Pablo Picasso boy leading a horse. Biography of Pablo Picasso

1906

Technique: Oil on canvas

More works of the year

Comments

Alexandra, Vladivostok
January 05
in my opinion, the image of a horse is the image of a woman, a girl. if you squint, look at how the light skin of the horse contrasts with the dark skin of the boy. and the refinement and slenderness of the horse's front legs create the image of a woman's hips. the boy’s hand rests somewhere on the “pubic area” of this image. it feels like this hand is reaching out from the “stomach” of the image of a woman, born from there...

2011

Mark, St. Petersburg
March 06
excellent painting. Picasso could paint in any style. I like the more realistic style better.

Margarita, Kirov
February 22
I think I’ll make a copy of this painting.. it’s fascinating))

Natalya, Moscow
January 21
Stanislav, you gave me the idea that perhaps the idea of ​​the picture is simple sincerity, which, without any cunning and complexity, without effort and violence, can entail, interest, make a true leader. The horse feels power, but does not obey, namely, he wants to follow the boy

Stanislav,
January 11
It’s surprising that the boy seems to be holding the horse’s reins, but in reality they are not there.

2010

Anna, Novosibirk
12 December
Probably, Picasso wanted to convey the pristine purity of a person, free from everything material. The artist removes the excess from him, puts him on a par with a bareback horse, thereby debunking the idea of ​​him as the “crown of nature.”

Alexander, Almaty
December 08
Amazingly harmonious composition!

Valentina Borkovskaya, Ryazan
The 25th of January
Great picture. Both the horse and the boy are as if they were alive.

From the site http://www.pablo-ruiz-picasso.ru/

Biography

1. Childhood and years of education (1881-1900)

Pablo Picasso was born on October 25, 1881 in the city of Malaga, Anadalusian province of Spain. At baptism, Picasso received the full name Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno Maria de los Remedios Crispin Crispignano de la Santisima Trinidad Ruiz y Picasso - which, according to Spanish custom, was a series of names of revered saints and relatives of the family. Picasso is his mother’s surname, which Pablo took because his father’s surname seemed too commonplace to him, and besides, Picasso’s father, Jose Ruiz, was an artist himself.

Pablo showed early talent for drawing. From the age of 7, he learned drawing techniques from his father, who first instructed him to add the legs of pigeons in his paintings. But one day, having entrusted thirteen-year-old Pablo with finishing a rather large still life, he was so amazed by his son’s technique that, according to legend, he quit painting himself.

At the age of 13, Pablo Picasso brilliantly entered the Barcelona Academy of Fine Arts. It took Picasso a week to prepare for the exam, which usually took students a month. He impressed the commission with his skill and was accepted into the Academy despite his young age. Picasso's father, together with his uncle, decided to send Pablo to the Madrid Academy of San Fernando, which was considered at that time the most advanced School of Art in all of Spain. So, Pablo came to Madrid in 1897 at the age of 16. However, classes at the School of Arts did not last long, less than a year, and Pablo was captivated by all the other delights of Madrid life, as well as by studying the works of the artists who impressed him then - Diego Velazquez, Francisco Goya, and especially El Greco.

Portrait of the artist's mother, 1896.

Collection early works Picasso is in Barcelona, ​​in the Picasso Museum. The most famous of them: "First Communion" (1896) - big picture, depicting Picasso's sister Lola, "Self-Portrait" (1896), "Portrait of a Mother" (1896). Already as an adult and once visiting an exhibition of children's drawings, Picasso said: “At their age I painted like Raphael, but I needed whole life to learn to draw like them."

While studying in Madrid, Picasso made his first tour to Paris, the then recognized European capital of the arts. There, for several months, he visited all museums without exception, studying the paintings of the great masters: Delacroix, Toulouse-Lautrec, Van Gogh, Gauguin and many others. He was also interested in the art of the Phoenicians and Egyptians, Gothic sculpture, and Japanese engravings. Pablo was interested in absolutely everything. Then, in the first years of his life in Paris, he met the collector and art dealer Ambroise Vollard, the poets Max Jacob and Guillaume Apollinaire and many others. He visited Paris again in 1901 and 1902 and finally moved there by 1904.
2. "Blue" period (1901-1904)

Life 1903

The “blue” period includes works created between 1901 and 1904. Gray-blue and blue-green deep cold colors, the colors of sadness and despondency, are constantly present in them. Picasso called blue “the color of all colors.” Frequent subjects of these paintings are emaciated mothers with children, tramps, beggars, and the blind. The most famous works of this period: “Life” (1903), “Blind Man’s Breakfast” (1903), “Mean Meal” (1904), “The Absinthe Drinker” (1901), “Date” (1902), “Mother and Child” ( 1903), “A Beggar Old Man with a Boy” (1903, “The Ironer” (1904), “Two” (1904).

3. "Pink" period (1904 - 1906)

A harlequin sitting on a red bench, 1905.
paper, ink, watercolor

The "rose period" is characterized by more cheerful tones - ocher and pink, as well as sustainable themes images - harlequins, traveling actors, acrobats ("A Family of Comedians" (1905), "The Acrobat and the Young Harlequin" (1905), "The Jester" (1905). Fascinated by the comedians who became the models for his paintings, he often visited the Medrano Circus; during this time harlequin - Picasso's favorite character. In 1904, Picasso met the model Fernande Olivier, who inspired him to create many significant works of this period. They lived in the center of the bohemian. Parisian life and mecca Parisian artists Bateau-Lavoir. This strange dilapidated building with dark staircases and winding corridors was the home of a very motley group: artists, poets, merchants, janitors... Here, in absolute poverty on the verge of poverty and indescribable creative disorder, Picasso constantly wrote his Fernanda and searched for his way.

The famous “Girl on a Ball” (1905) is considered a transitional painting between the “blue” and “pink” periods. The artist plays on the contrast and balance of shapes or lines, heaviness and lightness, stability and instability. Also at the end of the “pink period” “antique” paintings appeared - “Boy Leading a Horse” (1906), “Girl with a Goat” (1906) and others.
4. "African" period (1907 - 1909)

Les Demoiselles d'Avignon 1907
canvas, oil

In 1906, Picasso worked on a portrait of Gertrude Stein. He rewrote it about eighty times and, according to the recollections of Gertrude Stein herself, in the end Picasso told her in a rage: “I have stopped seeing you when I look at you.” and left work on the portrait. It was crucial moment in his work and from here began Picasso’s journey from the depiction of specific people to the depiction of man as such and to form as an independent structure. Picasso needed confirmation of his path to general development world art and new impressions for gaining new creative energy and the discovery by science of that time of a whole layer of African culture served as an impetus for the artist’s creativity. He was especially interested in African sculpture and masks, he considered them endowed magical power and found in them a sensual simplicity of form. Most likely, it was these “African influences” that determined the final version of the portrait.

In 1907, the famous "Les Demoiselles d'Avignon" appeared. The artist worked on them more than a year- long and carefully, as I had not worked on my other paintings before. The public's first reaction is shock. Matisse was furious. Even most of my friends did not accept this job. “It feels like you wanted to feed us oakum or give us gasoline to drink,” said the artist Georges Braque, new friend Picasso. Scandalous picture, whose name was given by the poet A. Salmon, was the first step of painting on the path to cubism, and many art historians consider it the starting point contemporary art.

5. Cubism (1909 - 1917)

Three musicians or masked musicians, 1921.

Nude, 1909
canvas, oil

Woman with a fan, 1908
canvas, oil

There are several stages in Picasso’s “cubic” period. “Cezannean” cubism, represented in the works “Can and Bowls” (1908), “Three Women” (1908), “Woman with a Fan” (1909) and others, is characterized by “Cezannean” tones - ocher, greenish, brown, but more blurred, cloudy and the use of simple geometric shapes from which the image is built. “Analytical” cubism: the object is crushed into small parts that are clearly separated from each other, the object form seems to blur on the canvas. “Portrait of Ambroise Vollard” (1910), “Factory in Horta de San Juan” (1909), “Portrait of Fernanda Olivier” (1909), “Portrait of Kahnweiler” (1910). At the stage of “synthetic” cubism, Picasso’s works took on a decorative and contrasting character. The paintings mostly depict still lifes with various items: musical instruments, notes, bottles of wine, smoking pipes, cutlery, posters... Also, fearing the transformation of Cubism into purely abstract aesthetic exercises, understandable only to a narrow circle, Picasso and Braque used real objects in their works: wallpaper, sand, ropes, etc. Works of the “synthetic” period: “Still life with a wicker chair” (1911-1912), Bottle of Pernod (table in a cafe)” (1912) “Violin and guitar” (1913).

Despite the rejection of Cubism by the majority, Picasso's paintings sell very well. Finally, their miserable existence ended, and in September 1909 Pablo and Fernanda moved to a spacious and bright studio at 11 Clichy. Of course, Picasso did not forget to move his obligatory mess: fancy bottles and vases, guitars, an old carpet, paintings by his favorite artists - Matisse, Cezanne, Rousseau, a collection of African masks... He always said that he was terrified of harmony and good taste. He bought things he liked without caring how they looked together.

In the fall of 1911, Picasso broke up with Fernanda. His new muse became Eva (Marcel Humbert), with whom he lived and created his cubic works in Montparnasse and Avignon. One of the works dedicated to Eve is “Nude, I Love Eve” (1912). Then came the sad years: war, mobilization and separation from many friends, an unexpected illness and tragic death Eve.

6. Neoclassicism (1918 - 1925)

seated harlequin, 1923
canvas, oil

In the spring of 1917, the poet Jean Cocteau, who collaborated with Sergei Diaghilev, invited Picasso to make sketches of costumes and scenery for the future ballet. The artist went to work in Rome, where he fell in love with one of the dancers of the Diaghilev troupe, Olga Khokhlova. They married in 1918, and in 1921 their son Paul was born.

At this time, his paintings were very far from cubism; on them: clear and understandable forms, light colors, the right faces. The most expressive picture these years - "Portrait of Olga in an Armchair" (1917). Picasso was actively criticized for changing his style, just as he had previously been criticized for Cubism. He responded to these accusations in an interview: “Whenever I want to say something, I say it in the manner in which I feel it should be said.” Other paintings of the "realistic" period: "Bathers" (1918), "Women running along the beach" (1922), " Child portrait Picasso's Fields" (1923).

7. Surrealism (1925 - 1936)

nude on the beach, 1929
canvas, oil

“Beauty will be convulsive, or it will not be,” said Andre Breton, the founder of surrealism, an art movement that aimed to comprehend the true depths artistic creativity through penetration into the world of dreams and the unconscious.
In 1925, Picasso painted the painting "Dance". Aggressive, sickly, with deformed figures, she reflects a difficult period in family life artist and at the same time proclaims a new turning point in his work. Picasso is close to the surrealists, but he always has his own path.
Works of this period: “Bather Opening a Cabin” (1928), “Figures on the Beach” (1931), “Woman with a Flower” (1932), etc.

On a cold January day in 1927, Picasso met seventeen-year-old Maria Therese Walter. He bought the Boisgeloup castle for her and there she became his only model and the heroine of several of his famous works, for example, “Mirror” (1932, private collection), “Girl in front of a mirror”, (1932, Museum of Modern Art, New York); The sculpture “Woman with a Vase” was also made from it (now this sculpture stands on the artist’s grave)). In 1935, Marie-Therese gave birth to a daughter, Maya, but by 1936, Picasso had separated from both women, although he was not officially divorced from Olga Khokhlova until her death in 1955.

In 1930-1934, Picasso became interested in sculpture and created a number of sculptural works in the spirit of surrealism: “Reclining Woman” (1932), “Man with a Bouquet” (1934), and also, with the help of his Spanish sculptor friend Julio Gonzalez, constructed various metal abstract structures . In the same 30s. he creates a number of engravings illustrating Ovid's Metamorphoses (1930) and the works of Aristophanes (1934), indicating that the classics have always been a strong source of inspiration for him.

8. War in Spain. Guernica. Second World War (1937-1945)

Guernica 1937
canvas, oil

Since the 1930s, such a key theme and image for him as the bull, the Minotaur, has appeared in Picasso’s work. The artist creates a number of works with this character ("Minotauromachy", 1935), while Picasso interprets the myth of the Minotaur in his own way. For Picasso, the bull, the Minotaur are destructive forces, war and death.
The apogee of development of this topic was famous painting Picasso "Guernica" (1937). Guernica is a small Basque town in northern Spain, almost wiped off the face of the earth by German aircraft on May 1, 1937. This huge (almost eight meters in length and three and a half in height) monochrome (black, white, gray) painting was first exhibited in the Republican Pavilion of Spain at the World Exhibition in Paris.
One day the Gestapo raided Picasso's house. A Nazi officer, seeing a photograph of Guernica on the table, asked: “Did you do this?” “No,” the artist replied, “you did it.”
During the same period, a series of monsters “Dreams and Lies of General Franco” (1937) was created (in 1936 during civil war in Spain, Picasso supported the Republicans and opposed the supporters of General Franco) and a number of paintings on similar themes: “Night Fishing in Antibes” (1939), “ Crying woman" (1937) (he painted the last picture from Dora Maar, a Yugoslavian female photographer whom Picasso met in 1936; she became famous for capturing the stages of Picasso's work on Guernica).

During the Second World War, Picasso lived in France, where he became close to communist members of the Resistance (in 1944, Picasso even joined the French Communist Party). At this time, he created the following paintings with the same leitmotif of the bull, war and death: “Still Life with a Bull Skull” (1942), “Morning Serenade” (1942, National Museum of Modern Art, Center Pompidou, Paris), “Slaughterhouse” ( 1944-1945, Museum of Modern Art, New York) and the sculpture "Man with Lamb" (1944), which was subsequently installed in front of the ancient Romanesque cathedral on the market square of the city of Vallauris in the south of France.
9. Post-war period (1945 - 1960e)
Already in peacetime, in 1946, Picasso made a picturesque ensemble of 27 panels and paintings for the castle of the princely Grimaldi family in Antibes, a resort town on the Mediterranean coast of France. The panel in the first hall is called “The Joy of Being” and the entire series is in the same spirit of harmony with nature and existence - images of fauns, naked girls, centaurs, fairy-tale creatures…

portrait of Françoise, 1946
paper, pencil

In 1946, Picasso met the young artist Françoise Gilot and moved with her to Grimaldi Castle. Françoise soon gives him a son, Claude, and a daughter, Paloma. The painting "Flower Woman" is dedicated to Françoise. (In 1953, Françoise ran away from Picasso with two children because of his complex character and constant infidelities; the artist took this separation hard, which was reflected in a number of his works of that time - for example, in a series of ink drawings depicting a disgusting old dwarf buffoonishly contrasting with young and beautiful girl).

In 1949, Picasso painted his famous “Dove of Peace” on the poster of the World Peace Congress in Paris, and in 1951 he created the political painting “Massacre in Korea” (Museum Picasso, Paris). Since 1947, Picasso has lived in the south of France, in the city of Vallauris, where in 1952 he painted the walls of the old chapel with allegorical symbols of war and peace and himself called it all the “Temple of Peace.” In Vallauris, Picasso took up ceramics. He creates his favorite characters - centaurs, fauns, bulls, doves, women, and makes anthropomorphic jugs. To this day, in this town in the south of France, the so-called “ceramic workshops” have been preserved, which continue to hold the Picasso brand and replicate products invented by the artist. In 1958, the already recognized and renowned artist created the monumental composition “The Fall of Icarus” for the UNESCO building in Paris. In 1961, almost 80-year-old Picasso married 34-year-old beauty Jacqueline Roque. She inspires him to create a series of portraits in which her chiseled sphinx profile can be seen. He buys a villa in Cannes for her and himself.
10. Last years(late 60s - 1973)

In the 1960s, Picasso painted various variations on the themes of famous masters - Velazquez, Goya, Manet in a free, scandalous cubist manner: "Girls on the banks of the Seine. After Courbet" (1950, Art Museum, Basel), "Algerian Women. After Delacroix" (1955), "Las Meninas. After Velazquez" (1957), "Lunch on the Grass. After Manet" (1960).

also in late creativity the artist often turns to portrait of a woman(portraits of Jacqueline Rock). Jacqueline remains Picasso's last and faithful woman and takes care of him, already sick, blind and hard of hearing, until his death. Picasso died on April 8, 1973 at the age of 92, a multimillionaire, in the city of Mougins in France and was buried near the Vauvenargues castle that belonged to him. He left behind more than 80 thousand works (according to other sources, about 20 thousand). Picasso himself spoke about death like this: “I think about Death all the time. She is just a woman who will never leave me.” During the artist’s lifetime, the Picasso Museum in Barcelona was opened in 1970 (the paintings for this museum were donated by Picasso himself), and in 1985, through the efforts of the artist’s heirs, the Picasso Museum in Paris was created, numbering more than 200 paintings, more than 150 sculptures and several thousand drawings, collages, prints, documents.

Picasso's work radically influenced the development of art and culture throughout the 20th century. And at world auctions, more and more, as yet little-known works of the famous master from his vast heritage are still being found and put up for sale.

"Self-portrait". 1972

Technique: Colored pencils

Collection: Tokyo, Fuji Television Gallery

One of the most controversial figures in modern art, one who constantly changed, without imitating anyone, taking the world of art with him, from the classical canons of the beauty of lines and composition to the complete deformation of space.

Knowledge and Charity, 1897

Salon Prado, 1897

More from early years Picasso began to show promise as a future great artist, in which his mother tirelessly supported him, and his father, as a painting teacher, helped him master the basics of the craft.

Pablo with his sister Lola, 1889

Throughout Picasso's apprenticeship, his sister was a constant model for his paintings. He painted many portraits of her.

The artist's sister Lola, 1900

Yellow picador

This painting is considered one of Picasso's first paintings, which the boy painted under the impression of a bullfight. Bullfighting remained his passion all his life.

Bullfight, 1901

Bullfight, or the death of a matador, 1933

By the way, the artist’s real name is Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno Maria de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santisima Trinidad Martyr Patricio Clito Ruiz and Picasso, but since Ruiz is one of the most common surnames in Spain, Pablo left his maternal surname Picasso. If you listen to the sounds, associations with picador(from picar- stab) and bullfighting, and you will be right!

But this is a bullfighter on a horse, armed with a special lance, with which he strikes the fighting bull in the scruff of the neck in order to weaken the muscles of his neck and make sure his reaction to pain. And here's what else: Picasso's passion for this cruel, but no less fascinating duel between two creatures, unites him with one of the most famous artists Francisco de Goya, who also gravitated towards this action, seeing something primal and bewitching.

Francisco de Goya "Picador"

Francisco de Goya "Death of a Picador", 1793

Pablo was inspired by the works of many great masters, such as El Greco, Velazquez, Rembrandt, Cranach, Poussin, Ingres, Titian, Courbet, Delacroix, Cezanne, Gauguin, Renoir, Manet. He copied and then created portraits in the style of the great masters and could very well be traditional artist, a high-class realist, but, as he later said, “duplicating the visible world in your paintings is pointless.”

Pablo Picasso: “Art is a lie leading to the truth.”

Pablo Picasso "The Rape of the Sabine Women", 1963

Pablo Picasso "The Rape of the Sabine Women", 1962

Pablo Picasso "The Rape of the Sabine Women", 1962

Peter Paul Rubens "The Rape of the Sabine Women"

Nicolas Poussin "The Rape of the Sabine Women", 1537. Louvre, Paris

"Las Meninas" (after Velazquez), 1957

Another option.

Compare with the original painting Diego Velazquez "Las Meninas" (1656).

Picasso explored the work of many of his predecessors, but, perhaps, not a single painting of the past received such attention as "Luncheon on the Grass" by Edouard Manet. Over the course of two years (1961-1962), Pablo Picasso created 26 paintings (14 of them in the Orsay Museum in Paris), six linocuts and 140 drawings of his versions of Manet's painting.

Edouard Manet, Luncheon on the Grass, 1863

But even at the age of 12, Pablo drew like this...

Male torso, plaster, 1893

At the age of 15, he entered the Madrid Academy of Arts, the most prestigious art institution in the country, but after six months of study he realized that he was not learning anything new, and left his studies to independently study the paintings of the great Spanish artists at the Prado Museum, mainly Velazquez and El Greco.

Copy of a portrait of Philip IV (from a painting by Velazquez, 1653), 1898

Diego Velazquez "Portrait of King Philip IV of Spain", 1656

El Greco's style is recognizable in its elongated figures and shades of gray paint.

Portrait of a Stranger, 1899

Portrait of Lola Ruiz Picasso, 1901

Portrait of Carlos Casagemas, 1899

Portrait of Josep Cardona, 1899

At the age of 17, he returns to Barcelona, ​​where he finds himself among avant-garde artists, leads a bohemian lifestyle and is imbued with new trends. He is part of the circle of artists and writers revolving around the café-bar-cabaret “Four Cats”, opened by analogy with the bohemian Parisian establishment “Black Cat”. Now he writes under the influence of the impressionists, in particular Toulouse-Lautrec, Degas.

Sofa, 1899

In the dressing room, 1900

At this time, Picasso met the aspiring artist Carlos Casagemas, with whom they almost never parted, had fun together, and held art exhibitions. In 1900, they went to Paris for the first time and got acquainted with the artistic life of the capital. Picasso visits all the museums of Paris, studies the art of the Impressionists in person, meets art dealers, receives the first money for his paintings, and is ordered new ones. Pablo begins to understand that his life in art should be connected with Paris.
He explores artistic life capitals of the world, but also the life of the city - nightlife bars, cabarets and brothels, being impressed by the looseness and freedom of this city, as well as under the influence of the Impressionists. Following the tradition started Degas, Manet, Toulouse-Lautrecom, Pablo captures images of the then famous Parisian ballroom Moulin de la Galette.

"Moulin de la Galette", 1900

However, after his suicide best friend Carlos Casagemas, who shot himself in the head in front of friends and cafe visitors because of unhappy love, Picasso felt guilty that he did not prevent the tragedy, did not go with him to Paris, but remained in Barcelona to attend to his exhibition. So it began "blue period", which lasted from 1901 to 1905. The cold, gloomy color scheme of his works, almost monochrome painting with tragic, depressive characters, was in tune with his worldview at that time.

Gloomy despair

Celestina (Woman with a Cataract), 1904

Such sadness, despair, hopelessness, silent suffering have never been seen in world art, he created works in an unprecedented early style. By the way, the famous American jazz trumpeter Miles Davis, who had a significant influence on the development of music of the 20th century, was inspired by the works of the “blue period,” as can be judged by the design of his albums and creativity.

In 1904, Pablo Picasso finally moved to Paris and settled in Montmartre, in a hostel for artists known as Bateau Lavoir.

In addition to like-minded young people, Pablo meets Fernanda Olivier here, who sometimes comes to Bateau Lavoir to pose for artists.

Pablo Picasso and Fernande Olivier in Montmartre with dogs, 1904

Pablo Picasso, Fernanda Olivier and Jaquin Reventos, Barcelona, ​​1906

They lived together for almost a decade. According to researchers, she was the model for the creation of Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, one of Picasso's main paintings. These positive changes led to a new round in Picasso’s work - the so-called "pink period" (1904-1906), when he paints pictures full of grace, subtlety and charm in cheerful colors, mainly red, orange, pink and gray shades .
Among his works there are many subjects with circus performers, French comedians(he and his friends often visit the circus, which is located next to their dormitory). By the way, interest in circus performers was very widespread in the art of the early 20th century - traveling artists were poor, but creative and independent people, like avant-garde artists. For people of art circus theme symbolized freedom and independence. It is believed that Picasso often portrays himself in the role of Harlequin, and his friends in the role of other characters.

In the cabaret Lapin Agil, or Harlequin with a glass, 1905

Seated Harlequin, 1905

Acrobat and young Harlequin, 1905

Girl on a ball, 1905

Family of Comedians, 1905

One of his most famous works of the “rose period” is the painting "Boy with a Pipe" (1905).

At this time, Picasso finds his long-term patrons - Gertrude Stein and her brother Leo– collectors who begin to buy paintings by an almost mendicant artist and display them in their gallery. Gertrude Stein would later write: “In 1904 he came to Paris again. There he again began to become a little French, that is, France again captivated and seduced him... And this weakened his Spanish seriousness, and... he freed himself from the blue period, from the Spanish spirit revived in him, and when this was over, painting began, which is now called the rose or harlequin period. Here he communicated closely with Guillaume Apollinaire, Max Jacob and Andre Salmon, and they all saw each other constantly. Artists have always loved the circus, even now, when it has been replaced by cinema and nightclubs, they like to remember circus clowns and acrobats. At that time, they visited the Medrano circus at least once a week and they were very flattered by the close communication with clowns, jugglers, horses and riders... Then he will be freed from this, from the circus and elegant French poetry, he will be freed from them, just like , how I freed myself from the blue period before.”

Many have found inspiration in Picasso, for example, the famous American singer, rock musician David Bowie.

One of latest works this time "Boy Leading a Horse" (1906), which amazes with its monumentality and grandeur, and at the same time the artist here follows the classical canons.

Therefore it greatest creation "The Maidens of Avignon", created in 1907,

marks the beginning of a new one "African period" (1907-1909) in the artist's work, under the influence ancient art Africa and Spain.

Spain

If you look closely at the picture, the two characters on the right quite definitely refer us to the images of African masks, which captured Picasso’s imagination with their primitive strength and incredible power. I cannot help but note that this picture is very reminiscent Paul Cezanne and him "Bathers".

Pablo wrote Les Demoiselles d'Avignon over the course of a year with special care. And it certainly created a real sensation for that time, since this style turned out to be a bold experiment, and in addition it became the first step of painting on the path to cubism, in addition, many art critics consider it the starting point of modern art. It seems that the picture has no plot, but at the same time, it is filled with a completely different, mystical, “through the looking glass” meaning. A complete transformation of the human body, where there is no beauty, no smoothing of corners, just look at those monstrous eyes. From this, tension increases, and inside the picture a clash of angels and demons, good and evil, seen by the artist through shards of glass, is already brewing. Another interesting detail is the hand pushing back the curtain, which has a double meaning: it reveals the space of Cubism to the viewer, and also indicates the theatricality of what is happening on the canvas. Painting and theater are two of Picasso’s hobbies that are found in this picture.

The face of his patroness Gertrude in the painting of the same name "Portrait of Gertrude Stein" (1905-1906), already clearly reminds us of an African mask with wide and narrow slits for the eyes.

A new period is coming "analytical cubism" (1909-1912), when an object is crushed into small parts that are clearly separated from each other, the object form seems to blur on the canvas. Picasso's quest was based on his belief that painting is capable of more than simply showing what the eye sees. There must be a way to show the world “as it really is.” We must write “not what I see, but what I know,” as Picasso said. To show not what is visible, but what exists.

Fan, salt shaker, melon, 1909

Woman sitting in a chair, 1910

One of distinctive features painting of the period of analytical cubism - monochrome. “The color is weakening!” - Picasso declares, observing Matisse’s experiments in painting. And he himself focuses on the shape and volume of objects. The second thing he abandoned was the separateness of things, their differences in texture and material. Also, in Cubism any kind of perspective disappears, so the concept of where an object is located, far or near, has absolutely no meaning. As a result, in Cubist paintings we see a very strange, fantastic, monochrome image, creating the illusion of some kind of metaphysical space, its edges protruding from the plane of the canvas. The object and the background surrounding it are one and the same thing, and individual items in this unified structure, reality has no clearly defined boundaries. We see only an incomprehensible, icy, fragmented, homogeneous mass that has no texture, no internal differences, and we can guess what is depicted only from individual hint details. Picasso called them “attributes.” Somewhere you can see a hand, somewhere a mustache, or a key, or the neck of a guitar, but they are all created from the same conventional “substance”. But these are only symbols and signs of objects, and not themselves. Cubism, therefore, set itself not a visual, but a philosophical task.

Man with Clarinet, 1911

Torero, 1912

Famous French artist, graphic artist, set designer, sculptor and decorator Georges Braque from 1907 he joined Picasso’s artistic quest, and then became an equal partner in their creative union. Let's take a look at a few paintings by Georges Braque.

Now let's look at their joint projects.

Girl with Mandolin (Fanny Tellier), 1910

The figure of the girl and the background are like a single picturesque universe, built by the artist from the same type of “blocks”. Space as sculpture. The artist disassembles the world into elements and collects new reality- the reality of a work of art.

Mandolinist, 1911

At the same time, volumetricity, the use of real light and shadow on sculptural volumes, spaces, shifts of planes, shapes, volumes, variations in voids and fullness in the future opened the door to a new direction in painting - abstractionism, for example, a prominent representative of this direction is Mark Rothko.

Cubism had a noticeable influence on the emergence of the style art deco (or art deco), especially his way of dismembering objects and analyzing their geometric components. Distinctive features This style is characterized by strict regularity, bold geometric shapes, ethnic geometric patterns, richness of colors, lavish ornaments, luxury, and expensive materials.

Chrysler skyscraper in New York

Furniture from Jacques-Emile Ruhlmann.

Or creations Emil Brandt.

They even created cars.

Famous French female fashion designer Coco Chanel, had a tremendous impact on 20th century fashion, introducing the fitted jacket and little black dress into women's fashion, primarily contributing to modernization women's fashion, borrowing many elements from the traditional men's wardrobe and following the principle of luxurious simplicity. She also brought elements of cubism into her work.

The straight silhouette of the fashion of the 20s continues the traditions of Cubism.

A Guggenheim Museum, the Museum of Contemporary Art in Bilbao in Spain - incorporates elements of cubism, embodying the abstract idea of ​​a futuristic ship.

In 1892-1895 he studied at the School of Fine Arts in La Coruña, in 1895-1897 - at the School of Fine Arts in Barcelona, ​​where he received a gold medal for the painting “Science and Charity” (1897).

In 1950, Picasso was elected to the World Peace Council.

In the 1950s, the artist painted many variations on the theme famous masters past, resorting to a cubist style of writing: "Algerian women. After Delacroix" (1955), "Lunch on the grass. After Manet" (1960), "Girls on the banks of the Seine. After Courbet" (1950), "Las Meninas. After Velazquez" (1957).

In 1958, Picasso created the composition "The Fall of Icarus" for the UNESCO building in Paris.

In the 1960s, Picasso created a monumental sculptural composition 15 meters high for a community center in Chicago.

- one of the most “expensive” artists in the world - the estimate (pre-sale estimate) of his works exceeds hundreds of millions of dollars.

Pablo Picasso was married twice. In 1918, he married the ballerina of the Diaghilev troupe, Olga Khokhlova (1891-1955). In this marriage, the artist had a son, Paul (1921-1975). After Olga's death in 1961, the artist married Jacqueline Rock (1927-1986). Picasso also had illegitimate children - daughter Maya from Marie-Thérèse Walter, son Claude and daughter Paloma from artist Françoise Gilot.

The material was prepared based on information from RIA Novosti and open sources

Pablo Picasso - great spanish artist , cubist, sculptor, artist, remembered for the unique style of his paintings and the trendsetter of subsequent fashion in art. Full name of this brilliant artist - Pablo Diego Jose Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno Maria de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santisima Trinidad Mártir Patricio Ruiz.

Picasso worked a lot and, in tandem with George Braque, founded the so-called painting style - cubism. There is no doubt that he had a considerable influence on all the art that followed him, since he still has many imitators and students who follow his work.

The most early painting Pablo Picasso - Picadora, which was painted at the age of 8. He learned to draw Picasso from his father, who was an art teacher. Then he studied at various art schools, among which were: the School of Fine Arts in Barcelona, ​​the school in La Coruña. The first exhibition of works took place in Barcelona in June 1989, in the cafe "Els Quatre Gats". Pablo became acquainted with the work of the Impressionists later, after he left for Paris. Already here, after the suicide of his best friend and due to some depression in his life, a period occurs that later all art critics in the world will call " Blue Period" This style will develop in Barcelona when the artist returns. This period in the life of Picasso's paintings is characterized by despondency, an expression of death and old age, depression, melancholy, and sadness. Works that belong to the blue period are the Absinthe Drinker, Date, Beggar Old Man with a Boy. It was also called blue because blue shades predominate in the paintings of this period.

In 1904, when the great Spanish artist settled in Paris in a hostel for poor artists, the blue period gave way to the pink period, in which grief and images of death were replaced by more vital scenes from the theater, life stories of traveling comedians, and the life of actors and acrobats. Pink shades prevailed in his paintings, which is why they received the name “pink period”.

As mentioned earlier together with George Braque, somewhere around 1907 he became the founder of Cubism due to the fact that he moved in his work from image to analysis of form and components. Cubism in all its manner rejected naturalism and, according to many art historians, was inspired by Pablo Picasso due to his passion for African sculpture, which is distinguished by angularity, grotesque extension of forms, and characteristic ornamentation. African sculpture generally influenced many movements visual arts, for example, in addition to Picasso, she helped Matisse create Fauvism.

In 1925, the pink and cheerful paintings were replaced by the most difficult and difficult period in the artist’s life. Cubism develops into absolutely unreal and surreal images. His monsters and creatures, screaming and torn to pieces, were inspired by the revolution of surrealism in painting and literature that broke out at that time. Then there was the fear of fascism, which hung over all of Europe, which also had an impact on Pablo’s work: Fishing at night in Antibes, Maya and her doll, Guernica. WITH last picture, which depicts the horrors of war, one is connected famous story. Once a Nazi officer, seeing a photograph of Guernica, asked Picasso: “Did you do this?”, to which he replied: “You did this!”

After the war, a new mood takes possession of him, as a series of pleasant events: love for Françoise Gilot, the birth of two children, gives him a happy and bright period in his work populated with life, family, happiness.

Pablo Ruiz Picasso died in 1973 at his villa in France. The great artist was buried near the castle, which belonged to him personally and was called Vovenart.

Pablo Picasso paintings

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