Art and spiritual life. Art of task

Based on the creative reproduction of the surrounding world in artistic images. In addition, in a broad sense, art can mean the highest level of skill in any field of activity, even not directly related to creativity (for example, in cooking, construction, martial arts, sports, etc.).

Object(or subject) art is the world in general and man in particular, and the form of existence is piece of art as a result creative activity. Piece of art - highest form result of creativity.

Purposes of art:

distribution of spiritual benefits;
author's self-expression.

Functions of art.

Cognitive. Art acts as a source of information about the world or a person.
Educational. Art influences moral and ideological development individual.
Aesthetic. Reflects a person’s spiritual need for harmony and beauty. Forms the concept of beauty.
Hedonistic. Close to the aesthetic function, but does not form the concept of aesthetics, but provides the opportunity for aesthetic pleasure.
Prognostic. The function of trying to predict the future.
Compensatory. Serves to restore psychological balance; often used by psychologists and psychotherapists (fans of the program “Dom-2” by watching it compensate for the lack of their own personal life and emotions; although I would not classify this show as art).
Social. It can simply provide communication between people (communicative), or it can call for something (propaganda).
Entertaining(for example, popular culture).

Kinds of art.

Kinds of art are different - it all depends on what criterion to classify them by. The generally accepted classification considers three types of art.

art:
- static (sculpture, painting, photography, decorative, etc.);
- dynamic (for example, silent films, pantomime).

Expressive arts(or non-figurative):
- static (architecture and literature);
- dynamic (music, dance art, choreography).
Spectacular art (theater, cinema, opera, circus).

According to the degree of application in Everyday life art can be:

applied (decorative and applied);
graceful (music).

By creation time:

traditional (sculpture, literature);
new (cinema, television, photography).

According to the time-space relationship:

spatial (architecture);
temporary (music);
spatiotemporal (cinema, theater).

By the number of components used:

simple (music, sculpture);
complex (also synthetic: cinema, theater).

There are many classifications, and the definition and role of art is still a cause for constant debate and discussion. The main thing is different. Art can destroy human psyche or to treat, corrupt or educate, oppress or give impetus to development. The task of human society is to develop and encourage precisely the “light” types of art.

People have been creative for a long time. Painting, music, theater and other forms of art have developed over time. Let's find out the reasons for its appearance, purpose and features in modern society.

Art concept

Art is understood as human activity aimed at reflecting reality through images. It is characterized by clarity and special ways of reflecting reality, for example, color, word or sound.

Functions of art

The significance of art for a person is determined by the presence of a number of functions.
These include:

aesthetic (a person gets pleasure from doing art);
cognitive (works of art can provide valuable information about the character of the creator, the historical era);
communicative (communication in the process of creating works between creators or between the creator and viewers);
value-oriented (works of art are valuable to society, they can influence a person’s views and shape spiritual culture);
educational (a person, by creating his own or observing the works of other people, forms his own worldview, gets acquainted with the historical era).

Types of art

Man has created various types of art, genres of creativity. In order to visualize them, we create various classifications:

by material (sound, paint, clay);
by directions (real - music, architecture, painting, ideal - poetry, literature);
by groups of people to whom it applies (elite, popular, mass).

Elite art is created and exists for small groups of people. It is distinguished by the complexity of its forms. Folk art expressed in simple forms understandable to most people, often does not have an author, expresses the peculiarities of the culture of the people. Mass art appeared during the period of industrial development of society. It was created not by the people, but for them. His goal was to relieve fatigue and tension. Its features are uncomplicatedness, simplicity and distribution to large groups of people.

Features of contemporary art

In modern society, art is expressed in the most different forms and is not subject to any strict laws.

Examples of modern art are painting on dirty car windows, building walls, and asphalt. Such drawings are distinguished by their special imagery, brightness, and realism.

the origins of modern art date back to the second half of the 20th century;
He was greatly influenced by the rapid development of technology (photography, the Internet).

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What have we learned?

Having studied the topic in social studies for grades 9-10, we learned that art has always played big role in society. It has its own characteristics, varieties and functions. In modern society, art has not lost its significance; on the contrary, it has acquired new interesting forms with the help of which artists, sculptors, and musicians reflect their attitude to the reality around them.

Art– reflection of the surrounding world in artistic images. With the help of art, an artist or sculptor conveys his ideas and experiences.

Piece of art– man, his interaction with the outside world and society. Piece of art- a work of art that not only reflects the thoughts and emotions of the author, but is also capable of evoking these experiences in the audience. Features of art: imagery, creative character, subjective perception, sensory-emotional experience.

Functions of art: aesthetic (forms aesthetic taste, understanding of beauty), communicative (as a means of communication), educational, cognitive.

History of art. First traces primitive art as rock art belongs to the Paleolithic era (20–40 thousand years BC). IN ancient world art has reached high level(architecture, sculpture, poetry, theater). The mythological principle predominated in it, i.e. the main prototypes were mythological deities, active heroes were glorified, and the unity of people in society was demonstrated.

In the Middle Ages, art developed within the framework of theology (religion), at this time monumental churches were built, icon painting and fresco art became widespread. The hero of medieval art is humble and passive. During the Renaissance (New Time), masters sought to return to ancient motifs and canons in architecture, painting, sculpture, poetry, and theater. The individuality of people and the priority of the individual over society were proclaimed. IN contemporary art, beginning with late XIX century, many new types of art appeared (film and photography).

Kinds of art:

Architecture (architecture) is an art that represents buildings (urban architecture) and related structures (landscape architecture);

Sculpture is an art whose works have three dimensional shape and are made from hard or plastic materials by cutting, chiseling, molding, casting and forging;

Frescoes are one of the wall painting techniques (painting on wet plaster);

Painting – images using color (portraits, still lifes, landscapes, historical and everyday genres);

Decorative and applied arts are associated with everyday needs (for example, making dishes, furniture);

Literature is a type of art expressed in verbal and written form (myths, epics, poetry, prose);

Music is a reflection of reality in sounds (vocal - singing and instrumental - performed on instruments);

Theater (opera and ballet) is an art form expressed in the stage performance of an actor in front of an audience;

Film and photography is an art that recreates real or staged actions using photography. material media(photos, films, etc.).

Assignments on the topic “Art”.

FORM OF WORLD EXPLORATION

CHARACTERISTIC

____________________

Answer: ______________________.

1) only A is true 3) both judgments are true

2) only B is true 4) both judgments are incorrect

Answer: ______________________.

SIGNS

INDUSTRIES OF CULTURE

A) imagery

B) logical integrity

IN) artistic language

D) validity

2) art

Answer: ______________________.

FUNCTIONS OF ART

CHARACTERISTIC

Socializing

Answer: ______________________.

FORMS OF CULTURE

1) art

Answer: ______________________.

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Answer: ________________________.

Answers to assignments on the topic “Art”.

1. Are the following judgments about art true?

A. Art differs from other forms of spiritual activity in that it reflects the world figuratively.

B. Art always solves the fundamental problems of human existence.

1) only A is true 3) both judgments are true

2) only B is true 4) both judgments are incorrect

Answer: 1.

2. Write down the word missing in the table.

FORM OF WORLD EXPLORATION

CHARACTERISTIC

Mastering worldviews based on belief in the supernatural

____________________

Mastery and implementation aesthetic values, exploration of the world in images

Answer: Art.

3. Are the following judgments about art true?

A. The main task of art is to faithfully represent the world.

B. The main thing for art is to avoid the subjectivity of the images created.

1) only A is true 3) both judgments are true

2) only B is true 4) both judgments are incorrect

Answer: 4.

4. Find a concept that is generalizing for all other concepts in the series presented below, and write down the number under which it is indicated.

1) music; 2) art; 3) theater; 4) literature; 5) cinema; 6) opera; 7) architecture.

Answer: 2.

5. Does not apply to art forms

1) music 2) theater 3) aesthetics 4) painting

Answer: 3.

6. Below is a list of signs. All of them, with the exception of two, relate to art. Find two signs that “fall out” from the general series and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

1) creativity; 2) imagery; 3) subjectivity; 4) evidence; 5) emotionality; 6) logical harmony.

Answer: 46.

7. Establish a correspondence between branches of culture and the characteristics that are characteristic of works created within these industries.

SIGNS

INDUSTRIES OF CULTURE

A) imagery

B) logical integrity

B) artistic language

D) sensory-emotional reflection of the world

D) validity

2) art

Answer: 21221.

8. Choose the correct judgments about art and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

1) Art is designed to have an emotional impact on people.

2) Art strives for objective reflection reality.

3) Art reflects the world in terms and concepts.

4) Art reflects the world around us and people in artistic images.

5) Art always solves fundamental issues.

Answer: 14.

9. Write down the word missing in the table.

FUNCTIONS OF ART

CHARACTERISTIC

Obtaining knowledge and information about the world around us with the help of an artistic image

Socializing

Influences the formation of a person’s personality, his value system, the nature of communication with other people

Answer: Cognitive.

10. Establish a correspondence between the forms of culture and the tasks that they solve in the spiritual sphere of society.

FORMS OF CULTURE

A) obtaining reliable results about the world around us and their systematization

B) formation of an artistic image of an object

C) the formation of subjective perception of the surrounding world

D) formation of concepts, definitions

D) creation of ideal objects for theoretical substantiation of hypotheses

1) art

Answer: 21122.

11. What meaning do social scientists give to the concept of “art”? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, compose two sentences: one sentence containing information about the criteria for identifying types of art, and one sentence revealing the difference between art and science.

1) the meaning of the concept: “Art is a form human activity, aimed at creating and mastering aesthetic values ( artistic creativity);

2) “Depending on the means and methods by which the image is created, the different types arts – painting, architecture, literature, music.”

“The most important feature of art is that, unlike science, it reflects reality not in concepts, but in artistic images.”

12. Art is a significant part of spiritual culture for society and its development and has an impact on all areas public life. List any three functions performed by art and illustrate each with a specific example.

1) worldview: art is a way and form of understanding the world by aesthetic means (for example, the paintings of I. Levitan help to understand the beauty of Russian nature, the mentality of Russian people);

2) compensatory (comforting): people through art find consolation, psychological comfort, support (for example, the poetry of I. Brodsky helped a woman gain self-confidence and find answers to life’s questions);

3) communicative: works of art help people communicate, find common interests (for example, visiting an exhibition modern painting, the young man found new friends and like-minded people);

4) educational: art instills aesthetic feelings, forms a culture of behavior (for example, reading books, visiting art galleries, music concerts, the young man gained a sense of beauty, mastered ways of behavior in society).

13. Make a complex plan for a detailed answer on the topic “Art as a special form of spiritual culture.”

1) Art is a way of understanding the world through artistic images.

2) Characteristic features of art:

Irrationalism

Symbolism

Subjectivism

Imagery and visibility

3) Functions of art:

Hedonistic

Compensatory

Communicative

Aesthetic

Educational

Cognitive

4) Types of art:

Literature

Painting

Cinema, etc.

5) Universal and national in the development of art.

14. Read the text below, in which a number of words are missing. Select from the list provided the words that need to be inserted in place of the gaps.

“Art is a special form of spiritual ________ (A) person and ______(B), manifested in various types- painting, architecture, sculpture, literature, music, dance, theater or film productions, decorative and applied arts, etc. Art is the most important way of ________ (B) understanding the world. It is based on reflection and ______(G) in artistic images. Artistic images in art they are created by various _______(D). So, in literature artistic display in reality occurs with the help of __________(E), in painting - through visual images, in sculpture and architecture - through volume-spatial forms, in music - through sound forms."

The words in the list are given in the nominative case. Each word (phrase) can be used only once. Choose one word after another, mentally filling in each gap. Please note that there are more words in the list than you will need to fill in the blanks.

1) aesthetic; 2) activity; 3) funds; 4) public relations; 5) artistic creativity; 6) society; 7) transformation of reality; 8) morality; 9) word.