There are many artists, but truly talented ones who master their craft and put their souls into their works can be counted on one hand. The more valuable their works are.
Ivan Fomich Khrutsky: short biography
The future artist was born in 1810 on January 27. His birthplace is known today as Belarus. However, in those years it was part of the Russian Empire, so it small homeland- Vitebsk province was part of Russia. Parents treated catholic church, were very pious.
The artist himself showed an interest in painting from childhood, so he began to develop abilities in this direction early. He was educated at the IAH (Imperial Academy of Arts) and there for a long time have worked. At one time he had access to paintings from the Hermitage with the right to copy them.
The main painting styles in which he worked are as follows:
- academic direction;
- classicism;
- baroque.
Both in Russia and in Poland, Khrutsky is known as an excellent painter, specializing mainly in beautiful and richly colored still lifes. In addition to them, he painted landscapes, portraits, and other paintings. However, it was his beautiful still life works that brought him wide fame in artistic circles. fruit") - Khrutsky’s most. Still life still causes a lot of discussion around the world to this day.
Painting "Flowers and Fruits"
It was written by Ivan Fomich in 1836. The description of Khrutsky’s painting “Flowers and Fruits” today finds expression not only in oral statements, but also in school essays children, descriptions in fiction articles, and so on.
Behind this picture the artist received a very good and well-deserved award - a large one from the Academic Council. This practically confirmed the general impression of silent admiration that the canvas evoked among the public.
Description of Khrutsky’s painting “Flowers and Fruits”
The painting depicts a vase of flowers in the center of the canvas. beautiful and very cute small lilac and white flowers are combined with large pink and blue buds and open flowers. The splendor of the bouquet is given by branches of feather grass and some beautiful wide long leaves of field grasses.
The overall impression of the vase with flowers is joyful and good. The picture evokes a feeling of freshness and lifts your spirits.
Even a child can describe Khrutsky’s painting “Flowers and Fruits”. It is so simple and accessible, but at the same time deep and capacious about the objects depicted. In addition to the vase with flowers, a glass of water is clearly depicted in the picture. Completely transparent pure water, in which a lemon slice floats.
A basket of colored grapes and a wicker box of juicy peaches, pumpkins and pears are also highlighted in the piece. In the background you can see a decanter of water.
Bright accents in paintings
Khrutsky's painting "Flowers and Fruits", painted in 1838, almost completely repeats the plot of the still life "Flowers and Fruits". In both pictures bright accents- a vase with flowers, juicy, as if real, fruits and self made wicker boxes for them.
If the description of "Flowers and Fruits" comes down to such bright spots as a glass of water with a slice of lemon and bright blue and pink flower buds in a vase, then "Flowers and Fruits" differs in only one thing. The fruits are somewhat different, and the flower vase is completely transparent and is located not in the center, but on the side of the picture.
But, despite such similarity in plot and content, both films deserve separate reviews, separate discussions and descriptions. After all, the differences are obvious, and the overall impression of the paintings is different.
Naturalness of fruit writing
The artist Khrutsky tried to paint the paintings as naturally as possible. And he undoubtedly succeeded. Looking at juicy peaches, large grapes and lemon glistening with juice, it’s hard not to feel their taste and not want to try it right away.
The painter’s work deserves special praise for the nativeness and naturalness of the depicted objects. Here lies the pear. Ruddy on one side, as if it had just been picked from a tree, where on one side it was covered with the shadow of leaves, and on the other it turned to the sun. Nearby you can see a second pear, but already cut in half. It is juicy, shiny with sweet moisture. Even the seeds are drawn so clearly and accurately that there is no doubt about their naturalness.
It was thanks to such a feature of the great artist as the naturalness of painting still lifes that he managed to become famous and become very famous. There are few such people, because in XVIII-XIX centuries Few painted still lifes, especially those of such quality and beauty in execution and content.
The description of Khrutsky’s painting “Flowers and Fruits” can be reduced to the moment of constructing a composition for working on the painting. It is obvious that the artist thought out all the smallest details of the location of each object, the rotation of each fruit and fruit, the position of all objects on the surface of the table.
Popularity of a work of art
It is not so difficult to judge how popular the still lifes of Ivan Fomich Khrutsky are. Indeed, today his works “Flowers and Fruits” and “Flowers and Fruits” are topics for schoolchildren’s essays. The canvases are in Tretyakov Gallery and enjoy the constant attention and love of the public.
In 1838, Khrutsky was awarded a gold medal in the field of painting for his excellent work “Flowers and Fruits.” Until now, his still lifes are copied and used to decorate premises, restaurant and creative halls. Anyone (and there are many) can purchase a small copy wonderful works artist. But, naturally, natural paintings delight the eye only on the walls of the famous gallery.
Khrutsky Ivan Trofimovich - famous Belarusian artist-painter.
Called by many art experts a master of still lifes.
Among his many works Special attention The canvas “Flowers and Fruits” attracts attention with its range of colors and saturation.
The picture itself is very complex.
It contains many large and small elements that intertwine with each other.
In the very center of the picture we see a beautiful vase with a huge bouquet of flowers.
Among them there are red and white peonies, bluish toffees, delicate daisies and many more large and small flowers.
The green clay vase is decorated with a relief pattern.
It fits very harmoniously into the entire composition of the picture.
Next to the vase, on the table, there are various fruits.
By right side from it there is a box of peaches, and deeper into the bush there are grapes.
In front of the box lies one peach, broken in half.
On the other side of the vase are pears, several grapes, a cut lemon and a large watermelon.
Hidden behind the watermelon is an elegant decanter of water.
Near the vase itself there is a glass half filled with water.
One peony flower bent over the glass, as if it were thirsty.
The color scheme of the painting is incredibly diverse.
Starting from dark and dull colors in the background and moving to bright and colorful ones in front.
All the fruits and flowers are executed with such vitality and love that you would think that the author of the masses grew them, picked them and put them together for his work.
All shadows and small details are drawn very accurately.
The largest part of the light falls on the bouquet and it seems that an incredible fragrance emanates from it.
With his still life painting “Flowers and Fruits,” Khrutsky shows us how to love and relate to nature.
For our efforts, we will always be rewarded with the graces that are depicted in the picture.
I. F. Khrutsky, a Pole by nationality, a Belarusian by place of birth, was finally formed as an artist in line with the Russian academic school. His talent was modest, but very characteristic of a master of the salon-academic direction, working for the market and focusing on the tastes of the general public. Khrutsky entered the history of Russian art with his still lifes - spectacular compositions where objects are painted with illusionistic precision. These works of his, completed in the 1830s. - the period of formation and spread of still life in Russia, had big success among the public and gave rise to a wave of imitations. ABOUT early years Not much is known about Fragile’s life. He was the son of a Uniate priest and in the 1830s attended classes at the Imperial Academy of Arts as a permanent, free student. The eldest son of a Uniate priest, in principle, was supposed to continue his father’s work. It is for this purpose that at the age of 10 he is sent from his native Usaya to Polotsk to the Lyceum of PR - a monastic order that educates youth. The education there was brilliant, because lyceum students studied mathematics, physics, metaphysics, Latin, rhetoric, and versification. True, Russian was considered a foreign language for Polish-speaking students, along with French and German. But at the age of 17, Ivan decided to go to St. Petersburg to study as an artist. Why St. Petersburg, since Vilna already had a university with an arts department? But a young man who speaks Russian poorly goes to the capital, which, as you know, waits for no one. Whether anyone supported him, whether he had a patron or philanthropist, nothing is known about this. But, apparently, he had a hard time. Average art education he received it at the Polotsk Lyceum. In 1827, Khrutsky came to St. Petersburg and in 1830 entered the Academy of Arts. Here, directly or indirectly, he learns the lessons of such masters as A. G. Varnek, M. N. Vorobyov, K. P. Bryullov, F. A. Bruni. The artist’s first dated sketches date back to 1832 - “Still Life with a Vase” and "Still life with a bird." They are adjacent to a group of other similar works ("Fruits and a Bird", 1833; "Fruits", 1834; "Grapes and Fruits", "Still Life with Apples, Grapes and Lemon", both b.g.), characterized by rather simple compositions .This denotes the main direction of Khrutsky’s creativity of this period - working on a still life, referred to in official documents as “painting of flowers and fruits.” From early simple productions consisting of only a few objects, Khrutsky surprisingly quickly came to quite large-sized still life paintings with a complex composition combining many different vegetables, fruits and flowers (“Flowers and Fruits”, 1836, 1839; “Still Life with candle", "Flowers and Fruits", "Fruits, Fruits, Killed Game", all from the 1830s, etc.). These works aroused the admiration of spectators and professional critics. The success of the works was due to the fact that the artist repeated some of them with minor changes, adding “new” objects: a candlestick with a burning candle or a smoldering cigar, matches in a paper wrapper, a piece of an expense account with small change lying on it. This introduced an atmosphere of human presence into the composition. The Academic Council noted Khrutsky’s still lifes: in 1836 he was awarded a large silver medal. In the same 1836 he was awarded the title free artist"in consideration of good knowledge in landscape painting." A student of M. N. Vorobyov, Khrutsky does not leave landscape painting throughout his subsequent work (“View on Elagin Island in St. Petersburg”, 1839; “View on the Estate”, 1847, etc.).
"Flowers and Fruits" 1838.
"Still life with a candle"
Luxury and naturalness of still lifes Ivan Fomich Khrutsky were so attractive that the number of artists who began to work in this type of painting in mid-19th century has increased many times over. A seventeen-year-old young man who came from Polotsk to St. Petersburg fulfilled his desire to become a painter by studying with the English master J. Doe, who painted portraits of the heroes of the War of 1812, and by visiting the Academy of Arts as an outside student. Since 1830, I. Khrutsky studies at the Academy and begins to paint his famous flowers, fruits, vegetables and mushrooms. It was for their quality writing that three years after graduation (1836) the artist was awarded the title of academician (1839). In the early 1840s, I.F. Khrutsky leaves St. Petersburg and settles in family estate Zakharenichi near Polotsk. The themes of his works change. He paints a lot and willingly portraits (including religious leaders of the western provinces of Russia), family portraits, interiors of his estate, landscapes, iconostases for Uniate churches in Vilnius, Kaunas, Polotsk. His works meet the requirements of official academic art. And this means that they are verified in drawing, composition, color tone, although this leads to a certain static nature in many paintings. However, I.F. has Khrutsky's individual creations (Portrait of Mikolay Malinovsky, 1855; Self-Portrait, 1884), which have all the hallmarks of high art.
"Dead Game"
"Flowers and Fruits"
"Fruits"
"Fruits"
"Fruits and Melon"
"Fruits" (fragment).1839.
"Still life with mushrooms"
"Meat and Vegetables" 1842
"Still life with a bird"
"Still life with a vase"
Imperial Academy of Arts Mr. Academician Ivan Khrutsky. The Imperial Academy of Arts, in its solemn Assembly on September 24 of this year (1839), recognized you as an Academician in attention to your excellent works in portraiture, landscape and especially in the painting of fruits and vegetables. Congratulating you on this election Members of the Academy, I have no doubt that with your future works you will not fail to justify the attention of the Academy to you and that you will receive a Diploma for the title of Academician upon completion. President. Olenin.
(NPIKMZ funds, Polotsk)
"Portrait of a Boy"
“Portrait of an unknown woman in a white dress with a book” (mid-19th century) By the way, the unknown woman is very similar to Ulenka, Ulyana Klodt, his wife famous sculptor, but this is just my personal opinion. Did they intersect in life? Time-wise it's possible...
“View of Elagin Island in St. Petersburg” (1839)
"Family portrait"
"Old Woman Knitting Stockings"
Portrait of a young woman with a basket. 1835.
Portrait of an unknown woman with a basket in her hands. 1830s
"In the room"
Ivan Khrutsky is the most famous Belarusian artist. Everyone knows his paintings. Of course, Belarusians hold a fragment of one of the still lifes in their hands many times every day. After all, it is located on the thousandth bill.
Silver coin of Belarus with a face value of 20 rubles, dedicated to the 200th anniversary of the birth of I. F. Khrutsky (2010)
Polish researchers managed to question the artist’s grandson shortly before his death. But the 84-year-old told them more family legends than facts. For example, that Khrutsky in St. Petersburg began to take lessons from George Dow, a brilliant English painter who was invited to Winter Palace to paint 327 portraits of heroes of the War of 1812. Why on earth should he give lessons to a boy from Polotsk? Most likely, Khrutsky simply brought paints to the Englishman. And he enters the Academy of Arts as an “outsider” student. But the young man seemed to have strong character and immense ambitions. After all, in order to survive, you had to earn money, and in order to earn money, you had to have connections and recognition. However, nothing has changed over the past almost 200 years. Ivan Khrutsky found connections among fellow countrymen who settled in St. Petersburg. Academician of the Academy of Arts, nobleman of the Minsk province, freemason and good-natured man Ezef Oleshkevich arranged for him to visit the Hermitage, which was not yet a museum. You can get into the royal palace only by recommendation. “It is there that he makes copies of Dutch still lifes, and adapts them to academic taste and romantic tendencies,” says Nadezhda Usova. Soon, still lifes from the brush of the artist Ivan Khrutsky decorate salons and living rooms metropolitan public. And despite the fact that the still life genre was already in decline, Khrutsky brought back the fashion for them and became its trendsetter. He has to do 6-7 repetitions of each still life, so popular are they. This is how his first money and first recognition come to him. For the still life “Flowers and Fruits” he received his first award - a small silver medal from the Academy of Arts. And this at 26 years old. Two years later he already has a small gold medal. All that remained was to get a big gold medal to make the dream of any Russian artist of that time come true. The winner of gold medals could qualify for six years in Italy at public expense. The Academy of Arts drew up a program for artists, and they had to send works written according to it to their homeland. This is exactly how Alexander Ivanov came to Italy, who spent 20 years writing “The Appearance of Christ to the People” there. But these grandiose plans were not destined to come true.
Postage Stamp THE USSR. I. F. Khrutsky “Flowers and Fruits” (1839), 1979
Khrutsky's father Foman Khrutsky opposed the unification of the Uniate Church with the Orthodox. By the way, one of the initiators of such a union was Bishop Joseph Semashko, who later played a significant role in the fate of the artist. An audit immediately came to the parish of priest Khrutsky, they imposed penance on him and sent him to a monastery for bread and water, since priests were not sent to prison.Ivan Khrutsky immediately writes a letter to Metropolitan Josaphat Bulgak, his father is released. And Ivan, obviously, in gratitude for this liberation, paints portraits of the entire leadership of the Uniate Church.But as soon as the Uniate Church was banned in 1839 and priest Thomas Khrutsky found himself without a parish, he died. Ivan's mother and five younger brothers and sisters remain. He must take care of the family. Goodbye Italy!At the age of 29, Ivan achieves the title of academician of the Academy of Arts “for excellent work in portraiture, landscape painting, and especially in the painting of fruits and vegetables.” This title was given by nobility, not only personal, but also hereditary. Khrutsky became, in fact, twice a nobleman, because around the same time he was able to confirm noble title his family. Confirmation of the nobility of the gentry Russian empire demanded after the 1830 uprising.But what to do with the family? He took his younger brothers to St. Petersburg, where his sisters and mother were is unknown. Perhaps they lived with relatives. Khrutsky works a lot. Over three years, he painted 21 portraits, that is, every 2 - 3 months. Today such people are called workaholics. And he writes powerful of the world something like the mayor of St. Petersburg or the publisher of Pushkin and Lermontov, Ilya Glazunov. He really needs money.
Khrutsky estate. Zakharnichy(1910s; no longer extant)
And in 1844, at the age of 34, he bought land near Polotsk. In those days, only an Orthodox, Russian-speaking nobleman had the right to such a purchase. Khrutsky builds a house on the shore of the lake according to his own design, lays out a garden, which was then considered a luxury. The artist also establishes connections here - he paints portraits of the leaders of the nobility of the Vitebsk province, Polotsk province, Lepel district... A year later he marries his neighbor Anna-Katarina Bembnovskaya and... soon leaves. That same Bishop Semashko invites him to Vilna to decorate the bishop’s house and write portraits of the clergy. “Some of the researchers believed that Khrutsky fell into bondage,” says Nadezhda Usova. - In fact, it was a great success. He found a patron of the arts who regularly gave him orders and provided him with housing and money. Probably, these ten years that the artist lived in two houses explain why he had only two children. Years later, Semashko “releases” Khrutsky before his death. He returns to Zakharnichi and turns into a real landowner. He is actively involved in farming, although he continues to paint portraits of children and his favorite fruits, mushrooms and vegetables. But we know very little work from that period. - I have my own version of why this happened. Firstly, in the 30s the daguerreotype appeared, and everyone rushed to take pictures. There was no longer such demand for portraits. And secondly, there was a bloody uprising in 1863, which affected many landowners - some were exiled, some were shot, some emigrated. But the apolitical and loyal Khrutsky did not participate in it in any way. It seems to me that they simply stopped giving him orders. Ivan Khrutsky spent the last twenty years of his life in complete oblivion. He probably didn’t even know that Tretyakov himself bought his still life at one of the auctions in Moscow for his gallery. And getting to Tretyakov meant recognizing the undoubted artistic merit of the painting. Before his death, Khrutsky painted two self-portraits - for his son and daughter. This is the only image of the artist that has come down to us. After his death in 1885, no obituary for the death of the academician of the Academy of Arts appeared either in Polotsk, or in Vitebsk, or in St. Petersburg. Complete oblivion. The artist’s heirs lived in Zakharnichi back in the 20s of the last century. Afterwards, the estate was nationalized, the house burned down, the cemetery was demolished, and Ivan Khrutsky’s grave disappeared. The monument stands in the place indicated according to the memories of the great-granddaughter.
RIDDLES OF THE ARTIST
Unknown woman with flowers - wife or sister ?
Charming women's portraits Khrutsky has a lot. But it still remains a mystery who these women are. Many art historians are perplexed why the artist did not depict his wife on any canvas, although he painted all his relatives.- But long before his marriage, he always painted the same woman, whom we know well from the painting “Unknown Woman with Flowers and Fruits.” She appears on his canvases as a little girl, grown up, pregnant, aged. There is a legend in the family of Khrutsky descendants that this is, after all, his wife, whom he knew as an 8-year-old girl, and when he built the estate, he married her. It is believed that "Unknown" is his younger sister. And all the girls and women on his canvases in the images of “beautiful gardeners” are his sisters. After all, they look alike.
Ivan Khrutsky - famous artist from Belarus, who tried to reflect the beautiful nature in his paintings. But among his paintings, a special place is occupied by still lifes, which Ivan Timofeevich always turned out simply superbly.
It is known that translated from French this word literally means “dead nature”, which is why we see in the picture talented artist fruits that had already been collected and now they were able to form a single composition. In painting, this genre means that the picture contains those things, objects or phenomena that were touched by the warm hands of a person. That’s why it’s so clearly and clearly felt artistic canvas Ivan Timofeevich's plan, his presence.
Before starting to write his work “Flowers and Fruits,” the artist thought through his plan, so he arranged everything that he had prepared to create the intended composition carefully and correctly, knowing in advance how, what and where he would put or place it. That is why this still life stands out so much among Khrutsky’s other works, where all the variety of colors is used and all the details are beautifully drawn.
If you look closely at the composition, you will notice that it is quite complex, since the canvas is surprising in the large number of small elements that the artist was able to not only perfectly draw, but also connect and intertwine with each other. But with such abundance small parts, the canvas itself does not seem overloaded, and does not distract attention.
In the central place in his painting, Ivan Timofeevich placed a beautiful vase with a huge, but also very beautiful bouquet. In this floral bouquet he placed a wide variety of flowers: fragrant peonies, red and white. In the bouquet you can also find modest toffees with a hint of blue on their small petals. The delicate daisies that are snow-white and pure are also surprising in this bouquet.
Blue cornflowers delight and surprise with their beauty. Yellow daffodils can be compared to proud man, but only his soul will be as pure and vulnerable as the petals that Khrutsky subtly drew. And each flower reflects the soul of a person who has his own character and his own feelings. All these magnificent and wonderful flowers stand in a large clay vase, on which a relief design will be applied.
Next to a tall vase, right on the table, there are various delicious fruits. So, to the right of it there is a small box in which peaches were carefully placed, and to the left of the box there is a gorgeous bunch of grapes. The artist also used peach halves in his composition, which he placed right in front of the box with this fruit.
He wanted to show how beautiful this fruit is. But this abundance will be incomplete without describing what Ivan Timofeevich decided to reflect on the left side of the attractive vase. So, next to her lie several pears, some of which are cut and even the juice is visible. Ripe and amber grapes follow the pears.
And at the end of it all lies a huge watermelon and a cut lemon. Moreover, you can see a small but very neat wicker basket in which sea buckthorn is poured. The basket is made by hand, but it is very simple and unpretentious, so as not to take attention away from the central objects of this still life.
You can distinguish for yourself two parts in Ivan Timofeevich’s painting, which allow you to better see and understand the artist’s intention. Caring hands a person was raised by everything that is depicted on a painting. And the artist shows how beautiful human work is. And the artists manage to show this perfectly by depicting fruits and flowers in their paintings.
The author of the picture was able to very carefully and at the same time inspiredly insert a small but very elegant decanter of water into his picture. Next to the glass decanter there is a small glass, into which the purest and clear water. And one of the fragrant flowers tilted its bud, as if it wanted to taste a little of the refreshing moisture. The artist uses warm and delicate colors to convey the taste of summer and autumn, when these fruits ripen and beautiful flower buds bloom.
In the background of the painting, dark and discreet colors are used, and against the background of these dull color shades, the bright and brilliant colors of those objects that are placed in the foreground look very advantageous. For example, yellow to show the combination of a pear and a twig green grapes. Warm and delicate pink shades combine perfectly with blue on a painting.
Its unusual and amazing picture is a still life by Khrutsky, where he depicted the most beautiful flowers and delicious fruits. WITH great love he describes the nature that bestows such gifts. The painting allows you to enjoy a beautiful still life and creates a wonderful mood.
If you see in the picture
Cup of coffee on the table
Or fruit juice in a large decanter,
Or a rose in crystal,
Or a bronze vase,
Or a pear or a cake,
Or all items at once -
Know that this is a still life
(Gladkov)
Before us is a still life by I.T. Khrutsky “Flowers and Fruits”.
Still life is one of the most famous painting subjects, to which almost all artists paid tribute. The Dutch, English, and French enthusiastically painted flowers and fruits.
Lush peonies and purple irises stand in a chased vase, pleasing the eye. A little further away there was a decanter with a transparent liquid, which can barely be seen in the depths of the picture.
On the table, grapes and pumpkins lie in picturesque disorder, and there is a basket of peaches. Everything that autumn, with its bountiful harvest, has to offer is presented here. The artist perfectly balanced the composition of the drawing and even introduced a small sprig of field oats into the drawing. The oats have already dried and with their golden sprig draws attention to the left edge of the picture.
All flowers and fruits are carefully painted by the artist. You can see the transparent grapes filled with juice, the velvety skin of peaches, and how beautifully the glass of water is written, you just want to take it and drink the water, acidified with a slice of lemon. The lemon itself with a cut slice lies right there.
The picture mixes autumn, spring and summer, because the flowers and fruits depicted here grow in different time, but in the picture this does not cause the viewer’s rejection and overall it is a very beautiful work.
