Extreme points of Russia (17 photos).

January 22nd, 2013

We continue to study interesting topics. This is what he writes to us aleks18771

"We could do a series about extreme points Russia. For example, finding eastern and western is not difficult.
No one knows where the Southern hike is. In any case, no one really writes on the Internet yet."

Well, let's go look for points..

Russia is located in the north of the Eurasian continent, occupying about a third of its territory (31.5%). The extreme northern and eastern points of the continent are also the extreme points of Russia. The country is located in two parts of the world and occupies the eastern sector of Europe and the northern part of Asia. Russia is washed by the seas of three oceans: the Atlantic, Arctic and Pacific.

The border between Europe and Asia within Russia is drawn along Ural mountains and along the Kuma-Manych depression. Only a little more than 1/5 of the country's area belongs to Europe (about 22%). At the same time, often under European territory Russia means the entire territory lying west of the Urals (about 23% of the area). In any case, the Asian part of Russia accounts for over 3/4 of the country's territory. The 180th meridian passes through Wrangel Island and Chukotka, therefore, the eastern outskirts of Russia lies in the Western Hemisphere. The geographical center of Russia is located in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, Evenki Autonomous Okrug on Lake Vivi. The center of Asia is located in Tuva, near Kyzyl.

The Russian Federation is the largest state in the world in terms of territory; the country's area is 17 million 75 thousand 400 km2 (one eighth of the world's territory). The area of ​​Russia is 1.7 times more area Europe and 1.8 times the area of ​​the United States, 2 times the area of ​​the People's Republic of China and 29 times the area of ​​the largest European state - Ukraine.

Northernmost point

The northernmost point of Russia on the mainland is located far beyond the Arctic Circle at Cape Chelyuskin (77° 43" N).

Cape Chelyuskin, which is the northernmost point of the Taimyr Peninsula and the Eurasian mainland, was first reached by man in 1742. Then the expedition led by Semyon Ivanovich Chelyuskin named the cape East-Northern. It took place as part of the Great Northern Expedition, which was approved by the Admiralty Board, which believed that it was necessary to explore in detail the north of Russia from Pechora to Chukotka and make a description of those places. In honor of Semyon Chelyuskin, a polar navigator and explorer of the north of Russia, the cape was named already in 1842, when the centenary of his expedition was celebrated.

Chelyuskin's travel journal, in which he shares his impressions of his dog sled journey, the difficult journey he made with his comrades, and their arrival at the Cape, is still kept in St. Petersburg, in the archives of the navy.

The northernmost point of the Taimyr Peninsula is different harsh climate. Winter here lasts all year round, the snow practically never melts, and the temperature in July and August usually does not exceed +1C°.

The second person to visit this cape was geologists and geographer from Sweden Nils Nordenskiöld. The third was the Norwegian Fridtjof Nansen, who on September 9, 1893 sailed past Cape Chelyuskin in a heavy snowstorm on the ship Fram.

Currently, the station is called a radio meteorological center, where from 8 to 10 people spend the winter. A number of residential buildings and scientific pavilions were built. Some buildings are abandoned and not in use. The northernmost airfield of continental Eurasia, “Cape Chelyuskin,” is also located here, which is serviced by the Khatanga United Aviation Enterprise. All that remains of the airfield is a helipad, maintained by the military.

In 1932, a polar station was established on the cape, to which an observatory was later added. Now the station has been transferred to meteorological status. About 10 people constantly spend the winter there. Communication with the mainland and civilization is provided by the Cape Chelyuskin airfield with a helipad.

And one more island point: Cape Fligeli on Rudolf Island in the Franz Josef Land archipelago is located even further north - 81° 49" N, the distance from Cape Fligeli to the North Pole is only 900 km.

Rudolf Island is the northernmost of the Franz Josef Land islands. Cape Fligeli on the island is the northernmost point of land, belonging to Russian Federation, at the same time the northernmost point of Europe. The island is administratively owned Arkhangelsk region. Area 297 km². Almost completely covered by a glacier.

The island, like the entire Franz Josef Archipelago, was discovered in 1873 by the Austro-Hungarian expedition of explorer J. Payer, and was named after Rudolf, Crown Prince of Austria. In 1936, the base of the first Soviet air expedition to the North Pole was established on the island. From there, in May 1937, four heavy four-engine ANT-6 aircraft brought the Papaninites to the top of the world.

The meteorological station on Rudolf Island was opened in August 1932 as part of the Second International Polar Year program. For the first wintering, 4 people remained, led by N.F. Balabin. A year later, the station was mothballed, and work continued again in the summer of 1936. Initially, the station was equipped as a base for the 1937 air expedition to the North Pole. Airfields were equipped near the station and on the ice dome of the island. In the period from April 1942 to 1947, it was again mothballed. Last period works 1947-1995.

Southernmost point

According to the first version, the extreme southern point is located southwest of Mount Bazardyuzyu in the eastern part of the Main, or Watershed, ridge of the Greater Caucasus, on the border of Dagestan and Azerbaijan. The latitude of the point is 41° 11" N. The distance between the extreme northern and southern points exceeds 40° along the meridian, and the northern continental point is 36.5° away from the southern one. This is just over 4 thousand km.

All reference books indicate that Bazardyuzyu (4,466 m*) is the highest of the mountain peaks of the Republic of Dagestan and neighboring Azerbaijan. 41°13′16″ n. w. 47°51′29″ E. d.

However, there is another version: The extreme southern bend of the border between the Russian Federation and Azerbaijan is located several kilometers southwest of the Bazardyuzyu peak. Closer to the southern point of Russia is Mount Ragdan (41°12" N), and the village of Kurush is the southernmost locality....

The peak on the left is Bazarduzu, on the right is Ragdan

The Usukhchaya Valley is unique in terms of possessing the epithets “most”, “most”, “most”. Here is the easternmost glacier of Dagestan - Tikhitsar. And the southernmost glacier of Dagestan and Russia, Charyn, also lies in the river basin. Next to the Charyn glacier rises Mount Ragdan, the southernmost point of the Russian Federation. One of the longest and highest rock walls of the Caucasus is the Western Wall of Erydag - the pride of our wall climbers. Finally, the highest peak of Dagestan - Bazarduzi (4466 m) is also adjacent to the Usukhchaya valley. One more thing can be noted natural phenomenon valleys. From the ridge of Erydag, the Charaur waterfall, the highest in Dagestan, falls to a depth of 300 meters.

Closer to the southern point of Russia is Mount Ragdan (41°12" N), but it can only be found on large-scale maps.

This extent of the territory from north to south, combined with the latitudinal position, determines the uneven supply of heat to the surface of the country and the formation within its borders of three climatic zones (Arctic, subarctic and temperate) and ten natural areas(from arctic deserts to temperate deserts). The main part of Russia's territory is located between 70 and 50° N. latitude. About 20% of the territory lies beyond the Arctic Circle. The area of ​​the Northern regions is 10 million km2; in this respect, only Canada can serve as an analogue.

Extreme western point

The extreme western point of Russia is located in the Kaliningrad region on the sandy Baltic spit of the Gdansk Bay of the Baltic Sea at 19° 38" 30" east. But due to the fact that the Kaliningrad region is separated from the rest of Russia by the territory of other states and is an enclave, the extreme western point has turned into a kind of “island” point.

They also call the western point of the compact part of Russia, that is, without taking into account the Kaliningrad region, - in the Pskov region, just north of the junction of the borders of Estonia, Latvia and Russia (27 ° 17 "E).

Easternmost point

The easternmost point of Russia on the mainland is located at Cape Dezhnev (169° 40" W) - Ratmanov Island in the Bering Strait is located even further east - 169° 02" W.

Cape Dezhnev, one of the most brutal places on the Chukotka Peninsula. Here the rocks are piled one on top of the other, there is often fog and a piercing wind constantly blows. From this point to the extreme western point of America - Cape Prince of Wales - 86 kilometers.

Despite the remoteness from civilization, these places have attractions. Lighthouse named after Semyon Dezhnev and antique cross, installed nearby, an abandoned whaling village of the 18th-20th centuries - Naukan (it was disbanded during Soviet power). However, those who climb to these regions come to see the unique fauna: there are countless bird colonies here, there is a walrus and seal rookery, and in the spring you can see polar bears with cubs. Sometimes killer whales and gray whales swim very close to the shore.

Semyon Ivanovich Dezhnev in 1648 circumnavigated the Chukotka Peninsula from the north and proved that it was possible to get from Europe to China through the northern seas. He passed through the strait separating America from Eurasia 80 years earlier than Vitus Bering, but little was known about Russian pioneers in the Old World. Therefore, the glory went to Bering.
However, in 1879, restoring justice, the Swedish Arctic explorer Nils Nordenskiöld named the extreme eastern point of Eurasia - Cape Dezhnev, after the Russian navigator. Until this time, the cape was called Vostochny.

How to get there: the nearest village of Uelen is located 10 kilometers from Cape Dezhnev, and the nearest airport is in Provideniya Bay, where planes fly from Anadyr.

Ratmanova Island has irregular shape(approximately 9 km long, 5 km wide) and an area of ​​about 10 square meters. km; It's practically a large rock with a flat top. Just 4 km 160 m away is Kruzenshtern Island (formerly Little Diomede), with an area of ​​about 5 square meters. km, which belongs to the USA. There is also Fairway Rock. The name Diomede was given to this archipelago by Vitus Bering, who approached the big island August 16, 1728, Saint Diomede's Day. But even before this name, Ratmanov Island already had a name - Imaklik (translated from Eskimo - “surrounded by water”), which was given to it by the Eskimos who lived on it for more than two thousand years. By the way, the Eskimos called Krusenstern Island (formerly Little Diomede) Ingalik, which means “opposite”.

The story of the island being named after Ratmanov is as follows. In 1816, the famous navigator Otto Kotzebue, while exploring the Bering Strait, mistakenly counted not three islands in the Diomede archipelago (as had been shown on the map since 1732), but four islands. He decided to give the “newly discovered” island the name of his colleague - naval officer Makar Ratmanov, with whom he took part in round the world expedition a few years earlier. When the error was discovered, they decided to leave Ratmanov’s name on the map, and from the middle of the 19th century, Big Diomede changed its name.

Western (large) - Ratmanov Island

The island is like a gable roof, with an extensive, gentler northern slope. From south to north, as if bending it in the middle, a river with marshy banks flows, and closer to the raised edges scatterings of bare stones and bizarre outcrops begin. The southern slope is smaller, but steeper. The remains on it are more numerous and the steep banks are higher. The junction of both slopes forms a small ridge, the highest point of which is called Roof Mountain. The island occupies a key position on the border between Asia and North America and two oceans - the Pacific and the Arctic. It overlooks a huge water area. For tens of kilometers to the west, north and east, it is easy to trace the movements of marine animals and the flights of birds.

The islands were inhabited by brave Inupik Eskimo sailors. Barter trade between Asian and American Eskimos took place through them; they were at the center of all events in the Northern Bering Sea and, creating their own culture, took a lot from cultural traditions, already existing on both continents. In 1948, with the beginning cold war between the USSR and the USA, the inhabitants of the island were resettled to the mainland.

Now there is a Russian border outpost on Ratmanov Island. On Kruzenshtern Island there is a village with a population of 600 people. The Russian-American border, as well as the international date line, runs between these islands. Getting to Ratmanov Island is not just difficult, but extremely difficult. And not only because this is actually a state border, but also due to weather conditions - 300 days a year the island is shrouded in thick fog. Most shortcut: from Anadyr by helicopter via St. Lawrence. But this is only after receiving permission from the SVRPU. But it's worth it!

The distance between the western and eastern outskirts of Russia is 171° 20" or almost 10 thousand km. With the enormous extent of the territory from west to east, the degree of continentality of the climate changes, which entails the manifestation of sectoral changes in nature. There are 10 time zones within the Russian Federation .
The highest point in Russia is Mount Elbrus (5642 m), located in the Karachay-Cherkess Republic on the border with the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. The lowest absolute height was noted in the Caspian depression (-28 m).

So we walked around our homeland, Mother Russia :-)

sources

Planet Earth is truly unique. There are different continents here, on which, accordingly, there are different countries with their own geographical features. Eurasia is considered the largest continent. Here, among other countries, Russia is located. In the article we will consider the geography of Eurasia and the Russian Federation in more detail. Let's find out where the extreme continental points of Russia are located.

Eurasia

Continent Eurasia occupies 36% of the total land surface of the Earth (more than 53,500 million sq. km), about 3/4 of the population of the entire planet Earth lives on it (about 5 billion). The continent is divided into two parts, Europe and Asia. They are unequal among themselves geographically. The latter makes up more than 80% of the area of ​​the entire continent.

Europe

The northernmost part of this part is Cape Nordkin (Kinnarudden). Located in Norway, it is a rock formation jutting out into the Barents Sea. The opposite point, the southernmost one, is Cape Marroki. This place is located in the Spanish province of Cadiz, in the Strait of Gibraltar. There is a lighthouse here. The distance to the coast of Africa is only 14 km. Cape Roca (Portugal) - western point. It also houses a lighthouse that provides light to ships sailing the Atlantic Ocean. The northernmost site is located on the territory of our country, in the Polar Urals.

Asia

The extreme points of the continents may coincide with those of some countries. This, for example, happened with the Russian Federation. Some extreme continental points of Russia coincide with these sections of the indicated part of the continent. There are two of them. The northernmost continental point of Russia is located at Cape Chelyuskin. It is located at the tip of the Taimyr Peninsula. The extreme eastern point of Russia is Cape Dezhnev. It is located in Chukotka. These extreme points of Russia are named after the great explorers of the Arctic. There is Cape Baba in Asia. This is the western extreme point of this continental zone. It is located in the northwestern part of the Turkish peninsular formation of Asia Minor. The southern section is Cape Piai. This is the tip of the Malay Peninsula in Malaysia.

RF and Eurasia

Some ancient cartographers considered Russia an independent part of the world, so how wide is it? Our country occupies almost a third of the Eurasian continent, it is the first in the world in terms of territory and ninth in population. Russia has borders with eighteen countries, ranking first in the world in this indicator. Our country has the longest border in the world, which exceeds the length of the equator, while sea lines are twice as long as land lines. Three oceans wash the Russian Federation: Pacific, Atlantic and Arctic.
Anyone who has traveled or lives in the region of the Ural Mountains has probably seen the corresponding pillars (tourists love to take pictures with them), outlining the border of Europe and Asia, parts of the world in which the largest and most notable events have taken place for many millennia human history, sometimes having a fundamental impact on the entire globe. The southern borders of Asia and Europe are drawn along the Kuma-Manych depression. If we consider the ratio of the European and Asian parts of the world within Russia, then only 1/5 of it is located in Europe, the rest of the territory is in Asia. “Yes, we are Asians,” said the poet. If we consider his words in a purely geographical context, then he was certainly right.

Russian Federation: brief description of the country

The Russian Federation includes eighty-five territorial and national-territorial entities. State structure– federal. The country is a mixed republic. The capital of Russia is Moscow, the country is headed by a president, official language- Russian. The state contains various subjects of law, vested with different powers depending on the status of the entity. The main units are regions, republics, territories, autonomous okrugs and regions, cities, including federal significance and subordination.

Geography

The territorial center of Russia is located in the region Krasnoyarsk Territory, near the southeastern part of the shore of Lake Vivi. The center of Asia is located in Tuva, near the capital - Kyzyl. The country's area is 1/8 of the world's territory. It is more than one and a half times the size of Europe and almost twice the size of the United States. A quarter of the equator is the length of the big country world from west to east (about 10,000 km), the length along the north-south line is more than 4,000 km.

Extreme points of Russia. Location by cardinal directions

The extreme eastern point of Russia coincides with the corresponding one in Eurasia, since the territory of the country occupies the northeastern part of the continent. This, as mentioned above, is Cape Dezhnev. Even further east is an inland point. This is the rocky island of Ratmanov. It is located in the Bering Strait. There is no permanent population on the island. The border post guards the easternmost border of the country. The island has one of the largest bird colonies in the region and a large walrus rookery. The northernmost continental point of Russia coincides with the corresponding one in Asia. As you know, this is Cape Chelyuskin. Even further north it is located on the island. Rudolf Cape Outbuildings. This is another extreme northern point of Russia. It is part of Franz Josef Land. This is the northernmost point on the inland part of the country. Almost the entire area is covered by glacier.
In the west, the extreme point of the state is located in an enclave region that does not have common land borders with the Russian Federation, in the Kaliningrad region. It is located on the Baltic Sea, on a narrow part of the land. The Baltic Spit separates the Kaliningrad Bay from the main water area. This part of the land is covered with sandy beaches and dunes. The extreme southern point of Russia is located in the Greater Caucasus, on the border of Dagestan and Azerbaijan, not far from Mount Bazardyuzyu (southwest of it). The mountain peaks of these places and the rich fauna create a unique landscape that attracts the attention of tourists from all over the world. There are other extreme points of Russia. For example, the highest mountain peak is located in the Caucasus. This is the famous Mount Elbrus. The peak is located in Karachay-Cherkessia. The region of the Caspian basin is considered the lowest altitude in Russia.

Territory of the Russian Federation. Short description

Our country occupies such a large territory that it accommodates three climate zones. In particular, these are temperate, arctic and subarctic. There are ten natural zones on the territory - from the northern Arctic to semi-deserts and deserts in the south. They make Russian nature one of a kind. There are tundras, forest-tundras, forest-steppes, and taiga. Mixed forests and broad-leaved steppes are common. This is a country of natural contrasts. Mountains and plains, arid and marshy areas represent unique landscapes. The country is rich in mineral resources and natural resources. The deepest lake in the world (Baikal), the largest river in Europe (Volga), the highest peak in the same part of the world (Elbrus) - all this is the Russian Federation. The vast territory of the country, making up one fifth of it, lies beyond the Arctic Circle. And some extreme points of Russia coincide with continental ones. In terms of relief, the country can be divided into several parts: Fennoscandia (Karelia, Kola Peninsula), East European and West Siberian Plains, Central Siberian Plateau, Ural Mountains, southern and eastern mountain ranges.

Russia is the largest state on globe. The territory of our country is more than 17 km². The distance between the northern and southern edges is more than 4 thousand km., between western and eastern - about 10 thousand km. There are 11 time zones in Russia, the time difference between the extreme points of the time range is 11 hours. 40 minutes. Impressive number! While some Russians in Kaliningrad are preparing breakfast and getting ready for work, others in Vladivostok have already returned home from work and are sitting down to dinner. An equally striking difference temperature conditions between the northern and southern climatic zones, which in the off-season can be up to 30-40 degrees.

What points of our country are considered the most extreme?

If we take into account the continental territory, then the most extreme points will be:

• North: Cape Chelyuskin (Krasnoyarsk Territory).
• East: Cape Dezhnev (Chukotka).
• South: a point that is located just east of Mount Ragdan (Dagestan). It does not appear on geographical maps.
• West: a point not indicated on maps, located on the Baltic Sea coast near Kaliningrad.

If we take into account the island territory, the extreme points, with the exception of the southern one, will be different:

• North: Cape Fligeli on the northernmost island of the Franz Josef Land archipelago.
• East: border post on Ratmanov Island (Chukotka).
• West: border post Normaln (Kaliningrad region).

Which cities are located in close proximity to the most extreme points of our country?

1. North: Pevek (Chukotka).
2. East: Anadyr (Chukotka).
3. South: Derbent (Dagestan).
4. West: Baltiysk (Kaliningrad region).

Let's talk about the extreme points of Russia in more detail:

North

Cape Chelyuskin

East

Cape Dezhnev, the easternmost continental territory of the Russian Federation, was discovered by the Russian traveler Semyon Dezhnev in 1648. The cape is a mountain range on the coast of the Bering Strait. The climate is harsh, the temperature in winter can drop below 40ºC, in summer it usually does not exceed plus 8ºC. Numerous colonies of birds settle on the elephant hills, which abruptly fall into the sea; walruses and seals set up their rookeries on the coastal strip. In spring you can see polar bears here. From Cape Dezhnev it’s a stone’s throw to America - only 86 km separate the easternmost point of Russia from the westernmost edge of America- Prince of Wales Cape. Despite the remoteness from civilization, tourists often come here - adherents of original travel. They are attracted by the brutal beauty of the local nature and local attractions - the ancient wooden cross and a lighthouse-monument to Semyon Dezhnev. Even further east is the island's extreme point - Ratmanov Island, which is washed by the waters of the Bering Strait. The border post is located here. Its employees bear the honorary title of Russians who are the first to celebrate the New Year.

South

The southern outskirts of our country are located near the mountain peak of the Caucasus ridge - Ragdan (4020m). The average annual air temperature here, frankly speaking, is far from southern - only plus 4 °C. Alpine meadows at the foot of the mountain give way to sparse vegetation on its slopes. A rare representative of the animal world lives here - the Caucasian snowcock (leopard)

West

The western outskirts of our state runs along the Baltic Spit - a 65-kilometer strip of land between the Baltic Sea and the Kaliningrad Bay. The spit is divided in the middle by the border with Poland. The westernmost kilometers of the spit are occupied by a border outpost. The Poles turned their part into a real tourist “mecca”, creating a fashionable resort there. Russian territory for a long time was classified and practically abandoned. Lovers of “wild” holidays come here, for whom these places are a great opportunity to escape from civilization. They live here in tents or abandoned buildings without amenities, sacrificing comfort for miles of sandy beaches, healing sea air and unique nature.

February 18, 2014

The grandiose territory of Russia

Russia is rightfully considered the largest country in the world. Here, on its territory, there are three climatic zones and ten natural zones. From east to west, the length of the country is 10 thousand kilometers and 10 time zones.

Russia is the largest state in the world. When in the east they already celebrate New Year, in the western regions the evening of the previous day is just beginning. The extreme eastern point of the country is Cape Dezhnev, located on the Chukotka Peninsula. Here there is an ancient cross and a lighthouse named after the pioneer. Semyon Ivanovich Dezhnev was the first navigator to sail through the Bering Strait. But all the glory, unfortunately, went to Bering, who did it 80 years later. Only 200 years later, a Swedish explorer named the easternmost cape of Russia after Dezhnev. Not far from the cape there is Ratmanov Island, on which there is a mountain range called the Roof, on the slopes where they lived local residents- Eskimos.

The northernmost point of Russia

The western extreme point of Russia is 10 thousand kilometers away from the eastern one and is located in the Kaliningrad region. It is located on the shores of the Baltic Sea. The Kaliningrad region is shared with Russia by the territory of other countries and represents a kind of Russian island among the other Baltic states. Therefore, sometimes it is sometimes not taken into account and they say that the most extreme point of Russia in the west is in the Pskov region at the junction of the borders three countries- Latvia, Russia and Estonia. In determining the extent of the state from east to west, one and the other point should be taken into account.

The northernmost point of Russia is located beyond the Arctic Circle, on the Taimyr Peninsula. It was there that the Great Northern Expedition was created in order to explore the territory of the country. Then the cape was called East Northern, but 100 years later it was named in honor of the famous navigator Semyon Chelyuskin. It is winter on the peninsula almost all year and the snow does not melt at all. Even in the middle of summer, the mercury column in the thermometer does not rise above +1 degrees Celsius. There is a polar meteorological station here, where only 10 people are constantly present. Helicopters provide communication with the mainland. They also deliver food and necessary things here.

Southern point of Russia

In the south, the extreme point of Russia is located on Mount Bazardyuzyu on the border of Azerbaijan and Dagestan. It is more than 3.6 thousand kilometers away from the northern edge. The North Caucasus has beautiful mountains, on the tops of which lie eternal glaciers. Many peoples live there, very fond of their harsh region; they cultivate plots of land suitable for agriculture or raise sheep. According to another version, the southernmost point is located on another mountain called Ragdan. At its foot there is also the southernmost village - Kurush.

Many climbers make their ascents in the Caucasus Mountains. There are many seemingly inaccessible peaks here, the conquest of which gives climbers joy and pride. Russia is the largest country in the world. On its large territory. There is also the tundra, with its permafrost, in which day and night last for six months, and endless steppes and centuries-old taiga. It is in our country that the border between Europe and Asia runs along the Ural Mountains.

Russians can be proud of their country, its mountains and steppes, seas and lakes. Between north and south its length is 4 thousand kilometers. Between west and east - 10 thousand. This territory belongs to all residents of Russia.

The Russian Federation occupies the largest territory of any country in the world. Actually, Russia owns an eighth of all territories in general. Therefore, many are interested in the question of where the extreme points of Russian territory are located.

The answers will be different depending on whether we consider only continental points or any extreme objects. Let's look at both.

The southernmost point of Russia

As for the southernmost point of Russia, it is located on the Eurasian continent and, therefore, is mainland. It is located on the territory of Dagestan, which itself is the southernmost subject of the Russian Federation.

A significant part of the territory of the republic is occupied by the mountains and foothills of the Caucasus, in the north there is a lowland and the Caspian Sea. In the south, Dagestan borders with Azerbaijan, and it is on the border with this country that the southernmost coordinate is located.

Its coordinates are 41°11′07″ north latitude 47°46′54″ east longitude. This southernmost point is located in the mountains at an altitude of about 3500 m, not far from Mount Ragdan.

The southernmost populated area of ​​the Russian Federation is Derbent. The second oldest city in Russia arose back in the 4th millennium BC and was of great strategic importance. In the city you can see amazing architectural monuments, such as the Naryn-Kala fortress.

Northernmost point

The northernmost point of the Russian Federation coincides with the northernmost point of Eurasia. This is Cape Fligeli, which is located on Rudolf Island (Franz Josef Land archipelago). This cape is named after the cartographer who described these places; coordinates of the point are 81°50′35″ north latitude 59°14′22″ east longitude.

And the northernmost mainland point of Russia is Cape Chelyuskin. Located in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, it was first reached by members of the Second Kamchatka Expedition in the mid-18th century and named after navigator S.I. Chelyuskin.

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The climate here is very harsh, winter lasts more than 11 and a half months, frosts reach -52. But still, the climate on Chelyuskin, so to speak, is milder than on Oymyakon, one of the coldest places in the world.

The northernmost city in Russia is Pevek. No one lived here for a long time due to a battle that took place in ancient times, but in the 20th century the natural bay, which made it possible to create a convenient port, and the nearby tin and gold deposits were appreciated. However, the pace of development of Russia’s northernmost city cannot be called fast. The first two-story building in Pevek appeared only in 1942.

The city has an unusual development: each microdistrict, like a wall, is fenced on one side by a tall building. This is protection from the strongest wind, the southerly wind, which suddenly hits the city, reaching hurricane speeds and greatly reducing atmospheric pressure. Yuzhak can last from several hours to two days.

The westernmost point of Russia

In the west, the extreme point of Russia is on the Baltic Spit. This is the Normeln border post, whose coordinates are 54°27′45″ north latitude 19°38′19″ east longitude.

The Baltic Spit is a narrow strip of mainland that separates part of the Gulf of Gdansk. The spit stretches for 65 km, and only part of it (about half) belongs to the Russian Federation, the rest is the territory of Poland.

The westernmost point of Russia is located on the mainland, not far from the city of Kaliningrad (Königsberg), one of the most beautiful cities in Russia. Kaliningrad is a recognized tourist center, it has many amazing architectural monuments and good hotels. The influx of tourists is constrained by the need to have a foreign passport and obtain a visa to travel through the territory of Lithuania.

The westernmost city in Russia is Baltiysk, located near Kaliningrad. It's pretty Big city, which houses the largest Russian Navy base in the Baltic. There is also a train station and a large port.

This city was closed for a long time, so its magnificent nature has remained almost untouched: sandy beaches, pine forests; There are also historical monuments.

The easternmost point of Russia

And the last of the extreme points of the Russian border is the eastern one. This is Ratmanov Island, whose coordinates are 65°47′ north latitude 169°01′ west longitude. It is named after the Russian navigator M.I. Ratmanov and is located in the Bering Strait.

The easternmost point of Russia cannot boast of being crowded: only a border guard base is located here. But there is freedom for the birds: the island has one of the largest bird colonies, where even the buffy hummingbird has been seen. There is also a huge walrus rookery here.

If we talk about the extreme continental points of Russia, then this is Cape Dezhnev. From here to Alaska is only 80 km. There is also freedom here for walruses and numerous species of birds, and in the sea nearby there are whales, killer whales, and seals.

Cape Dezhnev is named after the Russian traveler Semyon Dezhnev, who described these places back in the 17th century. Dezhnev's expedition stopped here, the travelers visited the Eskimos.

Now these places are also inhabited by Eskimos. The population, of course, is small: the climate on Cape Dezhnev is harsh, arctic.

The easternmost city in Russia is Anadyr, which is as much as 6,200 km from Moscow. This is not a very large city in the Chukotka region, which dates back to the end of the 19th century. The climate here is subarctic; Fishery is developed and there is a seaport. Oddly enough, the city has more than once received the award “The Most Comfortable City in Russia.”

Just a few years ago, an astonishing discovery in the field of archeology occurred near Anadyr: scientists discovered a petrified forest, which was attributed to the Upper Paleocene time.

Lowest and highest coordinates

The lowest point in Russia is the bottom of the Caspian Sea. Its depth is -28 m.
The Caspian Sea is sometimes called a lake, but due to its size, as well as the fact that its bed consists of rocks of oceanic origin, it is more often considered a sea.

There are several states on the shores of the Caspian Sea; The Russian coastline is 695 km long.

The highest point in Russia is Mount Elbrus, located in the Caucasus and also the highest point in Europe. Elbrus has a height of 5642 m and is one of the highest mountains in the world.
There are cable cars and alpine shelters on the mountain. Elbrus is loved by climbers all over the world. The mountain is relatively simple, but there are many cracks on it, and the weather conditions are quite difficult, as a result of which up to 20 athletes die here every year. The main cause of accidents is freezing.

For example, ten years ago, almost all members of a group of 12 people froze to death on Elbrus. However, climbers still strive to conquer this peak again and again. After 2010, Elbrus was climbed twice by disabled climbers from Indonesia and Russia.