Arguments: the problem of historical memory. Arguments from works

Essay “Memory of the War” by a 7th grade student high school №7

Arbit Anna.

The war has passed
The suffering is over
But pain calls to people.

Come on people never

Let's not forget about this.

A. Tvardovsky

May 9... Victory Day is a holiday that has become a national holiday, because there is no family in our country that has not been touched with its black wing by the most terrible of wars - the Great Patriotic War! On this day to the sounds brass band those to whom we owe our lives and the peaceful sky above our heads will come out to the square in front of the monument. And then poems and songs will be sung in their honor. But, in my opinion, there are no words with which one can convey one’s gratitude to the old gray-haired warriors, for whom the war has become a new point of reference, against which they are accustomed to verify the meaning and price of their actions.

War means grief and tears. She knocked on every home and brought misfortune: mothers lost their sons, wives lost their husbands, children were left without fathers. Thousands of people went through the war, experienced terrible torment, but they survived and won. We won the most difficult of all wars. And the people who defended their Motherland in the hardest battles are still alive. The war emerges in their memory as the most terrible and sad memory. But it also reminds them of perseverance, courage, friendship and loyalty.

We are lucky, we live in relatively peaceful times, and for this we bow to all those who fought for the liberation of our country from fascist invaders: in the rear and at the front, people did not spare their strength and lives, “everyone simply had a choice: me or the Motherland.” And people chose their homeland, so that their children and grandchildren would have a future, so that the Russian land would not disappear. Thanks to this true patriotism we are.

Many works, newspaper articles, and films have been produced about the terrible national misfortune. But the most vivid and truthful in my memory for the rest of my life will be the stories of eyewitnesses.

Many of the heroes, on whose shoulders the most difficult trials fell, belonged to the generation of those young people who went to the front, barely graduating from school. Young men and women, who only yesterday were making plans for their beginning lives, instead stepped towards danger and death, facing the inhuman and cruel forces of fascism.

A man of amazing destiny lives in our city. His name is Shulgin Vladimir Mikhailovich. In 1941, he voluntarily went to the front. Its part defended the famous Road of Life, which ran along the ice of Lake Ladoga. Food and weapons were transported along it to besieged Leningrad by car. It was very difficult for the fighters. It was impossible to leave the trench either day or night. They slept and ate at the post. Enemy air attacks provided no respite. One night a boy found himself in a trench, barely alive. The soldiers picked him up and fed him. Vladimir Mikhailovich accompanied him home, covering him with himself during the bombing. As a souvenir, he gave him his belt and all the soldiers' food rations, which were given only to soldiers. But they were fed no better than the blockade survivors, and they always went hungry.

One day, when the Nazis were especially fierce, the fire was heavy, and a shell hit the trench, in the place where Vladimir Mikhailovich was located. Everyone fell asleep, screams and moans were heard. Vladimir Mikhailovich came to his senses when he was dragged across the field where they were shooting, vertically challenged nurse. She dragged me and persuaded me to be patient.

Vladimir Mikhailovich was wounded by many shrapnel. A military surgeon fought for a soldier’s life for a long time. Vladimir Mikhailovich survived, but his legs... they can barely move. Every step comes with pain. After the hospital he was demobilized. The medals “For Courage”, “For Military Merit”, “For the Defense of Leningrad” still shine on a soldier’s dress jacket. After the war, Vladimir Mikhailovich worked as a history teacher at school in Kazakhstan. After the death of his wife, he, already old and sick, was taken in by Native sister, and now he lives here in the city of Kirzhach. Vladimir Mikhailovich is an amazingly kind and modest person. He doesn't like to talk a lot about himself, doesn't like to be the center of attention. He claims: “I didn’t do anything special, I just fought and defended my Motherland just like everyone else.” And awards speak of the soldier’s courage and valor.

The famous Admiral Ushakov once said this about such defenders of the Motherland: “The native land can do everything: feed you with its bread, give you drink from its springs, surprise you with its beauty. But she can’t defend herself. Therefore protection native land- the duty of those who eat her bread, drink her water, admire her beauty. People are given honorary and respectful titles. The highest rank of all is Defender of the Motherland..."

People of the military generation ─ special people. From the fronts of the Great Patriotic War they brought to difficult life country's faith in the future, willingness to sacrifice oneself for the sake of others. The height of human achievement is determined by the power of love in life. The stronger this love, the more incomprehensible the dimension of the feat performed by a person for the sake of love for life. We will never forget those who died in the war, we will always remember those who sacrificed themselves to save and defend their Motherland.

Soon May 9th. This means that fireworks will sound over Red Square for the 65th time. For 65 years now, the Russian people have been celebrating a great holiday - Victory Day! It’s only a pity that the participants in the battles, veterans of the Great Patriotic War, there is less and less left. Unfortunately, real heroes will soon pass away, who do not even consider themselves heroes, and, like Vasily Terkin, talk about their exploits somehow casually, by the way, they say, “everything has happened.” And it’s scary to imagine what lies beneath this “stuff”! The death of comrades, the loss of loved ones as a result of bombing and capture, the first shot at a person... And I want to say thanks a lot and bow to the ground to the people who gave us a chance to simply live. And I will take the liberty to say that many of us, young people, have not lost our love for the Motherland and are grateful to the soldiers of the Great Patriotic War. And I also want each of us to at least occasionally think about whether he is using this chance to the fullest, so that someday, looking back, look at the life he has lived and with a clear conscience tell you, the people who defended our Motherland, that everything you have done did not go to waste and will never be forgotten, because “there is a memory that will never end”!

And let the war alarm be silent,
Flowers bloom in my native land,
But the soldier will live forever,
That he died a brave death in battle.
He saved you and me
And to all of humanity,
Peace and happiness of peaceful days.
You stand up and bow to him.
And in this peaceful time of the century
I'm ready to ring that alarm:
“People, it’s vile to forget a person,
whose name is a Russian soldier!

War is the worst thing, the most creepy word, which only exists in the world. Just his pronunciation gives you goosebumps and makes you feel uneasy.

Wars claim thousands of lives. They destroy everything around. They bring hunger. Reading about past wars, we understand how much the people who stood for us to the death did for us. Nobody asked them if they wanted to fight. They were presented with a fact, forced. And, putting all their strength, they won.

There are very few veterans left these days. One day, the guys and I were lucky enough to visit a veteran. We went to see him as part of school curriculum. He was the only one left in our city.

It was a man. You can say - grandfather. He greeted us warmly and smiled. At that moment I almost burst into tears. And when he talked about the fact that he only has a sister who lives in another country and that his wife died several years ago, I couldn’t hold back. You know, this grandfather's standard of living is worse than many of us. And that's wrong. People who defended our present should live happily and not need anything. And our veteran doesn’t even have water in his house. He has to go to the well and collect it in buckets. Then drag it into the house.

No one can help an elderly person who needs help. Is this fair?

He told a lot of interesting and frightening things at the same time. You won't find this in history books. Arriving home, each of us was impressed. We took a different look at the war, at the people who went through it. And that's what I want to say. We must remember and honor all those who had to find out what it is. We must give them our respect. We must help and say thank you every day for the fact that we have a future. That we see a blue sky above our heads, and not black from smoke.

The memory of accomplished feats should always live. People simply have to carry it through generations without missing anything. After all, every word, every action is incredibly important. Their courage is worthy of perpetuation. Memorable places must not be forgotten!

We must remember all the heroes who saved us. Our country. Our lives.

Essay 2

Who among the people does not shudder when they hear the word “war”? It was not for nothing that my grandmother agreed to everything - as long as there was no war, about which she learned a lot from her grandmother’s stories. Any war, even a modern one, with its “targeted” strikes, means suffering, blood and death. What can we say about our most terrible pain and most great joy– The Great Patriotic War. Victory certainly brought joy. But we still had to live to see it, both at the front and in the rear. Sweat, blood, death and hope - this is the quintessence of war.

My great-great-grandfather went to the front with the Moscow militia and went missing near Vyazma. As I just found out, he had “armor” - that’s what they call a reprieve from military service. Yakov Emelyanovich was a professional baker and was needed in the rear, but he took off this “armor” and went to the front. Poorly armed and inept militias died, but detained the Germans rushing to Moscow. At the cost of their lives and the many years of suffering of their relatives. His wife Anna Ivanovna had been waiting for him for twenty-five years. She hoped that he was not killed, but in captivity or in an invalid's home. She hoped, waited and raised five children. I waited and hoped.

We must bow from the waist to the people who invented and organized the action “ Immortal Regiment" This is a real memory of the war, and not an overly cheerful propaganda imitation of it. I, with my whole family and a portrait of my great-great-grandfather, took part in the march of a small part of this “regiment” twice on May 9th. I saw sincere sadness and interest of people carrying portraits of their front-line relatives. They remember them. They remember their feat, are sad and at the same time filled with pride for them - the defenders of their Fatherland. As long as the idea and practice of this popular movement is alive, the memory of the war will be alive.

Calls are often made to stop bringing up the past and think only about today. They say that soon there will be no one left alive, even those born during the war, and not just those who went through it. But the memory of the war is also needed because it is not necessary for the dead, it is needed for the living. So that someone would not be able to try again to realize their crazy ideas by starting a global war.

Memory of the war (3rd option)

Any event is somehow preserved in the memory of many people, leaving a peculiar trace in it, which consists of images, approximate outlines, and of course the feelings that a person experienced during that event. The memory of this event can be passed down from generation to generation, or it can simply remain forgotten and useless information, but this does not always happen, as, for example, happens with bad memories, and, unfortunately, bad things are remembered much better than anything else. more.

Any war will serve as an example. War in itself is a terrible event that always leads to a chain of enormous death, destruction, and grief. War is an event that is forever reflected in the minds of many generations, since the memory of the war also carries a guiding message. After all, if a person remembers the war, remembers the horrors it brought to a peaceful land, then he will try to never allow war to happen again, and will do everything to more war did not exist, this is the advantage of the memory of terrible events– they make you remember that this should never be repeated.

War also affects many other things, not just the people themselves. War is a process engulfed in horror, a process that will forever leave a mark on the land, which unfortunately witnessed bloodshed. War monuments, mass graves, bomb craters, torn out pieces of earth from explosions will forever remain on this land. Nothing can erase this event from history. But this is not bad, because the next generations will remember this, remember the exploits that were accomplished before them, this will motivate them to go further, to create a world where there is no more war and pain, where there is no cruelty, and where there is no bloodshed, they will create better world, remembering the old terrible thing.

In conclusion, we can say that any memory is important. Any memory, any event that, one way or another, left its mark on history has enormous value, but the most valuable memories in world culture will be memories of wars. Because war is the most terrible thing invented by man. Memories of those horrors that we must try not to repeat again. And therefore, the next generations will remember those who had the opportunity to participate in the war, those who learned from their own experience all its horrors and disgusting things that happened at that undoubtedly terrible time.

The image and characterization of Kazbich in the novel Hero of Our Time by Lermontov essay

Kazbich is a robber, a horseman. He is not afraid of anything and, like any other Caucasian, takes care of his honor and dignity

Historical memory is not only the past, but also the present and future of humanity. Memory is kept in books. The society referred to in the work has lost books, forgetting about the most important human values. People have become easy to manage. Man completely submitted to the state, because books did not teach him to think, analyze, criticize, or rebel. The experience of previous generations has disappeared without a trace for most people. Guy Montag, who decided to go against the system and try to read books, became an enemy of the state, a prime candidate for destruction. Memory stored in books is a great value, the loss of which puts the entire society at risk.

A.P. Chekhov "Student"

Theological seminary student Ivan Velikopolsky tells unknown women an episode from the Gospel. It's about about the apostle Peter's denial of Jesus. The women react to what was told unexpectedly for the student: tears flow from their eyes. People cry about events that happened long before they were born. Ivan Velikopolsky understands: the past and the present are inextricably linked. The memory of the events of past years transports people to other eras, to other people, makes them empathize and have compassion for them.

A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter"

It is not always worth talking about memory on a historical scale. Pyotr Grinev remembered his father’s words about honor. At any life situation he acted with dignity, enduring the trials of fate with courage. Memory of parents, military duty, high moral principles- all this predetermined the actions of the hero.

IN modern society many forget about the heroism of the people who died during the war years. It is precisely this problem of preserving the memory of those killed in the war that Konstantin Mikhailovich Simonov considered in the text proposed for analysis.

In order to most accurately analyze the problem, the author writes about two heroes who are unlike each other, but have the same attitude towards those killed in the war. One of them takes care of historical memory due to his education: “For Prudnikov, who once studied at the history department of Moscow State University before the war, this discovery seemed extremely important.”

Another - due to his character: “He was a great-hearted man, despite his rudeness, a favorite of the entire battery and a good artilleryman.” After Captain Nikolaenko realizes that the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier is being shelled, he gives the order to hold off the fire. This moment teaches the reader to honor and preserve the memory of those killed in the war.

I think that author's position formulated in sentences No. 35-38: “This is not just a grave. This is, how to say, a national monument... Well, a symbol of all those who died for their Motherland.” Konstantin Mikhailovich argues that every person, in any situation, is obliged to remember those who died for their Motherland. After all, this is the main value in our life.

And without knowledge about our past we have no future.

For example, in the work of B.L. Vasilyev's "Exhibit No." the careful preservation of the memory of the deceased soldier is manifested in the behavior of the main character Anna Fedotovna. Her son died in the first years of the Great Patriotic War. All that remains of him are a few letters from the front, which the old woman values ​​and cherishes. One day, pioneers come to an elderly woman with a request to give letters to historical Museum. Anna Fedotovna refuses because these things connect her with her son and remind her of him. For the heroine, the highest value is preserving the memory of her dead soldier.

Another example is the work of V. A. Zakrutkin “Mother of Man”. main character Maria treats with trepidation the memory of those killed in the war. Returning to the plundered village, the woman first tried to bury all the dead: both her own and her enemies. There were no shovels, so she dug graves with her hands. Maria considered it inhumane not to bury the dead. For several months, the heroine searched for the bodies of her husband and son, who were killed before her eyes. At the end of the work, the woman found their remains and buried them. She carefully preserved the memory of those killed in the war.

Thus, every person should remember the feat and heroism of those who defended their Motherland, their people. The memory of the dead is a sacred value at all times. We have an obligation to preserve it.

Back forward

Attention! Slide previews are for informational purposes only and may not represent all of the presentation's features. If you are interested this work, please download the full version.

Lesson objectives:

1. instilling a sense of patriotism, respect, and attention to war participants;
2. Creation problematic situation in order to provoke students into a dialogue, a discussion that allows everyone to express their point of view;
3. developing the ability to analyze the unfamiliar literary work based on the skills acquired in the lessons, form your own opinion about it, see the author’s position.

During the classes

I. Teacher's opening speech.

The history of mankind is, unfortunately, the history of wars, large and small. Kulikovo Field, Borodino, Kursk Bulge... Russian land, watered with the blood of Russian people. From time immemorial, Russian people have fulfilled their duty to protect their native land. And in the 20th century this share did not pass our country. The most brutal and bloody war in the history of mankind came to our land on June 22, 1941.

• Why is this year significant for our country?

Yes, 65 years have passed since the end of the Great Patriotic War. Why do many writers continue to talk about it? Vasil Bykov: “Because that feat, the memory of it, no matter how much time passes, will not cool down in our hearts.” Vladimir Vysotsky:

And when it thunders, when it burns out and pays off,
And when our horses get tired of galloping under us,
And when our girls change their overcoats to dresses,
I wouldn’t forget then, I wouldn’t forgive and I wouldn’t lose.

War is an event that had to not only be experienced, but also comprehended. And therefore, again and again, writers and poets take up their pens and talk about the lessons of the Great Patriotic War.

Yes, we did everything we could,
Who could, as much as he could and how he could.
And we were the burning sun,
And we walked along hundreds of roads.
Yes, everyone was wounded, shell-shocked,
And every fourth person was killed.
And personally The Fatherland needs,
And personally will not be forgotten, - poet Boris Slutsky speaks on behalf of the front-line soldiers.

Please think about the last line of this poem: And personally will not be forgotten, which echoes the well-known words of R. Rozhdestvensky: No one is forgotten and nothing is forgotten.

Is it so?

II. Statement of a problematic question.

Yes, we are accustomed to ceremonial television broadcasts from Red Square on Victory Day about the ceremonial laying of wreaths at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier. For the 50th anniversary of the Victory, a memorial was erected at Poklonnaya Hill, and everyone who comes here is greeted by the ringing of bells and the call: “Let us bow to those great years...” And every year you and I come to our village square to the obelisk in honor of the Sosvintsy participants of the Great Patriotic War, and every year we participate in the Memory Watch at our place in the village and at post No. 1 in Yekaterinburg. We have a Museum of Military Glory at our school.

So we can say that, yes, indeed, “no one is forgotten, and nothing is forgotten”? Or is it different?

I invite you today to a conversation about memory.

What does it mean to remember? How should you remember?

Let's turn to the epigraph to the lesson. These are the words of R. Rozhdestvensky from his poem “Requiem”:

This is not what the dead need!
This is necessary alive!

Do we need it, living 65 years after Great Victory, remember those years?

And our contemporaries will help us figure this out: the poet Andrei Voznesensky and the writer Boris Vasiliev. Their works: the poem “Ditch” and the story “Exhibit No...” are devoted to the theme of memory.

III. IOZ – message about writers (Natasha N. and Renat N.)

IV. Conversation on the poem by A. Voznesensky “Ditch”.

Natasha N. said that reading the works of A. Voznesensky is not easy, he has an original style of writing. Did you feel it? Is what you read a poem? What does the poet himself write about this? (“Is what I’m writing a poem? A cycle of poems? That’s what interests me the least…”)

But a completely different question occupies him. And it doesn’t just occupy you, it doesn’t give you the strength to remain silent. He could only scream. And this poem is a cry, a poem is pain, a poem is an accusation, the indignant feeling of the poet.

What excited the poet so much that it was the reason for writing the poem “Ditch”? (students' answers).

The poet was shocked by this incident. And it made me think about a lot of things. Read the lines that convey the poet's indignation.

What name does Andrei Voznesensky give to this disease? What do you call people who do evil?
(IOP - vocabulary work– interpretation of the word “greed”, Natasha Yu.)
The poet is trying to get to the reasons, to the deep roots of this disease. He sees his task as follows: “The more evil I collect on the pages,” he assures, “the less of it will remain in life.”

What does the poet see as the reason for the sacrilege being committed? Is the criminal or spiritual process the main thing for him? (chapter “Sin”)

What he learned and saw there, near Simferopol, forces the poet to look at everything that is happening in a new way, to feel more strongly the full weight of responsibility for the environment. This is how the chapter “Lake” appears in the poem.

What is its semantic load? How is it connected to the main events of the poem?
The environment is scary
The ecology of the spirit is worse!(chapter “Introduction”)
Thus, the main thing for the poet is the ecology of the spirit, not nature. The poet concludes: main reason crime - in the lack of spirituality of people, in the absence of serious mental work, the work of the soul, in the oblivion of moral principles.

But there are real people, those who do not blame time for all sins, but take responsibility for themselves! This can be seen from the chapters dedicated to Chernobyl: “Man” and “Hospital”. Here we are talking about real heroes who showed courage, heroism, and the best human qualities during...

The poet’s words sound like a refrain: “Because he is a man!”
Many of these people will die. But this is another question: which of them is deader? The new snouts digging up corpses near Simferopol are the dead themselves. Spiritually, morally, and not physically decayed.

And there is an eternal dispute, an eternal battle between good and evil, light and darkness, between the living and the dead. (expressive reading of the chapter “Fight”)

In that main meaning the poem, what it was written for. Even through the darkest pictures, through the mood of hopelessness and painful disgust, a bright, pure feeling of hope shines through in the poem. The poet hopes that the very concept of “greed” will disappear (chap. “Epilogue”)

How do we imagine the poet himself, his civil position?

So, A. Voznesensky told us about an incredible, stunning, out-of-the-ordinary case. And in B. Vasiliev’s story “Exhibit No...” we are talking about more ordinary things that can happen to us.

V. Conversation based on Boris Vasiliev’s story “Exhibit No...”.

Judging by B. Vasiliev’s works about the war, we are sure that the writer reverently treats the memory of the war. He wants us, the readers, to know about the heroic deeds of people during the war and to honor their memory. It is for this purpose that Military Museums are created and exist. military glory. There is such a Museum in our school. It is clear that in order to create a new or update an old exhibition, it is necessary to contact veterans and their relatives with a request to transfer some documents or things to the museum. Seems like a good deal...

• Why does the writer B. Vasiliev rebel against this in the story “Exhibit No...” What is he indignant about?

Conversation on questions:

1. Tell us about the life of a Moscow communal apartment during the war.
2. What were her son’s letters for Anna Fedotovna? ​​How were letters different from a funeral?
   • Analysis of the episode “At the TV” (according to plan).
   • Expressive reading by heart A. Dementyev’s poem “The Ballad of the Mother”.
3. Describe the actions of the children who came to Anna Fedotovna.
4. How did Anna Fedotovna’s life change after the letters were stolen?
5. How was the writer able to show the incommensurability of the mother’s grief and memory with the next event held at school?
6. What does Boris Vasiliev’s story teach? How should you remember?

Thus, we are convinced that the problem of memory of the war is not so simple. And if at the beginning of the lesson we named the facts indicating that our people honor veterans and remember them, now we will try to list the negative aspects in our attitude towards them. (“novoryly” are digging ditches where those executed were buried; in areas occupied during the war, there are still many unburied remains of our soldiers; a regimental banner was found at the Trinity landfill near Moscow; military orders and medals have become the subject of purchase and sale at flea markets; some youths light a cigarette Eternal Flame... And we remember veterans only on holidays).

Is it possible not to think about it? Don't worry about it? The main problem our society is not economic, not socio-political, not environmental problems, but the problem is moral. Spiritual poverty, a deadened conscience, a heart deaf to the pain of others—this is the cause of many of our troubles. The old wisdom says: “Do not cry for the dead - cry for those who have lost their soul and conscience.” It is memory that awakens our conscience and gives us no peace.

The theme of memory in modern literature very multifaceted. It affects many moral problems. This is the problem of forgetting the roots of one’s ancestors, the problem of loss of kindness, cordiality, conscience, etc. that is why these problems are raised again and again modern writers on the pages of their works.

Do you remember? Do you know about your relatives who participated in the Great Patriotic War?

VI. Speeches by Alena U. and Alexey K. about their relatives who died during the Great Patriotic War.

VII. Summing up the lesson.

So, let's summarize our conversation, answer the question that we identified at the beginning of the lesson: why do we need the memory of the war? How should you remember? (students' answers are heard).

We outlined the topic of the lesson with a line from A.T.’s poem. Tvardovsky: “Pain calls out to people.” Who will remind you of all the quatrains?

The war has passed, the suffering has passed,
But pain calls to people:
Come on people, never
Let's not forget about this!

So let’s remember “at what price happiness is won”, let’s treat the elderly people living next to us with care, let’s remember the war participants not only on the days of anniversary celebrations... And on the bright and bitter (“with tears in our eyes”) Victory Day Let us bow to their blessed memory!

(recording of A. Pakhmutova’s song “Let’s bow to those great years” sounds)

Homework: write an essay “What does it mean to remember?”