EMPERORS

Emperor (from lat. imperator - sovereign) - the title of the monarch, head of state (empire).

Emperors in Russia were from 1721 to 1917. The title Emperor of All Russia (Emperor of All Russia) was adopted for the first time after the victory in the Northern War by Peter I the Great on October 22, 1721 at the request of the Senate “as usual from the Roman Senate for the noble deeds of emperors, such titles were publicly presented to them as a gift and on statutes for memory in eternal childbirth signed. The last Emperor Nicholas II was overthrown during the February Revolution of 1917.

The emperor had supreme autocratic power (since 1906 - legislative power together with the State Duma and the State Council), officially he was titled "His Imperial Majesty" (in short form - "Sovereign" or "H.I.V.").

Article 1 of the Fundamental Laws of the Russian Empire indicated that “The All-Russian Emperor is an autocratic and unlimited Monarch. To obey his supreme authority, not only out of fear, but also out of conscience, God himself commands. The terms "autocratic" and "unlimited", coinciding in their meaning, indicate that all the functions of state power in law formation, expedient activity within the law (administrative-executive) and the administration of justice are performed undividedly and without the obligatory participation of other institutions by the head of state, who transfers the implementation of some of them by certain bodies acting on his behalf and by his authority (Article 81).

Russia under the emperors was a legal state with a monarchical-unlimited form of government.

Full title of emperor at the beginning of the 20th century. was like this (Article 37 of the Basic Laws of the Russian Empire):
By God's hastening mercy, We, ΝΝ, Emperor and Autocrat of All Russia, Moscow, Kiev, Vladimir, Novgorod; Tsar of Kazan, Tsar of Astrakhan, Tsar of Poland, Tsar of Siberia, Tsar of Tauric Chersonis, Tsar of Georgia; Sovereign of Pskov and Grand Duke of Smolensk, Lithuanian, Volyn, Podolsk and Finland; Prince of Estonia, Livonia, Courland and Semigalsky, Samogitsky, Belostoksky, Korelsky, Tversky, Yugorsky, Permsky, Vyatsky, Bulgarian and others; Sovereign and Grand Duke of Novgorod Nizovsky lands, Chernigov, Ryazan, Polotsk, Rostov, Yaroslavl, Belozersky, Udorsky, Obdorsky, Kondia, Vitebsk, Mstislav and all northern countries Sovereign; and Sovereign of Iversky, Kartalinsky and Kasardinsky lands and regions of Armenia; Cherkasy and Mountain Princes and other Hereditary Sovereign and Possessor; Sovereign of Turkestan; Heir of Norway, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein, Stormarn, Dithmarsen and Oldenburg and others, and others, and others.

In some cases, determined by law, an abbreviated form of title was used: “By God's hastening mercy, We, ΝΝ, Emperor and Autocrat of All Russia, Moscow, Kiev, Vladimir, Novgorod; Tsar of Kazan, Tsar of Astrakhan, Tsar of Poland, Tsar of Siberia, Tsar of Tauric Chersonis, Tsar of Georgia, Grand Duke of Finland and others, and others, and others.

After the adoption by Peter the Great of the title of emperor, on October 22 (November 2), 1721, and the recognition of his title by other countries, the Russian state began to be called the Russian Empire (Russian Empire).

On February 5 (16), 1722, Peter the Great issued a decree on succession to the throne, in which he abolished the ancient custom of transferring the throne to direct male descendants, but allowed, at the will of the monarch, the appointment of any worthy person as heir.

On April 5 (16), 1797, Paul I established a new order of succession. Since that time, the order of succession to the Russian throne is based on the principle of primogeniture, i.e. with the accession to the throne by the descendants of their ascendants in the event of the death or abdication of the latter by the time the inheritance is opened. In the absence of heirs in a straight line, the throne should pass to the side ones. Within each line (straight or side), males are preferred over females, and male sidelines are invoked before females. Accession to the throne for the called must be limited to the confession of the Orthodox faith. The majority of the reigning emperor (and heir) comes at the age of sixteen, until this age (as well as in other cases of incapacity) his power is exercised by the ruler, who may be (if there is no person specially appointed by the reigning emperor), the surviving father or mother of the emperor , and in their absence - the closest adult heir.

All the emperors who ruled Russia belonged to one imperial family - the House of Romanov, the first representative of which became the monarch in 1613. Since 1761, the descendants of the daughter of Peter I Anna and the Duke of Holstein-Gottorp Karl-Friedrich reigned, who descended from the family in the male line Holstein-Gottorpov (a branch of the Oldenburg dynasty), and in the genealogy these representatives of the Romanov dynasty, starting from Peter III, are called the Romanovs-Holstein-Gottorp.

By birthright and in terms of the scope of his powers, the emperor was the supreme leader of a great world power, the first official in the state. On behalf of the emperor, all laws were issued, they were appointed to positions.

All government ministers, governors and other senior officials. It was the emperor who determined the most important areas of government activity, including issues of war and peace, and almost uncontrollably disposed of state finances.

The organic nature of the Russian autocracy is inextricably linked with the historical conditions of development and the fate of the Russian Empire, the peculiarities of the Russian folk mentality. The supreme power had support in the minds and souls of the Russian people. The monarchical idea was popular and accepted by society.

In their objective role, all the emperors of Russia were major political figures, whose activities reflected both public interests and contradictions, as well as their personal qualities.

Mind and education, political predilections, moral principles, life principles and features of the psychological make-up of the character of the monarch largely determined the direction and nature of the domestic and foreign policy of the Russian state and, ultimately, were of great importance for the fate of the whole country.

In 1917, with the abdication of Nicholas II for himself and his son Tsarevich Alexei, the imperial title and the empire itself were abolished.

EMPEROR (Latin - imperator, from impero - to command), one of the monarchical titles (along with the king, king); the title of head of the empire. Initially, in ancient Rome, the word imperium denoted the supreme power (military, judicial, administrative), which was possessed by the highest magistrates - consuls, praetors, dictators, etc. From the beginning of the 1st century AD, the time of Augustus and his successors, the title of emperor acquired in the Roman Empire monarchical character. With the introduction of tetrarchy (four power) under Diocletian, two emperors (Augustus) were given co-rulers with the title of Caesar. With the fall of the Western Roman Empire (476), the title of emperor was preserved in the East - in Byzantium; in the West it was restored by Charlemagne I (800) and then by the German king Otto I the Great (from 962 Holy Roman Emperor). Later, this title was taken by the monarchs of some other states (for example, the Austrian emperor - from 1804). In European literature, the term "emperor" is applied to the monarchs of a number of non-European states (for example, China - until 1911, Japan, Ethiopia - until 1975).

In Russia, Tsar Peter I became the first emperor. He assumed the title of emperor and the titles “Great” and “Father of the Fatherland” on 22.10 (2.11.) 1721 at the request of the Senate, on whose behalf G.F. Dolgorukov, G.I. Golovkin, A. D. Menshikov and others. At the same time, Russia, the first of the European states in modern times, was declared an empire. Prussia, the Netherlands and Sweden (1722) were the first to recognize the title of Russian emperor, then the Ottoman Empire (1739), Great Britain and the Holy Roman Empire (1742), France and Spain (1745), the Commonwealth (1764).

The full imperial title, according to the decree of Peter I of November 11 (22), 1721, is “Emperor and Autocrat of All Russia, Moscow, Kiev, Vladimir, Novgorod; Tsar of Kazan, Tsar of Astrakhan, Tsar of Siberia; Sovereign of Pskov and Grand Duke of Smolensk, Prince of Estonia, Lifland, Karelian, Tver, Yugorsk, Perm, Vyatka, Bulgarian and others; Sovereign and Grand Duke of Novgorod, Nizovskaya land, Chernigov, Ryazan, Rostov, Yaroslavl, Belozersky, Udorsky, Obdorsky, Kondia and all northern countries; Sovereign and Sovereign of the Iberian lands, Kartalinsky and Georgian Kings, and Kabardian lands, Cherkasy and Mountain princes, the hereditary Sovereign and Possessor. In the 18th - early 19th centuries, with the annexation of new territories to the Russian Empire, the title of emperor was subject to changes, and was also supplemented by a number of foreign titles that passed to the Russian emperor by right of inheritance. By decree of Emperor Alexander I dated 6 (18) 6/1815, a new version of the imperial title was approved: “... King of Poland, King of Tauric Chersonesus; Grand Duke of Lithuania, Volyn, Podolsk, Finland; Prince of Courland and Semigalsky, Samogitsky, Bialystok; Sovereign and Grand Duke of Polotsk, Vitebsk, Mstislav; Heir of Norway, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein, Stormand, Ditmarsen and Oldenburg, and others, and others, and others. Subsequently, the title of emperor was subjected to minor changes: in the text of the Adrianople peace, signed on September 2 (14), 1829, the words “and the Armenian regions” were added to the title of emperor after the words “... Kabardian lands”; in the edition approved by the decree of Emperor Alexander III of 3 (15) 11/1882, the title "Sovereign of Turkestan" was added (it was mentioned before the title "Heir of Norway"). The full title of emperor was used mainly in diplomatic documents. At the same time, the middle title was used - “Emperor and Autocrat of All Russia, Moscow, Kiev, Vladimir, Novgorod; Tsar of Kazan, Tsar of Astrakhan, Tsar of Poland, Tsar of Siberia, Tsar of Tauric Chersonese, Tsar of Georgia, Grand Duke of Finland, and so on, and so on, and so on. The short title "Emperor and Autocrat of All Russia, Tsar of Poland, Grand Duke of Finland, and others, and others, and others" was often used. The full title of the emperor corresponded to the large state emblem and the large state seal, the middle one - the medium coat of arms and seal, the short one - the small coat of arms and seal. It was customary to address the emperor as “Your Imperial Majesty” (sometimes an abbreviated form was used - “Sovereign”).

After the emperor's accession to the throne, the rite of his coronation took place, since 1797 - together with his wife - the empress [due to the brevity of their stay on the throne, Ivan VI Antonovich and Peter III were not crowned; the remains of the latter were crowned on November 25 (December 6), 1796].

By law, the emperor had supreme autocratic power, and his person was "sacred and inviolable." The emperor single-handedly (until 1906) issued laws. Managed domestic and foreign policy. He appointed civil officials and officers of the first 4 classes (up to commanders in chief; in 1915, Nicholas II, the only Russian emperor, assumed the duties of commander in chief), bestowed titles, orders, other insignia, status rights. On behalf of the emperor, judicial power was exercised, he had the right to pardon, etc. However, the personal qualities of the monarchs and the specific features of the political situation in Russia at different periods determined the more or less significant influence of some higher state institutions or major dignitaries on the policy pursued by the emperor. Under Catherine I and Peter II, the Supreme Privy Council, formally a legislative body, in 1726-30 actually decided all foreign and domestic political, financial and military issues in the country. Under Empress Anna Ivanovna, the Cabinet of Ministers had wide political rights in 1731-41, from 1735 the signatures of 3 cabinet ministers were equated with the signature of the empress. In the 19th - early 20th centuries, in their legislative activities, emperors, as a rule, were guided by the opinions of the majority of the legislative body - the State Council. Since 1906, in accordance with the Manifesto of October 17, 1905, as well as with the Fundamental State Laws of 1906, the emperor exercised legislative power together with the State Duma and with the reformed State Council.

Emperors and empresses of the Romanov dynasty ruled in the Russian Empire: Peter I (1721-25), Catherine I (1725-1727), Peter II (1727-30), Anna Ivanovna (1730-40), Ivan VI (1740-41), Elizaveta Petrovna (1741-61), Peter III (1761-62), Catherine II (1762-96), Paul I (1796-1801), Alexander I (1801-25), Nicholas I (1825-55), Alexander II (1855-81), Alexander III (1881-94), Nicholas II.

Source: Complete collection of laws of the Russian Empire. Meeting 1st. SPb., 1830. T. 6. No. 3850. T. 33. No. 25875; Complete collection of laws of the Russian Empire. Meeting 2nd. SPb., 1830. T. 1. No. 13. T. 3. No. 1897. T. 4. No. 3128. SPb., 1858. T. 32. No. 31720; Code of Laws of the Russian Empire. SPb., 1857. T. 1. Part 1; Complete collection of laws of the Russian Empire. Meeting 3rd. SPb., 1882. T. 2. No. 1159.

Coat of arms of the Romanov dynasty

Emperor of all Russia, empress of all russia(Russian doref. Emperor of All Russia, Empress of All Russia listen)) is the title of the monarch of the Russian Empire from 1917 to 1917. The title of emperor was adopted in connection with the victory in the Great Northern War and was an adaptation of the royal title to the system of titles adopted in Europe. The prefix "All-Russian" has become a continuation of the turnover " All Rus'", Used in the titles of Russian rulers since the time of the Grand Dukes of Vladimir.

Story

On February 5 (16), 1722, Peter issued a Decree on the succession to the throne, in which he abolished the ancient custom of transferring the throne to direct descendants in the male line, but allowed the appointment of any worthy person as heir at the will of the monarch.

On April 5 (16), 1797, Paul I established a new order of succession. Since that time, the order of succession to the Russian throne, and then the Polish and Finnish thrones associated with it, is based on the principle of primogeniture, that is, with the succession of descendants of their ascendants in the event of death or abdication of the latter by the time the inheritance is opened. In the absence of heirs in a straight line, the throne passes to the side. Within each line (straight line or side line), males are preferred over females, and the male side lines are invoked before the female ones. Accession to the throne for the called is limited to the confession of the Orthodox faith. The majority of the reigning emperor (and heir) comes at the age of 16, until this age (as well as in other cases of incapacity), his power is exercised by the ruler, which are (if there is no person specially appointed by the pre-reigning emperor), the surviving father or mother of the emperor, and when in the absence of such - the closest adult heir.

All the emperors who ruled Russia belonged to the same imperial family - the House of Romanov, the first representative of which became a monarch in 1613. The descendants of the daughter of Peter I Anna and the Duke of Holstein-Gottorp Karl-Friedrich reigned, who descended from the Holstein-Gottorps (a branch of the Oldenburg dynasty) in the male line, and in the genealogical literature, these representatives of the Romanov family, starting from Peter III, are called the Romanovs-Holstein-Gottorp .

Upon the abdication of the throne on March 2 (March 15), 1917, by Emperor Nicholas II for himself and his son Tsarevich Alexei, and the refusal on March 3 of the same year by his brother Mikhail "to accept the Supreme Power", the empire de facto ceased to exist. On September 1, 1917, the Provisional Government declared Russia a republic.

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See what the "All-Russian Emperor" is in other dictionaries:

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I is now the prosperously reigning Emperor of All Russia, the second son of Emperor Alexander II and Empress Maria Alexandrovna, was born on February 26, 1845, ascended the ancestral throne on March 2, 1881. He received his upbringing under the closest ... ...

Nicholas II, Emperor of All Russia, eldest son of Emperor Alexander III and Empress Maria Feodorovna. Born May 6, 1868 in Tsarskoye Selo. In 1877, General G.G. Danilovich. ... ... Biographical Dictionary

Son of Pavel Petrovich and Empress Maria Feodorovna; genus. in St. Petersburg on December 12, 1777, ascended the throne on March 12, 1801, died in Taganrog on November 19, 1825. Great Catherine did not love her son Pavel Petrovich, but took care of ... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron

Peter - "The Great, Father of the Fatherland, Emperor of All Russia"

During the celebration of the Peace of Nystadt in October 1721, Peter was proclaimed "Great", "Father of the Fatherland", "Emperor of All Russia". Since then, it is believed that Russia has become an empire. The imperial title of the Russian ruler was not immediately recognized by other countries (Turkey recognized Russia as an empire only in 1772), but already under Peter I, Russia de facto entered the circle of leading European countries and, as an empire, began to participate in the division of the world. Since the time of Peter I, the official title of the Russian emperor has changed, but still, even by 1917, it was based on the conquests made by Peter the Great and his predecessors, with some “small” additions like the Caucasus and Central Asia:

By God's hastening mercy, We are the name, Emperor and Autocrat of All Russia, Moscow, Kiev, Vladimir, Novgorod, Tsar of Astrakhan, Tsar of Siberia, Tsar of Tauric Chersonese, Tsar of Georgia; Sovereign of Pskov and Grand Duke of Smolensk, Lithuanian, Volyn, Podolsky and Finland; Prince of Estonia, Livonia, Courland and Semigalsky, Samogitsky, Bialystok, Karelian, Tver, Yugra, Perm, Vyatka, Bulgarian and others; Sovereign and Grand Duke of Novogorod of the Nizov land, Chernigov, Ryazan, Polotsk, Rostov, Yaroslavl, Belozersky, Udorsky, Obdorsky, Kondia, Vitebsk, Mstislav and all northern countries Sovereign; and Sovereign of the Iberian, Kartalinsky and Kabardian lands and Armenian regions; Cherkasy and Mountain Princes and other Hereditary Sovereign and Possessor; Sovereign of Turkestan; Norwegian heir; Duke of Schleswig-Holstein, Stornmarn, Dietmarsen and Oldenburg and others, and others, and others.

The proclamation of the tsar as emperor did not simply reflect the well-known foreign policy aspirations characteristic of all empires that divided the world into pieces. The fact is that the ideology of autocracy underwent a significant renewal under Peter in the spirit of the times. The divine origin of royal power was replenished with the then popular ideas of "social contract", "natural law". The ideological documents and journalism of that time speak of a certain “position”, “duty” of the sovereign to the people. So, in "The Truth of the Will of the Monarchs" of 1722 it is said:

The position of kings is ... the maintenance of their subjects in carelessness and provide them with all the best instruction for piety ”or“ The royal dignity ... is to preserve, protect, contain in any carelessness, instruct and correct their subjects.

Tsar Peter I takes the title of Father of the Fatherland, All-Russian Emperor and the Great. 1721.

This definition fit well with the then widespread concept of the monarch as the "Father" of subjects.

Naturally, the arguments about the duties of the monarch were pure rhetoric, clothed in a deliberately vague, legally indefinite form, for which, in essence, there were no real obligations and responsibilities. Peter I, despite his special love for lawmaking and regulatory passion, did not seek to accurately define the nature of his power as the power of the first emperor, and even more so to designate his duties. In the same way, the competence of the Senate in relations with the supreme power was not specified, and later (after the death of Peter I) the competence of various "Councils under the person of the sovereign." The right to execute and pardon at one's own discretion was and remained the indisputable prerogative of the sovereign, sanctified by God and tradition. In this, the Russian tsars of the 16th-17th centuries and the emperors of the 18th centuries were similar: for example, the mediocre Empress Anna Ioannovna expressed herself in one of her letters in exactly the same way as the outstanding Ivan the Terrible: “And whoever I want to welcome, I am free.” Peter the Great spoke in the same spirit. In the history of the Petrine autocracy there are many testimonies that speak of the unlimited autocracy of one person. Westernization, amazing innovations in the economy, military affairs, everyday life, customs, and art radically changed Russia in the 18th century. And only in two spheres nothing changed: in serfdom and in the right of autocracy. Moreover, the transfer and perception in Russia of the 18th century of the then advanced Western experience, institutions and ideas served the goals of strengthening both serfdom and autocracy. It seems that Peter, who knew perfectly well the peculiarities of the state system of those countries whose experience he highly valued, proceeded from the conviction that in Russia there should be no other form of government other than autocracy. Therefore, during the Petrine period, which was marked by the creation of a new state apparatus, there was no talk not only of some kind of representation of estate groups, but also of delegating the power of the autocrat to some institutions.

Regalia of imperial power

Crown.The Monomakh's hat was not the only ceremonial headdress of the Russian tsars. The Diamond Fund still holds the Diamond Cap of Tsar Ivan V Alekseevich, and there is also the Diamond Cap of Peter I Alekseevich. Both were made in 1682, when the kings became co-rulers. The first European crown in Russia was made in 1724 in preparation for the coronation of Empress Ekaterina Alekseevna. On the arc of this crown, a ruby, taken out of China, was adorned with a diamond cross. Peter II was also crowned with the crown of Catherine I. For Anna Ioannovna, the crown was remade, it became 2605 precious stones, but the ruby and the cross were preserved. The crown was changed again in 1742, when Elizaveta Petrovna was crowned. For her coronation in 1762, Catherine II ordered a new crown, and the old one, apparently, was taken apart. With the crown of the mother (after partial alterations) Paul I was married to the kingdom. With this crown, all the descendants of Paul I, including Nicholas II, passed the coronation ceremony. It has safely reached our days and is stored in the Diamond Fund. The crown was made by the jeweler Pozier, it contains 58 large and 3878 small diamonds, 75 large pearls and a large ruby.

Scepter.In pre-Petrine Rus', it was replaced by a staff - a symbol of the "shepherd of men." It was with his terrible staff that Ivan the Terrible was remembered by people. Several scepters have survived. The most famous is the scepter of Paul I in the form of a golden staff studded with precious stones. The Orlov diamond is fixed on its top. The scepter was held in the right hand.

Power- a hollow golden ball, decorated with a cross, was a symbol of dominion over the world. He appeared in Russia from Poland, in 1606 False Dmitry I was crowned with an orb in his left hand. From the era of Paul, Russian emperors held an orb adorned with yahonts and diamonds in their hands.

There were other symbols of royal and imperial power:barmy- mantles with precious embroidery, which, under Peter, were replaced by a European mantle lined with ermines, Porphyry, throne, State shield, State sword, State Banner, Large, medium and small State seals.

The Sword, Banner and Seal first appeared at the coronation of Elizabeth Petrovna. Symbols also include:state eagleand the Large, Medium and Small State Emblems.

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Title - king

Tsar- from the Latin caesar - sovereign sovereign, emperor, as well as the official title of the monarch. In the Old Russian language, this Latin word sounded like a Caesar - "tssar".

Initially, this was the name of the Roman and Byzantine emperors, hence the Slavic name of the Byzantine capital - Tsesargrad, Tsargrad. After the Mongol-Tatar invasion in Rus', this word also began to designate the Tatar khans in written monuments.

royal crown

In the narrow sense of the word, "tsar" is the main title of the monarchs of Russia from 1547 to 1721. But this title was used much earlier in the form of “Caesar”, and then “Tsar”, it was used episodically by the rulers of Rus' since the 12th century, and systematically since the time of Grand Duke Ivan III (most often in diplomatic communication). In 1497, Ivan III crowned his grandson Dmitry Ivanovich as tsar, who was declared heir, but then imprisoned. The next ruler after Ivan III - Vasily III - was pleased with the old title of "Grand Duke". But on the other hand, his son Ivan IV the Terrible, upon reaching adulthood, was crowned as king (in 1547), thus establishing his prestige in the eyes of his subjects as a sovereign ruler and heir to the Byzantine emperors.

In 1721, Peter I the Great adopted as his main title - the title of "emperor". However, unofficially and semi-officially, the title "Tsar" continued to be used until the abdication of Emperor Nicholas II in February 1917.

The title "Tsar" was used, in particular, in the national anthem of the Russian Empire, and the word, if it referred to the Russian monarch, was supposed to be written with a capital letter.

In addition, the title "Tsar" was included in the official full title as the title of the owner of the former Kazan, Astrakhan and Siberian khanates, and then Poland.

In the Russian word usage of the 19th century, especially common people, this word sometimes denoted the monarch in general.

The territory that is under the control of the king is called the kingdom.

Titles of the royal family:

Queen- the royal person or the wife of the king.

Tsarevich- the son of the king and queen (before Peter I).

Tsesarevich- male heir, full title - Heir Tsesarevich, abbreviated in Tsarist Russia to Heir (with a capital letter) and rarely to Tsesarevich.

Tsesarevna- The wife of the Tsarevich.

During the imperial period, a son who was not an heir had the title of Grand Duke. The last title was also used by grandchildren (in the male line).

Princess The daughter of a king or queen.

From the book King of the Slavs. author

4. King of Glory = King of the Slavs = King of Christians On numerous images of the crucifixion, Christ is called the "King of Glory", see, for example, fig. 2.13, fig. 2.14, fig. 2.16, fig. 2.17. The interpretation of such a name of Christ is considered not entirely clear. Usually offered very general and vague

From the book Ivan the Terrible author

From the book of Vasily III. Ivan groznyj author Skrynnikov Ruslan Grigorievich

The royal title of Vasily III ordered the boyars, as noted above, to “protect” their son until the age of 15, after which his independent reign was to begin. 15 years is the time of coming of age in the life of people of the 16th century. At this age, noble children entered the military as "novices".

From the book Rus and Rome. Colonization of America by Russia-Horde in the XV-XVI centuries author Nosovsky Gleb Vladimirovich

1. The title of the Moscow Tsar What would you say if you saw that the coat of arms of a certain modern state is constantly depicted in tandem with the coat of arms of some other state? Moreover, being enclosed with him in a common frame. On coins, letters, government papers, etc. Probably

From the book Rus. China. England. Dating of the Nativity of Christ and the First Ecumenical Council author Nosovsky Gleb Vladimirovich

From the book King of the Slavs author Nosovsky Gleb Vladimirovich

4. KING OF GLORY = KING OF SLAVES = KING OF CHRISTIANS On numerous images of the crucifixion, Christ is called the "King of Glory", see, for example, fig. 2.13, fig. 2.14, fig. 2.16, fig. 2.17. The interpretation of such a name of Christ is considered not entirely clear. Usually offered very general and vague

From the book History of Peter the Great author Brikner Alexander Gustavovich

CHAPTER VII Imperial Title Russia under Peter became a great power. The overall result of his efforts in the field of foreign policy was the transformation of the Moscow kingdom, alien to Europe, into the All-Russian Empire, which was in the closest connection with Europe. In 1715, Peter already wrote:

From the book Secret Office under Peter the Great author Semevsky Mikhail Ivanovich

4. New title On October 22, 1721, at the solemn celebration of the Peace of Nystad, Feofan Prokopovich said a eulogy. Calculating the unusually wise orders and blessings of His Majesty in favor of his subjects, the archbishop announced that the sovereign deserved

author Istomin Sergey Vitalievich

Title - Grand Duke Grand Duke - the oldest title of Russian rulers. When the family of Prince Rurik grew, the senior princes began to be distinguished from the younger ones by the title "Grand Duke". Initially, this title had only an honorary meaning. In the future, the “Grand Duke” is the title

From the book I know the world. History of Russian tsars author Istomin Sergey Vitalievich

Title - king King - from the Latin caesar - sovereign sovereign, emperor, as well as the official title of the monarch. In the Old Russian language, this Latin word sounded like a Caesar - “tssar.” Initially, this was the name of the Roman and Byzantine emperors, hence the Slavic

From the book Without the Eternal Blue Sky [Essays on our history] by Aji Murad

Why did the title "king" fall into disuse? Now about the details of another mentioned event, which was also related to the Caucasus - perhaps even motivated the cause of the Caucasian war ... How and why did the tsar appear in Moscow and how did he end up? Something about it I already

From the book Fight for the Seas. The era of great geographical discoveries author Erdödi Janos

From the book Tsar Ivan the Terrible author Kolyvanova Valentina Valerievna

Royal title As we have already said, both Ivan III and Vasily III were sometimes called kings. But officially, it was Ivan the Terrible who became the first Russian tsar. The word “tsar” itself comes from the Latin “Caesar” (from the personal name of Gaius Julius Caesar, which gradually turned into

Titles of all the tsars of the Russian Empire. Emperors of Russia

Story

see also

Notes

See what the "All-Russian Emperor" is in other dictionaries:

Title - king