Historical memory is not only the past, but also the present and future of humanity. Memory is kept in books. The society referred to in the work has lost books, forgetting about the most important human values. People have become easy to manage. Man completely submitted to the state, because books did not teach him to think, analyze, criticize, rebel. The experience of previous generations has disappeared without a trace for most people. Guy Montag, who decided to go against the system and try to read books, became an enemy of the state, a prime candidate for destruction. Memory stored in books is a great value, the loss of which puts the entire society at risk.
A.P. Chekhov "Student"
Theological seminary student Ivan Velikopolsky tells unknown women an episode from the Gospel. It's about about the apostle Peter's denial of Jesus. The women react to what was told unexpectedly for the student: tears flow from their eyes. People cry about events that happened long before they were born. Ivan Velikopolsky understands: the past and the present are inextricably linked. The memory of the events of past years transports people to other eras, to other people, makes them empathize and have compassion for them.
A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter"
It is not always worth talking about memory on a historical scale. Pyotr Grinev remembered his father’s words about honor. At any life situation he acted with dignity, enduring the trials of fate with courage. Memory of parents, military duty, high moral principles- all this predetermined the actions of the hero.
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Lesson objectives:
- instilling a sense of patriotism, respect, and attention to war participants;
- Creation problematic situation in order to provoke students into a dialogue, a discussion that allows everyone to express their point of view;
- developing the ability to analyze an unfamiliar literary work based on the skills acquired in class, form your own opinion about it, and see the author’s position.
During the classes
I. Teacher's opening speech.
The history of mankind is, unfortunately, the history of wars, large and small. Kulikovo Field, Borodino, Kursk Bulge... Russian land, watered with the blood of Russian people. From time immemorial, Russian people have fulfilled their duty to protect native land. And in the 20th century, this share did not pass our country. The most brutal and bloody war in the history of mankind came to our land on June 22, 1941.
- Why is this year significant for our country?
Yes, 65 years have passed since the end of the Great Patriotic War. Why do many writers continue to talk about it? Vasil Bykov: “Because that feat, the memory of it, no matter how much time passes, will not cool down in our hearts.” Vladimir Vysotsky:
And when it thunders, when it burns out and pays off,
And when our horses get tired of galloping under us,
And when our girls change their overcoats to dresses,
I wouldn’t forget then, I wouldn’t forgive and I wouldn’t lose.
War is an event that had to not only be experienced, but also comprehended. And therefore, again and again, writers and poets take up their pens and talk about the lessons of the Great Patriotic War.
Yes, we did everything we could,
Who could, as much as he could and how he could.
And we were the burning sun,
And we walked along hundreds of roads.
Yes, everyone was wounded, shell-shocked,
And every fourth person was killed.
And personally The Fatherland needs,
And personally will not be forgotten, - poet Boris Slutsky speaks on behalf of the front-line soldiers.
Please think about the last line of this poem: And personally will not be forgotten, which echoes the well-known words of R. Rozhdestvensky: No one is forgotten and nothing is forgotten.
Is it so?
II. Statement of a problematic question.
Yes, we are accustomed to ceremonial television broadcasts from Red Square on Victory Day about the ceremonial laying of wreaths at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier. For the 50th anniversary of the Victory, a memorial was erected at Poklonnaya Hill, and everyone who comes here is greeted by the ringing of bells and the call: “Let us bow to those great years...” And every year you and I come to our village square to the obelisk in honor of the Sosvintsy participants in the Great Patriotic War, and every year we participate in the Memory Watch at our place in the village and at post No. 1 in Yekaterinburg. We have a Museum of Military Glory at our school.
So we can say that, yes, indeed, “no one is forgotten, and nothing is forgotten”? Or is it different?
I invite you today to a conversation about memory.
What does it mean to remember? How should you remember?
Let's turn to the epigraph to the lesson. These are the words of R. Rozhdestvensky from his poem “Requiem”:
This is not what the dead need!
This is necessary alive!
Do we need it, living 65 years after Great Victory, remember those years?
And our contemporaries will help us figure this out: the poet Andrei Voznesensky and the writer Boris Vasiliev. Their works: the poem “Ditch” and the story “Exhibit No...” are devoted to the theme of memory.
III. IOZ – message about writers (Natasha N. and Renat N.)
IV. Conversation on the poem by A. Voznesensky “Ditch”.
Natasha N. said that reading the works of A. Voznesensky is not easy, he has an original style of writing. Did you feel it? Is what you read a poem? What does the poet himself write about this? (“Is what I’m writing a poem? A cycle of poems? That’s what interests me least of all...”)
But a completely different question occupies him. And it doesn’t just occupy you, it doesn’t give you the strength to remain silent. He could only scream. And this poem is a cry, a poem is pain, a poem is an accusation, the indignant feeling of the poet.
What excited the poet so much that it was the reason for writing the poem “Ditch”? (students' answers).
The poet was shocked by this incident. And it made me think about a lot of things. Read the lines that convey the poet's indignation.
What name does Andrei Voznesensky give to this disease? What do you call people who do evil?
(IOP - vocabulary work– interpretation of the word “greed”, Natasha Yu.)
The poet is trying to get to the reasons, to the deep roots of this disease. He sees his task as follows: “The more evil I collect on the pages,” he assures, “the less of it will remain in life.”
What does the poet see as the reason for the sacrilege being committed? Is the criminal or spiritual process the main thing for him? (chapter “Sin”)
What he learned and saw there, near Simferopol, forces the poet to look at everything that is happening in a new way, to feel more strongly the full weight of responsibility for the environment. This is how the chapter “Lake” appears in the poem.
What is its semantic load? How is it connected to the main events of the poem?
The environment is scary
The ecology of the spirit is worse!(chapter “Introduction”)
Thus, the main thing for the poet is the ecology of the spirit, not nature. The poet concludes: main reason crime - in the lack of spirituality of people, in the absence of serious mental work, the work of the soul, in the oblivion of moral principles.
But there are real people, those who do not blame time for all sins, but take responsibility for themselves! This can be seen from the chapters dedicated to Chernobyl: “Man” and “Hospital”. Here we are talking about real heroes who showed courage, heroism, and the best human qualities during...
The poet’s words sound like a refrain: “Because he is a man!”
Many of these people will die. But this is another question: which of them is deader? The new snouts digging up corpses near Simferopol are the dead themselves. Spiritually, morally, and not physically decayed.
And there is an eternal dispute, an eternal battle between good and evil, light and darkness, between the living and the dead. (expressive reading of the chapter “Fight”)
This is the main meaning of the poem, what it was written for. Even through the darkest pictures, through the mood of hopelessness and painful disgust, a bright, pure feeling of hope shines through in the poem. The poet hopes that the very concept of “greed” will disappear (chap. “Epilogue”)
How do we imagine the poet himself, his civil position?
So, A. Voznesensky told us about an incredible, stunning, out-of-the-ordinary case. And in B. Vasiliev’s story “Exhibit No...” we are talking about more ordinary things that can happen to us.
V. Conversation based on the story by Boris Vasiliev “Exhibit No...”.
Judging by B. Vasiliev’s works about the war, we are sure that the writer reverently treats the memory of the war. He wants us, the readers, to know about the heroic deeds of people during the war and to honor their memory. It is for this purpose that Military Museums are created and exist. military glory. There is such a Museum in our school. It is clear that in order to create a new or update an old exhibition, it is necessary to contact veterans and their relatives with a request to transfer some documents or things to the museum. Seems like a good deal...
- Why does the writer B. Vasiliev rebel against this in the story “Exhibit No...” What is he indignant about?
Conversation on questions:
- Tell us about the life of a Moscow communal apartment during the war.
- What were her son’s letters for Anna Fedotovna? How were letters different from a funeral?
- Analysis of the episode “At the TV” (according to plan).
- Expressive reading by heart A. Dementyev’s poem “The Ballad of the Mother”.
- Describe the actions of the children who came to Anna Fedotovna.
- How did Anna Fedotovna’s life change after the letters were stolen?
- How was the writer able to show the incommensurability of the mother’s grief and memory with the next event held at school?
- What does Boris Vasiliev’s story teach? How should you remember?
Thus, we are convinced that the problem of memory of the war is not so simple. And if at the beginning of the lesson we named the facts indicating that our people honor veterans and remember them, now we will try to list the negative aspects in our attitude towards them. (“novoryly” are digging ditches where those executed were buried; in areas occupied during the war, there are still many unburied remains of our soldiers; a regimental banner was found at the Trinity landfill near Moscow; military orders and medals have become the subject of purchase and sale at flea markets; some youths light a cigarette Eternal Flame... And we remember veterans only on holidays).
Is it possible not to think about it? Don't worry about it? The main problem our society is not economic, not socio-political, not environmental problems, but the problem is moral. Spiritual poverty, a deadened conscience, a heart deaf to the pain of others—this is the cause of many of our troubles. The old wisdom says: “Do not cry for the dead - cry for those who have lost their soul and conscience.” It is memory that awakens our conscience and gives us no peace.
The theme of memory in modern literature very multifaceted. It affects many moral issues. This is the problem of forgetting the roots of one’s ancestors, the problem of loss of kindness, cordiality, conscience, etc. that is why these problems are raised again and again modern writers on the pages of their works.
Do you remember? Do you know about your relatives who participated in the Great Patriotic War?
VI. Speeches by Alena U. and Alexey K. about their relatives who died during the Great Patriotic War.
VII. Summing up the lesson.
So, let's summarize our conversation, answer the question that we identified at the beginning of the lesson: why do we need the memory of the war? How should you remember? (students' answers are heard).
We outlined the topic of the lesson with a line from A.T.’s poem. Tvardovsky: “Pain calls out to people.” Who will remind you of all the quatrains?
The war has passed, the suffering has passed,
But pain calls to people:
Come on people, never
Let's not forget about this!
So let’s remember “at what price happiness is won”, let’s treat the elderly people living next to us with care, let’s remember the war participants not only on the days of anniversary celebrations... And on the bright and bitter (“with tears in our eyes”) Victory Day Let us bow to their blessed memory!
(recording of A. Pakhmutova’s song “Let’s bow to those great years” sounds)
Homework: write an essay “What does it mean to remember?”
It is in the past that a person finds a source for the formation of consciousness, the search for his place in the surrounding world and society. With memory loss, all social connections are lost. She is certain life experience, awareness of the events experienced.
What is historical memory
It involves the preservation of historical and social experience. It directly depends on how carefully traditions are treated in a family, city, or country. Essays on this issue are often found in test tasks in literature in 11th grade. Let us also pay a little attention to this issue.
The sequence of formation of historical memory
U historical memory There are several stages of formation. After some time, people forget about the events that happened. Life constantly presents new episodes filled with emotions and unusual impressions. In addition, often in articles and fiction events of long past years are distorted, the authors not only change their meaning, but also make changes to the course of the battle and the disposition of forces. The problem of historical memory appears. Each author presents his own arguments from life, taking into account his personal vision of the historical past being described. Thanks to different interpretations of one event, ordinary people have the opportunity to draw their own conclusions. Of course, to substantiate your idea, you will need arguments. The problem of historical memory exists in a society deprived of freedom of speech. Total censorship leads to distortion real events, presenting them to the wider population only from the right perspective. True memory can live and develop only in a democratic society. In order for information to pass to next generations without visible distortion, it is important to be able to compare events that occur in real time with facts from past life.
Conditions for the formation of historical memory
Arguments on the topic “The Problem of Historical Memory” can be found in many classic works. In order for society to develop, it is important to analyze the experience of ancestors, to “work on mistakes”, to use the rational grain that past generations had.
“Black boards” by V. Soloukhin
What is the main problem of historical memory? We will consider arguments from literature using the example of this work. The author talks about the looting of a church in his native village. Unique books are sold as waste paper, and boxes are made from priceless icons. A carpentry workshop is being organized right in the church in Stavrovo. In another one they are opening a machine and tractor station. Trucks and caterpillar tractors come here and store barrels of fuel. The author bitterly says that neither a cowshed nor a crane can replace the Moscow Kremlin. It is impossible to locate a holiday home in a monastery building in which the graves of relatives of Pushkin and Tolstoy are located. The work raises the problem of preserving historical memory. The arguments given by the author are indisputable. Not to those who died, lie under gravestones, we need memory, but the living!
Article by D. S. Likhachev
In his article “Love, Respect, Knowledge,” the academician raises the topic of desecration of a national shrine, namely, he talks about the explosion of the monument to Bagration, the hero of the Patriotic War of 1812. Likhachev raises the problem of the historical memory of the people. The arguments given by the author relate to vandalism in relation to this work art. After all, the monument was the gratitude of the people to their Georgian brother, who courageously fought for the independence of Russia. Who could destroy the cast iron monument? Only those who have no idea about the history of their country do not love their Motherland and are not proud of their Fatherland.
Views on patriotism
What other arguments can be made? The problem of historical memory is raised in “Letters from the Russian Museum,” authored by V. Soloukhin. He says that by cutting off one’s own roots, trying to absorb a foreign, alien culture, a person loses his individuality. This Russian argument about the problems of historical memory is also supported by other Russian patriots. Likhachev developed a “Declaration of Culture”, in which the author calls for the protection and support cultural traditions on the international level. The scientist emphasizes that without citizens’ knowledge of the culture of the past and present, the state will have no future. It is in the “spiritual security” of the nation that national existence lies. There must be interaction between external and internal culture; only in this case will society rise through the stages of historical development.
The problem of historical memory in literature of the 20th century
In the literature of the last century, the central place was occupied by the issue of responsibility for the terrible consequences of the past, and the problem of historical memory was present in the works of many authors. Arguments from the literature serve as direct proof of this. For example, A. T. Tvardovsky called in his poem “By Right of Memory” to rethink the sad experience of totalitarianism. Anna Akhmatova did not avoid this problem in the famous “Requiem”. She reveals all the injustice and lawlessness that reigned in society at that time, and gives weighty arguments. The problem of historical memory can also be traced in the work of A. I. Solzhenitsyn. His story “One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich” contains a verdict state system a time in which lies and injustice became priorities.
Careful attitude towards cultural heritage
The center of general attention is issues related to the preservation of ancient monuments. In the harsh post-revolutionary period, characterized by a change political system, there was a widespread destruction of former values. Russian intellectuals tried by any means to preserve the country's cultural relics. D. S. Likhachev opposed the development of Nevsky Prospekt with standard multi-storey buildings. What other arguments can be made? The problem of historical memory was also raised by Russian filmmakers. With the funds they collected, they managed to restore Kuskovo. What is the problem of historical memory of the war? Arguments from the literature indicate that this issue has been relevant at all times. A.S. Pushkin said that “disrespect for ancestors is the first sign of immorality.”
The theme of war in historical memory
What is historical memory? An essay on this topic can be written based on the work of Chingiz Aitmatov “Stormy Station”. His hero Mankurt is a man who was forcibly deprived of his memory. He has become a slave who has no past. Mankurt does not remember either his name or his parents, that is, it is difficult for him to recognize himself as a human being. The writer warns that such a creature is dangerous for social society.
Before Victory Day, questions were held among young people about the start and end dates of the Great Patriotic War, important battles, and military leaders. The answers received were disappointing. Many guys have no idea about the start date of the war, or about the enemy of the USSR, they have never heard of G.K. Zhukov, Battle of Stalingrad. The survey showed how relevant the problem of historical memory of the war is. The arguments put forward by the “reformers” of the history course curriculum at school, who have reduced the number of hours allocated to studying the Great Patriotic War, are related to the overload of students.
This approach led to the fact that modern generation forgets the past, therefore important dates the country's history will not be passed on to the next generation. If you do not respect your history, do not honor your own ancestors, historical memory is lost. Essay for success passing the Unified State Exam can be argued with the words of the Russian classic A.P. Chekhov. He noted that for freedom a person needs everything Earth. But without a goal, his existence will be absolutely meaningless. When considering arguments to the problem of historical memory (USE), it is important to note that there are false goals that do not create, but destroy. For example, the hero of the story “Gooseberry” dreamed of buying his own estate and planting gooseberries there. The goal he set completely absorbed him. But, having reached it, he lost his human appearance. The author notes that his hero “has become plump, flabby... - and just look, he’ll grunt into the blanket.”
I. Bunin’s story “The Gentleman from San Francisco” shows the fate of a man who served false values. The hero worshiped wealth as a god. After the death of the American millionaire, it turned out that real happiness passed him by.
I. A. Goncharov managed to show the search for the meaning of life, the awareness of connections with ancestors in the image of Oblomov. He dreamed of making his life different, but his desires were not translated into reality, he did not have enough strength.
When writing an essay on the topic “The Problem of Historical Memory of War” for the Unified State Exam, arguments can be cited from Nekrasov’s work “In the Trenches of Stalingrad.” The author shows real life“penalties” who are ready to defend the independence of their Fatherland at the cost of their lives.
Arguments for composing the Unified State Examination in the Russian language
In order to get a good score for an essay, a graduate must argue his position using literary works. In M. Gorky’s play “At the Depths,” the author demonstrated the problem of “former” people who have lost the strength to fight for their interests. They realize that it is impossible to live the way they are, and something needs to be changed, but they do not plan to do anything for this. The action of this work begins in a rooming house and ends there. There is no talk of any memory or pride in one’s ancestors; the characters in the play don’t even think about it.
Some try to talk about patriotism while lying on the couch, while others, sparing no effort and time, bring real benefits to their country. When discussing historical memory, one cannot ignore M. Sholokhov’s amazing story “The Fate of a Man.” It talks about tragic fate a simple soldier who lost his relatives during the war. Having met an orphan boy, he calls himself his father. What does this action indicate? A common person, who has gone through the pain of loss, is trying to resist fate. His love has not faded away, and he wants to give it to him little boy. It is the desire to do good that gives a soldier the strength to live, no matter what. The hero of Chekhov's story “The Man in a Case” talks about “people satisfied with themselves.” Having petty proprietary interests, trying to distance themselves from other people's troubles, they are absolutely indifferent to the problems of other people. The author notes the spiritual impoverishment of the heroes, who imagine themselves to be “masters of life,” but in reality are ordinary bourgeois. They have no real friends, they are only interested in their own well-being. Mutual assistance, responsibility for another person is clearly expressed in the work of B. Vasiliev “And the dawns here are quiet...”. All of Captain Vaskov’s wards not only fight together for the freedom of the Motherland, they live according to human laws. In Simonov's novel The Living and the Dead, Sintsov carries his comrade from the battlefield. All the arguments given from various help to understand the essence of historical memory, the importance of the possibility of its preservation and transmission to other generations.
Conclusion
When congratulating you on any holiday, wishes for a peaceful sky above your head are heard. What does this indicate? That the historical memory of severe trials war is passed down from generation to generation. War! There are only five letters in this word, but an immediate association arises with suffering, tears, a sea of blood, and the death of loved ones. Wars on the planet, unfortunately, have always taken place. The groans of women, the cries of children, the echoes of war should be familiar to the younger generation feature films, literary works. We must not forget about the terrible trials that befell the Russian people. At the beginning of the 19th century, Russia took part in the Patriotic War of 1812. To keep the historical memory of those events alive, Russian writers tried to convey the features of that era in their works. Tolstoy in his novel “War and Peace” showed the patriotism of the people, their willingness to give their lives for the Fatherland. By reading poems, stories, and novels about the Guerrilla War, young Russians get the opportunity to “visit the battlefields” and feel the atmosphere that reigned at that time. historical period. IN " Sevastopol stories» Tolstoy talks about the heroism of Sevastopol in 1855. The events are described by the author so reliably that one gets the impression that he himself was an eyewitness to that battle. The courage of spirit, unique willpower, and amazing patriotism of the city’s residents are worthy of memory. Tolstoy associates war with violence, pain, dirt, suffering, and death. Describing the heroic defense of Sevastopol in 1854-1855, he emphasizes the strength of spirit of the Russian people. B. Vasiliev, K. Simonov, M. Sholokhov, others Soviet writers Many of his works were dedicated specifically to the battles of the Great Patriotic War. During this difficult period for the country, women worked and fought equally with men, even children did everything in their power.
At the cost of their lives, they tried to bring Victory closer and preserve the independence of the country. Historical memory helps to preserve the smallest details information about the heroic feat of all soldiers and civilians. If the connection with the past is lost, the country will lose its independence. This cannot be allowed!
S. Alexievich "Uwar is not a woman's face..."
All the heroines of the book had to not only survive the war, but also participate in hostilities. Some were military, others were civilians, partisans.
The narrators feel that having to combine male and female roles is a problem. They solve it as best they can. For example, they dream that their femininity and beauty will be preserved even in death. The warrior-commander of a sapper platoon is trying to embroider in the dugout in the evening. They are happy if they manage to use the services of a hairdresser almost on the front line (story 6). The transition to peaceful life, which was perceived as a return to female role, is also not easy. For example, a participant in the war, even when the war is over, when meeting with a higher rank, she just wants to take it up.
A woman's lot is unheroic. Women's testimonies make it possible to see how enormous the role of “non-heroic” activities, which we all so easily designate as “women’s work,” was during the war. We are talking not only about what happened in the rear, where the woman bore the brunt of maintaining the life of the country.
Women are nursing the wounded. They bake bread, cook food, wash soldiers' clothes, fight insects, delivering letters to the front line (story 5). They feed wounded heroes and defenders of the Fatherland, while they themselves suffer greatly from hunger. In military hospitals, the expression “blood relationship” became literal. The women, falling from fatigue and hunger, gave their blood to the wounded heroes, not considering themselves heroes (story 4). They are wounded and killed. As a result of the path they have traveled, women change not only internally, but also externally; they cannot be the same (it is not for nothing that one of them is not recognized by her own mother). Returning to the female role is extremely difficult and proceeds like a disease.
Boris Vasiliev's story "And the dawns here are quiet..."
They all wanted to live, but they died so that people could say: “And the dawns here are quiet...” Quiet dawns cannot be in tune with war, with death. They died, but they won, they didn’t let a single fascist through. They won because they selflessly loved their Motherland.
Zhenya Komelkova is one of the brightest, strongest and most courageous representatives of the female fighters shown in the story. Both the most comic and the most dramatic scenes are associated with Zhenya in the story. Her goodwill, optimism, cheerfulness, self-confidence, and irreconcilable hatred of her enemies involuntarily attract attention to her and arouse admiration. In order to deceive the German saboteurs and force them to take a long road around the river, a small detachment of girl fighters made a noise in the forest, pretending to be lumberjacks. Zhenya Komelkova acted out a stunning scene of carelessly swimming in icy water in full view of the Germans, ten meters from enemy machine guns. IN last minutes Zhenya's life caused fire on herself, just to ward off the threat from the seriously wounded Rita and Fedot Vaskov. She believed in herself, and, leading the Germans away from Osyanina, did not doubt for a moment that everything would end well.
And even when the first bullet hit her in the side, she was simply surprised. After all, it was so stupidly absurd and implausible to die at nineteen...
Courage, composure, humanity, and a high sense of duty to the Motherland distinguish the squad commander, junior sergeant Rita Osyanina. The author, considering the images of Rita and Fedot Vaskov to be central, already in the first chapters talks about Osyanina’s past life. School evening, meeting lieutenant border guard Osyanin, lively correspondence, registry office. Then - the border outpost. Rita learned to bandage the wounded and shoot, ride a horse, throw grenades and protect herself from gases, the birth of her son, and then... the war. And in the first days of the war she was not at a loss - she saved other people’s children, and soon found out that her husband had died at the outpost on the second day of the war in a counterattack.
More than once they wanted to send her to the rear, but every time she appeared again at the headquarters of the fortified area, finally she was hired as a nurse, and six months later she was sent to study at a tank anti-aircraft school.
Zhenya learned to quietly and mercilessly hate her enemies. At the position, she shot down a German balloon and an ejected spotter.
When Vaskov and the girls counted the fascists emerging from the bushes - sixteen instead of the expected two, the foreman said to everyone in a homely manner: “It’s bad, girls, it’s going to happen.”
It was clear to him that they would not be able to hold out for long against the teeth of armed enemies, but then Rita’s firm response: “Well, should we watch them pass by?” - obviously, greatly strengthened Vaskov in the decision taken. Twice Osyanina rescued Vaskov, taking the fire upon herself, and now, having received a mortal wound and knowing the position of the wounded Vaskov, she does not want to be a burden to him, she understands how important it is to bring their common cause to the end, to detain the fascist saboteurs.
“Rita knew that the wound was fatal, that she would die long and difficult”
Sonya Gurvich– “translator”, one of the girls in Vaskov’s group, “city” girl; as thin as a spring rook.”
The author, talking about Sonya's past life, emphasizes her talent, love for poetry and theater. Boris Vasiliev remembers." The percentage of intelligent girls and students at the front was very large. Most often - freshmen. For them, the war was the most terrible thing... Somewhere among them, my Sonya Gurvich fought.”
And so, wanting to do something nice, like an older, experienced and caring comrade, the foreman, Sonya rushes for a pouch that he had forgotten on a stump in the forest, and dies from a blow from an enemy knife in the chest.
Galina Chetvertak – orphan, pupil orphanage, a dreamer, endowed by nature with a vivid imaginative imagination. Skinny, little "snotty" Galka did not fit the army standards either in height or age.
When, after the death of her friend, Galka was ordered by the foreman to put on her boots, “she physically, to the point of nausea, felt a knife penetrating the tissue, heard the crunch of torn flesh, felt the heavy smell of blood. And this gave birth to a dull, cast-iron horror...” And enemies lurked nearby, mortal danger loomed.
“The reality that women faced in the war,” says the writer, “was much more difficult than anything they could come up with in the most desperate time of their fantasies. The tragedy of Gali Chetvertak is about this.”
The machine gun struck briefly. With a dozen steps, he hit her thin back, tense from running, and Galya plunged face first into the ground, never removing her hands from her head, which were twisted in horror.
Everything in the clearing froze.”
Liza Brichkina died while performing a mission. In her haste to get to the junction and report on the changed situation, Lisa drowned in the swamp:
The heart of the seasoned fighter, hero-patriot F. Vaskov fills with pain, hatred and brightness, and this strengthens his strength and gives him the opportunity to survive. A single feat - the defense of the Motherland - equates Sergeant Major Vaskov and the five girls who “hold their front, their Russia” on the Sinyukhin Ridge.
This is how another motive of the story arises: everyone on his own sector of the front must do the possible and the impossible for victory, so that the dawns are quiet.
