Essay on the topic Voronsky A. “...Natalya is from a neighboring village, about ten years ago she immediately lost her husband and three children: during her absence they died from smoke inhalation”

Ivan did not get along closely with anyone, was not friends; inflexible, obstinate, he had no attachments; He respected, perhaps not for fear, but for conscience, only his grandfather. Seeing him, Ivan stood up, straightened his lower back and back with difficulty, bowed earnestly to his grandfather, followed him with a gaze and did not sit down until he disappeared. Ivan never stood up in front of the others.

Ivan died suddenly. In the morning they found him under the barn shed, already cold and covered with dew. Long before his death, he was completely dry, and his corpse resembled a relic: his temples sank, his cheeks were deeply sunken, his cheekbones stood out sharply, his collarbones protruded; his eyes went under his forehead, his bent knees stuck out like sticks. Green flies swarmed in the corners of his blue-black lips and woodlice crawled across his face... How lonely, bitter and untold a person’s life can be!

...Behind the vegetable gardens there is a hemp plant. The rye is ripening. On the hill, the mill flaps and flaps its wings tirelessly, it would fly, but the earth holds tightly. It smells of dill, cucumber, and sometimes the wind brings the hot, bitter smell of wormwood. The sky is about to open up and become surrounded by mirages.

I decided to make humanity happy. Raw eggs lather excellently. I stole three eggs from under the chickens “for experiments.” In the tin there are yolks, salt, blue, cherry glue is added to them, the glue will harden, the liquid will turn into solid, and an excellent soap is ready. Should I add more ink for coloring?.. So, I will become a famous soap maker, get rich, travel... Maybe I should also add some sugar? For what? We'll see there. Or better yet, lime. However, quicklime, if you pour water on it, hisses and burns. Wouldn't lime make something explosive instead of soap, say, gunpowder? Well, this is not bad for a young chemist! It's even wonderful to invent gunpowder. Some sweat stench all their lives, but don’t invent gunpowder... We must be careful: what if the tin explodes! I put a piece of lime into the mixture and even close my eyes in fear. Glory to the creator, nothing happened!..

A woman comes down from the hill from the mill; closer and closer she flashes in the thick and tall rye. No one should guess about my secret chemistry studies. I diligently hide the tin under a mound. Today soap and gunpowder didn’t work out, there’s no need to be discouraged: they’ll definitely work out tomorrow. I recognize the woman as the wanderer Natalya. Her head is tied with a gray cotton scarf, the ends of the scarf stick out like horns above her forehead, and there is a wicker knapsack behind her. Natalya walks quickly, easily, leaning on the staff. She is over forty years old, but it is difficult to determine her age by her face: she is tanned and weathered almost to blackness. She is wearing a homespun plaid skirt, a white woolen zipun, and her legs are in dusty bast shoes, tightly and neatly wrapped with onuchas and twine. I call out to Natalya.

“Hello, dear, hello, master,” Natalya answers warmly, vigorously wiping her lips into small wrinkles. -Will you welcome a guest into the house? Is everyone alive and well?

Thank you. Everyone is alive and well. I will accept you for a visit.

I speak gravely, as if I really am the owner. I waddle next to Natalya, like a peasant.

Natalya is from a neighboring village; about ten years ago she immediately lost her husband and three children: while she was away, they died from smoke inhalation. Since then, she sold the house, abandoned the farm and wandered.

Natalya speaks quietly, melodiously, innocently. Her words are pure, as if washed, as close and understandable as the sky, the field, the bread, the village huts. And all of Natalya is simple, warm, calm and majestic. Natalya is not surprised by anything: she saw everything, experienced everything, oh contemporary affairs and incidents, even dark and terrible ones, she tells, as if they were separated from our lives by millennia. Natalya doesn’t flatter anyone; It’s very good about her that she doesn’t go to monasteries and holy places, doesn’t look for miraculous icons. She is worldly and talks about everyday things. There is nothing superfluous in it, no fussiness. Natalya bears the burden of a wanderer easily and she buries her grief from people. She has an amazing memory. She remembers when and why the children in such and such a family were ill, where Kharlamov or Sidorov went to earn money during Lent, whether they lived well and well enough there, and what kind of renewal they brought to the housewives.

Original text According to A. Voronsky

... Natalya is from a neighboring village, about ten years ago she immediately lost her husband and three children: during her absence they died from smoke inhalation.

Since then she sold the house , gave up farming and wanders.

Natalya says quietly, melodiously, innocently. Her words clean as if washed, the same close, pleasant as the sky, field, bread, village huts. And all Natalya simple, warm, calm and majestic. Natalia is not surprised by anything: she saw everything, experienced everything, she talks about modern affairs and incidents, even dark and terrible ones, as if they were separated from our lives by millennia. Natalya does not flatter anyone; very into it it’s good that she doesn’t go to monasteries and holy places, is not looking for miraculous icons. She - worldly and talks about everyday things. In it no extras, no fussiness.

Natalya bears the burden of a wanderer easily, and buries his grief from people. She has an amazing memory. She remembers when and why such and such a family was ill. She talks about everything willingly, but in one thing she is stingy with words: when they ask her why she became a wanderer.

... I was already studying at the bursa, was known as “inveterate” and “desperate”, took revenge on the guards and teachers from around the corner, revealing remarkable ingenuity in these matters. During one of the breaks, the students informed me that “some woman” was waiting for me in the locker room. The woman turned out to be Natalya. Natalya walked from afar, from Kholmogory, she remembered me, and although she had to make a detour of about eighty miles, how could she not visit the orphan, not look at his city life, her son had probably grown up, wiser for the joy and consolation of his mother. I listened inattentively to Natalya: I was ashamed of her bast shoes, boots, knapsack, her whole village appearance, I was afraid of losing myself in the eyes of the students and kept looking sideways at my peers snooping past. Finally he couldn’t stand it and said rudely to Natalya:

Let's get out of here.

Without waiting for consent, I took her to the backyard so that no one would see us there. Natalya untied her knapsack and handed me some village flatbread.

I don’t have anything else in store for you, my friend. Don’t worry, I baked them myself, using butter or cow’s milk.

At first I sullenly refused, but Natalya insisted on donuts. Soon Natalya noticed that I was shy of her and was not at all happy with her. She also noticed the torn, ink-stained Casinet jacket I was wearing, my dirty and pale neck, my red boots, and my haunted, sullen look. Natalya's eyes filled with tears.

Why can’t you say a kind word, son? So, it was in vain that I came to see you.

I dully poked at the sore on my arm and muttered something listlessly. Natalya leaned over me, shook her head and, looking into my eyes, whispered:

Yes, my dear, you seem out of your mind! You weren't like that at home. Oh, they did something bad to you! Dashingly, apparently, they let you down! This is the teaching that comes out.

“Nothing,” I muttered emotionlessly, moving away from Natalya.

Alexander Konstantinovich Voronsky (September 8, 1884, Khoroshavka village, Tambov province - August 13, 1937, shot) - Russian Bolshevik revolutionary, writer, literary critic, art theorist .

· The problem of repentance for what has been done.

· The problem of selfishness, callousness, cruelty, heartlessness.

· The problem of human spirit.

· The problem of human inner beauty.

· The problem of attitude to life's difficulties.

An essay based on a text by Voronsky about the wanderer Natalya, who visited a scumbag student.

In this text, the Russian Bolshevik revolutionary, writer, literary critic, art theorist, Alexander Konstantinovich Voronsky talks about the wanderer Natalya and about his meeting with her in childhood, when he studied at the bursa and “was known as “inveterate” and “desperate”, took revenge from “around the corner to the guards and teachers.” It is clear that, when describing Natalya, the author makes her almost a saint, almost ideal, and when talking about her feelings, she emphasizes her own callousness and dependence on the opinions of her peers.

Probably the author-narrator, a student boy, and Natalya are from the same village; they most likely have similar moral principles, a similar upbringing. It is no coincidence that Voronsky, describing Natalya, emphasizes that “her words clean as if washed, the same close, pleasant as the sky, field, bread, village huts».

Thus, we can say that Voronsky, surprised by his behavior, asks the question: why did he become unkind so easily? Why is he ashamed of Natalia? Why is he so unfree, hunted, insensitive, and “Natalya is like this” simple, warm, calm and majestic»?

Natalya thinks that the boy to whom she walked “about eighty miles” to “look at his city life” is “not at all happy with her” and will not say a “kind word” because school and city life have made him this way. Natalya’s eyes filled with tears, and she said: “As if she’s not herself! You weren't like that at home. Oh, they did something bad to you! Dashingly, apparently, they let you down! This is the teaching that comes out.” This is how Voronsky’s text ends.

However, both the writer and revolutionary himself, and the readers understand that the matter, of course, is not about teaching and the corrupting influence of the city, but about human strength and weakness. Natalya, a simple “some kind of woman,” is very strong internally, external appearances will not change her, therefore “she talks about modern affairs and incidents, even dark and terrible ones, as if they were separated from our lives by millennia.” The boy Voronsky talks about is still weak, he wants to be considered desperate and is already revealing “remarkable ingenuity” in low and petty matters.

Thus, it becomes clear and author's position. Voronsky is delighted with the simplicity and strength of a simple woman and is shocked by his own weakness and baseness (or the boy). Also, I think, the reader understands that if the boy is ashamed, then there is hope that he is not a complete person, he’s just “not himself!” not the same as it was at home.

I agree with Voronsky that a person should remain a person, not be deceitful, not be mean. I also agree that it is important for a person to remember his beginning, his roots. For example, Chekhov’s Firs Dunyasha speaks about this, and there is a lot about this in Pushkin’s “The Captain’s Daughter”: common moral and human things bring the Grinevs and Mironovs together and help them to survive, to save themselves, despite external war and bitterness.

Political figure, prose writer and publicist A.K. Voronsky was born on September 8, 1884 in the village of Khoroshavka, Kirsanovsky district, Tambov province, into the family of a priest. After the death of their father, the family settled in the village of Dobrinka, Usman district, where numerous relatives lived, including the last rector of the Chuevsky St. Nicholas Church, Nikolai Ivanovich Dobrotvortsev. A.K. Voronsky spent his childhood there.

After graduating in 1900 from the 1st Tambov religious school he entered the Tambov Theological Seminary, from which in 1905 he was expelled for “political unreliability.”

Since 1904, Alexander Konstantinovich was a member of the RSDLP (b) and conducted party work in St. Petersburg, Vladimir, Saratov, Tambov, Odessa, and Crimea. He was in exile for 4 years, served a prison sentence for 2.5 years, including a year in the fortress.

In 1911, he began publishing his first articles and essays in the Odessa newspaper Yasnaya Zarya. In 1912, A.K. Voronsky was a delegate to the Prague Conference.

After the revolution, he worked as editor-in-chief of the Rabochy Krai newspaper in Ivanovo-Voznesensk, making it one of the best in Russia. In the early 1920s, Alexander Konstantinovich moved away from party organizational work and devoted himself entirely to literature. He had the idea to publish the first Soviet “thick” magazine “Krasnaya Nov”, which began publishing in July 1921 and A.K. Voronsky was its editor. Alexander Konstantinovich contributed to the publication of all the best that was in the literature of those years. He wrote many articles about writers who became, largely thanks to his support, classics of Soviet literature

Critical and theoretical articles by A. K. Voronsky of these years were collected in the books “At the Junction” (1923), “Art and Life” (1924), “ Literary types"(1924), "Literary Notes" (1926), "Mr. Britling drinks the cup to the dregs" (1927), " Literary portraits"(T. 1-2. 1928-1929), "The Art of Seeing the World" (1928).

In 1927, A.K. Voronsky was removed from the leadership of Krasnaya Novya, removed from the editorial office of the Krug publishing house, expelled from the party for belonging to the Trotskyist opposition, and after his arrest in January 1929, he was exiled to Lipetsk.

The Lipetsk exile regime was not very strict, but he was prohibited from speaking at meetings and in the local press. In Lipetsk, Alexander Konstantinovich and his family lived first in a hotel on Petrovsky Spusk, then in the outbuilding of lawyer M.A. Dyachkov on Pervomaiskaya Street (the house has not survived). I. Babel, L. Seifullina, B. Pilnyak, members of the “Pereval” group close to him - I. Kataev, N. Zarudin and others came to visit him.

In Lipetsk, he wrote the stories “Exhibit”, “Factory”, “Prison Little Things”, “Fedya-Gverillas”, in which Lipetsk and its inhabitants are recognizable, as well as a short story about A.I. Zhelyabov “Sleepless Memory”, three stories: “At the crossroads”, “Everyday life”, “Olga”.

In the fall of 1929, due to illness, he was allowed to return to Moscow, he was reinstated in the party and appointed editor of the department classical literature in Goslitizdat.

In 1927, his first book was published, based on autobiographical material, “Beyond Living and Dead Water,” republished in expanded form in 1934. Its logical continuation, the story “The Eye of the Hurricane,” was published in 1931. In 1931-1933, his collections of stories were published; in 1933, a magazine publication of the novel “Bursa” appeared, in which the impressions of Dobrin’s childhood came to life. In 1934, in the series “Life wonderful people“The books “Zhelyabov” and “Gogol” were published.

In 1935, he was again expelled from the party, suspended from work and arrested on February 1, 1937. On August 13, 1937, A.K. Voronsky was shot. His personal investigative file was destroyed. 20 years later, on February 7, 1957, he was completely rehabilitated.

For decades, the name of A.K. Voronsky was “crossed out” from Soviet history. After the execution, his works were confiscated, for a long time have not been reprinted.

In the name of A.K. Voronsky in the village. The street is named Dobrinka.

Author's works

Gogol. – M.: Magazine and newspaper association, 1934. – 496 p.
Zhelyabov. – M.: Magazine and newspaper association, 1934. – 403 p. – (Life of remarkable people. Series of biographies; issue 3, 4).
Literary critical articles / intro. Art. A. G. Dementieva. – M.: Sov. writer, 1963. – 423 p.
Bursa: novel / intro. Art. A. Dementieva. – M.: Khudozh. lit., 1966. – 320 p.
Behind living and dead water: story / intro. Art. F. Levin. – M.: Khudozh. lit., 1970. – 432 p.
Selected articles about literature / intro. Art. A. G. Dementieva. – M.: Artist. lit., 1982. – 527 p.
Selected lyrics / comp. and preparation text by G. Voronskaya; entry Art. V. Akimova. – M.: Khudozh. lit., 1987. – 655 p. : portrait – Contents : Bursa; For living and dead water: stories; First work; Bombs; From old letters; From Valentin's stories; Armadillo; Fedya Guerillas: stories.
Eye of the Hurricane: stories / comp., prepared. text, note G. A. Voronskaya; entry Art. V. Akimova. – Voronezh: Central-Chernozem. book publishing house, 1990. – 234 pp.: ill. – Contents: At crossroads; Weekdays; Olga; Eye of the hurricane: stories.
The art of seeing the world: portraits. Articles. – M.: Sov. writer, 1987. – 704 p.
Sleepless memory: stories. – M.: Marekan, 2004. – 80 p.
Strada: [lit.-crit. Art.]. – M.: Antikva, 2004. – 359 p.
For living and dead water. – M.: Antikva, 2005. –
- T. 1. – 170 p.
- T. 2. – 375 p.
Mr. Britling drinks his cup to the dregs: Sat. Art. and feuilletons / intro. Art. N. Kornienko. – M.: Antikva, 2005. – 243 p.
Literary records. – M.: Antikva, 2006. – 211 p. : ill.
Collection of articles published in the newspaper “Rabochy Krai”: 1918-1920. – M.: Antikva, 2006. – 388 p.
Gogol / author. entry Art. V. A. Voropaev. – M.: Young Guard, 2009. – 447 p. : ill. – (Life of remarkable people. Series of biographies. Small series; issue 1).

Literature about life and creativity

Volokitin V. A. A. K. Voronsky // Travel through the Lipetsk region. – Voronezh, 1971. – P. 267-272.
Kupriyanovsky P. Pages of the biography (writer) A.K. Voronsky // Russian literature. – 1982. – No. 4. – P. 246-247.
Efremov E. P. Founder of Bolshevik criticism // Rise. – 1984. – No. 8. – P. 128-129.
Literary activity of A.K. Voronsky // Questions of literature. – 1985. – No. 2. – P. 78-104.
Medvedeva L. Lipetsk short story by A. K. Voronsky // Rise. – 1985. – No. 10. – P. 115-118.
Akimov V. Our contemporary Voronsky: touches to the portrait // Neva. – 1989. – No. 8. – P. 178.
Belaya G. Don Quixotes of the 20s: “The Pass” and the fate of his ideas / G. Belaya. – M.: Sov. writer, 1989. – 415 p.
Unliving E. S. Alexander Voronsky. Ideal. Typology. Individuality / E. S. Nezhivoy. – M.: VZPI, 1989. – 180 p.
“Maybe later a lot will become more obvious and clear”: (from the document “Party Affairs of A.K. Voronsky”) // Questions of Literature. – 1995. – Issue. 3. – pp. 269-292. – From the contents: [about the eviction of A.K. Voronsky to Lipetsk]. – S.: 274, 282.
Dinershtein E. A. A. K. Voronsky. In search of living water / E. A. Dinerstein. – M.: Rosspan, 2001. – 360 p. : ill. – (People of Russia).
Povartsov S. Preparatory materials for the biography of Babel I. E. // Questions of literature. – 2001. – No. 2. – P. 202-232. – From the contents: About I. Babel’s trip to Lipetsk to A.K. Voronsky.
Vetlovsky I. Alexander Voronsky // Dobrinsky region: pages of history / I. Vetlovsky, M. Sushkov, V. Tonkikh. – Lipetsk, 2003. – P. 299-303.
What the old walls will tell you about: [A. I. Levitov and A.K. Voronsky at the Tambov Theological Seminary] // History of the Tambov region: essays on the history of culture and literature: textbook. a manual on historical and literary-cultural local history. – Tambov, 2005. – P. 113-114.
Shentalinsky V. Execution nights // Zvezda. – 2007. – No. 5. – P. 67-102.

Reference materials

Lipetsk encyclopedia. – Lipetsk, 1999. – T. 1. – P. 233.
Tambov encyclopedia. – Tambov, 2004. – P. 106-107.
Zamyatinskaya encyclopedia. Lebedyansky context. – Tambov-Elets, 2004. – P. 110-118.
Glorious names of the land of Lipetsk: biogr. reference about the known writers, scientists, educators, artists. – Lipetsk, 2007. – P. 124.
The pride of the Usman land: short. reference biogr. noble people who glorified their fatherland. – Usman, 2005. – Book. 2. – P. 54.

Original text According to A. Voronsky

... Natalya is from a neighboring village, about ten years ago she immediately lost her husband and three children: during her absence they died from smoke inhalation.

Since then she sold the house , gave up farming and wanders.

Let's get out of here.

Without waiting for consent, I took her to the backyard so that no one would see us there. Natalya untied her knapsack and handed me some village flatbread.

I don’t have anything else in store for you, my friend. Don’t worry, I baked them myself, using butter or cow’s milk.

Why can’t you say a kind word, son? So, it was in vain that I came to see you.

I dully poked at the sore on my arm and muttered something listlessly. Natalya leaned over me, shook her head and, looking into my eyes, whispered:

Yes, my dear, you seem out of your mind! You weren't like that at home. Oh, they did something bad to you! Dashingly, apparently, they let you down! This is the teaching that comes out.

“Nothing,” I muttered emotionlessly, moving away from Natalya.

Alexander Konstantinovich Voronsky (September 8, 1884, Khoroshavka village, Tambov province - August 13, 1937, executed) - Russian Bolshevik revolutionary, writer, literary critic, art theorist .

· The problem of repentance for what has been done.

· The problem of selfishness, callousness, cruelty, heartlessness.

· The problem of human spirit.

· The problem of human inner beauty.

· The problem of attitude to life's difficulties.

An essay based on a text by Voronsky about the wanderer Natalya, who visited a scumbag student.

Thus, the author's position becomes clear. Voronsky is delighted with the simplicity and strength of a simple woman and is shocked by his own weakness and baseness (or the boy). Also, I think, the reader understands that if the boy is ashamed, then there is hope that he is not a complete person, he’s just “not himself!” not the same as it was at home.

I agree with Voronsky that a person should remain a person, not be deceitful, not be mean. I also agree that it is important for a person to remember his beginning, his roots. For example, Chekhov’s Firs Dunyasha speaks about this, and there is a lot about this in Pushkin’s “The Captain’s Daughter”: common moral and human things bring the Grinevs and Mironovs together and help them to withstand and save themselves, despite external war and bitterness.

Writer A.K. Voronsky raises the problem of providing assistance and support.

The author talks about the life of a woman who was left without relatives and became a wanderer. The fate of such people is not easy, but Natalya did not tell anyone about her grief. One day she came to an orphan who was studying at the bursa. She came, having covered eighty kilometers, and brought him food. She noticed the torn jacket, pale neck and unkind look of the boy.

Like a mother who was worried about him, Natalya tried to warm the child’s soul with kind, gentle words.

A.K. Voronsky wanted to say that even when great grief happens and a person is left alone, he does not withdraw into himself, does not become embittered, but tries to support other people.

The same caring person kind hearted The hero of M.A. Sholokhov’s story, Andrei Sokolov, is shown to be able to support someone who is lonely like him. Coming from the war, having lost his wife and daughters who died during the bombing, and his son who died at the very end of the war, Sokolov found the strength not to harden his soul and became a father to the orphan Vanyushka.

In the story “Fracture” by I. Grekova, the narrator-doctor Kira Petrovna introduces the reader to her colleague Chagin. Fate did not spoil him: during the war he lost his family and became crippled. Doctor Chagin helped his colleague cope with despair and face the test with dignity. He helped Kira Petrovna, who became crippled, realize that she strong man and must remain as it was before. With a playful comparison with a ficus, Chagin gave her strength and hinted that she, like this plant that does not want to give up, too strong personality worthy of respect.

So, a person’s desire to help another is the highest human quality. It's good if a person has not lost his best qualities, despite life difficulties, and strives to encourage and support others, to instill hope and faith in the best. This is how it manifests itself true love to people. This kind of human behavior is, of course, admirable.

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