In the image of Manilov, Gogol begins the gallery of landowners. Typical characters appear before us. Each portrait created by Gogol, in his words, “collects the features of those who consider themselves better than others.” Already in the description of Manilov’s village and estate, the essence of his character is revealed. The house is located on a very unfavorable location, open to all winds. The village makes a wretched impression, since Manilov does not do any farming at all. Pretentiousness and sweetness are revealed not only in the portrait of Manilov, not only in his manners, but also in the fact that he calls the rickety gazebo “a temple of solitary reflection”, and gives the children the names of the heroes Ancient Greece. The essence of Manilov's character is complete idleness. Lying on the sofa, he indulges in dreams, fruitless and fantastic, which he will never be able to realize, since any work, any activity is alien to him. His peasants live in poverty, the house is in disarray, and he dreams of how nice it would be to build a stone bridge across the pond or an underground passage from the house. He speaks favorably of everyone, everyone is most respectful and kind to him. But not because he loves people and is interested in them, but because he likes to live carefree and comfortable. About Manilov, the author says: “There is a kind of people known by the name: so-so people, neither this nor that, neither in the city of Bogdan, nor in the village of Selifan, according to the proverb.” Thus, the author makes it clear that the image of Manilov is typical of his time. It is from the combination of such qualities that the concept of “Manilovism” comes from.
The next image in the gallery of landowners is the image of Korobochka. If Manilov is a wasteful landowner whose inactivity leads to complete ruin, then Korobochka can be called a hoarder, since hoarding is her passion. She owns a subsistence farm and sells everything it contains: lard, bird feather, serfs. Everything in her house is done the old fashioned way. She carefully stores her things and saves money, putting them in bags. Everything goes into her business. In the same chapter, the author pays much attention to Chichikov’s behavior, focusing on the fact that Chichikov behaves simpler and more casually with Korobochka than with Manilov. This phenomenon is typical of Russian reality, and, proving this, the author gives lyrical digression about the transformation of Prometheus into a fly. Korobochka's nature is especially clearly revealed in the buying and selling scene. She is very afraid of selling herself short and even makes an assumption, which she herself is afraid of: “what if the dead will be useful to her in her household?” . It turns out that Korobochka’s stupidity, her “club-headedness” is not such a rare phenomenon.
Next in the gallery of landowners is Nozdryov. A carouser, a gambler, a drunkard, a liar and a brawler - here a brief description of Nozdreva. This is a person, as the author writes, who had a passion “to spoil his neighbor, and for no reason at all.” Gogol claims that the Nozdryovs are typical of Russian society: “The Nozdryovs will not be removed from the world for a long time. They are everywhere between us...” Nozdrev’s chaotic nature is reflected in the interior of his rooms. Part of the house is being renovated, the furniture is arranged haphazardly, but the owner doesn’t care about all this. He shows the guests a stable, in which there are two mares, a stallion and a goat. Then he boasts about the wolf cub, which he keeps at home for unknown reasons. Nozdryov's dinner was poorly prepared, but there was plenty of alcohol. An attempt to buy dead souls almost ends tragically for Chichikov. Together with dead souls Nozdryov wants to sell him a stallion or a barrel organ, and then offers to play checkers on dead peasants. When Chichikov is outraged by the unfair play, Nozdryov calls the servants to beat the intractable guest. Only the appearance of the police captain saves Chichikov.
The image of Sobakevich occupies a worthy place in the gallery of landowners. "Fist! And a beast to boot,” was the description Chichikov gave him. Sobakevich is undoubtedly a hoarding landowner. His village is large and well-equipped. All the buildings, although clumsy, are extremely strong. Sobakevich himself reminded Chichikov average size bear - big, clumsy. In the portrait of Sobakevich there is no description at all of the eyes, which, as is known, are the mirror of the soul. Gogol wants to show that Sobakevich is so rude and uncouth that his body “had no soul at all.” In Sobakevich’s rooms everything is as clumsy and large as he himself. The table, armchair, chairs and even the blackbird in the cage seemed to be saying: “And I, too, are Sobakevich.” Sobakevich takes Chichikov’s request calmly, but demands 100 rubles for each dead soul, and even praises his goods like a merchant. Speaking about the typicality of such an image, Gogol emphasizes that people like Sobakevich are found everywhere - in the provinces and in the capital. After all, the point is not in appearance, but in human nature: “no, whoever is a fist cannot bend into a palm.” Rude and uncouth Sobakevich is the ruler over his peasants. What if someone like that were to rise higher and give him more power? How much trouble he could do! After all, he adheres to a strictly defined opinion about people: “A swindler sits on a swindler and drives the swindler around.”
The last in the gallery of landowners is Plyushkin. Gogol assigns this place to him, since Plyushkin is the result of the idle life of a person living off the labor of others. “This landowner has more than a thousand souls,” but he looks like the last beggar. He has become a parody of a person, and Chichikov does not even immediately understand who is standing in front of him - “a man or a woman.” But there were times when Plyushkin was a thrifty, wealthy owner. But his insatiable passion for profit and acquisition leads him to complete collapse: he has lost his real understanding of objects, has ceased to distinguish between what is necessary and what is unnecessary. He destroys grain, flour, cloth, but saves a piece of stale Easter cake that his daughter brought a long time ago. Using the example of Plyushkin, the author shows us the collapse human personality. A pile of rubbish in the middle of the room symbolizes Plyushkin’s life. This is what he has become, this is what the spiritual death of a person means.
Plyushkin considers the peasants to be thieves and swindlers, and starves them. After all, reason has not guided his actions for a long time. Even to the only one to a loved one, to his daughter, Plyushkin has no paternal affection.
So sequentially, from hero to hero, Gogol reveals one of the most tragic sides of Russian reality. He shows how, under the influence of serfdom, the humanity in a person perishes. “My heroes follow one after another, one more vulgar than the other.” That is why it is fair to assume that, when giving the title to his poem, the author did not mean the souls of dead peasants, but the dead souls of landowners. After all, each image reveals one of the varieties of spiritual death. Each of the images is no exception, since their moral ugliness is formed social order, social environment. These images reflect signs of spiritual degeneration landed nobility and universal human vices.
description of landowners in dead souls
- Images of landowners in Dead Souls
Poem by N.V. Gogol Dead Souls greatest work world literature. In the death of the souls of the characters of landowners, officials, and Chichikov, the writer sees the tragic death of humanity, the sad movement of history in a vicious circle.
Dead Plot souls (the sequence of Chichikov’s meetings with landowners) reflects Gogol’s ideas about the possible degrees of human degradation. My heroes follow one after another, one more vulgar than the other, the writer noted. In fact, if Manilov still retains some attractiveness, then Plyushkin, who closes the gallery of feudal landowners, is already openly called a hole in humanity.
Creating the images of Manilov, Korobochka, Nozdryov, Sobakevich, Plyushkin, the writer resorts to general techniques realistic typification (image of a village, a manor house, a portrait of the owner, an office, a conversation about city officials and dead souls). If necessary, a biography of the character is also given.
The image of Manilov captures the type of idle, dreamer, romantic slacker. The landowner's economy is in complete decline. The master's house stood on the south, that is, on a hill, open to all the winds that might blow... The housekeeper was stealing, the kitchen was cooking stupidly and uselessly, the pantry was empty, the servants were unclean and drunkards. Meanwhile, a gazebo with a flat green dome, wooden blue columns and the inscription: Temple of Solitary Reflection was erected. Manilov's dreams are absurd and absurd. Sometimes... he talked about how good it would be if suddenly an underground passage was built from the house or a stone bridge was built across the pond... Gogol shows that Manilov is vulgar and empty, he has no real spiritual interests. In his office there was always some kind of book, bookmarked on page fourteen, which he had been constantly reading for two years. vulgarity family life(relationships with his wife, education of Alcides and Themistoclus), the sugary sweetness of speech (May Day, name day of the heart) confirm insight portrait characteristics character. In the first minute of conversation with him you can’t help but say: How nice and a kind person! In the next minute of the conversation you won’t say anything, but in the third you’ll say: The devil knows what it is! and you will move away; If you don’t leave, you will feel mortal boredom. Gogol with amazing artistic power shows the deadness of Manilov, the worthlessness of his life. Behind the external attractiveness lies a spiritual emptiness.
The image of the hoarder Korobochka is already devoid of those attractive features that distinguish Manilov. And again, before us is a type of one of those mothers, small landowners who... collect little money into colorful bags placed in dresser drawers. Korobochka's interests are entirely concentrated on farming. The strong-browed and club-headed Nastasya Petrovna is afraid to sell things short by selling Chichikov is dead souls. The silent scene that appears in this chapter is curious. We find similar scenes in almost all chapters showing the conclusion of Chichikov’s deal with another landowner. This is special artistic technique, a kind of temporary stop of action, which makes it possible to show with particular salience the spiritual emptiness of Pavel Ivanovich and his interlocutors. At the end of the third chapter, Gogol talks about the typicality of the image of Korobochka, about the insignificant difference between her and another aristocratic lady. - LandownerAppearanceEstateCharacteristicsAttitude to Chichikov's request
Manilov The man is not yet old, his eyes are as sweet as sugar. But there was too much sugar. In the first minute of a conversation with him you’ll say what a nice person he is, a minute later you won’t say anything, and in the third minute you’ll think: The devil knows what this is! The master's house stands on a hill, open to all winds. The economy is in complete decline. The housekeeper steals, there is always something missing in the house. Cooking in the kitchen is a mess. Servants of a drunkard. Against the backdrop of all this decline, the gazebo with the name Temple of Solitary Reflection looks strange. The Manilov couple love to kiss, give each other cute trinkets (a toothpick in a case), but at the same time they absolutely do not care about home improvement. About people like Manilov, Gogol says: The man is so-so, neither in the city of Bogdan, nor in the village of Selifan. The man is empty and vulgar. For two years now, there has been a book in his office with a bookmark on page 14, which he constantly reads. Dreams are fruitless. The speech is cloying and sugary (name day of the heart) I was surprised. He understands that this request is illegal, but cannot refuse such a pleasant person. He agrees to give the peasants away for free. He doesn’t even know how many souls he has died.
BoxAn elderly woman, in a cap, with a flannel around her neck. A small house, the wallpaper in the house is old, the mirrors are antique. Nothing is lost on the farm, as evidenced by the net on the fruit trees and the cap on the scarecrow. She taught everyone to be orderly. The yard is full of birds, the garden is well-kept. Peasant huts Although they were built randomly, they show the contentment of the inhabitants and are maintained properly. Korobochka knows everything about her peasants, does not keep any notes and remembers the names of the dead by heart. Economical and practical, she knows the value of a penny. Club-headed, clueless, stingy. This is the image of a hoarding landowner. He wonders why Chichikov needs this. Afraid of selling out. Knows exactly how many peasants died (18 souls). He looks at dead souls the same way as he looks at lard or hemp: in case they come in handy on the farm.
The nostrils are fresh, like blood and milk, bursting with health. Average height, well built. At thirty-five he looks the same as he did at eighteen. A stable with two horses. The kennel is in excellent condition, where Nozdrv feels like the father of the family. There are no usual things in the office: books, paper. And hanging there is a saber, two guns, a barrel organ, pipes, and daggers. The lands are unkempt. The farming went on by itself, since the main concern of the hero was hunting and fairs, and there was no time for farming. The repairs in the house are not completed, the stalls are empty, the barrel organ is faulty, the chaise is lost. The situation of the serfs, from whom he extracts everything he can, is deplorable. Gogol calls Nozdrva historical person, because not a single meeting at which Nozdrv appeared was complete without a story. He is reputed to be a good comrade, but is always ready to harm his friend. A broken fellow, a reckless reveler, a card player, he likes to lie, he spends money thoughtlessly. Rudeness, blatant lies, and recklessness are reflected in his fragmentary speech. While talking, he constantly jumps from one subject to another, uses swear words: you're such a jerk for this, such rubbish. From him, a reckless reveler, it seemed that it was easiest to get dead souls, and yet he was the only one who left Chichikov with nothing.
Sobakevich Looks like a bear. Bear-colored tailcoat. The complexion is scalding and hot. Big village, awkward house. The stable, barn, and kitchen are built from massive logs. The portraits that hang in the rooms depict heroes with thick thighs and incredible mustaches. A walnut bureau on four legs looks ridiculous. Sobakevich’s economy developed according to the principle of a wrong cut, but a tightly sewn, solid, strong one. And he doesn’t ruin his peasants: his men live in miraculously cut down huts that had everything
In 1841 N.V. Gogol shocked his contemporaries with his prose poem “Dead Souls.” There is still debate among critics and readers. Someone like P.A. Vyazemsky believes that the novel was conceived as an analogue of " Divine Comedy"Dante in three volumes. Others are of the opinion that Gogol wrote the Russian Odyssey. But everyone unanimously recognizes the work as genius.
Images of landowners are the key theme of the novel. Each of these heroes is unique in their own way. And they all personify certain human vices. N.V. Gogol seems to deliberately place a gallery of images in front of the reader. From Manilov, the most harmless in his vulgarity. Plyushkina, horrifying in his degradation.
Manilov is perhaps the most beloved by the reader. This is a character with a very Russian character. His speeches are sweet, flattering, and his dreams beckon. The estate is located on a hill, but getting to it is not easy. Instead of the promised 15 miles in a straight line, you have to drive more than 40 along a winding road.
The estate is in disrepair, peasant households and farms are in decline. The landowner does not personally handle the affairs, entrusting them to the drunkard manager. Servants are in charge of raising children. The furniture was covered with expensive and fashionable cloth, but there was not enough for everything. The Manilov couple love each other very much and always feed each other tasty morsels by hand. At first glance, everything is beautiful and sweet. But after staying in the estate for half an hour, I want to escape.
The hero's speech is sweet and cloying. He's lazy. All he does is make unrealistic plans for a future that will not exist. On his desk lies a dusty book, always open to the same page.
Manilov is surprised by Chichikov's unusual proposal to sell dead peasants. At first he thinks that he misunderstood, because he considers his interlocutor to be much smarter than himself. He doesn’t know how many souls he has died, and the clerk also doesn’t know the exact number. Out of fear of the authorities, he inquires about the legality of the enterprise. After which he does not take money for souls and is ready to take on all the costs of completing the transaction himself. He is pleased to do a favor for Chichikov, such a pleasant person.
Next, the greedy and old Korobochka appears to the reader’s gaze. The widow is economical and stingy. All she is interested in is profit and accumulation. She trades in goods produced by peasants. That's why all the talk is about hemp and lard. The estate is small, only 80 souls. The box knows for sure that 18 died. The owner is suspicious, she definitely needs to know why dead souls are needed. After all, they may come in handy yourself. Chichikov spends a lot of time on persuasion before concluding a deal.
Nozdryov is a very unpleasant person, a petty dirty trick. At 35, he is already a widower. Revelry, drunkenness and gambling- these are the landowner’s favorite activities. He doesn't do housework. As well as raising two children. He keeps a live wolf cub at home instead of a dog, which he loves very much. He easily agrees to the deal if Chichikov plays with him. Naturally, an avid gambler cheats. AND main character remains without a trophy.
Sobakevich is a rude, overweight middle-aged man. All the furniture in the house is massive and rough, as if shouting: “And I, too, are Sobakevich.” He rarely spoke flatteringly about anyone. A practical landowner and businessman. Tries to get as much benefit from the deal as possible. He sells Chichikov one woman among the dead souls - Elizaveta Vorobey. Specially substituting a hard sign for the name. According to the documents, only male souls were considered.
And finally, this gallery of images is completed by Plyushkin. At first glance, it is difficult to even understand whether it is a man or a woman. He always wears a greasy, worn-out robe, more like the rags of a beggar on the porch. Even local men call it “patched,” and the author and critics call it “a hole in humanity.” It was once a practical owner. But after the death of his wife, stinginess took possession of him completely. He readily sells dead souls for 30 kopecks apiece. There are 78 of them in total. He is happy about the profits. And he even treats the guest to a cracker.
Plyushkin is a symbol of human spiritual death. The rest of the landowners are not so hopeless. But everyone has their own vices.
Landowners in the poem Dead Souls
Dead Souls is a poem written by Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol in the second half of the 19th century, but the writer himself determined the genre of his work. Today we will look at the heroes of this work.
Manilov
This is a charming, attractive person, but very lazy, with whom it is quite boring to communicate. He has two hundred huts with peasants at his disposal, but he has been working on the estate only recently. The peasants are as lazy as their owner, doing their work reluctantly and slowly. Normally he sits in his room and dreamily smokes his pipe. This hero is not devoid of romance, he is sensitive, gentle in communication, and compliant.
Box
The box is old woman Having lost her husband, she is distinguished by her frugality, manages the household well, and looks after the estate. Her estate is in order. However, the downsides include suspiciousness and stupidity. She has only 80 peasants at her disposal. They work quite well, erect relatively strong buildings, and also produce goods, which the hostess herself subsequently sells.
Nozdryov
This hero is 35 years old and a widower. Nozdryov has a cheerful disposition, he is loud and a little cocky. Can't sit still, prefers to have fun and drink all the time, hanging around here and there. He practically does not spend his time on the estate and does not look after the peasants, and also does not pay much attention to his own children. He prefers dogs, of which he has a whole flock.
Sobakevich
Sobakevich is approximately 45 years old and married. Outwardly, he is somewhat similar to a huge bear, and is not inferior to it in health and strength. He says directly what he thinks, is often rude, and is also distinguished by his clumsiness and carelessness. He provided his charges with well-built, strong houses, but he was strict with them. This hero loves to eat delicious food and is considered a wealthy person. Loves his family and takes care of them.
Plyushkin
This is a rich man who has approximately 1000 peasants. However, not all of them are “real”: some of them are dead souls or the souls of runaway peasants. He is a terribly greedy, stingy person, even for himself and his own needs, he will never spend an extra penny on anything. The only clothes he has are cast-offs and old clothes, and he eats stale bread. This landowner never throws anything into the trash. Also, his peasants suffer from his stinginess: their houses are old and about to fall apart. It turns out that he is selling his goods, from which all his “wealth” only spoils in the storerooms and “disappears.”
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At the beginning of work on the poem, N.V. Gogol wrote to V.A. Zhukovsky: “What a huge, what an original plot! What a diverse bunch! All of Rus' will appear in it.” This is how Gogol himself determined the scope of his work - all of Rus'. And the writer managed to show in its entirety both negative and positive sides life in Russia of that era. Gogol’s plan was grandiose: like Dante, to depict Chichikov’s path first in “hell” – Volume I of “Dead Souls”, then “in purgatory” – Volume II of “Dead Souls” and “in heaven” – Volume III. But this plan was not fully realized; only Volume I, in which Gogol shows the negative aspects of Russian life, reached the reader in full.
The images most widely represented on the pages of the poem are contemporary to the author landowners.
In Korobochka, Gogol presents us with a different type of Russian landowner. Thrifty, hospitable, hospitable, she suddenly becomes “club-headed” in the scene sales of the dead shower, for fear of selling out. This is the type of person with his own mind.
In Nozdryov, Gogol showed a different form of decomposition of the nobility. The writer shows us 2 essences of Nozdryov: first, he is an open, daring, direct face. But then you have to be convinced that Nozdryov’s sociability is an indifferent familiarity with everyone he meets and crosses, his liveliness is an inability to concentrate on any serious subject or matter, his energy is a waste of energy in revelries and rowdy behavior. His main passion, in the words of the writer himself, is “to spoil your neighbor, sometimes for no reason at all.”
Sobakevich is akin to Korobochka. He, like her, is a hoarder. Only, unlike Korobochka, he is a smart and cunning hoarder. He manages to deceive Chichikov himself. Sobakevich is rude, cynical, uncouth; No wonder he is compared to an animal (a bear). By this Gogol emphasizes the degree of savagery of man, the degree of death of his soul.
This gallery of “dead souls” is completed by the “hole in humanity” Plyushkin. It's eternal in classical literature image of a stingy person. Plyushkin is an extreme degree of economic, social and moral decay of the human personality.
Provincial officials also join the gallery of landowners who are essentially “dead souls”.
Who can we call living souls in the poem, and do they even exist? I think Gogol did not intend to contrast the suffocating atmosphere of the life of officials and landowners with the life of the peasantry. On the pages of the poem, the peasants are depicted far from rosy. The footman Petrushka sleeps without undressing and “always carries with him some special smell.” The coachman Selifan is not a fool to drink. But it is precisely for the peasants that Gogol has good words and warm intonation when he speaks, for example, about Pyotr Neumyvay-Koryto, Ivan Koleso, Stepan Probka, resourceful man Eremey Sorokoplekhin. These are all the people whose fate the author thought about and asked the question: “What have you, my dear ones, done in your lifetime? How have you gotten by?”
But there is at least something bright in Rus' that cannot be corroded under any circumstances; there are people who constitute the “salt of the earth.” Did Gogol himself, this genius of satire and singer of the beauty of Rus', come from somewhere? Eat! It must be! Gogol believes in this, and therefore at the end of the poem appears artistic image Rus'-troika, rushing into a future in which there will be no Nozdrevs, Plyushkins. A bird or three rushes forward. “Rus', where are you going? Give me an answer. He doesn’t give an answer.”
In 1852, after Gogol’s death, Nekrasov wrote a wonderful poem, which can be an epigraph to Gogol’s entire work:
Feeding my chest with hatred,
Armed with satire,
He goes through a thorny path
With your punishing lyre.
These lines seem to indicate precise definition Gogol's satire, because satire is an evil, sarcastic ridicule of not just universal human shortcomings, but also social vices. This laughter is not kind, sometimes “through tears invisible to the world,” because (and Gogol believed so) it is the satirical ridicule of the negative in our lives that can serve to correct it.
Laughter is a weapon, a sharp, combat weapon, with the help of which the writer fought all his life against the “abominations of Russian reality.” The great satirist began his creative path from a description of the life, morals and customs of Ukraine, dear to his heart, gradually moving on to a description of all of vast Rus'. Nothing escaped the artist’s attentive eye: neither the vulgarity and parasitism of the landowners, nor the meanness and insignificance of the inhabitants. “Mirgorod”, “Arabesques”, “The Inspector General”, “Marriage”, “The Nose”, “Dead Souls” - a caustic satire on existing reality. Gogol became the first of the Russian writers in whose work the negative phenomena of life were most clearly reflected. Belinsky called Gogol the head of the new realistic school: “With the publication of Mirgorod and The Inspector General, Russian literature took a completely new direction.” The critic believed that “the perfect truth of life in Gogol’s stories is closely connected with the simplicity of fiction. He does not flatter life, but does not slander it; he is happy to expose everything that is beautiful and human in it, and at the same time does not hide anything and its ugliness."
A satirical writer, turning to the “shadow of little things,” to “cold, fragmented, everyday characters,” must have a subtle sense of proportion, artistic tact, and a passionate love of nature. Knowing about the difficult, harsh field of a satirical writer, Gogol still did not renounce it and became one, taking the following words as the motto of his work: “Who else but the author should tell the holy truth!” Only true son homeland could, in the conditions of Nikolaev Russia, dare to bring to light the bitter truth in order to contribute with his creativity to the weakening of the feudal-serf system, thereby contributing to Russia’s movement forward.
In The Inspector General, Gogol “collected everything bad in Russia into one pile,” bringing out a whole gallery of bribe-takers, embezzlers, ignoramuses, fools, liars, etc. Everything in “The Inspector General” is funny: the plot itself, when the first person of the city mistakes an idle talker from the capital for an inspector, a man “with extraordinary lightness of mind,” Khlestakov’s transformation from a cowardly “elistratishka” into a “general” (after all, those around him mistake him for a general) , the scene of Khlestakov’s lies, the scene of a declaration of love to two ladies at once, and, of course, the denouement and silent comedy scene.
Gogol did not bring out in his comedy " positive hero". A positive beginning in The Inspector General, in which a high moral and social ideal writer, the basis of his satire became "laughter", the only " honest face"in comedy. It was laughter, wrote Gogol, "which completely flows out of the bright nature of man... because at the bottom of it lies an ever-bubbling spring of it, which deepens the subject, makes brightly appear that which would have slipped, without the permeable power of which it is a trifle and the emptiness of life would not frighten a person so much.”
Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol begins the so-called gallery of landowners with the landowner Manilov. It is to him that the main character goes first. The reader immediately notices the pretentious manners and sweetness of this man’s speech, although outwardly he is quite attractive. The meaning of Manilov’s whole life is fantastic dreams. He likes to lie on the sofa or sit in a rickety gazebo, dreaming of an underground passage. He is not at all concerned about the peasants suffering from the carelessness of this landowner. Manilov is a flatterer, in his words everyone in the city is “most kind.” As it turned out, the image of Manilov was so typical of that time that the concept of Manilovism arose.
Next in the gallery, Korobochka appears before the reader. Her life is an eternal hoarding. She is stingy and even stupid, since Chichikov has to spend both time and nerves to get her to sell the dead peasants. This image also turned out to be typical of Russian landowners of those times.
Nozdryov - an avid gambler and drunkard, brawler and reveler - calls himself a friend of Chichikov. Hot-tempered, boastful, this landowner is disorderly in character, which is reflected even in his home. There is some kind of chaos going on in the house, the owner himself keeps a real wolf cub, and there is also a goat in the stable. Nozdryov at first refuses to sell the peasants to Chichikov, and then plays checkers with him for dead souls. Of course, this cannot be done without cheating on the part of the owner. Chichikov, who is outraged by this, is saved from Nozdryov’s reprisal only by a visit from the police captain.
Sobakevich appears before the readers as a huge, clumsy landowner, rude and uncouth. The drive is also visible in it, just like in the Box. He speaks extremely unflatteringly about the townspeople, but praises his peasants. He is surprisingly calm about Chichikov’s request to buy peasants from him. Sobakevich himself is shown as a sort of ruler over the peasants.
The last landowner is Plyushkin. If in the person of Manilov the reader sees the process of an idle life, then Plyushkin is its result. This landowner is extremely rich, he has more than a thousand souls, but he lives in a dilapidated dwelling, dressed like a beggar. At heart he is also a hoarder, and this trait led him to lose his real perception of things. He is ready to save (and thereby spoil) food, just so as not to waste it. And the reader, studying the description of his dirty room, sees in front of him the spiritual death of a man - something to which the rest of the landowners are slowly but surely moving.
Images of landowners in the poem Dead Souls
Gogol, this excellent writer, very well described and showed the real essence of all rich people, mainly landowners. This is especially clearly expressed in his poem “Dead Souls”. It is in this work of Gogol that it is clearly visible what people are not capable of for the sake of easy wealth. Landowners at that time in the nineteenth century in Russia played a very important role in the life of peasants and society in general. How many people have suffered because of the unimportant whims of these, oddly enough, illiterate people.
The landowners in Gogol's poem are shown with all the nakedness of their morals - real, not hypocritical. Landowners are people who profited from ordinary and poor people for their own benefit. For the peasants, it was like slavery, because they received neither money nor land, only kicks and reproaches, or worse. The landowners were the head of the fortress, so this makes them even worse.
Gogol's poem "Dead Souls" shows how one landowner decided to make his wealth even greater, and therefore began to use even dead people, or rather, their name and age, supposedly they actually exist, and are in his krepatstva, that is, in his service on the estate. None of the auditors in general could have known whether those people were alive or not - but the landowner received incredible benefits for this.
Gogol shows how insignificant people can be, and it doesn’t matter whether they are landowners or not. In this work, the landowners decided to profit even from the dead souls of people who had already left this world. But even they were not left alone, even here they decided to gain some benefit for themselves.
That is why Gogol could not sleep peacefully until he showed the real essence of all landowners, who are not real rich people, but those who profit from everything they can.
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