Logical and entertaining problems (300 problems). Take an integrated approach

Entertaining puzzles for lateral thinking

Paul Sloan and Des McHale

Translation from English N. Chupeeva; illustrations by Myron Miller

INTRODUCTION

The brain needs and benefits from exercise. These puzzles are a kind of mental fitness course aimed at developing your ability to think outside the box. You can even do an additional exercise once you hear the answers.

The puzzles contained in this book consist of unusual, often far from real life situations. Each of them has a completely logical explanation. You have to get to the heart of the matter every time. The "Clues" section contains guiding questions and hints in case you find yourself stuck. You may enjoy these puzzles more if you solve them not alone, but with friends, colleagues, etc. It will be best if someone who knows the solutions to the puzzles answers questions asked by other group members. Questions should be formulated in such a way that they can be answered with “yes,” “no,” or “irrelevant.”

When you start solving puzzles, it is best to test all your assumptions and hunches. Ask questions broadly and clearly to find out what is really going on in the situation at hand. You will have to be both logical and imaginative. When a series of questions lead you nowhere, you will have to approach the solution “from the other side.” This is when the ability to think outside the box will play its decisive role.

The puzzles contained in this book are divided into 4 main groups with two tests VASLYA, included in the text for variety and light respite. The easier tasks are included in the “Test Puzzles” section, and the most difficult ones are included in the “Devil Puzzles” section. There is also a section in this book called “Scary Puzzles”. They are all about death, accidents or injuries. Such puzzles are among the most popular, but scrupulous and fastidious readers have a hostile attitude towards such riddles. And here are the tests VASLYA, may appeal to the most cheerful readers. These tests are specifically designed to make you laugh.

The world needs people who can think outside the box and find new, original approaches to solving current problems in all areas of life. Humanity needs people who can find new and exciting solutions to the problems that confront us. Our puzzles are, of course, primarily entertainment. But for all that, they can help create a new legion of people who can think outside the box.

PUZZLES

1. Test puzzles

1.1 A story about a fish

One woman had a favorite that was very dear to her - gold fish. Once a woman noticed that the fish in the aquarium was not swimming as well as before, was weakening and wasting away. Then this woman took the fish to the veterinarian, who told her to come back in an hour. When the woman returned, she saw that her goldfish had become as active as before and seemed to have recovered. How did the vet manage to cope with such a task?

1.2 Missing passenger

Little Billy was only 4 years old, and his father and mother were no longer in the world. The man who cared for Billy sent him by train to the village where Billy would now live. Billy could neither read nor write.

He also did not know the place where he was sent. Only the large sign hanging around his neck could help Billy get where he needed to go, because on this sign his name and destination were written. However, despite all the efforts and all the goodwill of the railway employees, Billy never got to the village where he was sent. Why?

One woman approached a man standing behind the counter and handed him a book. The man looked at this book and said: “That’s four dollars.” The woman paid the stated amount and left without taking the book. The man saw that the woman left empty-handed, but did not call her back. Why?

1.4 "Hairy" problem

Why - in general - does the hair on a man's head turn gray before his mustache?

Two naturalists, determined to protect nature and save endangered species of animals and plants, are talking to each other. One says to the other, “I liked the way you hit that bird.” The second responds to this: “Yes, it turned out well, but worse than what you and I big bird" What were these naturalists talking about?

1.6 Blind while drinking tea

One man was drinking tea when he suddenly became blind. What happened to this man?

1.7 Miscalculation

One man was slowly counting something, but unfortunately lost count. A little later he felt a sharp pain in his back. Because of which?

1.8 Weather forecast

John was watching TV. Just after the midnight news, the weather forecast said: “It is raining now and will not stop for the next two days. However, in 72 hours it will be clear and sunny.” “They’re lying again,” John snorted. He was right, but how did he know that the forecast was wrong?

1.9 You can’t look to the West...

Agree that at the North Pole it is impossible to look to the North, and at the South Pole - to the South. Where, then, would you be if you could look from there to the North and the South, but could not look either to the East or to the West?

1.10 Beggar

The beggar had a brother who died. How is the beggar related to his dead brother? (Do not answer “Brother.”)

1.11 Truck driver

The officer saw the truck driver driving the wrong way on a one-way street, but made no attempt to stop the driver. Why?

1.12 Mountains ahead

You are sitting next to the pilot of a small plane 1 mile above sea level. You can see huge mountains right in front of you. The pilot does not change speed, direction, or altitude, but you remain unharmed. Find an explanation for this.

1.13 Strange baptism

During the baptism ceremony, the baby's godmother suddenly grabs the priest who is leading the ceremony, pushes him so that he ends up on the floor, and then she rolls the priest along the floor. Why is she doing this?

1.14 Pond problem

One person wants to get to an island located in the middle of a decorative pond and remain dry. An island is separated from each side of the pond by a distance of 20 feet (see figure), and the man has 2 boards, each 17 feet long. How will this person be able to get to the island?

1.15 Walking and running

Once upon a time there were two avid athletes. One evening, exactly at 6:00 p.m., one of them started on foot at 4 miles per hour, and the other started on a bicycle at 12 miles per hour. After an hour, each of them stopped. Then they both ran for 15 minutes at 8 miles per hour. Both athletes started at the same point A. Both moved the entire time in the same direction, never changing course and without resting for 45 minutes. Both reached point B at the same time. How could this happen and what was the distance from A to B?

1.16 Church Bells I

One detective lay in bed on a Sunday morning listening to the local church bells ringing. Suddenly he realized that he was listening to a soundtrack. How did he guess this?

1.17 Church Bells II

One night the vicar noticed that the old church clock was striking 13 strokes at midnight. The same thing happened the next midnight, and the vicar checked the clock mechanism. The mechanism turned out to be in perfect order, but the clock struck 13 strikes again. Why?

1.18 Popular book

When this book was first published, only a few very rich people read it. Now almost everyone has a copy of this book, and many people often look into it. However, you cannot buy it in a bookstore, just as you cannot borrow it from a library. What is this book?

1.19 River crossing problem I

One man came to the river, bringing with him a fox, a duck and a bag of grain. Near the very bank of the river, he saw a boat in which it was possible to transport only a fox, or only a duck, or only one bag of grain across the river at a time. A man could not leave a fox alone with a duck or a duck “alone” with a sack of grain. How did this man get the fox, duck and sack across the river?

Entertaining puzzles for lateral thinking

Paul Sloan and Des McHale

Translation from English N. Chupeeva; illustrations by Myron Miller

INTRODUCTION

The brain needs and benefits from exercise. These puzzles are a kind of mental fitness course aimed at developing your ability to think outside the box. You can even do an additional exercise once you hear the answers.

The puzzles contained in this book consist of unusual, often far from real life situations. Each of them has a completely logical explanation. You have to get to the heart of the matter every time. The "Clues" section contains guiding questions and hints in case you find yourself stuck. You may enjoy these puzzles more if you solve them not alone, but with friends, colleagues, etc. It will be best if someone who knows the solutions to the puzzles answers questions asked by other group members. Questions should be formulated in such a way that they can be answered with “yes,” “no,” or “irrelevant.”

When you start solving puzzles, it is best to test all your assumptions and hunches. Ask questions broadly and clearly to find out what is really going on in the situation at hand. You will have to be both logical and imaginative. When a series of questions lead you nowhere, you will have to approach the solution “from the other side.” This is when the ability to think outside the box will play its decisive role.

The puzzles contained in this book are divided into 4 main groups with two VASLYU tests included in the text for variety and easy respite. The easier tasks are included in the “Test Puzzles” section, and the most difficult ones are included in the “Devil Puzzles” section. There is also a section in this book called “Scary Puzzles”. They are all about death, accidents or injuries. Such puzzles are among the most popular, but scrupulous and fastidious readers have a hostile attitude towards such riddles. But VASLYU's tests may appeal to the most cheerful readers. These tests are specifically designed to make you laugh.

The world needs people who can think outside the box and find new, original approaches to solving current problems in all areas of life. Humanity needs people who can find new and exciting solutions to the problems that confront us. Our puzzles are, of course, primarily entertainment. But for all that, they can help create a new legion of people who can think outside the box.

PUZZLES

1. Test puzzles

1.1 A story about a fish

One woman had a very dear favorite to her - a goldfish. Once a woman noticed that the fish in the aquarium was not swimming as well as before, was weakening and wasting away. Then this woman took the fish to the veterinarian, who told her to come back in an hour. When the woman returned, she saw that her goldfish had become as active as before and seemed to have recovered. How did the vet manage to cope with such a task?

1.2 Missing passenger

Little Billy was only 4 years old, and his father and mother were no longer in the world. The man who cared for Billy sent him by train to the village where Billy would now live. Billy could neither read nor write.

He also did not know the place where he was sent. Only the large sign hanging around his neck could help Billy get where he needed to go, because on this sign his name and destination were written. However, despite all the efforts and all the goodwill of the railway employees, Billy never got to the village where he was sent. Why?

One woman approached a man standing behind the counter and handed him a book. The man looked at this book and said: “That’s four dollars.” The woman paid the stated amount and left without taking the book. The man saw that the woman left empty-handed, but did not call her back. Why?

1.4 "Hairy" problem

Why - in general - does the hair on a man's head turn gray before his mustache?

Two naturalists, determined to protect nature and save endangered species of animals and plants, are talking to each other. One says to the other, “I liked the way you hit that bird.” The second responds to this: “Yes, it turned out well, but worse than what you did with the big bird.” What were these naturalists talking about?

1.6 Blind while drinking tea

One man was drinking tea when he suddenly became blind. What happened to this man?

1.7 Miscalculation

One man was slowly counting something, but unfortunately lost count. A little later he felt a sharp pain in his back. Because of which?

1.8 Weather forecast

John was watching TV. Just after the midnight news, the weather forecast said: “It is raining now and will not stop for the next two days. However, in 72 hours it will be clear and sunny.” “They’re lying again,” John snorted. He was right, but how did he know that the forecast was wrong?

1.9 You can’t look to the West...

Agree that at the North Pole it is impossible to look to the North, and at the South Pole - to the South. Where, then, would you be if you could look from there to the North and the South, but could not look either to the East or to the West?

1.10 Beggar

The beggar had a brother who died. How is the beggar related to his dead brother? (Do not answer “Brother.”)

1.11 Truck driver

The officer saw the truck driver driving the wrong way on a one-way street, but made no attempt to stop the driver. Why?

1.12 Mountains ahead

You are sitting next to the pilot of a small plane 1 mile above sea level. You can see huge mountains right in front of you. The pilot does not change speed, direction, or altitude, but you remain unharmed. Find an explanation for this.

1.13 Strange baptism

During the baptism ceremony, the baby's godmother suddenly grabs the priest who is leading the ceremony, pushes him so that he ends up on the floor, and then she rolls the priest along the floor. Why is she doing this?

1.14 Pond problem

One person wants to get to an island located in the middle of a decorative pond and remain dry. An island is separated from each side of the pond by a distance of 20 feet (see figure), and the man has 2 boards, each 17 feet long. How will this person be able to get to the island?

1.15 Walking and running

Once upon a time there were two avid athletes. One evening, exactly at 6:00 p.m., one of them started on foot at 4 miles per hour, and the other started on a bicycle at 12 miles per hour. After an hour, each of them stopped. Then they both ran for 15 minutes at 8 miles per hour. Both athletes started at the same point A. Both moved the entire time in the same direction, never changing course and without resting for 45 minutes. Both reached point B at the same time. How could this happen and what was the distance from A to B?

Many years ago, at school, the teacher gave us a riddle to ask us to think outside the box, and the whole class solved it in 30 minutes. I really liked this type of riddle, but new ones came across very rarely. And then I came across a wonderful book by Paul Sloan: “Tricky Lateral Thinking Puzzles” on Ozone. Situation puzzles or simply “yes/no” puzzles, these riddles are good to solve collectively.

I suggest you solve one of these riddles!

Rules: the presenter describes the part strange story, and guessers must reconstruct the entire situation. The presenter can only answer “Yes,” “No,” or “Irrelevant,” which means the questions must be appropriate.

Mystery:
- A man was driving along the highway in a car, turned on the radio, listened for a while, turned off the radio, stopped the car, got out, and shot himself. Why?

With every correct question, you get closer to the solution.

Examples of questions:
- did this happen during the day? - Yes,
- Was he being pursued? - No

If you know the answer straight away, please don't ruin the fun for others!

My first post, I would be glad for advice on how to improve it or where to move it :).

Here are questions where the answer is: YES, I submit it at the request of HOBAA:
- Did what he heard on the radio relate directly to him? - YES
- Or to his place of work? - YES
- Was he currently an employee of this job?, Did he plan to work at this job in the future?, Did he already work at this job? - YES
- Was what he heard on the radio supposed to ruin his life forever? - Yes
- was it a famous, or popular, or wealthy person? - Yes
- His own work had anything to do with radio? - YES!
- Did this happen in peacetime? - Yes
- did he work at this radio station? - YES!
- Was he fired from the radio? No
- Did he listen to the recording of the program where he himself performed? - YEEES
- Did he work as a radio presenter? - Yes
- Did he know that this program was going to air? - Yes
- Were any distortions introduced into what he was actually going to say (editing, for example)? Answer: some distortion - yes
added on purpose? - No
- Was the program interrupted on the server side? - Yes
- the result of his work was announced on the radio? - No
- did he break the law? - Yes
- Was it a live broadcast? - No
- Recording? - YES
- Was he traveling alone? - Yes
- Did he intentionally break the law? - Yes
- Has the radio station changed its location (broadcasting frequency, physical location)? - Yes
- the server side has ceased to exist? No, the radio station is broadcasting further.
- Did the radio station know what was on the recording? -> Did the cameraman who played the film know? - Yes, and “manager”? - No
- Was the recording interrupted for a technical reason? - Yes
- Was the film put on by the operator who recorded it? - YES
- If there had been no interruption in broadcasting, nothing would have happened? - yes, there would be no suicide
- the violation of the law consisted of words NOT spoken by him? (due to broadcast interruption) - yes
- Did he perform on air himself and edit the sound himself? - Yes
- And in general, is this problem related to the film? - Yes
-was there silence during the broadcast break? - No
interference? - Yes
other radio? - No
the broadcast interruption was audible only to him or to everyone in this moment did you listen to this radio wave? - Everyone

Correct answer:
The man worked at a small radio station, recorded his program on tape and put it on playback (at the radio station, at this time he is alone, and the program is usually broadcast live). He went to kill his wife himself. On the way back to work, he decided to check the operation of the film and heard that the film had jammed. So he no longer had an alibi...

The following riddles were asked (and already guessed) in the comments.

There is a rich house and a poor one. They are burning. Which house will the police extinguish?

Police don't put out fires, firefighters put out fires

How can a person not sleep for 8 days?

Sleep at night

You enter a dark kitchen. It contains a candle, a kerosene lamp and a gas stove. What will you light first?

A girl is sitting, and you cannot sit in her place, even if she gets up and leaves. Where is she sitting?

She sits on your lap

You are standing in front of three switches. Behind an opaque wall are three light bulbs that are turned off. You need to manipulate the switches, go into the room and determine which light bulb each switch belongs to.

First you need to turn on two switches. After some time, turn off one of them. Enter the room. One light bulb will be hot from the switch on, the second will be warm from the switch off, the third will be cold from the untouched switch.

It is known that among the nine coins there is one counterfeit one, which weighs less than the rest of the coins. How can you identify a counterfeit coin in two weighings using a cup scale?

1st weighing: 3 and 3 coins. The counterfeit coin is in the pile that weighs less. If they are equal, then the fake is in the third pile. 2nd weighing: Any 2 coins from the pile with the lowest weight are compared. If they are equal, then the remaining coin is fake

Two people approach the river. There is a boat at the shore that can only support one. Both people crossed to the opposite bank. How?

They were on different banks

Two fathers, two sons found three oranges and divided them. Everyone got a whole orange. How can this be?

The dog was tied to a ten-meter rope and walked 300 meters. How did she do it?

The rope was not tied to anything

How can a thrown egg fly three meters without breaking?

You need to throw the egg four meters, then it will fly the first three meters intact

The man was driving a large truck. The lights on the car were not turned on. There was no moon either. The woman began to cross the road in front of the car. How did the driver manage to see her?

It was a bright sunny day

If five cats catch five mice in five minutes, how long does it take one cat to catch one mouse?

Five minutes

Is it possible to light a match underwater?

It is possible if you pour water into some container, for example, into a glass, and hold the match below the glass

The boat rocks on the water. A ladder was thrown from it along the side. Before high tide, the water covered only the bottom step. How long will it take for the water to cover the 3rd step from the bottom if during high tide the water rises at 20 cm per hour and the distance between the steps is 30 cm?

Never, because the boat rises with the water

How to divide five apples between five girls so that each gets an apple and at the same time one of the apples remains in the basket?

Give one girl an apple along with a basket

One and a half pike perch costs one and a half rubles. How much do 13 pike perch cost?

Traders and potters. In one city all the people were traders or potters. Merchants always told lies, but potters always told the truth. When all the people gathered in the square, each of those gathered said to the others: “You are all traders!” How many potters were there in this city?

The potter was alone because:

1. If there were no potters, then the traders would have to tell the truth that all the other traders are traders, and this contradicts the conditions of the problem.
2. If there were more than one potter, then each potter would have to lie that the rest were traders.

There are two coins on the table; they add up to 3 rubles. One of them is not 1 ruble. What coins are these?

1 and 2 rubles

The satellite makes one revolution around the Earth in 1 hour 40 minutes, and the other in 100 minutes. How can it be?

100 minutes is 1 hour 40 minutes

As you know, all Russian female names end with either the letter “a” or the letter “ya”: Anna, Maria, Irina, Natalya, Olga, etc. However, there is only one thing female name, which ends with another letter. Name it.

What has no length, depth, width, height, but can be measured?

Time, temperature

If it rains at 12 o'clock at night, can we expect sunny weather 72 hours later?

No, because in 72 hours it will be night

Seven brothers have one sister. How many sisters are there in total?

One yacht goes from Nice to Sanremo, the other from Sanremo to Nice. They left the harbors at the same time. For the first hour, the yachts moved at the same speed (60 km/h), but then the first yacht increased its speed to 80 km/h. Which yacht will be closer to Nice when they meet?

At the moment of their meeting they will be at the same distance from Nice

A woman was walking towards Moscow, and three men met her. Everyone has a bag, in each bag there is a cat. How many creatures were heading to Moscow?

Only the woman went to Moscow, the rest went in the other direction

There were 10 birds sitting on a tree. A hunter came and shot one bird. How many birds are left on the tree?

Not a single one - the rest of the birds flew away

The train runs from east to west, and the wind blows from north to south. In which direction does the smoke fly from the chimney?

You are running a marathon and have passed the runner who was running second. What position do you take now?

Second. If you answered that you are now first, then this is incorrect: you overtook the second runner and took his place, so you are now in second position

You are running a marathon and have passed the last runner. What position do you take now?

If you answered that it was the penultimate one, you were wrong again :). Think about how you can overtake the last runner? If you are running after him, then he is not the last. The correct answer is - it is impossible, you cannot overtake the last runner

There were three cucumbers and four apples on the table. The child took one apple from the table. How much fruit is left on the table?

3 fruits, and cucumbers are vegetables

The product first rose in price by 10%, and then fell in price by 10%. What is its value now relative to its original value?

99%: after the price increase, 10% was added to 100% - it turned out to be 110%; 10% of 110% = 11%; then subtract 11% from 110% and get 99%

How many times does the number 4 appear in the integers from 1 to 50?

15 times: 4, 14, 24, 34, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44 - twice, 45, 46. 47, 48, 49

You have driven your car two-thirds of the way. At the beginning of the journey, the car's gas tank was full, but now it is one quarter full. Will there be enough gasoline until the end of the trip (at the same consumption)?

No, because 1/4< 1/3

Mary's father has 5 daughters: Chacha, Cheche, Chichi, Chocho. What is the name of the fifth daughter?

A deaf and mute man went into a stationery store to buy a pencil sharpener. He stuck his finger in left ear and with the fist of his other hand he made rotational movement near your right ear. The seller immediately understood what was being asked of him. Then a blind man entered the same store. How did he explain to the salesman that he wanted to buy scissors?

I just said, he's blind, but not dumb

A rooster has flown to the border between Russia and China. I sat down exactly on the border, absolutely in the middle. Layed an egg. It fell exactly across: the border divides it in the middle. Which country does the egg belong to?

Roosters don't lay eggs!

One morning, a soldier who had previously been on night guard approached the centurion and said that that night he had seen in a dream how the barbarians would attack the fortress from the north that evening. The centurion did not really believe in this dream, but still took measures. That same evening, the barbarians actually attacked the fortress, but thanks to the measures taken, their attack was repulsed. After the battle, the centurion thanked the soldier for the warning and then ordered him to be taken into custody. Why?

Because he slept on duty

There are ten fingers on the hands. How many fingers are there on ten hands?

Airplane with English tourists flew from Holland to Spain. He crashed in France. Where should the surviving (wounded) tourists be buried?

The survivors do not need to be buried! :)

You were driving a bus with 42 passengers from Boston to Washington. At each of the six stops, 3 people got out of it, and at every second - four. What was the driver's name when the driver arrived in Washington 10 hours later?

How about you, because in the beginning it was said that You drove the bus

What can you find in minutes, seconds and days, but not in years, decades and centuries?

How many times can you subtract 3 from 25?

Once, because after the first subtraction the number "25" will change to "22"

Mrs Taylor's bungalow is all finished in pink color: It has pink lamps, pink walls, pink carpets and a pink ceiling. What color are the stairs in this bungalow?

There are no stairs in the bungalow

In the ancient castle where the prison was located, there were 4 round towers in which prisoners were imprisoned. One of the prisoners decided to escape. And then one fine day he hid in a corner, and when a guard came in, he stunned him with a blow to the head, and he ran away, changing into different clothes. Could this happen?

No, since the towers were round and there were no corners

The 12-story building has an elevator. Only 2 people live on the ground floor; from floor to floor the number of residents doubles. Which button in the elevator of this building is pressed most often?

Regardless of the distribution of residents by floor - button “1”

A pair of horses ran 20 kilometers. Question: How many kilometers did each horse run individually?

20 kilometers

What can stand and walk, hang and stand, walk and lie at the same time?

Is it possible to predict the score? football match before it starts and if so, how?

The score of any match before it starts is always 0:0

What can a person increase in diameter by 7 times in a few seconds?

Pupil. When moving from bright light towards darkness, the diameter can change from 1.1 to 8 mm; everything else either hardly increases or increases in diameter by no more than 2-3 times

A seller at the market sells a hat that costs 10 rubles. A buyer comes up and wants to buy it, but he only has 25 rubles. The seller sends the boy away with these 25 rubles. change it to a neighbor. The boy comes running and gives 10 + 10 +5 rubles. The seller gives the hat and change 15 rubles, and 10 rubles. keeps it for himself. After some time, a neighbor comes and says that 25 rubles. fake, demands to give her money. The seller returns her money. How much money was the seller defrauded of?

The seller was deceived for a counterfeit 25 rubles.

How many animals did Moses take on his ark?

It was not Moses who took the animals into the ark, but Noah.

2 people entered the entrance at the same time. One has an apartment on the 3rd floor, the other on the 9th. How many times will the first person get there faster than the second? Note: They simultaneously pressed buttons on 2 elevators moving at the same speed.

The usual answer is 3 times. Correct answer: 4 times. Elevators usually go from the 1st floor. The first one will travel 3-1=2 floors, and the second 9-1=8 floors, i.e. 4 times more

This riddle is often offered to children. But sometimes adults can rack their brains for a long time to figure out how to solve such a problem, so you can organize a competition: invite everyone to try to solve the problem. Whoever guesses it, regardless of age, deserves a prize. Here's the task:

6589 = 4; 5893 = 3; 1236 = 1; 1234 = 0; 0000 = 4; 5794 = 1; 1111 = 0; 4444 = 0; 7268 = 3; 1679 = 2; 3697 = 2

2793 = 1; 4895 = 3

The main thing is to look at the problem like a child, then you will understand that the answer is 3 (three circles in the writing of numbers)

Two horsemen competed to see whose horse would reach the finish line last. However, things did not go well, both stood still. Then they turned to the sage for advice, and after that they both rode at full speed.

The sage advised the horsemen to exchange horses

One student tells another: “Yesterday our college basketball team won the basketball game with a score of 76:40. At the same time, not a single basketball player scored a single goal in this match.”

Women's teams played

A man walks into a store, buys sausage and asks to cut it, not across, but lengthwise. The saleswoman asks: “Are you a fireman?” - "Yes". How did she guess?

The man was in uniform

The lady did not have a driver's license with her. She did not stop at the railroad crossing, although the barrier was down, then, not paying attention to the “brick,” she moved along a one-way street against the traffic and stopped only after passing three blocks. All this happened in front of a traffic police officer, who for some reason did not consider it necessary to intervene.

The lady was walking

On one Odessa street there were three tailoring workshops. The first tailor advertised himself as follows: “The best workshop in Odessa!” The second is “The best workshop in the world!” The third “outdid” them both.

“The best workshop on this street!”

Two brothers were drinking at a bar. Suddenly, one of them began to argue with the bartender, and then pulled out a knife and, not paying attention to his brother’s attempts to stop him, hit the bartender. At his trial he was found guilty of murder. At the end of the trial, the judge said: “You have been found guilty of murder, but I have no choice but to let you go.” Why did the judge have to do this?

The culprit was one of the conjoined twins. The judge could not send a guilty person to prison without putting an innocent person there as well.

We were traveling in the same compartment: Baba Yaga, Zmey Gorynych, a stupid ensign and a smart ensign. There was a bottle of beer on the table. The train entered the tunnel and it became dark. When the train came out of the tunnel, the bottle was empty. Who drank the beer?

The stupid ensign drank the beer, since the other creatures are unreal and do not occur in life!)

Preschoolers solve this problem in 5-10 minutes. Some programmers take up to an hour to complete it. But many people, after writing several sheets of paper, give up.

It usually takes a six-year-old child no more than 20 seconds to solve this problem. But it often confuses unprepared adults. So what number is hidden under the car?

A genius finds a solution in 10 seconds. Bill Gates - in 20 seconds. Harvard University graduate - in 40 seconds. If you found the answer in 2 minutes, then you belong to the 15% of most gifted people. 75% of people are unable to solve this problem.

The autocratic ruler of one island wanted to prevent aliens from settling on the island. Wanting to maintain the appearance of justice, he issued an order according to which anyone wishing to settle on the island must, after thinking carefully, make any statement, and after a preliminary warning that his life depended on the content of this statement. The order read: “If the alien tells the truth, he will be shot. If he tells a lie, he will be hanged." Can an alien become an island resident?

According to the agreement, the procedure for approving a new project in the development of which institutions A, B, and C participate is as follows: if A and B take part in the approval first, then institution B must also participate. If approval occurs first in institutions B and C, Institution A also joins. The question is: are such cases possible when approving a project when only institutions A and B would take part in it, while the participation of institution B would not be necessary (while maintaining the agreement on the procedure for approving projects)?

There are two tribes living on the island: well done. Those who always tell the truth, and liars who always lie. The traveler met the islander, asked him who he was, and when he heard that he was from a tribe of fellows, he hired him as a guide. They went and saw another islander in the distance, and the traveler sent his guide to ask him to what tribe he belonged. The guide returned and said that he claimed to be from a tribe of fellows. The question is: was the guide a good guy or a liar?

Three people stand before the court, each of whom can be either an aborigine or an alien. The judge knows that natives always answer questions truthfully, but aliens always lie. However, the judge does not know which of them is a native and which is an alien. He asks the first one, but does not understand his answer. Therefore, he asks first the second and then the third about what the first answered. The second one says that the first one said he was an Aborigine. The third says that the first called himself an alien. Who were the second and third defendants?

The beetle went on a journey. He crawls along a tape, the length of which is 90 centimeters. At the other end of the ribbon, two centimeters from the end, is a flower. How many centimeters will the beetle have to crawl to the flower: 88 or 92 (provided that it crawls all the time on one side and only at the end can it cross the end of the tape to the other side)?

Marina spent a long time choosing which jug to buy. Finally I chose. The saleswoman put the purchase in a box. What did Marina buy? How many jugs did the saleswoman put on the shelves, which ones they were on before?

The tourist was walking towards the lake. He reached a crossroads, from where one road led to the right and the other to the left; one went to the lake, the other did not. There were two guys sitting at a crossroads, one of them always told the truth, the other always lied. Both of them answered any question with either “yes” or “no”. The tourist knew all this, but he did not know which of them was telling the truth and which was lying; he also did not know which road led to the lake. The tourist asked only one question to one of the guys. What kind of question was it, since he knew from the answer which road led to the lake?

During the break there were nine students left in the class. One of them broke the window. The following answers were received to the teacher's question:

What team?

Project approval procedure

An evening walk

7 buttons

Make a table In the Moscow semi-final of the European Basketball Championship, held in, the places were distributed as follows: USSR - 14 points, Italy and Czechoslovakia - 12 each, Israel - 11, Finland - 10, East Germany and Romania - 9 each, and Hungary - 7 points. According to the regulations. Each team received 2 points for a win, 1 point for a loss, and 0 points for a no-show. No draws were allowed. Compose pivot table game results, if it is known that the Finnish team won against the Italian team and lost to the Romanian team.

On Tuesday at about 10 o'clock in the morning a stranger burst into Inspector Warnicke's room. He was extremely excited. His hands were shaking, his tousled hair stuck out in all directions. A few minutes later, having lit a cigarette and calmed down, the visitor began his story: - This morning I returned from vacation. I had to shake on the train all night. I didn’t get enough sleep and, when I came home, I decided to lie down on the sofa. Due to fatigue, I did not immediately notice that the piano had disappeared from the room, and the coffee table and armchair had been moved out of place. On this piece of paper I drew a plan for the arrangement of furniture in the room before I left. “Here’s what, dear,” said Inspector Warnicke, quickly glancing at the drawing, “First of all, it’s absolutely clear to me that you didn’t have a piano at all.” Now let's find out why you needed this lie. Why did Inspector Warnicke doubt the veracity of the visitor's story?

LOGIC PROBLEMS

Logic problems , just like mathematics, is called “mental gymnastics.” But, unlike mathematics, logic problems is an entertaining gymnastics that allows you to test and train your thought processes in a fun way, sometimes from an unexpected perspective. Solving them requires intelligence, sometimes intuition, but not special knowledge. Solving logic problems consists in thoroughly analyzing the conditions of the problem, unraveling the tangle of contradictory connections between characters or objects. Logic problems for children- these are, as a rule, whole stories with popular actors, in which you just need to get used to, feel the situation, visualize it and grasp the connections.

Even the most complex tasks on logic do not contain numbers, vectors, functions. But a mathematical way of thinking is necessary here: the main thing is to comprehend and understand the condition logical problem. The most obvious solution on the surface is not always the right one. But most often, solving a logic problem turns out to be much simpler than it seems at first glance, despite the confusing condition.

Interesting logic problems for children in a variety of subjects - mathematics, physics, biology - arouse their increased interest in these academic disciplines and help them in their meaningful study. Logic problems for weighing, transfusion, non-standard tasks logical thinking will help in Everyday life solve everyday problems in a non-standard way.

In the process of solving logic problems you will meet mathematical logic- a separate science, otherwise called “mathematics without formulas.” Logic as a science was created by Aristotle, who was not a mathematician, but a philosopher. And logic was originally part of philosophy, one of the methods of reasoning. In his work “Analytics,” Aristotle created 20 patterns of reasoning, which he called syllogisms. One of his most famous syllogisms is: “Socrates is a man; all people are mortal; So Socrates is mortal." Logic (from ancient Greek. Λογική - speech, reasoning, thought) is the science of correct thinking, or, in other words, the “art of reasoning.”

There are certain techniques solving logical problems:

way of reasoning, with the help of which the simplest logical problems are solved. This method is considered the most trivial. During the solution, reasoning is used that consistently takes into account all the conditions of the problem, which gradually lead to a conclusion and the correct answer.

table method, used in solving text logic problems. As the name suggests, solving logical problems involves constructing tables that allow you to visualize the conditions of the problem, control the reasoning process, and help you draw correct logical conclusions.

graph method consists of brute force possible options development of events and the final choice of the only correct decision.

flowchart method- a method widely used in programming and solving logical transfusion problems. It consists in the fact that first operations (commands) are allocated in the form of blocks, then the sequence of execution of these commands is established. This is a flowchart, which is essentially a program, the execution of which leads to the solution of the task.

billiards method follows from trajectory theory (one of the branches of probability theory). To solve the problem, you need to draw a billiard table and interpret the actions by the movements of the billiard ball along different trajectories. In this case, it is necessary to keep records of possible results in a separate table.

Each of these methods is applicable to solving logical problems from different areas. These seemingly complex and scientific techniques can be used in solving logic problems for grades 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9.

We present you a wide variety logic problems for grades 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. We have selected for you the most interesting logic problems with answers, which will be of interest not only to children, but also to parents.

• choose for the child logic problems in accordance with his age and development
• take your time to reveal the answer, let the child find it himself logical solution tasks. Let him get there on his own the right decision and you will see what pleasure and feeling of delight he will have when his answer coincides with the given one.
• in progress solving logic problems Leading questions and indirect clues indicating the direction of reflection are acceptable.

Using our selection logic problems with answers you will really learn to solve logical problems, expand your horizons and significantly develop logical thinking. Go for it!!!

Solving logical problems - the first step towards child development.

E. Davydova

Logic is the art of arriving to an unpredictable conclusion.

Samuel Johnson

Without logic it is almost impossible to enter our world brilliant discoveries of intuition.

Kirill Fandeev

A person who thinks logically stands out nicely against the backdrop of the real world.

American saying

Logic is the morality of thought and speech.

Jan Lukasiewicz