Belarusian and Russian painter Ivan Fomich Khrutsky was born on January twenty-seventh, one thousand eight hundred and ten. The future artist received secondary education at the Polotsk School and came to St. Petersburg in 1827.
Three years later, Ivan Fomich begins his studies at the famous Academy of Arts. This man went down in art history with his magnificent still lifes. And one of the most famous creations- this is Khrutsky’s painting “Flowers and Fruits”.
Magnificent still life, or Strict canons of the Academy
It would seem that what could be more innocent than the depiction of the generous gifts of the earth and, moreover, with such attention and love for the smallest details, decorativeness and at the same time naturalism. Even the ubiquitous fly that landed on a pear is written in such a way that only after unsuccessful attempt brush it off the canvas, you understand that this is just a painting technique by the author of the work.
But in those days when Khrutsky’s painting “Flowers and Fruits” was created, turning to still life was all the more strange because, according to the strict hierarchy of the genre established at the Academy, the description of flowers and fruits was considered worthy only of students. Those who have just begun to master painting. Or generally for amateur girls. Since flowers are the most pleasant decoration for the ladies.
Painting by Ivan Trofimovich Khrutsky "Flowers and Fruits". Description of the artist's work
This is precisely what the academy teacher and author of the rules on drawing flowers and fruits, artist Yakov Ivanovich Basin, saw as the meaning of still life. But the strangest thing is that they brought fame to the artist Khrutsky.
Neither his portraits, where pretty women are presented in the idea of modern floras and pomonas, nor paintings telling about the quiet joys of life, but precisely these still lifes, somewhat archaic in their manner and devoid of logic in the selection of objects. How can we explain the unexpected popularity of a recently despised genre?
The Deep Meaning of Creating Great Works
Still life appears as a kind of game or curiosity. Its main value lay in creating the illusion of reality, in deceiving the viewer. Hence its name. But it is worth remembering that in the era of Peter the Great, in addition to the decoy still life, the allegory still life also came into fashion. He revealed his hidden meaning through the language of symbols.
Every object and plant, absolutely everything that was present on the canvas, corresponded to some concept. Roses and peonies spoke to the dedicated viewer about the transience of life. The grapes reminded of the atoning blood of Christ. The extinguished candle made me think about death. As for the image of a realistically painted fly, Khrutsky’s painting “Flowers and Fruits” represents it, probably, only for purely practical purposes. Apparently, it was believed that it would scare away other insects from the work.
Viewer's attitude to the works of Ivan Fomich
The eighteenth century implied mandatory knowledge of the language of allegory. Remnants of this knowledge probably reached the beginning of the nineteenth century. And Ivan Fomich’s still lifes attracted some with their decorativeness, while others were attracted by their thought about the vanity of existence, a call for moderation and concern for their immortal soul.
Likewise, Khrutsky’s painting “Flowers and Fruits,” the creation of which dates back to the early thirties, cannot leave any viewer indifferent. A luxurious still life with objects that the artist especially loved. An earthenware jug filled with a rich combination of various colors. Nearby is a simple bast tuesok. There is a huge variety of fruits on the table. Peaches and pears, pumpkin and lemon, grapes and apples. The abundance that Mother Nature herself gives.
The delight of people of different generations caused by the masterpiece
Many people, whose eyes see the painting “Flowers and Fruits” by Ivan Trofimovich Khrutsky, cannot for a long time forget the impression received from this work. Moreover, this delight is completely present among the public of different ages. Some people seriously consider this still life, trying to comprehend all its secrets, while others are simply moved by the combination of unusual colors.
The attention of schoolchildren, which is aroused by Khrutsky’s painting “Flowers and Fruits,” is especially dear. The essay of a child who comes to the museum to admire this work incredibly vividly describes this masterpiece with all its earthly gifts from unknown countries and collected even from their own garden beds. And sometimes it is precisely this opinion that is much more valuable to any author than criticism of famous cultural figures.
The significance of Ivan Fomich’s still lifes for Russia
Khrutsky's painting "Flowers and Fruits" has acquired enormous significance for art. In one thousand eight hundred and thirty-eight, the author was even awarded a gold medal for his creations. With the help of such masterpieces, the artist introduced still life into the circle of recognized genres, which opened for Russia the language of things and allegories. Ivan Trofimovich expressed the idea of the need for moral guidelines. About the refinement of the soul and care in personal world high ideals.
But in one thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, the work of the amazing artist Ivan Khrutsky came to an abrupt end. The man who left a huge creative heritage in all famous genres, being at the very zenith of glory, suddenly disappears. Dissolves into complete obscurity.
Having settled on the estate, he turns into a real landowner who is actively involved in farming and mainly draws portraits of his loved ones. And, perhaps, he did not even know that Tretyakov himself acquired his famous still life for his gallery. But this meant recognition of the indisputable artistic merit of the creation.
I. F. Khrutsky, a Pole by nationality, a Belarusian by place of birth, was finally formed as an artist in line with the Russian academic school. His talent was modest, but very characteristic of a master of the salon-academic direction, working for the market and focusing on the tastes of the general public. Khrutsky entered the history of Russian art with his still lifes - spectacular compositions where objects are painted with illusionistic precision. These works of his, completed in the 1830s. - the period of formation and spread of still life in Russia, had big success among the public and gave rise to a wave of imitations. ABOUT early years Not much is known about Fragile’s life. He was the son of a Uniate priest and in the 1830s attended classes at the Imperial Academy of Arts as a permanent, free student. The eldest son of a Uniate priest, in principle, was supposed to continue his father’s work. It is for this purpose that at the age of 10 he is sent from his native Usaya to Polotsk to the Lyceum of PR - a monastic order that educates youth. The education there was brilliant, because lyceum students studied mathematics, physics, metaphysics, Latin, rhetoric, and versification. True, Russian was considered a foreign language for Polish-speaking students, along with French and German. But at the age of 17, Ivan decided to go to St. Petersburg to study as an artist. Why St. Petersburg, since Vilna already had a university with an arts department? But a young man who speaks Russian poorly goes to the capital, which, as you know, waits for no one. Whether anyone supported him, whether he had a patron or philanthropist, nothing is known about this. But, apparently, he had a hard time. Average art education he received it at the Polotsk Lyceum. In 1827, Khrutsky came to St. Petersburg and in 1830 entered the Academy of Arts. Here, directly or indirectly, he learns the lessons of such masters as A. G. Varnek, M. N. Vorobyov, K. P. Bryullov, F. A. Bruni. The artist’s first dated sketches date back to 1832 - “Still Life with a Vase” and "Still life with a bird." They are adjacent to a group of other similar works ("Fruits and a Bird", 1833; "Fruits", 1834; "Grapes and Fruits", "Still Life with Apples, Grapes and Lemon", both b.g.), characterized by rather simple compositions .This denotes the main direction of Khrutsky’s creativity of this period - working on a still life, referred to in official documents as “painting of flowers and fruits.” From early simple productions consisting of only a few objects, Khrutsky surprisingly quickly came to quite large-sized still life paintings with a complex composition combining many different vegetables, fruits and flowers (“Flowers and Fruits”, 1836, 1839; “Still Life with candle", "Flowers and Fruits", "Fruits, Fruits, Killed Game", all from the 1830s, etc.). These works aroused the admiration of spectators and professional critics. The success of the works was due to the fact that the artist repeated some of them with minor changes, adding “new” objects: a candlestick with a burning candle or a smoldering cigar, matches in a paper wrapper, a piece of an expense account with small change lying on it. This introduced an atmosphere of human presence into the composition. The Academic Council noted Khrutsky’s still lifes: in 1836 he was awarded a large silver medal. In the same 1836 he was awarded the title free artist"in consideration of good knowledge in landscape painting." A student of M. N. Vorobyov, Khrutsky did not abandon landscape painting throughout his entire subsequent work (“View on Elagin Island in St. Petersburg,” 1839; “View on the Estate,” 1847, etc.).
"Flowers and Fruits" 1838.
"Still life with a candle"
Luxury and naturalness of still lifes Ivan Fomich Khrutsky were so attractive that the number of artists who began to work in this type of painting in mid-19th century has increased many times over. A seventeen-year-old young man who came from Polotsk to St. Petersburg fulfilled his desire to become a painter by studying with the English master J. Doe, who painted portraits of the heroes of the War of 1812, and by visiting the Academy of Arts as an outside student. Since 1830, I. Khrutsky studies at the Academy and begins to paint his famous flowers, fruits, vegetables and mushrooms. It was for their quality writing that three years after graduation (1836) the artist was awarded the title of academician (1839). In the early 1840s, I.F. Khrutsky leaves St. Petersburg and settles in family estate Zakharenichi near Polotsk. The themes of his works change. He paints a lot and willingly portraits (including religious leaders of the western provinces of Russia), family portraits, interiors of his estate, landscapes, iconostases for Uniate churches in Vilnius, Kaunas, Polotsk. His works meet the requirements of official academic art. And this means that they are verified in drawing, composition, color tone, although this leads to a certain static nature in many paintings. However, I.F. has Khrutsky's individual creations (Portrait of Mikolay Malinovsky, 1855; Self-Portrait, 1884), which have all the hallmarks of high art.
"Dead Game"
"Flowers and Fruits"
"Fruits"
"Fruits"
"Fruits and Melon"
"Fruits" (fragment).1839.
"Still life with mushrooms"
"Meat and Vegetables" 1842
"Still life with a bird"
"Still life with a vase"
Imperial Academy of Arts Mr. Academician Ivan Khrutsky. The Imperial Academy of Arts, in its solemn Assembly on September 24 of this year (1839), recognized you as an Academician in attention to your excellent works in portraiture, landscape and especially in the painting of fruits and vegetables. Congratulating you on this election Members of the Academy, I have no doubt that with your future works you will not fail to justify the attention of the Academy to you and that you will receive a Diploma for the title of Academician upon completion. President. Olenin.
(NPIKMZ funds, Polotsk)
"Portrait of a Boy"
“Portrait of an unknown woman in a white dress with a book” (mid-19th century) By the way, the unknown woman is very similar to Ulenka, Ulyana Klodt, his wife famous sculptor, but this is just my personal opinion. Did they intersect in life? Time-wise it's possible...
“View of Elagin Island in St. Petersburg” (1839)
"Family portrait"
"Old Woman Knitting Stockings"
Portrait of a young woman with a basket. 1835.
Portrait of an unknown woman with a basket in her hands. 1830s
"In the room"
Ivan Khrutsky is the most famous Belarusian artist. Everyone knows his paintings. Of course, Belarusians hold a fragment of one of the still lifes in their hands many times every day. After all, it is located on the thousandth bill.
Silver coin of Belarus with a face value of 20 rubles, dedicated to the 200th anniversary of the birth of I. F. Khrutsky (2010)
Polish researchers managed to question the artist’s grandson shortly before his death. But the 84-year-old told them more family legends than facts. For example, that Khrutsky in St. Petersburg began to take lessons from George Dow, a brilliant English painter who was invited to Winter Palace to paint 327 portraits of heroes of the War of 1812. Why on earth should he give lessons to a boy from Polotsk? Most likely, Khrutsky simply brought paints to the Englishman. And he enters the Academy of Arts as an “outsider” student. But the young man seemed to have strong character and immense ambitions. After all, in order to survive, you had to earn money, and in order to earn money, you had to have connections and recognition. However, nothing has changed over the past almost 200 years. Ivan Khrutsky found connections among fellow countrymen who settled in St. Petersburg. Academician of the Academy of Arts, nobleman of the Minsk province, freemason and good-natured man Ezef Oleshkevich arranged for him to visit the Hermitage, which was not yet a museum. You can get into the royal palace only by recommendation. “It is there that he makes copies of Dutch still lifes, and adapts them to academic taste and romantic tendencies,” says Nadezhda Usova. Soon, still lifes from the brush of the artist Ivan Khrutsky decorate salons and living rooms metropolitan public. And despite the fact that the still life genre was already in decline, Khrutsky brought back the fashion for them and became its trendsetter. He has to do 6-7 repetitions of each still life, so popular are they. This is how his first money and first recognition come to him. For the still life “Flowers and Fruits” he received his first award - a small silver medal from the Academy of Arts. And this at 26 years old. Two years later he already has a small gold medal. All that remained was to get a big gold medal to make the dream of any Russian artist of that time come true. The winner of gold medals could qualify for six years in Italy at public expense. The Academy of Arts drew up a program for artists, and they had to send works written according to it to their homeland. This is exactly how Alexander Ivanov came to Italy, who spent 20 years writing “The Appearance of Christ to the People” there. But these grandiose plans were not destined to come true.
Postage Stamp THE USSR. I. F. Khrutsky “Flowers and Fruits” (1839), 1979
Khrutsky's father Foman Khrutsky opposed the unification of the Uniate Church with the Orthodox. By the way, one of the initiators of such a union was Bishop Joseph Semashko, who later played a significant role in the fate of the artist. An audit immediately came to the parish of priest Khrutsky, they imposed penance on him and sent him to a monastery for bread and water, since priests were not sent to prison.Ivan Khrutsky immediately writes a letter to Metropolitan Josaphat Bulgak, his father is released. And Ivan, obviously, in gratitude for this liberation, paints portraits of the entire leadership of the Uniate Church.But as soon as the Uniate Church was banned in 1839 and priest Thomas Khrutsky found himself without a parish, he died. Ivan's mother and five younger brothers and sisters remain. He must take care of the family. Goodbye Italy!At the age of 29, Ivan achieves the title of academician of the Academy of Arts “for excellent work in portraiture, landscape painting, and especially in the painting of fruits and vegetables.” This title was given by nobility, not only personal, but also hereditary. Khrutsky became, in fact, twice a nobleman, because around the same time he was able to confirm noble title his family. Confirmation of the nobility of the gentry Russian empire demanded after the 1830 uprising.But what to do with the family? He took his younger brothers to St. Petersburg, where his sisters and mother were is unknown. Perhaps they lived with relatives. Khrutsky works a lot. Over three years, he painted 21 portraits, that is, every 2 - 3 months. Today such people are called workaholics. And he writes powerful of the world something like the mayor of St. Petersburg or the publisher of Pushkin and Lermontov, Ilya Glazunov. He really needs money.
Khrutsky estate. Zakharnichy(1910s; no longer extant)
And in 1844, at the age of 34, he bought land near Polotsk. In those days, only an Orthodox, Russian-speaking nobleman had the right to such a purchase. Khrutsky builds a house on the shore of the lake according to his own design, lays out a garden, which was then considered a luxury. The artist also establishes connections here - he paints portraits of the leaders of the nobility of the Vitebsk province, Polotsk province, Lepel district... A year later he marries his neighbor Anna-Katarina Bembnovskaya and... soon leaves. That same Bishop Semashko invites him to Vilna to decorate the bishop’s house and write portraits of the clergy. “Some of the researchers believed that Khrutsky fell into bondage,” says Nadezhda Usova. - In fact, it was a great success. He found a patron of the arts who regularly gave him orders and provided him with housing and money. Probably, these ten years that the artist lived in two houses explain why he had only two children. Years later, Semashko “releases” Khrutsky before his death. He returns to Zakharnichi and turns into a real landowner. He is actively involved in farming, although he continues to paint portraits of children and his favorite fruits, mushrooms and vegetables. But we know very little work from that period. - I have my own version of why this happened. Firstly, in the 30s the daguerreotype appeared, and everyone rushed to take pictures. There was no longer such demand for portraits. And secondly, there was a bloody uprising in 1863, which affected many landowners - some were exiled, some were shot, some emigrated. But the apolitical and loyal Khrutsky did not participate in it in any way. It seems to me that they simply stopped giving him orders. Ivan Khrutsky spent the last twenty years of his life in complete oblivion. He probably didn’t even know that Tretyakov himself bought his still life at one of the auctions in Moscow for his gallery. And getting to Tretyakov meant recognizing the undoubted artistic merit of the painting. Before his death, Khrutsky painted two self-portraits - for his son and daughter. This is the only image of the artist that has come down to us. After his death in 1885, no obituary for the death of the academician of the Academy of Arts appeared either in Polotsk, or in Vitebsk, or in St. Petersburg. Complete oblivion. The artist’s heirs lived in Zakharnichi back in the 20s of the last century. Afterwards, the estate was nationalized, the house burned down, the cemetery was demolished, and Ivan Khrutsky’s grave disappeared. The monument stands in the place indicated according to the memories of the great-granddaughter.
RIDDLES OF THE ARTIST
Unknown woman with flowers - wife or sister ?
Charming women's portraits Khrutsky has a lot. But it still remains a mystery who these women are. Many art historians are perplexed why the artist did not depict his wife on any canvas, although he painted all his relatives.- But long before his marriage, he always painted the same woman, whom we know well from the painting “Unknown Woman with Flowers and Fruits.” She appears on his canvases as a little girl, grown up, pregnant, aged. There is a legend in the family of Khrutsky descendants that this is, after all, his wife, whom he knew as an 8-year-old girl, and when he built the estate, he married her. It is believed that "Unknown" is his younger sister. And all the girls and women on his canvases in the images of “beautiful gardeners” are his sisters. After all, they look alike.
Cool! 48
announcement:
Before us is a picture of the famous Belarusian artist Ivan Trofimovich Khrutsky “Flowers and Fruits”. The title surprisingly accurately conveys the content of the canvas. It really shows a bright bouquet of flowers in a vase, under which there are numerous fruits. The composition conveys the atmosphere and mood of late summer and early autumn.
composition:
Ivan Trofimovich Khrutsky’s painting “Flowers and Fruits” is a still life in which the artist managed to highlight the brightest colors of late summer. It is during this period that all hardworking peasants reap the fruits of their long work; nature gifts us with a generous harvest of fruits and vegetables, as well as beautiful flowers.
In the center of the picture there is a large beautiful vase, decorated with elegant relief images. The vase contains many flowers; this summer bouquet is replete with the brightest shades. Here you can find beautiful white and red peonies, daisies, roses and blue toffees, as well as many small flowers. WITH great love the artist conveys the bright color of summer, the multi-colored play of flowers occupy a central place in the picture. Pictured bright colors in the foreground, the flowers contrast clearly with the surrounding space, where dark tones predominate. This creates a feeling of bright illumination in the place where the vase of flowers is located, while the viewer may have the illusion that the flowers themselves are illuminating the dark room with their dazzling colors.
From the flowers, our gaze smoothly moves to the fruits located on the sides of the vase. To the left of the viewer there is a small box in which peaches are stacked. One of them was cut in half and both parts were placed next to the box, closer to the vase. By right side several juicy yellow pears are visible, as well as half a lemon and a huge watermelon. Soon these beautiful fruits will decorate the table during a family lunch or dinner. People will feast on these gifts of nature, as well as grapes, the branch of which lies on top of the watermelon. On the left side, in the darkened space behind the flower vase, you can also see juicy bunches of grapes. They just look much smaller than the grapes in the foreground. But apparently this does not impair their properties at all, since small grapes are even juicier and sweeter than large ones.
In the right corner you can see a large decanter filled with water, and in the very center of the picture, under the vase, there is a small glass filled with liquid. Golden time between summer and autumn is a truly hot time, when all living things, including plants, are in great need of water. So the red peony leaned towards the glass, as if he was thirsty. If you do not water these beautiful flowers, they will quickly fade, and we will no longer be able to admire their unforgettable colors.
In his painting, Ivan Khrutsky admires the vibrant riches that nature can give us. It feels so good after hard work in the field or in the garden, admire the grace of flowers and taste the juicy fruits of ripe summer! But in order for the autumn holiday to take place, we need to work hard all summer, and only then will our work give us its fruits.
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Even more essays on the topic: “Painting by I. T. Khrutsky “Flowers and Fruits””:
In front of me is a still life outstanding artist I.T. Khrutsky "Flowers and Fruits". This painting has a rather complex composition, as it depicts many large and small elements. Despite such an abundance of details, the picture does not look overloaded.
In the very center of the canvas is a luxurious bouquet of flowers in a vase. There are lush bright pink peonies, graceful irises, and modest cornflowers. Flowers stand in a vase with a relief ornament. Next to the vase is a crystal glass clean water with a slice of lemon. This water was probably poured from the decanter located on the right behind the pumpkin. Another slice lies on the table next to the cut lemon.
The artist depicted in the picture not only a lemon, but also many other fruits. Five pears lie next to the cut lemon. Khrutsky uses warm yellow to convey the ripeness of these aromatic fruits. A small sprig of green grapes hangs on one of the pears. Just a few berries hang from the pear, and this detail defines the space of the picture. Two grapes hang just below the surface of the table and this is a real find of the artist. By this he wanted to show that the beauty, color, brightness and aroma of flowers and fruits are not limited to the space of the table, such beauty is everywhere and should be seen in simple things.
Behind the pears in the background we see a pumpkin. From time immemorial, Russian people have grown this crop, and there is a clear connection with Russian traditions. There is a large bunch of ripe grapes on the pumpkin. The berries are large, and the artist skillfully depicts their ripeness and juiciness.
To the left of the vase with flowers lies a small rectangular basket with apricots. To show the juiciness of the fruit, the artist depicted one apricot cut in half. Behind these fruits is another basket full of sea buckthorn. And on top of the berries lie several ears of wheat.
The whole picture is a peculiar mix of colors, flowers and fruits. This canvas contains mainly bright and rich colors, which set the overall tone of the whole picture. Warm yellow, delicate pink, modest blue, bright green – these shades are typical for summer. This is what produces so many fruits, vegetables, berries and flowers. And the artist very subtly conveyed all the richness of this time of year and chose a surprisingly accurate title for the painting - “Flowers and Fruits.”
Source: 5class.ru
The central place of the picture, despite the abundance of various details, is occupied by a vase depicting people walking along wildlife animals. It appears to be made of porcelain, although it may also be made of metal, since its color is dark green. The artist placed several flowers in the vase, among which peonies stand out with red buds. Three of them are lowered down, as if the days of fading of their beauty have come. Two blue irises with their petals spread to the sides also look delightful.
The remaining flowers are predominantly yellow in color, either in pairs or alone. The composition is diluted with green leaves and here and there ears of wheat or some grass sticking up.
To the right of the vase is a half-full glass tumbler. One of the peonies lowers its petals into it, as if wanting to drink the nourishing moisture. If you continue to move your eyes further, your gaze will come across a cluster of fruits. The main place among them is occupied by a large pumpkin, part of which is “hidden” behind a bouquet of flowers. The artist placed a bunch of grapes on top of it. But five berries seemed to have fallen off and now hang over the edge of the table, covering part of the ripe pears. In the lower corner of the picture there is a cut orange, behind which a red apple is “modestly” hidden. The top part of the image is occupied by a decanter of water, in places difficult to distinguish against the brown background.
On the left side of the picture are ripe peaches, neatly laid on a leaf litter in a wicker box. Next to it, the artist placed a cut fruit, as if wanting to demonstrate that it was indeed ripe and ready to eat. Behind them is a large basket filled to the brim with bunches of grapes.
The artist chose mostly saturated, truly summer colors. Only the background dark, but at the same time, it does its job main function: allows you to truly enjoy the beauty of natural fruits.
Source: opisanie-kartin.com
"Still Life" - French word, in the literal sense it means “dead nature,” but it is more fair when such a genre is spoken of as “ quiet life things,” because in each such picture the presence of a person is felt, and the objects carry the warmth of his hands. Before starting to paint a still life, the artist carefully selects everything necessary and arranges it according to his taste, i.e. builds a composition.
In the center of I. T. Khrutsky’s painting “Flowers and Fruits” is a tall vase with flowers. A basket of peaches, pumpkins, pears, and grapes balance the lush bouquet. The artist could move the vase to the left or right and leave a void in the center. But then the mood of the still life would be deprived of peace, and a feeling of anxiety would appear. Khrutsky’s painting is an image of abundance, beauty, generous gifts of nature, so everything in it is stable and harmonious.
The painter talks about each subject in detail. They are painted in such a way that the artist makes us admire the transparent fragility of the glass, the water in the glass - cold, clean and transparent, ripe fruits. The pumpkin here is large, rough and lumpy, it would be difficult to hold it in your hands. And a branch of amber grapes with seeds shining from the inside seems to be so light that if you lift it by its dry tail, you will not feel the weight.
Khrutsky not only makes you feel the weight of objects, but also perfectly conveys their texture. The lemon has a porous zest, and next to it there is a glossy apple, peaches are matte, velvety, the marble of the table is cold and smooth, the basket is rough... The still life even evokes taste sensations: lemon and currants are sour, pears and peaches are juicy and sweet.
The painting miraculously contains flowers and fruits of summer and autumn: peonies bloom in June, grapes ripen in September, pumpkins in October. Still life tells about the steady and leisurely flow of life itself.
Essay – description based on the painting by I. F. Khrutsky “Flowers and Fruits” for 3rd grade students in the “School of Russia” program, textbook “Russian Language - Part 1”.In the center of the picture is a luxurious bouquet of flowers in a vase. My attention was attracted by two large scarlet peonies hanging their heavy heads downwards. The composition of the bouquet includes two more peonies, they are not so large, but also beautiful, their soft pink color sets off the brightness of other flowers. Magnificent velvet irises stand out for their unusual shape, lilac color.
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Essay - description based on the painting by I.T. Khrutsky "Flowers and Fruits"
/ N A TURLIFE (French dead nature), genre visual arts, dedicated to the depiction of inanimate objects (utensils, fruits, dead game, bouquets of flowers, attributes of any activity).
Ivan Trofimovich Khrutsky. Still life "Flowers and fruits"
Ivan Trofimovich Khrutsky (1810 - 1885) - Russian painter. Master of still life. Born on February 8, 1810 in the Vitebsk province (Belarus) in the family of a priest. Successfully graduated from the Academy of Arts in St. Petersburg. The still life “Flowers and Fruits” was awarded the Big Silver Medal “for painting fruits and fruits from life.”
Flowers Peonies (pale pink, light yellow, burgundy, red; “shaggy” flowers, reminiscent of a hat) Rose (bright red, soft pink fringe, beautiful, but proud) Daffodils (bright yellow, fragile and vulnerable)
Hyacinth (pale lilac, like a star, quiet, simple and peaceful) Iris (pale purple, unusual) Cornflowers (bright blue, like cones, good-natured and friendly, light and airy)
The painting by I. F. Khrutsky depicts the still life “Flowers and Fruits”. In the center of the picture is a luxurious bouquet of flowers in a vase. My attention was attracted by two large scarlet peonies hanging their heavy heads downwards. The composition of the bouquet includes two more peonies, they are not so large, but also beautiful, their soft pink color sets off the brightness of other flowers. Velvet irises are magnificent, standing out for their unusual shape and lilac color. A shy beauty rose settled down below; I didn’t notice her right away, but I was fascinated by the grace of the queen of flowers. Next to her was a couple of daffodils, as yellow as two suns. They seem to radiate light and give a joyful, summery feel to the bouquet.
But the open wings of tulips, they are delicate and fragile. In a bronze and copper vase with a simple ornament and a relief design depicting dogs in the lap of nature, not only garden flowers, but also wildflowers look beautiful. They frame the bouquet, give it a unique charm, and fill it with life. Blue-blue bells look natural next to ears of wheat. Leaves of different shapes and colors are barely visible among the flowers. A unique bouquet! Next to the vase is a glass half filled with water, and in it is a golden slice of lemon. It seems to me that the fruits near this glass seem juicier. There is nothing superfluous in the picture. The artist thought through every detail. On the right side of the canvas I see a wicker basket, and in it ripe peaches are laid out on top of the leaves, they just beg to be put into your mouth. Behind the basket is a whole basket of white, red and black currants.
Ivan Khrutsky was born on January 27, 1810 in the family of the Greek Catholic priest Thomas Ivanovich Khrutsky. Belarusian.
Ivan Khrutsky received his secondary art education at the Polotsk Higher PR School. In 1827 he came to St. Petersburg. Here, until 1829, he took lessons from the English painter J. Doe and at the same time studied at the Imperial Academy of Arts as a visiting student. Copied in the Hermitage. In 1830, Khrutsky entered the Academy of Arts. There he studied with such masters as A. G. Varnek, M. N. Vorobyov, K. P. Bryullov, F. A. Bruni.
In 1839, after the death of his father, Ivan Fomich left St. Petersburg. In 1844, he acquired the Zaharnichi estate in Polotsk district (20 km from Polotsk), where he built a house and laid out a garden according to his own design. Since 1845, I. Khrutsky lived there permanently.
Ivan Fomich died on January 13, 1885; was buried in the family crypt on the Zakharnici estate.
Flowers and fruits. 1838
Ivan Fomich Khrutsky is known as an artist who worked in line with the Russian academic school. He entered the history of art with his still lifes.
Flowers and fruits. 1839
The artist’s first dated sketches, “Still Life with a Vase” and “Still Life with a Bird,” date back to 1832. The main direction of Khrutsky’s creativity during this period was work on still life, referred to in official documents as “painting of flowers and fruits.” At this time, he created a group of works similar in style - “Fruits and a Bird” (1833); "Fruit" (1834); “Grapes and Fruits”, “Still Life with Apples, Grapes and Lemon”, which were distinguished by their simplicity of composition.
Still life with mushrooms
Soon, I. F. Khrutsky moved from early productions, consisting of only a few objects, to significant still life paintings with a complex composition, combining many different vegetables, fruits and flowers: “Flowers and Fruits” (1836, 1839); “Still Life with a Candle”, “Flowers and Fruits”, “Fruits, Fruits, Killed Game” (all 1830s).
Killed game, vegetables and mushrooms. 1854
Fruits. 1840s
In 1836, for the painting “Flowers and Fruits,” I. Khrutsky was awarded a large silver medal by the Academic Council. In the same year, he was awarded the title of free artist “in recognition of his good knowledge of landscape painting.”
To the holy place. Late 1840s.
Landscape painting Ivan Khrutsky was engaged throughout his subsequent work (“View on Elagin Island in St. Petersburg”, 1839; “View on the Estate”, 1847).
Portrait of a wife with flowers and fruits. 1838
Often the landscape served as a background in the artist’s portraits and genre half-figures. Thus, in his most significant work of the 1830s, “Portrait of a Wife with Flowers and Fruit” (1838), a young woman is depicted at a table laden with baskets of fruit, a decanter of water and a bouquet in a ceramic vase. The background for the entire scene is autumn landscape, decided in crimson tones. A similar composition, which is a kind of synthesis of genre portrait, still life and landscape, appeared in Khrutsky as a tribute to romanticism.
An old woman knitting a stocking. 1838
If I. Khrutsky’s work “Portrait of a Wife” is closer to the academic movement represented by such artists as K. P. Bryullov and F. A. Bruni, then another painting “An Old Woman Knitting a Stocking” (1838) brings him closer to artists who are not those who had an academic education, for example, with A.G. Venetsianov and especially V.A. Tropipin. In 1838, for this work, as well as for the still life “Flowers and Fruits,” Ivan Khrutsky was awarded a small gold medal.
On September 24, 1839, I. F. Khrutsky “for excellent work in portraiture, landscape, and especially in the painting of fruits and vegetables” was awarded the title of academician of painting. From this time on, Khrutsky stopped painting spectacular still lifes.
The portrait depicts Vikenty Lisovsky, hieromonk, confessor of Archbishop Joseph Semashko. 1847
After moving to the Polotsk province, Khrutsky did not give up painting, but now a different orientation and other directions predominate in his works. From 1845 to 1855, the artist completed a large number of works commissioned by his patron, the Lithuanian Metropolitan Joseph Semashko. He painted icons for the Alexander Nevsky Cathedral in Kovno (1847), for the Church of St. Joseph the Betrothed in Trinopol (1849), and the cave church of the Three Martyrs in Vilna (1850-1851); for the bishop's house in Vilna - 32 portraits of clergy (including copies from lithographs and original paintings). For the city and country residences of the Metropolitan, Ivan Fomich painted views of Vilna and its environs, still lifes and interiors, copies of paintings by European masters. During this period, Khrutsky took part in the publication of the so-called “Vilna Album” by J. K. Vilchinsky - a series of lithographed city views released in Paris.
In the rooms of the estate of the artist I.F. Khrutsky "Zakharnichi". 1855
Another line of the artist’s creativity at this time is represented by the depiction of interiors - a unique genre of “in rooms”: “The Artist’s Workshop” (without a year), “Metropolitan Joseph Semashko listens to the secretary’s report in his office” (1854), “In the room” (1854) , “In the rooms of the estate of the artist I. F. Khrutsky Zakharnich” (1855).
Portrait of a boy in a straw hat
Also during this period, the artist often painted portraits, which, as a rule, were introduced into his “interiors”. In his own portraiture, Khrutsky reveals himself to be a somewhat dry and naturalistic master, a student of the Western rather than the Russian school. These are the portraits of Joseph Semashko, Potiralovskaya, unknown young man(all 1842). Portrait of Mikołaj Malinowski (1855) - perhaps the best he created in portrait genre. Here, as in “Self-Portrait” (1884), written a year before his death, Khrutsky enhances expressiveness with the successful use of contrasting lighting - a technique that the artist resorted to quite often.
Family portrait. 1854
In addition to single, personal images, Khrutsky also paints group portraits. An example of works of this kind can be “Family Portrait” (1854), with its dry thoroughness in drawing details and strict objectivity in conveying the similarities of those depicted. Family group(mother and three children) is presented against the backdrop of a park landscape. In terms of color, this is a well-harmonized work, done in restrained, muted tones.
Portrait of an unknown woman. 1830
Portrait of a boy. 1834
Portrait of an unknown woman. 1843
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