A message about Arkady Petrovich Gaidar. Gaidar Arkady Petrovich (Golikov) - biography, photo, personal life

Literary and educational material about the life and work of A.P. Gaidar

Gaidar (real name- Golikov) Arkady Petrovich (1904-1941), prose writer.

Born on January 9 (22 NS) in the city of Lgov, Kursk province, in the family of a teacher. My childhood years were spent in Arzamas. He studied at a real school, but when the First World War began and his father was drafted into the army, he ran away from home a month later to go to his father at the front. Ninety kilometers from Arzamas he was detained and returned.

Later, as a teenager of fourteen, in 1918 he went to the front of the Civil War. He was a physically strong and tall guy, and after some hesitation he was accepted into the Red commanders' course. At fourteen and a half years old, he commanded a company of cadets on the Petlyura front, and at seventeen he was the commander of a separate regiment to combat banditry.

In December 1924, Gaidar left the army due to illness (after being wounded and shell-shocked). I started writing. His teachers in the craft of writing were K. Fedin, M. Slonimsky and S. Semenov, who criticized Arkady's first manuscripts and explained the techniques of literary craftsmanship.

He considered his best works to be the stories “R.V.S.” (1925), “Distant Countries”, “The Fourth Dugout” and “School” (1930), “Timur and His Team” (1940). Arkady Petrovich traveled a lot around the country, met with different people, greedily absorbed life. After the release of the story "Timur and his team" became one of the most popular writers children and teenagers.

When the Great Patriotic War began, the writer again went to the front as a war correspondent. His unit was surrounded, and they wanted to take the writer out by plane, but he refused to leave his comrades and remained in the partisan detachment as an ordinary machine gunner. On October 26, 1941, in Ukraine, near the village of Lyaplyavoya, Gaidar died in a battle with the Nazis. Buried in Kanev.

A tale about a military secret, Malchish Kibalchish and his firm word

Then evening comes, and Malchish goes to bed. But Malchish can’t sleep - well, what kind of sleep is that?

Suddenly he hears footsteps on the street and a rustling at the window. Malchish looked and saw: the same man standing at the window. That one, but not that one: and there is no horse - the horse is missing, and there is no saber - the saber is broken, and there is no hat - the hat has flown off, and he himself is standing - staggering.

- Hey, get up! - he shouted at last time. “And there are shells, but the arrows are broken.” And there are rifles, but there are few fighters. And help is close, but there is no strength. Hey, get up, who's still left! If only we could stand the night and hold out for the day.

Malchish-Kibalchish looked into the street: an empty street. The shutters don't slam, the gates don't creak - there's no one to get up. And the fathers left, and the brothers left - there was no one left.

Only Malchish sees that he came out of the gate alone old grandfather at one hundred years old. Grandfather wanted to lift the rifle, but he was so old that he couldn’t lift it. Grandfather wanted to attach the saber, but he was so weak that he couldn’t attach it. Then the grandfather sat down on the rubble, lowered his head and cried...

Then Malchish felt pain. Then Malchish-Kibalchish jumped out into the street and shouted loudly:

- Hey, you boys, little boys! Or should we boys just play with sticks and jump ropes? And the fathers left, and the brothers left. Or should we, boys, sit and wait for the bourgeoisie to come and take us into their damned bourgeoisie?

How the little boys heard such words, how they screamed at the top of their voices! Some run out the door, some climb out the window, some jump over the fence.

Everyone wants to help. Only one Bad Boy wanted to join the bourgeoisie. But this Bad guy was so cunning that he didn’t say anything to anyone, but pulled up his pants and rushed along with everyone, as if to help.

The boys fight from the dark night to the bright dawn. Only one Bad guy doesn’t fight, but keeps walking and looking for ways to help the bourgeoisie. And Plohish sees that there is a huge pile of boxes lying behind the hill, and black bombs, white shells and yellow cartridges are hidden in those boxes. “Hey,” thought Plohish, “this is what I need.”

And at this time the Chief Bourgeois asks his bourgeois:

- Well, bourgeois, have you achieved victory?

“No, Chief Bourgeois,” the bourgeois answer, “we defeated our fathers and brothers, and it was our victory, but Malchish-Kibalchish rushed to their aid, and we still can’t cope with him.”

Chief Burzhuin was very surprised and angry then, and he shouted in a menacing voice:

- Could it be that they couldn’t cope with Malchish? Oh, you worthless bourgeois cowards! How is it that you can’t break something so small? Download quickly and don't go back without winning.

So the bourgeoisie sit and think: what can they do? Suddenly they see: Bad Boy crawling out from behind the bushes and straight towards them.

- Rejoice! - he shouts to them. - I did it all, Bad Guy. I chopped wood, I hauled hay, and I lit all the boxes with black bombs, white shells and yellow cartridges. It's about to explode!..

Suddenly the lit boxes exploded! And it thundered as if thousands of thunder struck in one place and thousands of lightning flashed from one cloud.

- Treason! - Malchish-Kibalchish shouted.

- Treason! - shouted all his faithful boys.

But then, because of the smoke and fire, a bourgeois force swooped in and grabbed and tied up Malchish-Kibalchish.

They chained Malchish in heavy chains. They put Malchish in a stone tower. And they rushed to ask: what will the Chief Burzhuin now order to do with the captive Malchish?

The Chief Burzhuin thought for a long time, and then came up with an idea and said:

- We will destroy this Malchish. But let him first tell us all their Military Secrets. You go, bourgeois, and ask him:

“Why, Malchish, did the Forty Kings and Forty Kings fight with the Red Army, fight and fight, only to be defeated themselves?”

- Why, Malchish, are all the prisons full, and all the penal servitudes are packed, and all the gendarmes are on the corners, and all the troops are on their feet, but we have no peace either on a bright day or on a dark night?

- Why, Malchish, damned Kibalchish, and in my High Bourgeoisie, and in another - the Plain Kingdom, and in the third - the Snowy Kingdom, and in the fourth - the Sultry State on the same day in early spring and on the same day late autumn on different languages, but they sing the same songs, in different hands, but they carry the same banners, say the same speeches, think the same and do the same?

You ask, bourgeois:

- Doesn’t the Red Army have a military secret, Malchish? Let him tell the secret.

— Do our workers have outside help? And let him tell you where the help comes from.

- Isn’t there, Malchish, a secret passage from your country to all other countries, which will be clicked on both yours and yours?

They respond to us, just as they sing from you, they pick up from us, what they say from you, they think about it from us?

The bourgeoisie left, but soon returned:

- No, Chief Burzhuin, Malchish-Kibalchish did not reveal the Military Secret to us. He laughed in our faces.

“There is,” he says, “and the strong Red Army has a powerful secret.” And no matter when you attack, there will be no victory for you.

“There is,” he says, “incalculable help, and no matter how much you throw into prison, you still won’t throw it in, and you will have no peace either on a bright day or on a dark night.”

“There are,” he says, “and deep secret passages.” But no matter how much you search, you still won’t find it. And if they found it, don’t fill it up, don’t lay it down, don’t fill it up. And I won’t tell you, the bourgeoisie, anything more, and you, the damned ones, will never guess.

Then the Chief Burzhuin frowned and said:

- Do it, bourgeois, to this secretive Malchish-Kibalchish the most terrible torment, which only exists in the world, and extract the Military Secret from him, because we will have neither life nor peace without this important Secret.

The bourgeoisie left, but now they will not return soon. They walk and shake their heads.

“No,” they say, “our boss is Chief Burzhuin.” He stood pale, Boy, but proud, and he did not tell us the Military Secret, because he had such a firm word. And when we were leaving, he sank to the floor, put his ear to the heavy stone of the cold floor, and would you believe it, O Chief Bourgeois, he smiled so that we, the bourgeois, shuddered, and we were afraid that he had heard, How does our inevitable death walk through secret passages?..

- What country is it? - the surprised Chief Burzhuin then exclaimed. - What kind of incomprehensible country is this, in which even such little children know the Military Secret and keep their firm word so tightly? Hurry up, bourgeois, and destroy this proud Malchish. Load the cannons, take out your sabers, open our bourgeois banners, because I hear our signalmen sounding the alarm and our wavers waving their flags. Apparently, we will now have not an easy battle, but a difficult battle.

And Malchish-Kibalchish died...

hot stone

(Excerpts from a fairy tale by A. Gaidar)

Smeared with mud and clay, Ivashka struggled to pull a stone out of the swamp and, sticking out his tongue, lay down at the foot of the mountain on the dry grass.

"Here! - he thought. “Now I’ll roll a stone up the mountain, a lame old man will come, break the stone, become younger and start living all over again.” People say that he suffered a lot of grief. He is old, lonely, beaten, wounded and happy life, of course, I've never seen it. And other people saw her.” Why is he, Ivashka, young, and even then he has already seen such a life three times. This is when he was late for class and a completely unfamiliar driver gave him a ride in a shiny passenger car from the collective farm stables to the school itself. This is when in the spring with his bare hands he caught in a ditch big pike. And finally, when Uncle Mitrofan took him with him to the city for fun party May Day.

“So let the unfortunate old man good life he’ll see,” Ivashka generously decided.

He stood up and patiently pulled the stone up the mountain.

And before sunset, an old man came to the mountain to the exhausted and chilled Ivashka, who was huddled and drying his dirty, wet clothes near a hot stone.

“Why, grandpa, didn’t you bring a hammer, an ax, or a crowbar?” - cried the surprised Ivashka. “Or do you hope to break the stone with your hand?”

“No, Ivashka,” answered the old man, “I don’t hope to break it with my hand.” I won't break the stone at all, because I don't want to start living all over again.

Then the old man approached the amazed Ivashka and stroked his head. Ivashka felt the old man’s heavy palm tremble.

“You, of course, thought that I was old, lame, ugly and unhappy,” the old man said to Ivashka. “But in fact, I am the happiest person in the world.”

A blow from a log broke my leg, but that was when we, still clumsily, were tearing down fences and building barricades, raising an uprising against the Tsar, whom you only saw in the picture.

My teeth were knocked out, but that was when, thrown into prison, we sang revolutionary songs together. In battle, they cut my face with a saber, but this was when the first people’s regiments were already beating and crushing the white enemy army.

On the straw, in the low, cold barracks, I tossed about in delirium, sick with typhus. And the words that sounded over me more menacingly than death were the words that our country was surrounded and the enemy’s power was overpowering us. But, waking up with the first ray of the newly sparkling sun, I learned that the enemy had been defeated again and that we were advancing again.

And, happy, from bed to bed we stretched out our bony hands to each other and then timidly dreamed that even if not with us, but after us, our country would be as it is now - powerful and great. Isn’t this, stupid Ivashka, happiness?! And what do I need another life? Another youth? When mine was difficult, but clear and honest!

Here the old man fell silent, took out his pipe and lit a cigarette.

- Yes, grandfather! - Ivashka said quietly then. - But if so, then why did I try and drag this stone up the mountain, when it could very calmly lie in its swamp?

“Let it lie in plain sight,” said the old man, “and you will see, Ivashka, what will come of it.”

Many years have passed since then, but that stone still lies on that mountain unbroken.

And a lot of people visited him. They will come up, look, think, shake their heads and go home.

I was on that mountain once. Somehow my conscience was uneasy, Bad mood. “Well,” I thought, “I’ll just hit the stone and start living all over again!”

However, he stood still and came to his senses in time.

“Eh! - I think the neighbors will say when they see me looking younger. - Here comes the young fool! He apparently failed to live one life the way he should, he didn’t see his happiness and now he wants to start the same thing all over again.”

According to the writer’s son, T.A. Gaidar, this fairy tale contains the writer’s life credo - life is given

a person once, he needs to live it with dignity, it cannot be “rewritten in full” later. Addressing young readers in a fairy tale, Arkady Gaidar says something intimate about himself: “And what do I need any other life? Another youth? When mine was difficult, but clear and honest!”

Biography of Gaidar for 4th grade will briefly tell you about life Soviet writer, author of children's books, film scriptwriter, participant in the Civil and Great Patriotic Wars. Message about Arkady Gaidar can be supplemented with interesting facts.

Arkady Gaidar biography for children briefly

Arkady Petrovich Gaidar (real name Golikov) was born on January 9 (22), 1904 in the town of Lgov into a family of teachers. He spent his childhood years in the Nizhny Novgorod region, the city of Arzamas. Here he studied at a real school. At the beginning of the First World War, his father was called to the front, and the boy ran away from home, also fighting with him. But on the way, Arkady was detained and returned home.

In 1918, at the age of 14, he entered the communist party and begins to work at the newspaper "Hammer". In the same year, the young man was enlisted in the Red Army. The future writer graduated from the Higher Rifle School and was appointed commander of a section of the Nizhny Novgorod regiment. Golikov took part in hostilities on the Caucasus Front, on the Don, and near Sochi. In 1922, he took part in the suppression of the anti-Soviet insurgency in Khakassia.

Arkady Petrovich proved himself to be a rather strict boss who dealt with the enemy with cruelty. On his orders, the uluses were shot. After the incident, Golikov was demobilized and diagnosed with “traumatic neurosis.” From that moment literary activity began.

In 1925, he published his first story in the Leningrad almanac “Kovsh” under the title “In the Days of Defeats and Victories.” Over time, Arkady Petrovich moved to Perm and began publishing his works under the pseudonym Gaidar. In 1930 he finished work on “School” and “The Fourth Dugout”.

Since 1932, the writer has worked as a traveling correspondent for the Pacific Star newspaper. In the period 1932 - 1940, his stories such as “ A military secret"", "Blue Cup", "Distant Countries", "The Fate of the Drummer", "Chuk and Gek", "Timur and His Team". During the Great Patriotic War works as a correspondent for the newspaper " TVNZ" Creates essays on the works “Rockets and Grenades”, “Bridge”, “At the Crossing”, fairy tales “Hot Stone” and “At the Front Edge”.

In 1941, Arkady Petrovich served as a machine gunner in Gorelov’s partisan detachment.

On October 26 of the same year, Gaidar Arkady Petrovich was killed by the Germans near the village of Leplyavo, Kanevsky district.

• In 1939 he was awarded the Order of the Badge of Honor, and in 1964 he was posthumously awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree.
• The writer suffered from constant headaches and mood swings, so he underwent treatment in a psychiatric clinic more than once.
• Arkady Petrovich was married three times. His first wife was nurse Maria Plaksina. The marriage produced a son, Zhenya, who died at the age of about 2 years. The second time he married Leah Solomyanskaya, who gave him a son, Timur. The writer's third wife was Dora Chernysheva. Gaidar became a foster father for her daughter.
• Gaidar was close friends with the writers Fraerman, Paustovsky and Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya.
• Arkady Petrovich repeatedly complained to his attending physician that he was haunted in his dreams by the ghosts of people who were killed by him or on his orders.

Arkady Petrovich Gaidar (Golikov) was born on January 9 (22), 1904 in the city of Lgov, Kursk province, into a family of teachers. The boy spent most of his childhood in Arzamas - small town Nizhny Novgorod region. Here the future writer studied at a real school.

Arkady was selfless already at an early age. When first world war his father was taken to the front, the boy ran away from home to also go to fight. However, he was detained on the way.

In 1918 in short biography Gaidar happened an important event- Fourteen-year-old Arkady joined the Communist Party and began working for the newspaper Molot. At the end of the year he was enlisted in the Red Army.

Service in the active army

After completing command training courses in Moscow in 1919, Golikov was appointed assistant platoon commander. In 1911 he graduated from the Higher Rifle School ahead of schedule. Soon he was appointed commander of a section of the Nizhny Novgorod regiment, fought on the Don, on the Caucasus Front, near Sochi.

In 1922, Golikov participated in the suppression of the anti-Soviet insurgent movement in Khakassia, whose leader was I. Solovyov. Heading the command of the second combat area in the Yenisei province, Arkady Petrovich gave rather strict orders aimed at cruel treatment of local residents who opposed the arrival of Soviet power.

In May 1922, by order of Golikov, five uluses were shot. The provincial department of the GPU found out about what happened. Arkady Petrovich was demobilized with a diagnosis of “traumatic neurosis”, which arose after an unsuccessful fall from a horse. This event became a turning point in Gaidar’s biography.

Literary activity

In 1925, Golikov published the story “In the Days of Defeats and Victories” in the Leningrad almanac “Kovsh”. Soon the writer moved to Perm, where he first began publishing under the pseudonym Gaidar. In 1930, work on the works “School” and “The Fourth Dugout” was completed.

Since 1932, Arkady Petrovich has worked as a traveling correspondent for the Pacific Star newspaper. In 1932 - 1938, the novels and stories “Distant Countries”, “Military Secret”, “The Blue Cup”, “The Fate of the Drummer” were published. In 1939 - 1940, the writer completed work on his most famous works for children - “Timur and his team”, “Chuk and Gek”, which are now being studied in primary school.

The Great Patriotic War

During the Great Patriotic War, the writer Gaidar worked as a correspondent for Komsomolskaya Pravda. During this period, Arkady Petrovich created the essays “The Bridge”, “Rockets and Grenades”, “At the Crossing”, “At the Front Edge”, and the philosophical fairy tale “Hot Stone”.

In 1941 he served as a machine gunner in Gorelov's partisan detachment.

On October 26, 1941, Arkady Petrovich Gaidar was killed by the Germans near the village of Leplyavo, Kanevsky district. The writer was buried in 1947 in Kanev, Cherkasy region.

Other biography options

• According to the most famous version, the pseudonym “Gaidar” stands for “Golikov Arkady D’ARzamas” (by analogy with the name d’Artagnan from Dumas’ novel).
• In 1939, Gaidar was awarded the Order of the Badge of Honor, and in 1964 he was posthumously awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree.
• Arkady Gaidar suffered from severe headaches and mood swings and was repeatedly treated in a psychiatric clinic.
• Gaidar’s personal life did not develop immediately. The writer was married three times - to nurse Maria Plaksina (their son died before he was two years old), Komsomol member Liya Solomyanskaya (their son Timur was born in the marriage) and Dora Chernysheva (adopted his wife’s daughter).
• Among Gaidar's close friends were the writers Fraerman and Paustovsky.

Biography test

To test your knowledge of Gaidar’s short biography, try answering the test questions.

Arkady Golikov (Gaidar) – children's writer, participant in the bloody Civil War and punisher of the anti-Soviet underground. Golikov is one of the most contradictory personalities V Soviet history. Who is he: a brutal killer of civilians, an inveterate alcoholic, or a talented children's writer?

Childhood

Arkady Petrovich was born on January 9 (22), 1904 in the town of Lgov, in the Kursk province. On his mother’s side, the writer was a hereditary nobleman (moreover, his mother Natalya was related to him), on his father’s side he was the grandson of a serf.

Arkady Gaidar with his parents and sisters

Later family moved to the city of Arzamas. Arkady was the first-born, and in his new place he had three sisters - Natasha, Katya and Olya. Researchers claim that talent awoke in the writer as early as early years: he learned to compose and speak in rhyme before he learned to write and count.

At the age of 10, the boy is sent to the Arzamas real school. Here the young schoolboy attempted to escape to the front, where his father had previously been taken, but the boy was returned home under escort. While studying at the school, Arkady amazed his teachers with his excellent memory - he memorized entire books and textbook texts.

Military career

After the fall royal family Many parties and student committees appeared in Arzamas. In the summer of 1917, Golikov received the position of delivery boy, and in 1918 he joined the Bolshevik squad. Initially, the Bolsheviks took the young man into the RCP (b) as a candidate, and 15-year-old Golikov became a full member of the party on December 15, 1918. At first he served as an adjutant, later he headed the security department railway.

The young man constantly asked to go to the front, but the commander insisted that the guy first undergo specialized training. And so it happened - Golikov went to the Moscow command courses of the Red Army. Later the institution moved to Ukraine, to Kyiv. Once in Kyiv, Arkady fought with the Petliurists and Ukrainian rebels.

In 1919, Golikov became a commander, and in 1920, a commissar of headquarters. At the age of 17, he knew more about military affairs than many commanders. In 1921 he received the rank of regimental squad commander. Golikov fought on different fronts (in Sochi, on the Don, on the Caucasus front), where he suffered from typhus, was wounded and shell-shocked twice. In 1922 he was sent to suppress the anti-Soviet uprising in Khakassia. Here the young commander showed himself to be a bloodthirsty tyrant, who disliked Jews and shot the population on suspicion of banditry.

According to historians, Gaidar pushed women and children off cliffs and killed anyone he suspected of anti-Soviet activity. In 1922, he was accused of abuse of power. Gaidar was stripped of his position and expelled from the party, and was sent for a psychiatric examination. The case ended with a diagnosis of “traumatic neurosis.”

Creation

Arkady Petrovich returned from the front as an inveterate alcoholic with a fairly damaged psyche.

“From the ship to the ball” - this is how historians characterize literary activity Golikov, which began immediately after the end military career. Arkady took his first manuscript, “In the Days of Defeats and Victories,” and brought it to the popular Leningrad almanac “Kovsh.” With the words: “I am Arkady Golikov, and this is my novel and I ask you to publish it,” the writer handed over several covered notebooks to the editor. And the work was published.

Then the writer moved to Perm, where his first work was published in the magazine “Zvezda” under the pseudonym Gaidar (“Corner House”).

In subsequent years, he published essays and feuilletons. In between nervous breakdowns and travel, he writes his best books: “RVS”, “School” and “Fourth dugout”. Several times Arkady Petrovich is taken away by doctors with bouts of delirium tremens, and later he was arrested for shooting while drunk.

This is followed by several suicide attempts - the writer tries to cut his wrists. Boris Zaks, a fellow journalist, claimed that his hands were covered with large scars, and Arkady cut his veins more than once. In 1932, Golikov was admitted to a psychiatric hospital, where he wrote “Military Secret.” In total, according to Gaidar himself, he was in psychiatric hospitals 8-10 times.

In 1938, the children's writer gained all-Union fame - the country was reading books and collections of his stories with might and main, memorizing “Timur and his team”, “Chuk and Gek” by heart. The writer took his son Timur and adopted daughter Zhenya to Crimea and forgot about psychological problems for a while.

In March 1941, Arkady Petrovich, while relaxing in the Sokolniki sanatorium, met Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya. When the war began, Gaidar had just received an order to write a film script based on the work “Timur and His Team.” The script was completed within 12 days, after which Arkady wrote a statement to the front.

Personal life

The writer was married three times during his life:

The writer's first wife was Maria Nikolaevna Plaksina, a 17-year-old nurse. The writer himself was 17 years old at the time of his marriage. The first wife gave Gaidar a son, Zhenya, but the first-born died in infancy.

Golikov’s second wife was 17-year-old Liya Lazarevna Solomyanskaya, a supporter of the pioneer movement and organizer of the newspaper “Miracle Ant.” In 1926, the couple had a son, Timur. However, it was difficult to live with the writer; he drank alcohol and suffered from mental disorders. In 1931, his wife Leah took her son and left her husband for Samson Glyazer (a journalist for Komsomolskaya Pravda).

For the third time, the writer tied the knot with Dora Chernysheva. This happened in 1938. Being an elderly woman, Dora already had a daughter, Evgenia, whom Arkady later adopted.

Last years and death

Despite the prohibitions, the writer still arrived at the front. He arrived in Kyiv. Acted as a correspondent and helped with advice. Later he found himself behind German lines, and then became a member of a partisan detachment.

Having gone on reconnaissance in 1941, the writer, along with several partisans, found himself in an ambush near a railway embankment on October 26. Having discovered the enemy, Gaidar managed to warn his own, shouting: “Guys, Germans!” This phrase saved the lives of the remaining partisans, but led to the death of Arkady Petrovich.

However, there is another version of events, according to which the writer did not die on October 26. Ukrainian journalist Viktor Glushchenko, after conducting his own investigation, learned that Gaidar and several partisans were sheltered by a woman, Kristina Kuzmenko. Having lived with Christina until spring, the warriors moved towards the front, but were captured. Later the partisans managed to escape. They hid in the forest, and a certain Ulyana Dobrenko brought them food. This data turned out to be insufficient to revise the story of Gaidar’s death. Another fact is also doubtful - the body of the murdered man was wearing an officer’s uniform and woolen underwear, which in no way fits with the story about the partisans.

Today, dozens of streets are named after Arkady Gaidar, his image is used in music and literature, and in Khabarovsk there is a memorial to the writer.

Curious facts

More than 70 years have passed since the death of the writer. However, researchers are still arguing about its life history.

Interesting facts about Arkady Gaidar:

• The writer joined the ranks of the Red Army at the age of 15.
• Historian Andrei Burovsky gives alternative version Golikov's enrollment in the Red Army. In his opinion, Arkady’s mother enlisted in the army to save him from retribution for the murder (or murders) that her son committed. Gaidar, during fits of madness, once admitted that in teenage years committed a murder: “I dreamed about the people I killed as a child...”

• The history of the writer’s pseudonym is also interesting. According to one version, “Gaidar” is translated from Turkic as “messenger”, “advanced horseman”. Another source claims that the pseudonym comes from the phrase “Golikov Arkady from Arzamas.” The third version reports that the pseudonym originates from the Khakass word “Haidar”, which means “where”. During the service in Khakassia, locals shouted: “Haidar-Golik is coming!”
• There is an opinion that gravestone in Kanev (a city in the Cherkasy region) it is not Arkady Gaidar who lies at all. In particular, several years after burial, the slab cracked. It was replaced with a new one, but it was also cracked.

• There is a version that Timur (the son of Leah Solomyanskaya) is not the writer’s own son, but an adopted son. The writer first saw Timur only at the age of two, and at the time of his alleged conception (April 1926) Gaidar was in Central Asia. Thus, it is possible that the writer has no blood descendants.

Bibliography

The most famous works Golikova:

• "The Blue Cup" (1936);
• "Timur and his team" (1940),
• "Drummer's Fate" (1938),
• "School" (1930);
• "RVS" (1925);
• "The fourth dugout."

Arkady Gaidar (Golikov) is a popular children's writer, whose books have recently been devoured by the whole country.

Thanks to him, a new trend arose - the Timurovtsy youth organization.

However, his life was quite tragic. He went through the revolution and was a participant in the Great Patriotic War.

Childhood and school years

The future writer of children's books was born in Lgov on January 22, 1904. His parents were intelligent and well-read people.

Father - Peter Golikov worked as a teacher in rural school, and mother Natalya was a midwife.

A few years later, fearing arrest, they left the city of Lgov, moving to Arzamas. There, little Arkady was sent to school.

The Golikov family had a large library, and from a very young age the boy was surrounded by fairy tales, poems and stories that were heard in his family.

In 1912, when his father went to war, Arkady was very worried and constantly rushed to the front to fight enemies.

In elementary school, he even tried to go to the front on foot, but the little fugitive was found and returned home.

Arkady Golikov grew up a very well-read child, and at school he produced good impression for a literature teacher - Nikolai Sokolov.

Subsequently, it is their close communication that will play big role in the life of Gaidar.

N. Sokolov and Arkady often spent time talking about literature, writers and history. These conversations became for the future writer “a stronghold of knowledge of Russian literature.”

In 1917, a teacher brought 11-year-old Arkady to the Bolshevik club. At the age of 14, he joined the party and published his first poems in the newspaper Molot.

Bolshevik life consumed the teenager. He participates in rallies and patrols the streets of Arzamas. Soon he moved to Moscow, where he entered the Red Commanders Course.

War years

In the capital, he begins to serve as a battalion adjutant. In August 1919, he and some of his comrades were sent to Kiev to the front.

At that moment Arkady felt the most happy man, because his old dream came true - to go to the front.

In the first battles, Arkady learns that death is not a beautiful duel with the enemy, and death has a terrible face.

In December of the same year, he received a bullet wound in the leg and a concussion from a shell explosion. He is sent to the hospital.

The consequences of this injury will haunt the writer throughout the rest of his life.

After the amendment, the young commander is offered training at the Vystrel Higher Rifle School.

After graduating, in 1920 Arkady became chief of staff in Voronezh.

A year later, he heads an anti-banditry regiment and goes to serve in Siberia.

Shell shock and suffering during the war were not in vain for the young man.

At 20 years old, diagnosed with exhaustion nervous system“he ends up in the hospital again, and with a psychiatric profile.

Subsequently, he will undergo repeated courses of treatment in psychiatric clinics, struggling with severe headaches, irritability and mood swings.

Then Gaidar is transferred to the reserve. It was now worth forgetting about the career of a Red Army soldier.

The next time he comes into contact with the war is in 1941. He will not be able to stay away, and will apply to the front, but he will be refused.

I had to go to war by deception. Arkady takes a mandate from the newspaper “Komsomolskaya Pravda” and goes to the mouth of the Great Patriotic War as a correspondent.

He soon begins to participate in battles and intelligence operations.

Arkady Gaidar died on October 26, 1941 near the village of Leplyaevo. He commanded a partisan detachment.

Returning from a mission, they were ambushed. Arkady attracted attention to himself, giving others time to leave, and thereby saving the lives of his fellow soldiers.

He himself died from a German bullet that hit him right in the heart. He was only 37 years old.

Personal life

The first love overtook 17-year-old Arkady during civil war in hospital.

Nurse Maria Plaksina worked there. Young people fall in love and get married.

Soon they have a son, Evgeniy. But due to constant travel and life in military units, the boy falls ill and dies. This marked the end of a happy marriage.

A few years later, the young commander marries a second time. This time his chosen one is the daughter of a Bolshevik, Liya Lazarevna Solomyanskaya. She was also involved in journalistic activities.

This marriage gave Arkady a long-awaited child - the boy Timur. Subsequently, the writer would name the main character of his legendary novel by the name of his son.

The second marriage was also short-lived. Arkady and Leah were together for only 5 years, then she left for another man, taking Timur with her.

He is very worried about parting with his son and leaves for Khabarovsk.

And in 1938 he moved to the city of Klin, Moscow region, rented an apartment in the Chernyshovs’ house.

There he met his last wife, Dora Matveevna. She had a daughter from her first marriage.

Arkady, having married her, adopted her girl.

Writing activity

Arkady Gaidar began writing his first book, “In the Days of Defeats and Victories,” while still in Siberia, where he fought with bandits.

In fact, he wrote his autobiography, but he signed it with his real name didn't want to.

He took a pseudonym - Gaidar. There are many versions of what it could mean.

According to one, this is what the Turks called Arkady when he passed by. According to another, Gaidar is a rebus in which the writer encrypted his first name, last name and hometown.

After demobilization from the army, he came to Leningrad in 1924 and published a book in the local newspaper. However, it did not bring much success.

Arkady begins to work as a journalist, traveling all over the country, continuing to write stories along the way.

In the late 20s and 30s, his writing activity took on a children's focus.

Such stories as “School”, “R.V.S.”, “On the Count’s Ruins” appear.

The latter was filmed in 1957. It is with them that Arkady's popularity as a children's writer begins.

In 1931, Arkady Gaidar moved to Khabarovsk and there he got a job at the Pacific Star newspaper.

In 1935, the story “The Fate of the Drummer” was published, a year later “The Blue Cup”.

My own general ledger, which became famous throughout the Soviet Union and outlived the author himself - “Timur and His Team”, as well as the continuation “The Commandant of the Snow Fortress” he wrote in the late 30s in Klin.

Soon this book formed the basis for the film of the same name directed by A.E. Reasonable.

This novel, telling about the life of a brave and sympathetic pioneer, marked the beginning of the Timurovtsy youth movement, which acquired unprecedented proportions in the post-war period.

In 1939, the writer wrote another one of his famous story"Chuk and Gek."

Despite his military background, Arkady's writing often encountered obstacles. He was accused of treason and espionage.