The most extreme points of Russia. Extreme geographical points of Russia: northern, southern, western and eastern

The extreme point is considered the most distant place in the north, south, west and east, where the state border or the mainland of the country ends. The extremes may be continental or include islands or exclaves. Russia occupies the largest area of any country in the world. Throughout the history of the country, its borders have changed several times. This article presents the most extreme western, eastern, northern, southern geographical points of both the continental part of Russia and taking into account the islands, as well as the most remote cities of the country.

Extreme points of the mainland

Northern point - located on Cape Chelyuskin (77 ° 43 "north latitude), Taimyr. The lands lie beyond the Arctic Circle, winter here lasts practically all year round. There is a meteorological station on the cape; the temporary population does not exceed ten people.
Southern point - located southwest of Mount Bazarduzu, on the border with Azerbaijan (41°13" north latitude). According to another version, Mount Ragdan is closer to the southern point, but it is depicted only on large-scale maps.
Western point - located on the Baltic Spit in the Baltic Sea near the city of Kaliningrad (19°38" east longitude).
Eastern point - located on Cape Dezhnev (169°40" west longitude). The mountain range abruptly ends to the sea. In good weather, from the cape you can see the western shores of Alaska.

Extreme points including islands and other lands

Northern point - Cape Fligeli (81°50"35" north latitude 59°14"22" east longitude). It is located on Rudolf, which is part of the Franz Josef Land archipelago. Harsh weather conditions make the island difficult to visit. There are no villages, camps or border posts here. To mark the extreme point, a wooden cross was erected on the cape in 2003.
Southern point - located southwest of Mount Bazarduzu, on the border with Azerbaijan (41°11"07" north latitude 47°46"54" east longitude). According to another version, Mount Ragdan is closer to the southern point, but it is depicted only on large-scale maps.
Western point - located at the Normeln border post, located on the Baltic Spit in the Kaliningrad region (54°27"45" north latitude 19°38"19" east longitude). The lands border with Poland. No more than a thousand people live on the spit.
Eastern point - located on Ratmanov Island, in the Bering Strait (65°47" north latitude 169°01" west longitude). The state border runs here, and there is a border post on the island itself.

Extreme cities of Russia

Pevek is the northernmost city in the country (69°42" north latitude). It is located in Chukotka. After the collapse of the USSR, the settlement began to rapidly die out; today the number of residents does not exceed five thousand. Summer in the city is short and cold, sometimes there is no time to melt on the hills snow. In winter, the temperature drops to -30°C, and snowstorms often occur.
Derbent, the southernmost city, is located in Dagestan (42°04" north latitude). In addition to its unique geographical location, Derbent stands out for its age. It is the most old town Russia. The settlement attracts with its proximity to the sea, subtropical forest and vineyards. The lighthouse in the city center is considered the southernmost in the country.
Baltiysk is located in the west (19°55" east longitude). It is here that the Baltic Fleet base is located. The city remained closed until beginning of the XXI century. Tourists, in addition to the sea and beaches, are attracted by the unique architecture. Medieval defensive structures have been preserved here: the Pillau citadel, the Stiele fort. Business card Baltiysk - lighthouse.
Anadyr in Chukotka is the easternmost city of Russia (177°30" east longitude). Here short summer, which lasts two and a half months. Winter is cold and hurricane winds are common. Upon arrival, travelers are greeted by houses painted in bright colors. In winter you can see the northern lights in the sky. Among the attractions are the Swan Lake and Elgygytgyn Lake. A unique monument architecture is the Holy Trinity Cathedral.

Extreme permanent settlements

In the north is the urban-type settlement of Dikson, Krasnoyarsk region(73°30" north latitude).
In the south - the village of Kurush, Republic of Dagestan (41°16" north latitude).
In the west - the city of Baltiysk, Kaliningrad region (19°55" east longitude).
In the east - the village of Uelen, Chukotka autonomous region(169°48" west longitude).

Extreme heights of the country

The lowest point in Russia is the level of the Caspian Sea (-28 meters below sea level).
The highest point in the country is the peak of Mount Elbrus (5642 meters above sea level).
The highest point in the Asian part of Russia is

And today we at TravelAsk decided to go around all of Russia... And talk about the most extreme points of the country.

About extreme points

Russia is a very large country; it owns an eighth of all the territories of the planet. Therefore, of course, many are interested in where they are extreme points this territory.

Since the borders of Russia have already changed several times, its extreme geographical points, accordingly, too. In general, they can be divided into mainland or island.

Extreme point in the south

The southernmost point is located approximately 3500 meters above sea level, in Dagestan, two kilometers from Mount Ragdan, on the border with Azerbaijan. Here, by the way, there is still no sign indicating the extreme south of Russia.

The southernmost locality is the city of Derbent. This is one of the oldest cities in Russia, which we will definitely tell about someday.

Extreme point in the north

The extreme northern point of our country - Cape Fligeli - is also the extreme northern point of Eurasia. It is located on Rudolf Island. People rarely come here, because this is one of the most inaccessible places on the planet. So, over the past 25-odd years, very few people have visited here: perhaps during the installation of a 300-kilogram larch cross in 2003, which marks the northernmost point of Russia.

As for the mainland, the extreme place in the north is Cape Chelyuskin in the Krasnoyarsk Territory. It is very cold here and the weather is inhospitable: sometimes there is snow all year round, and the temperature does not rise above zero. That is, imagine, last year’s snow simply does not have time to melt before fresh snow falls.

IN Soviet era Several buildings were built on the cape and a polar station was opened, which is now called the radio meteorological center. People work here, and every year about 8-10 people spend the winter. However, not all of the buildings are in use, and some of them are abandoned. Once there was its own airfield, but all that remains of it is a helipad.

And the northernmost city is harsh Pevek in Chukotka, where winter can last 10 months and even in summer there are sub-zero temperatures. And do you know what is remarkable about Pevek? The rate of population decline)) Imagine, in just 13 years (from 1989 to 2002) the number of residents here has decreased at a record level: from 12 to 5 thousand. More than twice! Well, there are abandoned villages around the city. Now gold is mined here, but previously a tin deposit was developed.

Extreme point in the west

The westernmost point is located in the Kaliningrad region on the Baltic Spit. This is the Normeln border post.

The Baltic Spit stretches along the Gulf of Gdansk, thereby separating the Kaliningrad Bay from it. The nature is truly amazing: after all, the width of this coast in some places hardly exceeds 300 meters. Half of this coast belongs to Poland; it is on this border that the westernmost point of Russia is located.

Well, the westernmost settlement is Baltiysk. Since the Russian Navy is stationed here in the Baltic Sea, the city was closed to visitors for a long time. This contributed to the preservation of the unique nature of these places.

Extreme point in the east

The easternmost point of Russia is located on Ratmanov Island. There is no one here except the border guards. Well, like no one else) A huge number of birds (there is even a buffy hummingbird!) and walruses don’t count. And from here it’s only 4 kilometers to the United States, or more precisely to Kruzenshtern Island, which belongs to the States. It’s just a stone’s throw away)) Or take a boat ride)

By the way, negotiations have been held several times to build a tunnel through Ratmanov Island, which will connect Eurasia and America.

Well, on the mainland the most extreme point is Cape Dezhnev. On its territory there are Eskimo settlements, and in general, in these harsh places there is definitely something to see. Thus, the cape is favored by walruses, seals and many birds, and near the shores you can see humpback whales and killer whales. Such a wild and untouched place...

And there is also the abandoned whalers’ village of Naukan. AND archaeological site Ekven, where there are more than 2 thousand burials and a settlement from the 1st millennium BC is partially preserved. In short, all lovers of brutal recreation will be interested.

Well, the easternmost city in Russia is Anadyr. And many will probably be surprised that the city has been repeatedly nominated for the title of “The Most Comfortable City in Russia” and even won prizes.

Highest and lowest point

Well, if we are talking about extremes, then, of course, how can we not talk about the lowest point in Russia - this is the shore of the Caspian Sea, which is 28 meters below the level of the World Ocean. By the way, we have already talked about this reservoir here.

Well, the highest point in Russia is Elbrus. It is located at an altitude of 5642 meters above sea level, we also talked about it earlier.

Russia is located in the north of the Eurasian continent, occupying about a third of its territory (31.5%). The extreme northern and eastern points of the continent are also the extreme points of Russia. The country is located in two parts of the world and occupies the eastern sector of Europe and the northern part of Asia. Russia is washed by the seas of three oceans: the Atlantic, Arctic and Pacific.
The border between Europe and Asia within Russia is drawn along Ural mountains and along the Kuma-Manych depression. Only a little more than 1/5 of the country's area belongs to Europe (about 22%). At the same time, it is often under European territory Russia means the entire territory lying west of the Urals (about 23% of the area). In any case, the Asian part of Russia accounts for over 3/4 of the country's territory. The 180th meridian passes through Wrangel Island and Chukotka, therefore, the eastern outskirts of Russia lies in the Western Hemisphere. The geographical center of Russia is located in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, Evenki Autonomous Okrug on Lake Vivi. The center of Asia is located in Tuva, near Kyzyl.
The Russian Federation is the largest state in the world in terms of territory; the country's area is 17 million 75 thousand 400 km2 (one eighth of the world's territory). The area of Russia is 1.7 times more area Europe and 1.8 times the area of the United States, 2 times the area of the People's Republic of China and 29 times the area of the largest European state - Ukraine.

Northernmost point
The northernmost point of Russia on the mainland is located far beyond the Arctic Circle at Cape Chelyuskin (77° 43" N).
Cape Chelyuskin, which is the northernmost point of the Taimyr Peninsula and the Eurasian mainland, was first reached by man in 1742. Then the expedition led by Semyon Ivanovich Chelyuskin named the cape East-Northern. It took place as part of the Great Northern Expedition, which was approved by the Admiralty Board, which believed that it was necessary to explore in detail the north of Russia from Pechora to Chukotka and make a description of those places. In honor of Semyon Chelyuskin, a polar navigator and explorer of the north of Russia, the cape was named already in 1842, when the centenary of his expedition was celebrated.

Chelyuskin’s travel journal, in which he shares his impressions of his dog sledding journey, the hard way, done by him with his comrades, and their arrival at the cape, is still kept in St. Petersburg, in the archive navy.
The northernmost point of the Taimyr Peninsula has a harsh climate. Winter here lasts all year round, the snow practically never melts, and the temperature in July and August usually does not exceed +1C°.
The second person to visit this cape was geologists and geographer from Sweden Nils Nordenskiöld. The third was the Norwegian Fridtjof Nansen, who on September 9, 1893 sailed past Cape Chelyuskin in a heavy snowstorm on the ship Fram.

Currently, the station is called a radio meteorological center, where from 8 to 10 people spend the winter. A number of residential buildings and scientific pavilions were built. Some buildings are abandoned and not in use. The northernmost airfield of continental Eurasia, “Cape Chelyuskin,” is also located here, which is serviced by the Khatanga United Aviation Enterprise. All that remains of the airfield is a helipad, maintained by the military.
In 1932, a polar station was established on the cape, to which an observatory was later added. Now the station has been transferred to meteorological status. About 10 people constantly spend the winter there. Communication with the mainland and civilization is provided by the Cape Chelyuskin airfield with a helipad.

And one more island point: Cape Fligeli on Rudolf Island in the Franz Josef Land archipelago is located even further north - 81° 49" N, the distance from Cape Fligeli to the North Pole is only 900 km.
Rudolf Island is the northernmost of the Franz Josef Land islands. Cape Fligeli on the island is the northernmost point of land, belonging to Russian Federation, at the same time the northernmost point of Europe. The island is administratively owned Arkhangelsk region. Area 297 km?. Almost completely covered by a glacier.

The island, like the entire Franz Josef Archipelago, was discovered in 1873 by the Austro-Hungarian expedition of explorer J. Payer, and was named after Rudolf, Crown Prince of Austria. In 1936, the base of the first Soviet air expedition to the North Pole was established on the island. From there, in May 1937, four heavy four-engine ANT-6 aircraft brought the Papaninites to the top of the world.
The meteorological station on Rudolf Island was opened in August 1932 as part of the Second International Polar Year program. For the first wintering, 4 people remained, led by N.F. Balabin. A year later, the station was mothballed, and work continued again in the summer of 1936. Initially, the station was equipped as a base for the 1937 air expedition to the North Pole. Airfields were equipped near the station and on the ice dome of the island. In the period from April 1942 to 1947, it was again mothballed. Last period works 1947-1995.

Southernmost point
According to the first version, the extreme southern point is located southwest of Mount Bazardyuzyu in the eastern part of the Main, or Watershed, ridge of the Greater Caucasus, on the border of Dagestan and Azerbaijan. The latitude of the point is 41° 11" N. The distance between the extreme northern and southern points exceeds 40° along the meridian, and the northern continental point is 36.5° away from the southern one. This is just over 4 thousand km.

All reference books indicate Bazardyuzyu (4,466 m*) - the highest of the mountain peaks of the Republic of Dagestan and neighboring Azerbaijan. 41°13′16″ n. w. 47°51′29″ E. d.

However, there is another version: The extreme southern bend of the border between the Russian Federation and Azerbaijan is located several kilometers southwest of the Bazardyuzyu peak. Closer to the southern point of Russia is Mount Ragdan (41°12" N). And the village of Kurush is the southernmost populated area....

The peak on the left is Bazarduzu, on the right is Ragdan

The Usukhchaya Valley is unique in terms of possessing the epithets “most”, “most”, “most”. Here is the easternmost glacier of Dagestan - Tikhitsar. And the southernmost glacier of Dagestan and Russia, Charyn, also lies in the river basin. Next to the Charyn glacier rises Mount Ragdan - the southernmost point of the Russian Federation. One of the longest and highest rock walls of the Caucasus is the Western Wall of Erydag - the pride of our wall climbers. Finally, the highest peak of Dagestan - Bazarduzi (4466 m) is also adjacent to the Usukhchaya valley. One more thing can be noted natural phenomenon valleys. From the ridge of Erydag, the Charaur waterfall, the highest in Dagestan, falls to a depth of 300 meters.

Closer to the southern point of Russia is Mount Ragdan (41°12" N), but it can only be found on large-scale maps.
This extent of the territory from north to south, combined with the latitudinal position, determines the uneven supply of heat to the surface of the country and the formation within its borders of three climatic zones (Arctic, subarctic and temperate) and ten natural areas(from arctic deserts to temperate deserts). The main part of Russia's territory is located between 70 and 50° N. latitude. About 20% of the territory lies beyond the Arctic Circle. The area of the Northern regions is 10 million km2; in this respect, only Canada can serve as an analogue.

Westernmost point
The extreme western point of Russia is located in the Kaliningrad region on the sandy Baltic spit of the Gdansk Bay of the Baltic Sea at 19° 38" 30" east. But due to the fact that the Kaliningrad region is separated from the rest of Russia by the territory of other states and is an enclave, the extreme western point has turned into a kind of “island” point.

They also call the western point of the compact part of Russia, that is, without taking into account the Kaliningrad region, - in the Pskov region, just north of the junction of the borders of Estonia, Latvia and Russia (27 ° 17 "E).

Easternmost point
The easternmost point of Russia on the mainland is located at Cape Dezhnev (169° 40" W) - Ratmanov Island in the Bering Strait is located even further east - 169° 02" W.

Cape Dezhnev, one of the most brutal places on the Chukotka Peninsula. Here the rocks are piled one on top of the other, there is often fog and a piercing wind constantly blows. From this point to the extreme western point of America - Cape Prince of Wales - 86 kilometers.
Despite the remoteness from civilization, these places have attractions. Lighthouse named after Semyon Dezhnev and antique cross, installed nearby, the abandoned whaling village of the 18th-20th centuries - Naukan (it was disbanded during Soviet power). However, those who climb to these regions come to see the unique fauna: there are countless bird colonies here, there is a walrus and seal rookery, and in the spring you can see polar bears with cubs. Sometimes killer whales and gray whales swim very close to the shore.

Semyon Ivanovich Dezhnev in 1648 circumnavigated the Chukotka Peninsula from the north and proved that it was possible to get from Europe to China through the northern seas. He passed through the strait separating America from Eurasia 80 years earlier than Vitus Bering, but little was known about Russian pioneers in the Old World. Therefore, the glory went to Bering. However, in 1879, restoring justice, the Swedish Arctic explorer Nils Nordenskiöld named the extreme eastern point of Eurasia, Cape Dezhnev, after the Russian navigator. Until this time, the cape was called Vostochny.
How to get there: the nearest village of Uelen is located 10 kilometers from Cape Dezhnev, and the nearest airport is in Provideniya Bay, where planes fly from Anadyr.

Ratmanova Island has irregular shape(approximately 9 km long, 5 km wide) and an area of about 10 square meters. km; It's practically a large rock with a flat top. Just 4 km 160 m away is Kruzenshtern Island (formerly Little Diomede), with an area of about 5 square meters. km, which belongs to the USA. There is also Fairway Rock. The name Diomede was given to this archipelago by Vitus Bering, who approached the big island August 16, 1728, Saint Diomede's Day. But even before this name, Ratmanov Island already had a name - Imaklik (translated from Eskimo - “surrounded by water”), which was given to it by the Eskimos who lived on it for more than two thousand years. By the way, the Eskimos called Krusenstern Island (formerly Little Diomede) Ingalik, which means “opposite”.
The story of the island being named after Ratmanov is as follows. In 1816, the famous navigator Otto Kotzebue, while exploring the Bering Strait, mistakenly counted not three islands in the Diomede archipelago (as had been shown on the map since 1732), but four islands. He decided to give the “newly discovered” island the name of his colleague, naval officer Makar Ratmanov, with whom he took part in round the world expedition a few years earlier. When the error was discovered, they decided to leave Ratmanov’s name on the map, and from the middle of the 19th century, Big Diomede changed its name.

Western (large) - Ratmanov Island

The island is like a gable roof, with an extensive, gentler northern slope. From south to north, as if bending it in the middle, a river with marshy banks flows, and closer to the raised edges scatterings of bare stones and bizarre outcrops begin. The southern slope is smaller, but steeper. The remains on it are more numerous and the steep banks are higher. The junction of both slopes forms a small ridge, the highest point of which is called Mount Roof. The island occupies a key position on the border between Asia and North America and two oceans - the Pacific and the Arctic. It overlooks a huge water area. For tens of kilometers to the west, north and east, it is easy to trace the movements of marine animals and the flights of birds.
The islands were inhabited by brave Inupik Eskimo sailors. Barter trade between Asian and American Eskimos took place through them; they were at the center of all events in the Northern Bering Sea and, creating their own culture, took a lot from cultural traditions, already existing on both continents. In 1948, with the beginning cold war between the USSR and the USA, the inhabitants of the island were resettled to the mainland.

Now there is a Russian border outpost on Ratmanov Island. On Krusenstern Island there is a village with a population of 600 people. The Russian-American border, as well as the international date line, runs between these islands. Getting to Ratmanov Island is not just difficult, but extremely difficult. And not only because this is actually a state border, but also due to weather conditions - 300 days a year the island is shrouded in thick fog. Most shortcut: from Anadyr by helicopter via St. Lawrence. But this is only after receiving permission from the SVRPU. But it's worth it!
The distance between the western and eastern outskirts of Russia is 171° 20" or almost 10 thousand km. With the enormous extent of the territory from west to east, the degree of continentality of the climate changes, which entails the manifestation of sectoral changes in nature. There are 10 time zones within the Russian Federation The highest point in Russia is Mount Elbrus (5642 m), located in the Karachay-Cherkess Republic on the border with the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. The lowest absolute height is noted in the Caspian depression (- 28 m).

January 22nd, 2013

We continue to study interesting topics. This is what he writes to us aleks18771

“You could make a series about the extreme points of Russia. For example, finding the eastern and western ones is not difficult.
No one knows where the Southern hike is. In any case, no one really writes on the Internet yet."

Well, let's go look for points..

The border between Europe and Asia within Russia is drawn along the Ural Mountains and along the Kuma-Manych depression. Only a little more than 1/5 of the country's area belongs to Europe (about 22%). Moreover, the European territory of Russia often means the entire territory lying west of the Urals (about 23% of the area). In any case, the Asian part of Russia accounts for over 3/4 of the country's territory. The 180th meridian passes through Wrangel Island and Chukotka, therefore, the eastern outskirts of Russia lies in the Western Hemisphere. The geographical center of Russia is located in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, Evenki Autonomous Okrug on Lake Vivi. The center of Asia is located in Tuva, near Kyzyl.

The Russian Federation is the largest state in the world in terms of territory; the country's area is 17 million 75 thousand 400 km2 (one eighth of the world's territory). The area of Russia is 1.7 times larger than the area of Europe and 1.8 times larger than the area of the United States, 2 times larger than the area of the People's Republic of China and 29 times larger than the area of the largest European state - Ukraine.

Northernmost point

The northernmost point of Russia on the mainland is located far beyond the Arctic Circle at Cape Chelyuskin (77° 43" N).

Cape Chelyuskin, which is the northernmost point of the Taimyr Peninsula and the Eurasian mainland, was first reached by man in 1742. Then the expedition led by Semyon Ivanovich Chelyuskin named the cape East-Northern. It took place as part of the Great Northern Expedition, which was approved by the Admiralty Board, which believed that it was necessary to explore in detail the north of Russia from Pechora to Chukotka and make a description of those places. In honor of Semyon Chelyuskin, a polar navigator and explorer of the north of Russia, the cape was named already in 1842, when the centenary of his expedition was celebrated.

Chelyuskin's travel journal, in which he shares his impressions of his dog sled journey, the difficult journey he made with his comrades, and their arrival at the Cape, is still kept in St. Petersburg, in the archives of the navy.

The northernmost point of the Taimyr Peninsula has a harsh climate. Winter here lasts all year round, the snow practically never melts, and the temperature in July and August usually does not exceed +1C°.

The second person to visit this cape was geologists and geographer from Sweden Nils Nordenskiöld. The third was the Norwegian Fridtjof Nansen, who on September 9, 1893 sailed past Cape Chelyuskin in a heavy snowstorm on the ship Fram.

In 1932, a polar station was established on the cape, to which an observatory was later added. Now the station has been transferred to meteorological status. About 10 people constantly spend the winter there. Communication with the mainland and civilization is provided by the Cape Chelyuskin airfield with a helipad.

Rudolf Island is the northernmost of the Franz Josef Land islands. Cape Fligeli on the island is the northernmost point of land belonging to the Russian Federation, at the same time the northernmost point of Europe. The island administratively belongs to the Arkhangelsk region. Area 297 km². Almost completely covered by a glacier.

The meteorological station on Rudolf Island was opened in August 1932 as part of the Second International Polar Year program. For the first wintering, 4 people remained, led by N.F. Balabin. A year later, the station was mothballed, and work continued again in the summer of 1936. Initially, the station was equipped as a base for the 1937 air expedition to the North Pole. Airfields were equipped near the station and on the ice dome of the island. In the period from April 1942 to 1947, it was again mothballed. The last period of work was 1947-1995.

Southernmost point

According to the first version, the extreme southern point is located southwest of Mount Bazardyuzyu in the eastern part of the Main, or Watershed, ridge of the Greater Caucasus, on the border of Dagestan and Azerbaijan. The latitude of the point is 41° 11" N. The distance between the extreme northern and southern points exceeds 40° along the meridian, and the northern continental point is 36.5° away from the southern one. This is just over 4 thousand km.

All reference books indicate that Bazardyuzyu (4,466 m*) is the highest of the mountain peaks of the Republic of Dagestan and neighboring Azerbaijan. 41°13′16″ n. w. 47°51′29″ E. d.

The peak on the left is Bazarduzu, on the right is Ragdan

The Usukhchaya Valley is unique in terms of possessing the epithets “most”, “most”, “most”. Here is the easternmost glacier of Dagestan - Tikhitsar. And the southernmost glacier of Dagestan and Russia, Charyn, also lies in the river basin. Next to the Charyn glacier rises Mount Ragdan, the southernmost point of the Russian Federation. One of the longest and highest rock walls of the Caucasus is the Western Wall of Erydag - the pride of our wall climbers. Finally, the highest peak of Dagestan - Bazarduzi (4466 m) is also adjacent to the Usukhchaya valley. One more natural phenomenon of the valley can be noted. From the ridge of Erydag, the Charaur waterfall, the highest in Dagestan, falls to a depth of 300 meters.

Closer to the southern point of Russia is Mount Ragdan (41°12" N), but it can only be found on large-scale maps.

This extent of the territory from north to south, combined with the latitudinal position, determines the uneven supply of heat to the surface of the country and the formation within its borders of three climatic zones (Arctic, subarctic and temperate) and ten natural zones (from Arctic deserts to temperate deserts). The main part of Russia's territory is located between 70 and 50° N. latitude. About 20% of the territory lies beyond the Arctic Circle. The area of the Northern regions is 10 million km2; in this respect, only Canada can serve as an analogue.

Westernmost point

The extreme western point of Russia is located in the Kaliningrad region on the sandy Baltic spit of the Gdansk Bay of the Baltic Sea at 19° 38" 30" east. But due to the fact that the Kaliningrad region is separated from the rest of Russia by the territory of other states and is an enclave, the extreme western point has turned into a kind of “island” point.

Easternmost point

The easternmost point of Russia on the mainland is located at Cape Dezhnev (169° 40" W) - Ratmanov Island in the Bering Strait is located even further east - 169° 02" W.

Despite the remoteness from civilization, these places have attractions. The lighthouse named after Semyon Dezhnev and an ancient cross installed nearby, an abandoned whaling village of the 18th-20th centuries - Naukan (it was disbanded under Soviet rule). However, those who climb to these regions come to see the unique fauna: there are countless bird colonies here, there is a walrus and seal rookery, and in the spring you can see polar bears with cubs. Sometimes killer whales and gray whales swim very close to the shore.

Semyon Ivanovich Dezhnev in 1648 circumnavigated the Chukotka Peninsula from the north and proved that it was possible to get from Europe to China through the northern seas. He passed through the strait separating America from Eurasia 80 years earlier than Vitus Bering, but little was known about Russian pioneers in the Old World. Therefore, the glory went to Bering.
However, in 1879, restoring justice, the Swedish Arctic explorer Nils Nordenskiöld named the extreme eastern point of Eurasia - Cape Dezhnev, after the Russian navigator. Until this time, the cape was called Vostochny.

How to get there: the nearest village of Uelen is located 10 kilometers from Cape Dezhnev, and the nearest airport is in Provideniya Bay, where planes fly from Anadyr.

Ratmanova Island has an irregular shape (about 9 km long, 5 km wide) and an area of about 10 square meters. km; It's practically a large rock with a flat top. Just 4 km 160 m away is Kruzenshtern Island (formerly Little Diomede), with an area of about 5 square meters. km, which belongs to the USA. There is also Fairway Rock. The name Diomede was given to this archipelago by Vitus Bering, who approached the large island on the boat “Saint Gabriel” on August 16, 1728, the day of Saint Diomede. But even before this name, Ratmanov Island already had a name - Imaklik (translated from Eskimo - “surrounded by water”), which was given to it by the Eskimos who lived on it for more than two thousand years. By the way, the Eskimos called Krusenstern Island (formerly Little Diomede) Ingalik, which means “opposite”.

The story of the island being named after Ratmanov is as follows. In 1816, the famous navigator Otto Kotzebue, while exploring the Bering Strait, mistakenly counted not three islands in the Diomede archipelago (as had been shown on the map since 1732), but four islands. He decided to give the “newly discovered” island the name of his colleague, naval officer Makar Ratmanov, with whom he took part in a round-the-world expedition several years earlier. When the error was discovered, they decided to leave Ratmanov’s name on the map, and from the middle of the 19th century, Big Diomede changed its name.

Western (large) - Ratmanov Island

The islands were inhabited by brave Inupik Eskimo sailors. Barter trade between Asian and American Eskimos took place through them; they were at the center of all events in the Northern Bering Sea and, creating their own culture, adopted a lot from the cultural traditions that already existed on both continents. In 1948, with the outbreak of the Cold War between the USSR and the USA, the inhabitants of the island were resettled to the mainland.

The distance between the western and eastern outskirts of Russia is 171° 20" or almost 10 thousand km. With the enormous extent of the territory from west to east, the degree of continentality of the climate changes, which entails the manifestation of sectoral changes in nature. There are 10 time zones within the Russian Federation .
The highest point in Russia is Mount Elbrus (5642 m), located in the Karachay-Cherkess Republic on the border with the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. The lowest absolute height was noted in the Caspian depression (-28 m).

So we walked around our Motherland Russia :-)

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