Poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” by N.A. Nekrasov devotes himself to symbolic searches happy person in Rus'. The seven main characters, while traveling, learn about the life of different segments of the Russian population: the clergy, landowners, peasants. But the special theme of Nekrasov’s work is the fate of the Russian peasant woman.
Nekrasov shows the life of a Russian woman in its entirety - from childhood to the moment when she meets seekers of happiness. So, the peasant woman Matryona Timofeevna tells everything without concealment about her life.
This long story begins with a description carefree childhood. Matryona was born and grew up in a good family. Her parents understood and took pity on her, her brothers woke her up with a song and helped her with work so that her beloved sister could sleep longer:
Sleep, dear orca,
Sleep, reserve strength!
It is no coincidence that the next chapter is called “Songs,” since it is the songs that play special role in a description of the life of a Russian woman. The songs that are sung here are folk, people put their thoughts and feelings into them. Therefore, it is in them that the whole tragedy of the life of peasant women is clearly reflected.
Matryona Timofeevna was endowed with restrained beauty, self-esteem, and enjoyed universal respect. However, despite this, her life was typical for most peasant women. And Nekrasov shows how terrible this fate was.
Matryona got married and began to live in her husband’s house, where the entire burden of peasant labor fell on her shoulders: cleaning the house, serving her husband’s sister and parents, working in the fields, raising children. When the time came and her first child was born, he became an obstacle to work. Then the mother-in-law demanded that Matryona leave her son with his old grandfather Savely. And the grandfather dozed off and did not see how the pig killed little Demushka. This did not happen out of malice, so Matryona forgave her grandfather, and they grieved together at the boy’s grave.
But the poor peasant woman had to come to terms not only with the death of her son, whose death was terrible and painful! She also had to attend the autopsy of the child: the unfortunate mother begged not to torment Demushka’s little body, but she had no right to her opinion, and she was only tied up. So as not to interfere.
However, Matryona’s trials did not end there; she had to overcome several more rather difficult moments, which make it clear to us that her life was far from happy
One day, Matryona’s second son took pity on the hungry she-wolf and threw her a sheep that had already been killed. For this, the headman decided to punish little Fedotushka, but his mother, without stooping to ask for forgiveness, endured all the pain of the public punishment that her son was about to undergo. And only the next day she cried her tears over the river.
When did the “difficult year” come? Matryona survived not only hunger and physical suffering, but also the news that her husband was being taken away military service. She, naturally, did not want to become a “soldier,” and this time Matryona decided to fight for her happiness: she turned to the governor’s wife for help, and she helped the poor peasant woman and soon even became the godmother of Matryona Timofeevna’s child. After this incident, Matryona began to be called happy.
But is it really happiness to endure all the hardships and humiliation, to find the strength to ask for help?
For Nekrasov, a Russian woman is a symbol of life and national identity. His muse is " Native sister“peasant women, therefore, in the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus',” the fate of a Russian woman is developed into a whole story. The image of Matryona Timofeevna occupies a worthy place among the portraits of Russian women depicted by the poet.
It’s not a matter for women to look for something happy.
N. Nekrasov. Who lives well in Rus'?
A significant part of N. A. Nekrasov’s work is devoted to the theme of the Russian people. The poet considered it his civic and human duty to raise the problem of the oppressed position of the peasantry, to illuminate the difficult, sad aspects of the life of the Russian people.
Great place among Nekrasov's works are those that describe the difficult lot of a Russian woman, a Russian peasant woman. The poet believed that it is the woman who bears the most heavy cross, because an almost impossible task falls on her fragile shoulders - to preserve love, to raise children in the harsh Russian reality.
Important place The theme of women’s fate also occupies Nekrasov’s main work, the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'.” The work is “populated” quite big amount female images that allow the author to reveal his ideological plan. Thus, at the beginning of the poem, Nekrasov gives a generalized image of a Russian peasant woman. We see women dressed up for “ rural fair”: “The women are wearing red dresses, The girls are wearing braids with ribbons, They are floating with winches!” Among them there are fashionistas who are entertaining, and there are also envious women who prophesy a famine, the reason for which is that “women have begun to dress up in red calico...”
In more detail women's destinies outlined in the chapter “ drunken night" Here we are faced with the fate of a simple woman who works in the city for rich people: “You are their cook during the day. And their night is miserable...” We meet Daryushka, emaciated from backbreaking work; a woman starved for love; women whose homes are worse than hell: “And the younger son-in-law keeps taking a knife, He’s about to kill him, he’s going to kill him!”
And finally, the culmination “ feminine theme” in the poem becomes the part “Peasant Woman”, the main character which is Matryona Timofeevna Korchagina. This is a Russian peasant woman, whose fate is an illustration of the difficult female share, but also of unbending Russian character, the “treasury” of the Russian soul.
“The Peasant Woman” describes almost Korchagina’s entire life, from youth to adulthood. According to the author, the fate of Matryona Timofeevna is the generalized fate of the Russian peasant woman in general.
So, our acquaintance with the heroine begins with the rumor that spreads about her in the surrounding villages. People consider Matryona Timofeevna, the “governor,” to be happy, and wanderers set off on their journey to look at this “miracle.”
A beautiful Russian woman of “thirty-eight years old” appears before them:
...hair with graying hair,
The eyes are big, strict,
The richest eyelashes,
Severe and dark.
Korchagina succumbs to the persuasion of the wanderers and openly tells the story of her life. We learn that the heroine considers childhood the happiest time of her life. And no wonder - “We had a good, non-drinking family,” in which everyone loved and cared for each other. However, soon the time came to get married. Although here the heroine was lucky - her husband, a “stranger,” loved Matryona. But, having got married, the heroine found herself “in bondage from the will” - in a large family, where she, the youngest daughter-in-law, had to please everyone and not even count on a kind word.
Only with grandfather Savely Matryona could talk about everything, cry, ask for advice. But her grandfather, unwittingly, caused her terrible pain - he did not “look after” Matryona’s little son, “he fed Demidushka to the pigs.” And after this, the judges, investigating the case, accused Korchagina of intentional murder and did not allow the baby to be buried without an autopsy.
Nekrasov emphasizes the heroine’s helplessness and lack of rights; she can only follow Savely’s advice:
Be patient, multi-branched one!
Be patient, long-suffering one!
We can't find the truth.
These words became the refrain of the heroine’s entire life, who had to endure terrible hunger, illness, and insults from those in power. Only once did she “find the truth” - she “begged” her husband from the governor Elena Alexandrovna, and saved Philip from an unjust soldiery. Perhaps that’s why, or maybe because she didn’t break down, didn’t lose the will to live, and they called Matryona happy.
However, she herself, without complaining about fate, does not consider herself happy. Matryona thinks that there cannot be happy women among women, because it is written in their nature to worry, suffer for loved ones, take on other people’s work, and so on:
Don't touch women
What a god! you pass with nothing
To the grave!
To support this idea, the author cites a parable about the keys “to women’s happiness” that no one can find - even God himself forgot about their existence.
Thus, in the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus',” Nekrasov generally showed the fate of a Russian woman, a Russian peasant woman. According to the author, her share is the heaviest. A woman has to suffer from a powerless position in the family and in society, worry about the fate of her children and loved ones, and work backbreakingly. However, even in such conditions, the Russian peasant woman knows how to maintain her external and inner beauty, your soul - love for people, kindness, desire to live, give birth to children, enjoy harmonious work.
(No ratings yet)
Other writings:
- He did not carry a heart in his chest, Who did not shed tears over you. N. A. Nekrasov N. A. Nekrasov is rightly considered the first singer of a Russian peasant woman to depict the tragedy of her situation and glorify the struggle for her liberation. He spoke loudly and clearly about Read More......
- N. A. Nekrasov devotes his final work, the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus',” to a symbolic search for a happy person in Rus'. The author explores the life of various layers of Russian society: peasants, landowners, clergy. The fate of the Russian peasant woman becomes a special topic, because it turns out to be even more difficult, Read More ......
- N. A. Nekrasov dedicates the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” to a symbolic search for a happy person in Rus'. The seven main characters, while traveling, learn about the life of different segments of the Russian population: the clergy, landowners, peasants. But the special theme of Nekrasov’s work is the fate of the Russian peasant woman. Nekrasov Read More ......
- 1. Seven wanderers looking for a happy man. 2. Ermil Girin. 3. “Serf Woman” Matryona Timofeevna. 4. Grigory Dobrosklonov. The theme of searching for a happy lot and “mother truth” occupies a significant place in the folklore tradition, on which N. A. Nekrasov relied when creating the poem “To whom in Rus' Read More ......
- Plot basis The poems are the search for happiness in Rus'. N.A. Nekrasov aims to cover as widely as possible all aspects of the life of the Russian village in the period immediately after the abolition of serfdom. And therefore, a poet cannot do without a description of life Read More......
- Nekrasov in his poem paints the image of a woman, Matryona Timofeevna. Using the example of the life of Matryona Timofeevna, Nekrasov shows the life of village girls, reveals character traits, and describes their destinies. The image of Matryona Timofeevna is collective. Matryona Timofeevna appears before us as a beautiful and hardworking woman. Nekrasov describes Read More......
- In his poem N.A. Nekrasov creates images of “new people” who emerged from the people’s environment and became active fighters for the good of the people. This is Ermil Girin. Whatever position he is in, whatever he does, he strives to be useful to the man, Read More......
In Nekrasov’s poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'”, the main character of the great poet’s work – the people – appears more fully and brightly than in other works. Here Nekrasov draws Various types peasants, comprehensively shows their life - both in grief and in “happiness”.
One of the most striking in the poem is the image of Matryona Timofeevna, a typical Russian peasant woman, an image that embodies the traits of all the women of Mother Russia with their difficult and sometimes tragic fate, but who managed to preserve their natural intelligence, kindness, and love for their neighbors.
The images of peasant women drawn by Nekrasov in works written before the poem “Who Lives Well in Russia” are incomparable with the image of Matryona Timofeevna. If earlier the poet portrayed the peasant woman as patient, downtrodden (“you are all the embodiment of fear, you are all the age-old languor”), submissive (“to submit to the slave until the grave”), now he seeks to show the emergence in the Russian woman of anger, protest against inhumane conditions , the desire to get rid of humility and submission.
In all her greatness, Matryona Timofeevna appears before us: she is “stern and dark,” “a dignified woman, broad and dense, about thirty-eight years old.” Nekrasov describes the beauty of Matryona Timofeevna with warmth and love: “... graying hair, large, stern eyes, rich eyelashes...”
A peasant woman tells the wanderers the deeply moving story of her life. Her family “was good,” they didn’t drink, everyone loved her, cared for her and spoiled her. The girl grew up cheerful and hard-working, she loved nature, did not know trouble and sorrow. But after Matryona’s marriage, fate turned away from her. Matryona’s path was difficult: her new family did not like her, everyone tried to offend her, overwhelm her with work, and her husband did not spoil her. But then she gave birth to a son, Demushka, who drove “all the anger from the soul” of the mother. Matryona calmed down: “No matter what they tell me, I work, no matter how much they scold me, I remain silent.”
But trouble does not come alone. My beloved Demushka died, my parents and grandfather Savely, a man spiritually close to Matryona, died, and my husband was almost drafted into the army.
Matryona did not remain a soldier; pride awoke in her, anger and resentment at such injustice. With her own strength, the peasant woman achieved the return of her husband Philip, and did not submit to fate.
After a story about the most difficult trials she endured in life, Matryona Timofeevna confesses to the wanderers: “I carry a bowed head, an angry heart...”
Matryona Timofeevna is a worthy granddaughter of grandfather Savely; in terms of courage and vitality, she is in no way inferior to him. She does not tolerate, but acts, seeks and finds a way out of the most difficult situations. The character of this woman is new type in the depiction of the peasantry. And although not all vices have yet been exterminated, new character traits that were previously not characteristic of the people are already appearing here. A type of peasant rebel, fighter and patriot appears.
I believe that the image of Matryona. Timofeevna deepens understanding of life ordinary people, shows their development, initial fearlessness and courage combined with kindness, affection, and dedication.
The image of Matryona Timofeevna is in many ways a new type of Russian peasant woman.
(No ratings yet)
Other writings:
- Nekrasov in his poem paints the image of a woman, Matryona Timofeevna. Using the example of the life of Matryona Timofeevna, Nekrasov shows the life of village girls, reveals character traits, and describes their destinies. The image of Matryona Timofeevna is collective. Matryona Timofeevna appears before us as a beautiful and hardworking woman. Nekrasov describes Read More......
- N. A. Nekrasov dedicates the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” to a symbolic search for a happy person in Rus'. The seven main characters, while traveling, learn about the life of different segments of the Russian population: the clergy, landowners, peasants. But the special theme of Nekrasov’s work is the fate of the Russian peasant woman. Nekrasov Read More ......
- N. A. Nekrasov devotes his final work, the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus',” to a symbolic search for a happy person in Rus'. The author explores the life of various layers of Russian society: peasants, landowners, clergy. The fate of the Russian peasant woman becomes a special topic, because it turns out to be even more difficult, Read More ......
- “The Peasant Woman” picks up and continues the theme of noble impoverishment. The wanderers find themselves in a ruined estate: “the landowner is abroad, and the steward is dying.” A crowd of servants who have been released, but are completely unsuited to work, are slowly stealing away the master's property. Against the backdrop of blatant devastation, collapse and Read More......
- He did not carry a heart in his chest, Who did not shed tears over you. N. A. Nekrasov N. A. Nekrasov is rightly considered the first singer of a Russian peasant woman to depict the tragedy of her situation and glorify the struggle for her liberation. He spoke loudly and clearly about Read More......
- In the works of N. A. Nekrasov, many works are dedicated to a simple Russian woman. The fate of the Russian woman always worried Nekrasov. In many of his poems and poems, he talks about her difficult lot. Starting from the early poem “On the Road” and ending with the poem “To whom Read More ......
- N. A. Nekrasov created a gallery of beautiful female images. Among them is the image of the Russian peasant woman Matryona Timofeevna from the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'.” Nekrasov showed a tall man moral qualities, he praises her resilience in life trials, pride, dignity, care for family, Read More......
// / The image of a Russian woman in Nekrasov’s poem “Russian Women”
These women are known for the fact that they left everything that was dear and familiar in their native land, they went to distant and terrible Siberia to their spouses, ready to share with them all the hardships and hardships.
The long journey makes it possible to remember the happy moments of youth that passed in wealth and prosperity. The road is dangerous and presents obstacles, but the women cannot be turned away from the path they have firmly decided to follow.
The fact that they will have to lose all the privileges of their position in society, inheritance, everything that has always been familiar and understandable will not change anything. It's hard, but it doesn't scare women or change their decisions.
Interesting in this regard is the conversation between Princess Trubetskoy and the governor of Irkutsk. The official tries in every way to dissuade the young woman, talking about all the consequences of such an act. But all persuasion is in vain. The young woman is ready to live among the convicts; she can easily walk to the place where her husband is. Life without him, her chosen one and companion, is much more unbearable for her. The governor no longer persuades the princess and lets her go. He can't help but admire this woman. And her action is truly admirable. These women, who by nature should be weak and defenseless, are shown as special creatures with a strength and courage that is not always found in men.
They draw a line between themselves and that life, which is now far away and there is no return to it. There's no going back there. They are also deprived of their rights, like their Decembrist husbands. Only a few are capable of such a feat.
In a conversation with the governor, Princess Trubetskoy expresses the idea that secular society She's been disgusted for a long time. This stupid people, a herd from which she would gladly flee to the one who is now in the rank of holy martyr. Decembrists - special people, which compare favorably with the rest. Their wives are trying to prove this to the whole world with their actions.
Of course, not everyone is able to understand and appreciate the feat of the Decembrists, just as not everyone is ready to follow their husband to distant Siberia, a foreign and harsh land. For what reason are these women willing to make such a great sacrifice? In the name of love. The wives of the Decembrists decided on this desperate step for the sake of your loved ones. They are ready to follow them to the ends of the earth and share all the hardships and torments. With their presence, these women are ready to brighten up hard life"traitors".
Nekrasov’s poem “Russian Women” brings to our attention images of two women who are similar in the main thing: fortitude and courage are superior to fragile female nature and little life experience.
These two young ladies have their whole lives ahead of them, because they are still so young. But the choice has been made, and there is no turning back. These brave and noble women, who accomplished feats for the sake of their husbands, have been admired for many centuries in a row.
The image of a Russian woman and her fate occupy a special place in Nekrasov’s poetry. A woman is always the main bearer of life, the embodiment of its fullness and diversity. In the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus',” the largest of all chapters, “The Peasant Woman,” is devoted to understanding the female lot. The image of Matryona Timofeevna embodied the features of all Russian women connected by the same fate. A woman’s lot is difficult and sometimes tragic, but, not bending under the blows of fate, the Russian woman remains the embodiment of wisdom, kindness and love.
Matryona Timofeevna Korchagina is not young, and, probably, it is no coincidence that the poet inscribed her image in the most mature, most fertile time of nature - the time of harvest. After all, maturity implies summing up life's results, rethinking the years lived - a kind of harvesting.
What does Matryona Timofeevna reap? Nekrasov shows the Russian peasant woman in all her greatness:
dignified woman,
Wide and dense
About thirty-eight years old.
Beautiful; gray streaked hair,
The eyes are big and strict
The richest eyelashes,
Severe and dark.
It is she who is sensible and strong poet entrusted the story about the difficult life of women. This part of the poem, the only one of all, is written in the first person. But the voice of a peasant woman is the voice of the entire people, who are accustomed to expressing their feelings in song. That’s why Matryona Timofeevna often doesn’t talk, but sings. The entire chapter is based on folk poetic images and motives. We see traditional rituals of peasant matchmaking, wedding cries and lamentations. We hear folk songs and the personal fate of the heroine seems to be the fate of the entire Russian people. hard life Matryona Timofeevna lived. Happy in her maidenhood, she sipped "goryushka", falling "from the maiden holiday to hell." Like all her contemporaries in new family Offenses, humiliation, and backbreaking work awaited her. These women had one joy - their children. So Demushka - “my handsome man drove away all the anger from my soul with an angelic smile.” But Demushka died and Matryona was orphaned. Other relatives also died, and my husband was under threat of being recruited. Matrena Timofeevna defended him and did not become a soldier:
Thanks to the governor
Elena Alexandrovna,
I'm so grateful to her
Like a mother!
From the moment the peasant woman begged for her happiness, they called her “governor” and “glorified her as a lucky woman.”
Raising children... Isn't it joy?
The men are perplexed: were they really looking for such happiness? But the courageous woman Matryona Timofeevna does not complain about her fate, adequately repelling all its blows. Isn't her happiness in her strength of character? After all weak person cannot be happy, he is always dissatisfied with his fate.
Nekrasov is one of the few writers who admires a woman not for her “sweet” weakness, femininity, but for the strength of character of a Russian woman, her resilience, and ability to defend her rightness. The image of Matryona Timofeevna Korchagina is one of the most vivid and capacious images of the poem, personifying the fate of Russia itself.
