, Jewish surnames to Russian ones. Thus, the author of “The Naked Year” and “The Tale of the Unextinguished Moon” Boris Pilnyak(1894-1938) at birth bore the surname Vogau, but changed it for the publication of his first youthful works and subsequently published only under a fictitious surname, meaning a resident of a village where wood was cut.

***
Vikenty Vikentyevich Veresaev(1867-1945), author of the timeless "Notes of a Doctor", came from the old noble family of Smidovich; a major figure in the Bolshevik movement and party leader in Soviet times, Pyotr Smidovich, is the writer’s second cousin.

***
The traveler Vasily Yanchevetsky (1874-1954), having taken up historical fiction and succeeded in this field, shortened his surname to Jan. Readers of “Lights on the Mounds,” “Genghis Khan,” and “Batu” know him by this name.

***
Author of "Two Captains" Veniamin Aleksandrovich Kaverin(1902-1989) was born into the Zilber family, but, having entered the literary field, he borrowed the name from a friend of A.S. Pushkin, the daring hussar and rake Pyotr Kaverin. It is remarkable that Zilber defended his dissertation at Leningrad University on Osip Senkovsky, the most popular writer in the mid-19th century, who became famous under the pseudonym Baron Brambeus. And Osip Ivanovich was a master of pseudonyms: he signed himself, among other things, as “Ivan Ivanov, son of Khokhotenko-Khlopotunov-Pustyakovsky, retired second lieutenant, landowner of various provinces and cavalier of integrity” and “Dr. Karl von Bitterwasser.”