Nikolai Semenovich Leskov is one of the most amazing and original Russian writers, whose fate in literature cannot be called simple. During his lifetime, his works mostly caused a negative attitude and were not accepted by the majority advanced people second half of the nineteenth century. Meanwhile, Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy called him “the most Russian writer,” and Anton Pavlovich Chekhov considered him one of his teachers.
It can be said that Leskov’s work was truly appreciated only at the beginning of the twentieth century, when articles by M. Gorky, B. Eikhenbaum and others were published. L. Tolstoy’s words that Nikolai Semenovich was “the writer of the future” turned out to be truly prophetic.
Origin
Leskov’s creative destiny was largely determined by the environment in which he spent his childhood and adulthood.
He was born in 1831, February 4 (16 according to the new style), in the Oryol province. His ancestors were hereditary clergymen. The grandfather and great-grandfather were priests in the village of Leska, which is where the writer’s surname most likely came from. However, Semyon Dmitrievich, the author’s father, broke this tradition and received the title of nobleman for his service in the Oryol chamber of the criminal court. Marya Petrovna, the writer’s mother, nee Alfereva, also belonged to this class. Her sisters were married to wealthy people: one to an Englishman, the other to an Oryol landowner. This fact will also have an impact on Leskov’s life and work in the future.
In 1839, Semyon Dmitrievich had a conflict in the service, and he and his family moved to Panin Farm, where his son’s real acquaintance with the original Russian speech began.
Education and beginning of service
The writer N. S. Leskov began his studies in the family of wealthy relatives of the Strakhovs, who hired German and Russian teachers and a French governess for their children. Already then it was fully manifested extraordinary talent little Nikolai. But he never received a “great” education. In 1841, the boy was sent to the Oryol provincial gymnasium, from which he left five years later with two classes of education. Perhaps the reason for this lay in the peculiarities of teaching, built on rote learning and rules, far from the lively and inquisitive mind that Leskov possessed. The writer's biography later includes service in the treasury chamber, where his father served (1847-1849), and translation at will after it tragic death as a result of cholera to the treasury chamber of the city of Kyiv, where his maternal uncle S.P. Alferyev lived. The years of stay here gave a lot to the future writer. Leskov attended lectures at Kiev University as a free listener and independently studied Polish language, for some time he was interested in icon painting and even attended a religious and philosophical circle. Acquaintance with Old Believers and pilgrims also influenced Leskov’s life and work.
Work at Schcott & Wilkens
A real school for Nikolai Semenovich was working in the company of his English relative (aunt’s husband) A. Schcott in 1857-1860 (before the collapse of the trading house). According to the writer himself, these were best years when he “saw a lot and lived easily.” Due to the nature of his service, he had to constantly travel around the country, which provided enormous material in all spheres of life of Russian society. “I grew up among the people,” Nikolai Leskov later wrote. His biography is an acquaintance with Russian life first-hand. This is being in a truly popular environment and personal knowledge of all the hardships of life that befall the common peasant.
In 1860, Nikolai Semenovich a short time returns to Kyiv, after which he ends up in St. Petersburg, where his serious literary activity begins.
Leskov's creativity: formation
The writer's first articles on corruption in medical and police circles were published in Kyiv. They aroused strong responses and became the main reason that the future writer was forced to leave his service and go in search of a new place of residence and work, which is what St. Petersburg became for him.
Here Leskov immediately declares himself as a publicist and is published in “Notes of the Fatherland”, “Northern Bee”, “Russian Speech”. For several years, he signed his works with the pseudonym M. Stebnitsky (there were others, but this one was used most often), which soon became quite notorious.
In 1862 there was a fire in the Shchukin and Apraksin courtyards. Nikolai Semenovich Leskov responded vividly to this event. A short biography of his life includes such an episode as an angry tirade from the tsar himself. In an article about the fires published in the Northern Bee, the writer expressed his point of view regarding who could be involved in them and what their purpose was. He believed that the nihilistic youth, who never enjoyed his respect, were to blame for everything. The authorities were accused of not paying enough attention to the investigation of the fact, and the arsonists remained undetected. The criticism that immediately fell upon Leskov both from democratically minded circles and from the administration forced him to leave St. Petersburg for a long time, since no explanations from the writer about the article written were accepted.
The western borders of the Russian Empire and Europe - Nikolai Leskov visited these places during the months of disgrace. His biography from then on included, on the one hand, recognition of a writer who was absolutely unlike anyone else, and on the other, constant suspicions, sometimes reaching the point of insults. They were especially evident in the statements of D. Pisarev, who considered that Stebnitsky’s name alone would be enough to cast a shadow both on the magazine publishing his works and on the writers who found the courage to publish together with the scandalous author.
Novel "Nowhere"
His first serious piece of art. In 1864, the Reading Magazine published his novel Nowhere, begun two years earlier during a trip to the West. It satirically depicted representatives of the nihilists that were quite popular at that time, and in the appearance of some of them the features of real people were clearly discernible. And again attacks with accusations of distorting reality and that the novel is the fulfillment of an “order” from certain circles. Nikolai Leskov himself was critical of the work. His biography, primarily creative, was predetermined for many years by this novel: his works were refused to be published by the leading magazines of the time for a long time.
The origin of the fantastic form
In the 1860s, Leskov wrote several stories (among them “Lady Macbeth Mtsensk district"), in which the features of a new style are gradually defined, which later became a kind of calling card of the writer. This is a tale with amazing, unique humor and a special approach to depicting reality. Already in the twentieth century, these works would be highly appreciated by many writers and literary critics, and Leskov, whose biography is one of constant clashes with leading representatives of the second half of the nineteenth century, will be placed on a par with N. Gogol, M. Dostoevsky, L. Tolstoy, A. Chekhov. However, at the time of publication, practically no attention was paid to them, since everyone was still under the impression of his previous publications. The production also attracted negative criticism. Alexandria Theater the play “The Spendthrift” about the Russian merchants, and the novel “On Knives” (all about the same nihilists), because of which Leskov entered into a sharp polemic with the editor of the magazine “Russian Messenger” M. Katkov, where his works were mainly published.
Showing true talent
Only after going through numerous accusations, sometimes reaching the point of direct insults, was N. S. Leskov able to find a real reader. His biography took a sharp turn in 1872, when the novel “The Soborians” was published. Its main theme is confrontation with the true Christian faith official, and the main characters are the clergy of old times and the nihilists and officials of all ranks and areas, including church ones, opposed to them. This novel became the beginning of the creation of works dedicated to the Russian clergy and preserving folk traditions local nobles. Under his pen, a harmonious and original world emerges, built on faith. The works also contain criticism of the negative aspects of the current system in Russia. Later, this feature of the writer’s style will still open the way for him into democratic literature.
"The Tale of the Tula Oblique Left-Hander..."
Perhaps the most striking image created by the writer was Lefty, drawn in a work whose genre - a guild legend - was determined by Leskov himself during its first publication. The biography of one forever became inseparable from the life of the other. And the writer’s writing style is most often recognized precisely by the story about a skilled master. Many critics immediately seized on the version put forward by the writer in the preface that this work was just a retold legend. Leskov had to write an article about the fact that in fact “Lefty” is the fruit of his imagination and long observations of life common man. So briefly, Leskov was able to draw attention to the talent of the Russian peasant, as well as to the economic and cultural backwardness of Russia in the second half of the nineteenth century.
Later creativity
In the 1870s, Leskov was an employee of the educational department of the Academic Committee in the Ministry of Public Education, then an employee of the Ministry of State Property. Service never brought him much joy, so he accepted his resignation in 1883 as an opportunity to become independent. Literary activity has always remained the main thing for the writer. “The Enchanted Wanderer”, “The Captured Angel”, “The Man on the Clock”, “The Non-Lethal Golovan”, “The Stupid Artist”, “Evil” - this is a small part of the works that Leskov N. S. wrote in the 1870-1880s. Stories and the stories are united by the images of the righteous - heroes who are straightforward, fearless, and unable to put up with evil. Quite often, the basis of the works was made up of memories or surviving old manuscripts. And among the heroes, along with fictional ones, there were also prototypes of real people, which gave the plot special authenticity and truthfulness. Over the years, the works themselves have increasingly acquired satirical and accusatory features. As a result, stories and novels later years, including “Invisible Trace”, “Falcon Flight”, “Hare Remise” and, of course, “Devil's Dolls”, where Tsar Nicholas the First served as the prototype for the main character, were not published at all or were published with extensive censorship edits. According to Leskov, the publication of works, always quite problematic, in his declining years became completely unbearable.
Personal life
Leskov’s family life was not easy either. He married for the first time in 1853 to O. V. Smirnova, the daughter of a wealthy and famous businessman in Kyiv. From this marriage two children were born: daughter Vera and son Mitya (died in infancy). Family life was short-lived: the spouses - initially different people, increasingly moved away from each other. The situation was aggravated by the death of their son, and already in the early 1860s they separated. Subsequently, Leskov’s first wife ended up in a psychiatric hospital, where the writer visited her until his death.
In 1865, Nikolai Semenovich became friends with E. Bubnova, they lived in a civil marriage, but also with her common life didn't work out. Their son, Andrei, remained with Leskov after his parents separated. He later compiled a biography of his father, published in 1954.
Such a person was Nikolai Semenovich Leskov, whose brief biography is of interest to every connoisseur of Russian classical literature.
In the footsteps of the great writer
N. S. Leskov died on February 21 (March 5, new style) 1895. His body rests in the Volkov Cemetery (on the Literary Stage), on the grave there is a granite pedestal and a large cast-iron cross. And Leskov’s house on Furshtadskaya Street, where he spent last years life, can be recognized by the memorial plaque installed in 1981.
The memory of the original writer, who more than once returned to his native places in his works, was truly immortalized in the Oryol region. Here, in his father’s house, the only Leskov literary and memorial museum in Russia is opened. Thanks to his son, Andrei Nikolaevich, it contains a large number of unique exhibits related to the life of Leskov: a child, a writer, public figure. Among them are personal belongings, valuable documents and manuscripts, letters, including the writer's class journal, and watercolors depicting native home and relatives of Nikolai Semenovich.
And in the old part of Orel to anniversary date- 150 years since his birth - a monument to Leskov was erected by Yu. Yu. and Yu. G. Orekhov, A. V. Stepanov. The writer sits on a pedestal-sofa. In the background is the Church of the Archangel Michael, which was mentioned more than once in Leskov’s works.
This is not life, but only living...
Portrait of a writer, art. V. Serov
LIVES OF THE SAINTS- biographies of clergy and secular persons canonized Christian Church. They are studied as historical, literary and linguistic sources.
Lives of the first Russian saints: books of Boris and Gleb, Vladimir I Svyatoslavich, Olga, Theodosius of Pechersk (11-12 centuries).
- “Our family... comes from the clergy...”
- “I’m completely self-taught...”
- Start literary path
- Creative flourishing
- Leading creative themes
- Late period of creativity
- Characteristics of creativity
- “Leskov – writer of the future” (L. N. Tolstoy)
- House-Museum of N. S. Leskov
- As a sign of memory
- Books by N. S. Leskov
date
Basic
events
Stages of creativity
1831- was born in the Gorokhov family of the Oryol province in the family of a minor official.
1839- his father (who graduated from theological seminary, but instead of a career as a priest chose the position of investigator) retired, bought a small farm and moved there with his family.
Akilina Vasilievna Alferyeva, grandmother of N. S. Leskova, 1851
Marya Petrovna Leskova, mother of the writer, 1873
1841 – 1846– study at a gymnasium, self-education.
1848- the death of his father, Leskov is forced to serve as a clerk in the Oryol Chamber of the Criminal Court.
1849– moving to Kyiv to live with my mother’s brother. Attends lectures at Kiev University. He studies the Polish language, is interested in icon painting, takes part in a religious and philosophical student circle, communicates with pilgrims, Old Believers, and sectarians.
1853 - marriage to the daughter of a Kyiv merchant Olga Vasilyevna Smirnova.
1857– moving to the village of Raiskoye, Penza province. Having accepted A.Ya. Shkott’s business proposal, Leskov becomes an agent of his commercial firm Shkott and Wilkens, which manages rich estates.
1860- the company’s business declines, Leskov returns to Kyiv and begins literary activity: writes articles for newspapers and magazines.
Writer's pseudonyms: M. Stebnitsky, P. Leskov-Stebnitsky, M. Leskov-Stebnitsky, Freishits, V. Peresvetov, Nikolay Ponukalov, Nikolay Gorokhov, Someone, Dm. M-ev, Member of Society, Priest. P. Kastorsky, Divyank, B. Protozanov, Nikolai-ov, Lover of Antiquities, Passer-by, Lover of Watches, N. L.
1860– moving to Kyiv.
1862– Leskov becomes an employee of the newspaper “Northern Bee” (article about fires).
1862- story “The Extinguished Case” (“Drought”).
1864- novel “Nowhere”, story “Lady Macbeth of Mtsensk”.
1865- Leskov entered into a civil marriage with the widow Ekaterina Bubnova (nee Savitskaya)
1867 - play “Spendthrift.
1870- novel “On Knives”.
1872– the story “The Sealed Angel”, the novel “The Soborians”.
1873- story “The Enchanted Wanderer”.
1880– acquaintance with L.N. Tolstoy.
1881- story “Lefty”.
N. S. Leskov, 1885
From the very beginning, Leskova firmly entered into her work theme of Russian nihilism and nihilists, manifested with varying degrees of openness in the novels, novellas, stories “Outlooked”, “Islanders”, “Soborians”, “Journey with a Nihilist”, etc.
But the main theme in Leskov’s work is righteousness. In the 1870s, the writer created the chronicle “The Cathedrals,” the cycle “The Righteous,” the story “The Sealed Angel,” the story “Childhood Years,” the story “At the End of the World,” the essays “Trifles of Bishop’s Life,” the chronicle “A Seedy Family,” etc. .
1891- the story “Midnight Owls”.
1894- story “Hare Remise”.
"My latest works about Russian society are very cruel. “The Corral”, “Winter Day”, “The Lady and the Fela”... The public does not like these things for their cynicism and directness. Yes, I don’t want to please the public. Let her at least choke on my stories and read. I know how to please her, but I don’t want to please her anymore. I want to scourge her and torture her.”
N. S. Leskov, 1892
- Satire and criticism extend not only to representatives of the bureaucratic system of the state, but also to “new people” - nihilists, participants in the democratic movement (“Nowhere”, 1864, “On Knives”, 1870, etc.);
- Cyclization of stories (“Christ visiting a peasant”, 1881, “Travel with a Nihilist”, 1882, “The Voice of Nature”, 1883, etc.);
- Heroes of the works - simple people. Leskov calls them “righteous people.” In their actions in the fight against evil, they are guided by the voice of conscience (“Lefty”, 1881, “The Enchanted Wanderer”, 1873, etc.);
- Particular interest in national characteristics life;
- Individualization of characters' language and speech characteristics.
Many researchers noted Leskov’s special knowledge of Russian spoken language and masterful use of this knowledge.
Main complaint literary criticism to Leskov in those years was what seemed to her “excessive applied colors,” deliberate expressiveness of speech.
Leskov the artist was appreciated only in the 20th century, when articles by M. Gorky appeared about his innovation and dramatic creative destiny, works by B. M. Eikhenbaum about Leskov’s tale style, illustrations by B. M. Kustodiev, D. D. Shostakovich’s opera “Katerina Izmailova” (based on “Lady Macbeth of Mtsensk”), numerous performances and films based on his works.
Memorial sign
G. Orel, “Lefty”
Philately
- « Great encyclopedia Cyril and Methodius" (electronic textbook).
- Who's Who: The Newest School Student's Guide. – M.: Slovo, Eksmo, 2007. – 1120 p.
3. Rodin I. O. Literature: educational and reference manual. / I. O. Rodin, T. M. Pimenova. – M.: AST: Astrel, 2005. – 447 p.
- http://ru.wikipedia.org
- http://az.lib.ru
Nikolai Semenovich Leskov “As an artist of words, N.S. Leskov is fully worthy to stand next to such creators of Russian literature as Tolstoy, Gogol, Turgenev, Gogcharov. Leskov’s talent in strength and beauty is slightly inferior to the talent of any of the named creators of the Holy Scriptures about the Russian land, and in the breadth of coverage of the phenomena of life, the depth of understanding of its everyday mysteries, and his subtle knowledge of the Great Russian language, he often exceeds the named predecessors and his comrades.” M. Gorky
N.S. Leskov was born on February 16, 1831 in the village. Gorokhovo, Oryol province “Our house was in Oryol on Third Dvoryanskaya Street and stood third from the bank cliff above the Orlik River. The place is quite beautiful." Since y.y. The house belonged to the noble assessor of the Oryol court chamber Semyon Dmitrievich Leskov, the writer’s father. Since 1974 - Leskov's house-museum
Education N.S. Leskova N.S. Leskov studied at the Oryol gymnasium, but did not graduate, having received a pathetic certificate issued to a 3rd grade student, which closed his way to the university and lyceum. Later, he regretted it more than once: the lack of diplomas caused him a lot of trouble.
Start creative activity Leskov spent his youth in Kyiv, which was his “school of life,” and served as an official in public and private service. “He took up the work of a writer as a mature man, superbly armed not with book knowledge, but with genuine knowledge of life.” M. Gorky
He “pierced all of Rus'” M. Gorky “I boldly, perhaps even boldly, think that I know the Russian person to his very depths, and I do not take any credit for this. I was one of my own with the people... I stood between the peasant and the rods tied to him.” N.S.'s office Leskova in Orel.
St. Petersburg At the turn of the year Leskov moved to St. Petersburg, which from then on became the main “residence” of the writer until his death. In St. Petersburg, he makes numerous acquaintances, enters the rhythm of the bustling metropolitan life, and becomes a leading employee of the Northern Bee magazine.
N.S. Leskov was a great worker, and his artistic, journalistic and epistolary heritage is truly immense. Articles against nihilists and denunciation of nihilism in the novel “Nowhere” aggravated Leskov’s relationship with the public, who called for excommunication from literature, but this was impossible: his talent was gaining strength every year. True, it was published only in the magazine “Russian Messenger”. Lifetime edition of Leskov's memoirs
Communication with L.N. Tolstoy Leskov was close to Tolstoy and his family. Many of his works, such as “Idle Dancers,” are marked by the influence of Tolstoy. “I precisely “coincided” with Tolstoy... I did not imitate him, and I used to say the same thing, but not eloquently, hesitantly, timidly and lispingly.”
“Leskov's Righteous Men” “The strength of my talent lies in positive types... When I draw realistically, I always try to find a particle of goodness in the faces I describe. This is what I really seek, find and always distinguish with intense diligence.” “Pygmy”, “Angel” “Odnodum” “Cadet Monastery” “At the End of the World” “Soborians” “Enchanted Wanderer”
“An original, capricious, rebellious person; original, quirky, powerful and juicy talent." L.Ya. Gurevich 1878 - the 6th volume of collected works was arrested, cat. included "Little Things in Life". The first attack of the toad on the stairs of the printing house. This disease will cause death in 5 years - the last service in the Academic Committee of the Ministry of Public Education ended.
Last lifetime portrait Leskova “Tretyakov visited me and asked me to let a portrait be copied from me, for which the artist Valens arrived from Moscow. Alex. Serov. Two sessions have been done and the portrait looks like it will be excellent.” A portrait of Leskov, painted a year before his death by the artist Serov, is in the Tretyakov Gallery.
Exposition of the Leskov House-Museum in Orel Throughout the 35-year literary journey, Oryol impressions fed creative imagination writer. “I invent things hard and difficult, and therefore I always need living persons who could interest me with their spiritual content. I tried to translate them into stories, which were also very often based on a real event...”
Exposition of the Leskov House-Museum in Orel A passionate patriot, Leskov said that “Orel has given birth to as many Russian writers on its shallow waters as no other city has produced.” N.S. Leskov, I.S. Turgenev, F.I. Tyutchev, A.A. Fet, Zhemchuzhnikov Brothers, A.N. Apukhtin, D.I. Pisarev, T.N. Granovsky, historian, Marko Vovchok. Ukrainian pissing I.A. Bunin, B.K. Zaitsev. L.N.Andreev, I.A.Novikov, M.M.Prishvin and others
Leskov about his fellow countryman I.S. Turgenev Leskov was sensitive to perpetuating the memory of his great countrymen. In 1893, in the year of the 75th anniversary and the 10th anniversary of Turgenev’s death, he contacted the editors of the Orlovsky Vestnik newspaper with the article “Turgenevsky Berezhok”. He was the first to show his fellow countrymen the place in the city where they should build a monument to Turgenev, “who glorified his homeland with good fame throughout the entire educated world.”
Leskov died on February 21, 1895. The funeral was modest and sparsely attended. “At my funeral, I ask you not to make any speeches about me. I know that there was a lot of bad things in me and that I don’t deserve any praise or regrets. Anyone who wants to blame me should know that I blamed myself.” Leskov was buried in St. Petersburg at the Volkov cemetery
Memorial plaque on house-museum in Gastolom Few could have predicted Leskov's posthumous fame and popularity in the twentieth century. “He perfectly felt that elusive thing that is called the “soul of the people,” as if he set himself the goal of encouraging, inspiring Rus', exhausted by slavery.” M. Gorky The writer, “who spent his life creating a “positive type of Russian person,” had the right to judge strictly and angrily.
Monument-ensemble N.S. Leskov in Orel In honor of the 150th anniversary of the writer in 1981, a monument-ensemble to N.S. Leskov was built in Orel. Authors: Yu.G. Orekhov, Yu.Yu. Orekhov, architects: V.A. Petersburgtsev, A.V. Stepanov. In the center is a 4-meter figure cast in bronze, mounted on a pedestal of gray granite. All around, raised on columns to the height of a man, the heroes of Leskov’s works come to life.
“Left-handed” Nearby, a Tula gunsmith “slanting left-handed” is “conjuring” over an anvil with a hammer in his hands. We see a vice and a samovar, a symbol of the city of Tula. And the hero is shown at the moment when he forged an amazing factory flea made of “Aglitz blued steel, made in London.” The nameless left-hander can safely be counted among the iconostasis of the “saints and righteous of the Russian land.”
“The Toupee Artist” Here the toupee artist (that is, make-up artist, hairdresser) shows his skills by combing the hair of the actress of the Oryol serf theater of Count Kamensky. The love of a toupey artist for a serf actress ends tragically: Arkady did not escape torture in the count’s dungeon, and Lyuba did not escape the count’s violence.
“The Righteous” from “The Soborians” “The Soborians” became Leskov’s first book, which made Leskov famous. “I was deeply convinced that “without 3 righteous people the city cannot stand.” And I went to look for the righteous.” Three prophet-preachers of the Stargorod Cathedral: Archpriest Savely Tuberozov, Priest Zakhary Benefaktov, Deacon Achilla Desnitsyn.
The Enchanted Wanderer and Grushenka And here we see how the gypsy Grushenka, the heroine of the story “The Enchanted Wanderer,” flutters in a fiery dance. Leaning on his guitar, the typical Russian hero Ivan Severyanich Flyagin, the embodiment of the powerful physical and moral forces of our people, enthusiastically looks at the dancing gypsy. One of the charms of this wanderer of the Russian land is the ability to admire beauty and talent.
N.S. Leskov. Literary portrait of a writer. Tale "Lefty" For a literature lesson in 6th grade. Kolotukhina E.V.
Vocabulary work. Who is the storyteller? Which Russian writer used the “skaz” form of work? What tales do you know?
Nikolai Semenovich Leskov (1831-1895) Whose contemporary was N.S. Leskov? Tell us about the writer's family. What kind of education did N.S. receive? Leskov? What works of Leskov have you read?
N.S. Leskov about himself: “...By origin I belong to hereditary nobility Oryol province... Our family actually comes from the clergy. My grandfather, priest Dmitry Leskov, and his father, grandfather and great-grandfather were all priests in the village of Leski, which is located in the Karachay district of the Oryol province. From this village of Leski our family surname came - Leskovs...”
Leskov's house in Orel.
From Kaz "Lefty" Tale is a folklore form that stands on the verge of everyday speech and artistic creativity. What is the difference between a tale and a fairy tale? Let's pay attention to the full name. Why did the author give the work such a long title? What else can you learn from the title?
Expressive reading 1st chapter.
Analysis of the 1st chapter of the tale. Who could the narrator be? When and where does the story take place? Who are the bosses? characters in chapter 1? What did the British want to surprise the Russians with? For what? What did Platov want to prove to the British? Why? What invention surprised the sovereign? What did Platov do about this? Can we say that Platov is a patriot of the Russian land? A patriot is one who loves his Fatherland, is devoted to his people, and is ready to make sacrifices and heroic deeds in the name of the interests of his Motherland.
Flea What was the fate of the flea? Who got it?
Lesson summary. Why did Leskov choose a common man as the narrator? What is the peculiarity and unusualness of the genre of this work? What new did you learn in the lesson?
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Slide captions:
Characteristics of the characters in the tale “Lefty”. For a literature lesson in 6th grade. Kolotukhina E.V.
Checking the d/z Retelling the episodes (in narrative order) Why did you choose this chapter for retelling? What do you think is the main idea in this chapter?
Alexander Pavlovich (Alexander 1) What quotes characterizing Alexander Pavlovich did you find in the work? Give brief comments on each quote.
“How Platov accepted the work of Tula masters” How did the Don Cossack Platov appear before the masters? Find verbs that name the actions of Platov. How do these actions characterize Platov?
How is the narrator's attitude towards Platov and Nicholas 1 shown in chapters 11-12?
Results By what means does Leskov portray his heroes? By what signs can you determine author's attitude to the heroes: Alexander 1, Nikolai 1, Platov?
Homework Prepare a story about the fate of an oblique left-hander. Expressive reading of one of the chapters (13-16).
Materials by A.N. Zamyshlyaeva. Literature. 6th grade - Volgograd, 2014, pp. 140-143. N.V. Egorova. Lesson developments in literature. 6th grade - M.: VAKO, 2014 - pp. 128-132. I.L. Chelysheva. Literature. 6th grade – R.-on-Don: Phoenix, 2015, pp. 81-84. Author of the template source: Lidiya Petrovna Fokina.
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"Terrible secret" of Tula masters. The fate of the left-hander. For a literature lesson in 6th grade. Kolotukhina E.V.
Checking d/z Expressive reading of chapter 13.
About the fate of the Tula oblique left-hander How is left-handedness portrayed? What do we learn about him?
How is the job described? three masters- gunsmiths?
How did the residents of Tula try to find out what the “terrible secret” was?
What struck the left-handed English masters?
Who is to blame for the terrible fate of the left-hander?
Results The main qualities of a left-handed person: ... The main idea of the author: ...
Homework Questions and assignments 1,2 headings “Improving our speech”. Compile a dictionary of unusual words from the tale.
Materials by A.N. Zamyshlyaeva. Literature. 6th grade - Volgograd, 2014, pp. 140-144. N.V. Egorova. Lesson developments in literature. 6th grade - M.: VAKO, 2014 - pp. 128-135. Artists' illustrations. Author of the template source: Lidiya Petrovna Fokina.
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Features of the language of the tale by N.S. Leskova “Lefty” For a literature lesson in 6th grade. Kolotukhina E.V.
Checking the homework Questions and tasks 1,2 of the heading “Improving our speech” (p. 270).
The world of language mysteries by N. Leskova Task “Decipherer” Read the words and decipher what they mean. Why did the author come up with and use these words in the story? 1st team 2nd team 3rd team 4th team 5th team Double carriage; studying. Abolon Polvedersky; chicken with lynx. Storm gauge; multiplication dot. Bite; with boilie. tugament; Solid Earth Sea.
Let's check 1 2 3 4 5 Double carriage; jelly + pudding. Apollo Belvedere; chicken with rice. Barometer + storm; multiplication table. Couch; with a fight. Document; Mediterranean Sea. Such “folk” words create a humorous effect and give credibility to the image of the narrator, imitating folk speech.
Task “Editor” Replace the highlighted word used by Leskov with a commonly used one; choose synonyms for it. 1st team 2nd team 3rd team 4th team 5th team ... wanted to travel around Europe ... ... and they wanted to bend everyone to their side ... ... only they lowered their nose into a shaggy cloak ... ... they began to show all sorts of surprises ... ... why did the sovereign of the British regret...
Task "Why". Why is the bite called annoying? Why did the writer choose such synonyms for the word master: skilled craftsmen, cunning craftsmen? Why did Leskov use the words belly, back, side, and not belly, back, side when talking about a flea?
Assignment “Culturologist” What Russian tradition is described by N. Leskov? “With us, when a person wants to discover a detailed intention about a girl, he sends a conversational woman, and as she makes an excuse, then they go into the house together politely and look at the girl, without hiding, but with all their kinship.”
Task “Storyteller” Tell a story about a flea on behalf of... 1st team 2nd team 3rd team 4th team 5th team Emperor Nikolai Pavlovich Platov English left-handed flea
Techniques of the comic by N. Leskov Give examples from the text of the following techniques of the comic: play on words, folk etymology, confusion of meanings in distorted words, irony (the use of a word that means opposite meaning), inconsistencies, unexpected effects, deviations from the norm.
Lefty What is your idea of a lefty? Describe his appearance, create an oral portrait.
Summary How is the last chapter different from the rest? What is its main idea? What impression did N. Leskov’s tale make on you?
Homework Complete creative task(p. 271). To prepare for test work based on the works of N.A. Nekrasov and N.S. Leskova
Materials by A.N. Zamyshlyaeva. Literature. 6th grade - Volgograd, 2014, pp. 140-144. N.V. Egorova. Lesson developments in literature. 6th grade - M.: VAKO, 2014 - pp. 128-137. I.L. Chelysheva. Literature. 6th grade – R.-on-Don: Phoenix, 2015, pp. 83-84. Author of the template source: Lidiya Petrovna Fokina.
Preview:
Test.
Tale "Lefty"
- What is a "folding"?
a) folding icon, c) scarf,
b) a folding knife, d) a boot.
- What is an “ozyamchik”?
a) sheepskin coat,
b) peasant clothes like a sheepskin coat,
c) peasant clothes like a jacket,
d) peasant clothes like a coat.
- Who owns the words: “Don’t spoil politics for me!”?
a) Emperor Pavel Alexandrovich,
b) Emperor Nikolai Pavlovich,
c) Emperor Alexander Pavlovich,
d) Platov.
- “The Emperor looked and saw: exactly, the tiniest one was lying on a silver tray...”:
a) figurine, b) flea, c) toy, d) speck.
- How many rubles did Platov give to Lefty for his work?
a) 50, b) 100, c) 200, d) 10.
- To which city did the masters go “to bow before the icon”?
a) to Tula, b) to Moscow, c) to Kyiv, d) to Mtsensk.
- In which nut did the English flea lie?
a) in gold, c) in malachite,
- What is the name of the reception?
By force the sovereign grabbed this key and force it into a pinch could hold it, and the other I took a pinch of flea...
- What does the word mean dance?
N.S. Leskov "Lefty"
Option 2
- What is hidden mockery called?“Platov thinks to himself: “Well, thank God, everything is fine: the sovereign is not surprised at anything.”)?
- What is the name of the form of verbal interaction of the hero as an exchange of remarks?
- Name visual medium:
... lies on the silver the tiniest speck on the tray.
- What is the name of the reception?
... they gave a flea as a gift, and case they didn’t bring it to her: without case You can’t hold it or the key... But case they have it made from a solid diamond nut... They didn’t show this because case , they say it’s state-owned, but they are strict about state-owned...
- What does the word mean beliefs?
Key.
IN 1: 1 – tale, 2 – seven, 3 – epithet, 4 – repetition, 5 – dance.
AT 2: 1 – irony, 2 – dialogue, 3 – epithet, 4 – repetition, 5 – variations.
Literature:
E.L. Lyashenko. Literature tests: Publishing house "Exam", M., 2016, pp. 33-34.
Goals:
- introduce the biography of the writer; give an idea of the genre of the tale;
- develop the ability to work with text;
- interest in the unusual nature of the story;
- cultivate a sense of patriotism.
Equipment: multimedia board, crossword puzzle cards.
DURING THE CLASSES
1. introduction teachers
– Today we are starting to get acquainted with the most interesting writer, Nikolai Semenovich Leskov and the heroes of his work. ( Annex 1 , slide 1) I really hope that you will not remain indifferent to the writer’s work, will receive aesthetic pleasure by learning and discovering a new name in literature, and the heroes of his works will help you find life guidelines in this huge world.
– I invite you to take a trip to the city of Orel - the city of N.S. Leskov’s childhood and youth. Without leaving the classroom, mentally overcoming time and distance, we will walk through places associated with the life of “the most original Russian writer”, visit the houses in which he lived or visited, and admire the views that attracted his attention.
From the black frame looks into my eyes
Leskov's face with greedy eyes,
Like a hidden thunderstorm
In the image of the smart Serov. ( Annex 1 , slide 2)
2. Correspondence trip to the city of Orel
- So, we're in hometown Leskova - Orel, founded at the confluence of the Oka and Orlik rivers back in the 16th century by Ivan the Terrible as a fortress that was supposed to protect the approaches to Moscow. A passionate patriot of his native places, Leskov loved and was proud of his small Motherland to the depths of his soul.
Here, in Oryol, a monument to Leskov was erected, which never ceases to amaze Oryol residents and guests of the city. ( Annex 1 , slide 3) In the center is the figure of the writer, cast in bronze. “Intelligent, temperamental, with prickly black eyes, with a complex and whimsical soul, full of rebellious passions” - this is how Leskov was seen by his contemporaries, and this is how the creators of the monument portrayed him. And all around, raised on columns to the height of a man, Leskov’s heroes come to life. ( Annex 1 , slide 4)
Among them is the familiar Tula gunsmith Lefty, he works magic over an anvil with a hammer in his left hand. We notice a vise - Lefty's working tool. The hero himself is shown just at the moment when he managed to forge an amazing clockwork flea from “Aglitz blued steel, made in London.” The column on which Lefty is raised is the only one in the ensemble composition of the monument that has beautiful lace carvings. This is understandable: Lefty is the personification of the talent of our people.
The place where the monument was erected was not chosen by chance. This part of the city is connected with the life and work of Leskov. The future writer lived nearby, in the house of the Khlebnikovs. From here he went to services every day at the Oryol Criminal Chamber across the Orlik River past the church. ( Annex 1
, slide 5)
Next to the monument is the building of a men's gymnasium. ( Annex 1 , slide 6) As Leskov recalls about his studies: “Who taught us and how we were taught - it’s funny to remember... In the Oryol gymnasium, the classrooms were so cramped, the stuffiness was terrible, and we sat resolutely on top of each other. Among our teachers was Vasily Aleksandrovich Funkendorf, who often, coming to class, fell asleep, bowing his head on the table, then jumping up with a ruler in his hands, ran around the class, hitting us with anyone and in any place.” It is not surprising that Leskov left the gymnasium without completing the course.
And this is the house on Third Dvoryanskaya Street, where the writer once lived, now here is the house-museum of N.S. Leskov. ( Annex 1 , slide 7) We can visit his office, carefully recreated from a photograph taken on March 5, 1895. The cabinet reflected not only the tastes and preferences, but also the character of its owner. The room is colorful, bright, and unique. ( Annex 1 , slide 8) Numerous antique clocks with which his room is decorated and decorated chime every quarter of an hour. Countless portraits, paintings in snapshots and originals, a long, narrow image of the Mother of God hanging in the middle of the wall - all this was dazzling before my eyes from all sides. On the tables there are many multi-colored lamps, a lot of trinkets, separately in a small case, a simple Gospel, all covered with marks and notes.
It seems that the walls are saying: “...worked, written, honored. It's time to rest." And clocks of every shape and size peacefully assent: “Yes, it’s time, it’s time, it’s time.” And the bird in the cage shouts fervently and sharply: “We’ll fight again, damn it...”
And the lines of the Oryol poet Alexander Belsky beg into the soul:
The spirit has grown unparalleled
By the quiet Oka waves,
Meaningful of his time
Half him.
With social untruths
The artist was in a struggle,
When he wrote to Lefty,
He wrote about himself.
The narrator is enchanted,
Great dreamer
He is also a magician of words,
And the words hypnotist.
And the strength in him is such,
And he has such talent -
Talent to love Russia,
To love our native people.
Leskov was deeply convinced that not a single Russian city could exist if it did not have at least three righteous people.
– Who are they, the righteous, what kind of people are they?
According to Leskov, righteous people are people who have lived their lives “without lying, without deceiving, without being deceitful, without upsetting their neighbor and without condemning a biased enemy.” And a righteous person is always a patriot.
And Leskov went to look for the righteous in the Russian land, and together with him we will go on a search in the work of N.S. Leskov - the tale “Lefty”.
3. Meet new people literary term
Notebook entry: A tale is a genre of epic based on folk legend and legends. The narration is told on behalf of the narrator, a person with a special character and style of speech.
– What elements of folklore did you notice in the work?
4. Working with illustrations
– Leskov’s tale evoked a response from famous illustrators, and we will also turn to the illustrations. Here is an illustration that was placed with the page title of the book. ( Annex 1 , slide 9) Take a closer look at the illustration.
– Why did the artist depict a portrait of Lefty in the title?
– What character traits and appearance do you think are depicted?
– What business is Lefty depicted doing?
– What does it mean that Lefty is doing “a disgraceful job for the English nation”? What tools are shown on the master's desktop? Why isn't there a microscope on the table?
5. Working with the text of the work
– But Leskov did not begin his work with a story about Lefty. Let's read the beginning of the work.
– What feelings do you experience reading these lines?
A reflection of Russian glory colors the narrative: Russia is a victorious power, Russian soldiers in the Patriotic War of 1812 not only defended their Fatherland, but also brought liberation to the peoples of Europe. There is something to be proud of! Admire! There is something to reinforce the feeling of national pride. One can imagine the feeling of pride the Russian emperor feels when traveling around Europe.
– How does Alexander I behave during his trip? Does it meet our reader expectations?
– Find in Chapter 1 the word that defines the essence of the emperor’s character? How do you explain this word?
– Select epithets for the image of the Russian emperor.
– We will follow Alexander I and visit the museum, which stores rare things, i.e. cabinet of curiosities Imagine that you are guides in a museum, take a tour of the Kunstkamera. The text of the work and the following illustration will help you. (slide 10)
– And now I invite you to play the role of translators: you must “translate” the following words from Leskov’s work into modern Russian.
Abolon Polvedersky– Apollo Belvedere
Marine storm gauges– sea barometers
Merblue mantons– camel coats
Huge Busters– huge busts
Prelamut– mother of pearl
Beliefs– variations
Melkosko n – microscope
Egyptian ceramide– Egyptian pyramid
Nymphosoria– ciliates
Valdakhin– canopy
Resin waterproof cables.
– Why does Leskov “distort” the sound of these words?
– Indeed, many scenes in the work make you smile. For example, this one. ( Annex 1
, slide 11)
– What title would you come up with for this illustration?
– How are the heroes depicted? How are the mood and behavior of the characters in the work conveyed?
– Did you often smile while reading “Lefty”? Maybe you can tell me a memorable episode?
– And I remember and liked the Don Cossack Platov, lying on the “bed.” Remember what epithet “stood up” next to the word “bite”? Why this one? (slide 12)
– Match the picture with the final lines of Chapter 3. What new did the artist add?
6. Vocabulary work
– Try to guess the words-objects that relate to the image of Platov. (cm. Appendix 2 )
7. Problematic question
– Do you think Platov is similar to Lefty? Can he be called righteous?
8. Summing up
– So, guys, today in class we met a talented Russian writer, N.S. Leskov, tried to penetrate the world of his heroes, and began to talk about the Tula master. I would like to believe that Leskov’s heroes will find a response in your soul. And again I repeat the lines from the poem:
When he wrote to Lefty,
He wrote about himself.
