The Soviet man was free. today's man is a slave

A slave who is satisfied with his position is doubly a slave, because not only his body is in slavery, but also his soul. (E. Burke)

Man is a slave because freedom is difficult and slavery is easy. (N. Berdyaev)

Slavery can degrade people to the point of loving it. (L. Vauvenargues)

Slaves always manage to have their own slave. (Ethel Lilian Voynich)

He who fears others is a slave, although he does not notice it. (Antisthenes)

Slaves and tyrants fear each other. (E. Beauchaine)

The only way to make a people virtuous is to give them freedom; slavery gives rise to all vices, true freedom purifies the soul. (P. Buast)

Only the slave restores the fallen crown. (D. Gibran)

Voluntary slaves produce more tyrants than tyrants produce slaves. (O. Mirabeau)

Violence created the first slaves, cowardice perpetuated them. (J.J. Rousseau)

There is no slavery more shameful than voluntary slavery. (Seneca)

And as long as people feel like they are only a part, not noticing the whole, they will give themselves into complete slavery.

Anyone who is not afraid to look death in the face cannot be a slave. He who is afraid cannot be a warrior. (Olga Brileva)

The slave owner is himself a slave, worse than the helots! (Ivan Efremov)

Is this really our miserable lot: To be slaves to our lustful bodies? After all, not a single one living in the world has yet. He was unable to quench his desires. (Omar Khayyam)

The government spits on us, don’t talk about politics and religion - all this is enemy propaganda! Wars, disasters, murders - all this horror! The media puts on a sad face, characterizing this as a great human tragedy, but we know that the media does not pursue the goal of destroying the evil of the world - no! Her task is to convince us to accept this evil, to adapt to living in it! The authorities want us to be passive observers! They left us no chance, except for a rare, absolutely symbolic general vote - choose the doll on the left or the doll on the right! (Author unknown)

Anyone who can be made a slave is not worth freedom. (Maria Semyonova)

Slavery is the greatest of all misfortunes. (Marcus Tullius Cicero)

It is disgusting to be under the yoke - even in the name of freedom. (Karl Marx)

A people who enslaves another people forges their own chains. (Karl Marx)

...There is nothing more terrible, more humiliating, than to be the slave of a slave. (Karl Marx)

Animals have that noble peculiarity that a lion never, out of cowardice, becomes the slave of another lion, and a horse never becomes the slave of another horse. (Michel de Montaigne)

In truth, prostitution is another form of slavery. Based on unhappiness, need, addiction to alcohol or drugs. A woman's dependence on a man. (Janusz Leon Wisniewski, Małgorzata Domagalik)

There is no slavery more hopeless than the slavery of those slaves who consider themselves free from shackles. (Johann Wolfgang von Goethe)

Almost all people are slaves, and this is explained by the same reason that the Spartans explained the humiliation of the Persians: they are unable to pronounce the word “no”... (Nicholas Chamfort)

The slave dreams not of freedom, but of his own slaves. (Boris Krutier)

In a totalitarian state, an all-powerful cohort of political bosses and an army of administrators subordinate to them will rule over a population consisting of slaves who do not need to be forced, because they love their slavery. (Aldous Huxley)

So, comrades, how does our life work? Let's face it. Poverty, overwork, untimely death - this is our lot. We are born, we receive just enough food so as not to die of hunger, and the draft animals are also exhausted with work until all the juices are squeezed out of them, and when we are no longer good for anything, we are killed with monstrous cruelty. There is no animal in England that would not say goodbye to leisure and joy of life as soon as it turns one year old. There is no animal in England that has not been enslaved. (George Orwell.)

Only a person who has overcome the slave within himself will know freedom. (Henry Miller)

This means that all the knowledge that scientists with respectable diplomas and impressive titles gave him, like priceless treasures, was just a prison. He humbly thanked him every time they extended his leash a little, which remained a leash. We can live without a leash. (Bernard Werber)

Power over oneself is the highest power, enslavement to one’s passions is the most terrible slavery. (Lucius Annaeus Seneca)

- This is how freedom dies - to thunderous applause... (Padmé Amidala, Star Wars)

Anyone who can be happy alone is a real person. If your happiness depends on others, then you are a slave, you are not free, you are in bondage. (Chandra Mohan Rajneesh)

You see, as soon as slavery is legalized anywhere, the lower rungs of the social ladder become terribly slippery... Once you start measuring human life in money, it turns out that this price can decrease penny by penny until there is nothing left at all. (Robin Hobb)

Better freedom in hell than slavery in heaven. (Anatole France)

People are rushing about, trying not to be late for work, many are chattering on their mobile phones as they go, gradually drawing their sleep-deprived brains into the morning bustle of the city. (Currently, mobile phones also serve as an additional alarm clock. If the first one wakes you up for work, the second one tells you that work has already begun.) Sometimes my imagination draws bales on the backs of slightly hunched figures, turning them into serf slaves who daily pay taxes to their masters in the form of their own health, feelings and emotions. The stupidest and most terrible thing about this is that they do all this of their own free will, in the absence of any enslaving serfdom. (Sergey Minaev)

Slavery is a prison of the soul. (Publius)

Habit also reconciles with slavery. (Pythagoras of Samos)

People themselves hold on to their slave share. (Lucius Annaeus Seneca)

It is wonderful to die - it is shameful to be a slave. (Publius Sirus)

Emancipation from slavery is a law of nations. (Justinian I)

God did not create slavery, but gave man freedom. (John Chrysostom)

Slavery degrades a person to the point that he begins to love his chains. (Luc de Clapier de Vauvenargues)

The greatest slavery is to consider yourself free without having freedom. (Johann Wolfgang von Goethe)

There is nothing more slavish than luxury and bliss, and nothing more royal than labor. (Alexander the Great)

Woe to the people if slavery could not humiliate them; such a people were created to be slaves. (Peter Yakovlevich Chaadaev)

Power over oneself is the highest power; Enslavement to one's passions is the most terrible slavery. (Lucius Annaeus Seneca)

You serve me slavishly, and then complain that I am not interested in you: who would be interested in a slave? (George Bernard Shaw)

Every man born into slavery is born into slavery; nothing could be truer than this. In chains, slaves lose everything, even the desire to be freed from them. (Jean-Jacques Rousseau)

Debt is the beginning of slavery, even worse than slavery, because the creditor is more inexorable than the slave owner: he owns not only your body, but also your dignity and can, on occasion, inflict grave insults on him. (Victor Marie Hugo)

Since people began to live together, freedom disappeared and slavery arose, for every law, limiting and narrowing the rights of one in favor of all, thereby encroaches on the freedom of an individual. (Raffaello Giovagnoli)

Servants who do not have a master do not become free people because of this - lackeyness is in their soul. (Heine Heinrich)

To become a free person... You need to squeeze the slave out of yourself drop by drop. (Chekhov Anton Pavlovich)

He who by nature belongs not to himself, but to another, and at the same time is still a man, is a slave. (Aristotle)

The dream of slaves: a market where you can buy yourself a master. (Stanislav Jerzy Lec)

At school we are taught that a slave is someone who is whipped to work, poorly fed, and can be killed at any moment. In the modern world, a slave is someone who does not even suspect that he, his family and all the people around him are slaves. The one who doesn’t even think about the fact that, in fact, he is completely powerless. That his masters, with the help of specially created laws, law enforcement agencies, public services and, above all, with the help of money, can force him to do whatever they need from him.

Modern slavery is not the slavery of the past. It's different. And it is not built on forceful coercion, but on a change in consciousness. When a proud and free person, under the influence of certain technologies, through the influence of ideology, the power of money, fear and cynical lies, becomes a mentally inferior, easily controlled, corrupt person.

What are the megacities of the planet like? They can be compared to giant concentration camps inhabited by mentally broken, absolutely powerless residents.

As sad as it is, slavery is still with us. Here, today and now. Some people don't notice this, others don't want it. Someone is trying very hard to keep everything that way.

Of course, there was never any talk about complete equality of people. This is physically impossible. Someone is born 2 meters tall with a gorgeous appearance, in a good family. And some are forced to fight for their survival from the cradle. People are different, and what separates them the most are the decisions they make. The topic of this article is: “The illusion of equal rights of people in the modern world.” The illusion of a free world without slavery, which for some reason everyone unanimously believes in.

Slavery is a system of society where a person (slave) is the property of another person (master) or the state.

In paragraph 4 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the UN expanded the concept of a slave to any person who cannot voluntarily refuse to work.

For thousands of years, humanity lived in a slave system. The dominant class of society forced the weaker class to work for them under inhumane conditions. And if the abandonment of slavery had not been an empty shake of the air, it would not have happened so quickly and practically throughout the world. Simply, those in power have come to the conclusion that they will be able to keep people in poverty, hunger and get all the necessary work for pennies. And so it happened.

The main families, the owners of the largest capital on the planet, have not gone away. They remained in the same dominant position and continued to profit from ordinary people. From 40% to 80% of people in any country in the world live below the poverty line not by their own free will or by accident. These people are not disabled, not mentally retarded, not lazy, and not criminals. But at the same time, they cannot afford to buy a car, real estate, or adequately defend their rights in court. Nothing! These people have to fight for their survival, working hard every day for ridiculous money. And this is even in countries with enormous natural resources and in peacetime! In countries where there is no problem of overpopulation or any natural disasters. What is this?

Let's return to paragraph 4 of the Declaration of Human Rights. Do these people have the opportunity to give up work, move, or try themselves in another business? Spend a couple of years changing your specialty? No!

From 40% to 80% of people in almost every country in the world are slaves. And the gap between rich and poor people is getting deeper and deeper, and no one even hides this fact. The ruling families, hand in hand with the bankers, create a system aimed only at enriching themselves. And ordinary people are left out of the game. Do you really think that real estate should cost that much in terms of the working hours of an ordinary person? I’m already silent about how many territories, in fact, stand idle in almost any country. And it’s not about the inflated price of real estate, it’s about the undervalued price of human life. We are worth nothing to our “masters”. We huddle in slums or concrete multi-story chicken coops. Then and with our own blood we earn enough for bread, clothes and 1 short semi-homeless holiday trip to the seaside per year. While the privileged classes of people (for example, bankers) draw any amount into their pockets with a simple stroke of the pen. Big capital dictates laws, fashion, and politics. Forms and destroys markets. What can an ordinary person oppose to a corporate machine? Nothing. If you have large capital, you can lobby your interests in the government and always win, regardless of the quality and nature of your activities. All these hopelessly flawed automobile factories, weapons factories, intermediaries in the raw materials industry, all these are feeding grounds for the elite. Which we serve together and fill for them.

Those in power send us to war, put us in cages for debt, limit the possibility of resettlement or the right to own weapons. Who are we if not slaves? And the saddest thing is that we ourselves are no less to blame for this than those who are now at the helm. They are to blame for their blindness and passivity.

Modern slavery takes sophisticated forms. This is the alienation of a people (community, population) from its natural resources and territories through unfair privatization (monopolization) of rights to generally useful territorial resources (miners, rivers and lakes, forests and lands. For example, laws protecting the monopoly ownership of huge resources of a community, people (population) ) territories, regions, countries, imposed by unscrupulous rulers (officials, “elected people”, representative power, legislative power) is such a form of alienation that allows one to argue about slave labor conditions and monopolies of the oligarchy; in essence, alienation and ownership schemes are implemented due to “defeat in rights" of part of the population and social groups. The concept of excess profits and inadequate remuneration for labor is a characteristic feature and a particular definition of slavery - loss of rights to use the natural resources of territories and alienation of a share of labor with inadequate payment. Such loss of rights by court decisions is used in raider takeovers , corruption schemes and in cases of fraud. For enslavement they use traditional debt schemes and lending at inflated interest rates. The main feature of slavery is a violation of the principle of fair distribution of resources, rights and powers, used to enrich one group at the expense of another group and dependent behavior with a loss of rights. Any form of inadequate application of benefits and inequality in the distribution of resources is a hidden (implicit, partial) form of slavery of certain groups of the population. None of the modern democracies (or other forms of self-organization of social life) are devoid of these remnants on the scale of entire states. A sign of such phenomena are entire institutions of society that are focused on combating such phenomena in the most extreme forms.

And the situation is only getting worse. Even if we assume that you are happy with your situation or can simply tolerate it. This system of enslavement needs to be stopped now, as it will be even harder for your children to do so.

Modern slaves are forced to work by the following hidden mechanisms:

1. Economic coercion of slaves to permanent work. A modern slave is forced to work non-stop until death, because... The funds earned by a slave in 1 month are enough to pay for housing for 1 month, food for 1 month and travel for 1 month. Since a modern slave always has enough money for only 1 month, a modern slave is forced to work all his life until death. The pension is also a big fiction, because... The pensioner slave pays his entire pension for housing and food, and the pensioner slave has no free money left.

2. The second mechanism of hidden coercion of slaves to work is the creation of artificial demand for pseudo-necessary goods, which are imposed on the slave with the help of TV advertising, PR, and the location of goods in certain areas of the store. The modern slave is involved in an endless race for “new products”, and for this he is forced to constantly work.

3. The third hidden mechanism of economic coercion of modern slaves is the credit system, with the “help” of which modern slaves are increasingly drawn into credit bondage, through the mechanism of “loan interest”. Every day a modern slave needs more and more, because... A modern slave, in order to pay off an interest-bearing loan, takes out a new loan without paying off the old one, creating a pyramid of debts. The debt that constantly hangs over the modern slave well stimulates the modern slave to work even for meager wages.

4. The fourth mechanism to force modern slaves to work for the hidden slave owner is the myth of the state. A modern slave believes that he is working for the state, but in fact the slave is working for a pseudo-state, because... The slave's money goes into the pockets of the slave owners, and the concept of the state is used to cloud the brains of the slaves, so that the slaves do not ask unnecessary questions like: why do slaves work all their lives and always remain poor? And why don't slaves have a share of the profits? And who exactly is the money paid by slaves in the form of taxes transferred to?

5. The fifth mechanism of hidden coercion of slaves is the mechanism of inflation. The rise in prices in the absence of an increase in the slave's wages ensures a hidden, unnoticeable robbery of slaves. Thus, the modern slave becomes more and more poor.

6. The sixth hidden mechanism to force a slave to work for free: deprive the slave of funds to move and buy real estate in another city or another country. This mechanism forces modern slaves to work at one city-forming enterprise and “endure” enslaving conditions, because... The slaves simply have no other conditions and the slaves have nothing and nowhere to escape.

7. The seventh mechanism that forces a slave to work for free is the concealment of information about the real cost of the slave’s labor, the real cost of the goods that the slave produced. And the share of the slave's salary, which the slave owner takes through the accounting accrual mechanism, taking advantage of the ignorance of the slaves and the lack of control of the slaves over the surplus value, which the slave owner takes for himself.

8. So that modern slaves do not demand their share of the profits, do not demand to give back what they earned from their fathers, grandfathers, great-grandfathers, great-great-grandfathers, etc. There is a silencing of the facts of plundering into the pockets of slave owners of resources that were created by numerous generations of slaves over a thousand-year history.

6. Man’s slavery to himself and the seduction of individualism

The last truth about the slavery of man is that man is a slave to himself. He falls into slavery to the object world, but this is slavery to his own exteriorizations. Man is enslaved to various kinds of idols, but these are idols created by him. A person is always a slave to what is, as it were, outside him, what is alienated from him, but the source of slavery is internal. The struggle between freedom and slavery plays out in the external, objectified, exteriorized world. But from an existential point of view, this is an internal spiritual struggle. This follows from the fact that man is a microcosm. In the universal, contained in the individual, there is a struggle between freedom and slavery, and this struggle is projected in the objective world. Man’s slavery lies not only in the fact that an external force enslaves him, but even deeper, in the fact that he agrees to be a slave, that he slavishly accepts the action of the force that enslaves him. Slavery is characterized as the social position of people in the objective world. So, for example, in a totalitarian state all people are slaves. But this is not the final truth of the phenomenology of slavery. It has already been said that slavery is, first of all, a structure of consciousness and a certain kind of objective structure of consciousness. “Consciousness” determines “being,” and only in a secondary process does “consciousness” fall into slavery to “being.” Slave society is a product of human internal slavery. A person lives in the grip of an illusion that is so strong that it appears to be normal consciousness. This illusion is expressed in the ordinary consciousness that a person is in slavery to an external force, while he is in slavery to himself. The illusion of consciousness is different from the one exposed by Marx and Freud. A person slavishly determines his attitude towards the “not-I”, first of all, because he slavishly determines his attitude towards the “I”. This does not at all entail that slave social philosophy, according to which a person must endure external social slavery and only free himself internally. This is a completely false understanding of the relationship between “internal” and “external”. Internal liberation certainly requires external liberation, the destruction of slavish dependence on social tyranny. A free person cannot tolerate social slavery, but he remains free in spirit even if he is unable to defeat external, social slavery. This is a struggle that can be very difficult and lengthy. Freedom presupposes overcoming resistance.

Egocentrism is the original sin of man, a violation of the true relationship between “I” and his other, God, the world with people, between the individual and the universe. Egocentrism is an illusory, perverted universalism. It gives a false perspective on the world and on every reality in the world, there is a loss of the ability to truly perceive realities. The egocentric is in the power of objectification, which he wants to turn into an instrument of self-affirmation, and this is the most dependent creature, in eternal slavery. Here lies the greatest secret of human existence. Man is a slave of the external world around him, because he is a slave of himself, of his egocentrism. A person slavishly submits to external slavery emanating from an object, precisely because he egocentrically asserts himself. Egocentric people are usually conformists. He who is a slave to himself loses himself. Slavery is the opposite of personality, but egocentrism is the disintegration of personality. Man's slavery to himself is not only slavery to his lower, animal nature. This is a gross form of egocentrism. A person can also be a slave to his sublime nature, and this is much more important and troubling. A person is a slave to his refined “I”, which is very far removed from the “I” of the animal; he is a slave to his higher ideas, higher feelings, his talents. A person may not notice at all, not realize that he is turning the highest values ​​into an instrument of egocentric self-affirmation. Fanaticism is precisely this kind of egocentric self-affirmation. Books on the spiritual life tell us that humility can turn into the greatest pride. There is nothing more hopeless than the pride of the humble. The type of Pharisee is a type of person whose devotion to the law of goodness and purity, to a sublime idea has turned into egocentric self-affirmation and self-satisfaction. Even holiness can turn into a form of egocentrism and self-assertion and become false holiness. Exalted ideal egocentrism is always idolatry and a false attitude towards ideas, replacing the attitude towards the living God. All forms of egocentrism, from the lowest to the most sublime, always mean slavery of man, slavery of man to himself, and through this slavery of the surrounding world. The egocentric is a being enslaved and enslaving. There is an enslaving dialectic of ideas in human existence; this is an existential dialectic, not a logical one. There is nothing worse than a person obsessed with false ideas and asserting himself on the basis of these ideas; he is a tyrant of himself and other people. This tyranny of ideas can become the basis of the state and social order. Religious, national, social ideas can play such a role as enslavers, equally reactionary and revolutionary ideas. In a strange way, ideas come to the service of egocentric instincts, and egocentric instincts are given to the service of ideas that trample a person. And slavery, internal and external, always triumphs. The egocentric always falls into the power of objectification. An egocentric person who views the world as his means is always thrown into the outside world and depends on it. But most often, man’s slavery to himself takes the form of the seduction of individualism.

Individualism is a complex phenomenon that cannot be simply assessed. Individualism can have both positive and negative meanings. Individualism is often called personalism due to terminological inaccuracy. A person is called an individualist by character either because he is independent, original, free in his judgments, does not mix with the environment and rises above it, or because he is isolated in himself, incapable of communication, despises people, and is self-centered. But in the strict sense of the word, individualism comes from the word “individual”, not “person”. Affirmation of the supreme value of the individual, protection of his freedom and right to realize life's opportunities, his desire for completeness is not individualism. Enough has been said about the difference between the individual and the personality. Ibsen’s “Peer Gynt” reveals the brilliant existential dialectic of individualism. Ibsen poses the problem of what does it mean to be oneself, to be true to oneself? Peer Gynt wanted to be himself, to be an original individual, and he completely lost and ruined his personality. He was precisely a slave to himself. The aestheticizing individualism of the cultural elite, which is revealed in the modern novel, is the disintegration of personality, the disintegration of the integral personality into broken states and the slavery of man to these broken states. Personality is internal integrity and unity, mastery of oneself, victory over slavery. The disintegration of personality is a disintegration into separate self-affirming intellectual, emotional, sensual elements. The human heart center is decomposing. Only the spiritual principle maintains the unity of mental life and creates personality. A person falls into the most diverse forms of slavery, when he can oppose the enslaving force only torn elements, and not to a whole personality. The internal source of human slavery is associated with the autonomy of the torn parts of a person, with the loss of the internal center. A person torn into pieces easily succumbs to the affect of fear, and fear is what most of all keeps a person in slavery. Fear is overcome by a holistic, centralized personality, an intense experience of the dignity of the individual; it cannot be overcome by the intellectual, emotional, sensual elements of a person. Personality is a whole, but the objectified world opposing it is partial. But only an integral personality, an image of a higher being, can recognize oneself as a whole, opposing the objectified world on all sides. Man’s slavery to himself, which makes him a slave to the “not-I,” always means tornness and fragmentation. Any obsession, whether with a low passion or a high idea, means the loss of a person’s spiritual center. The old atomistic theory of mental life, which derives the unity of the mental process from a special kind of mental chemistry, is false. The unity of the mental process is relative and easily overturned. The active spiritual principle synthesizes and leads to unity of the soul process. This is the development of personality. Of central importance is not the idea of ​​the soul, but the idea of ​​a whole person, embracing the spiritual, mental and physical principles. A tense vital process can destroy the personality. The will to power is dangerous not only for those at whom it is directed, but also for the subject of this will itself; it acts destructively and enslaves the person who has allowed himself to be possessed by the will to power. For Nietzsche, truth is created by a vital process, the will to power. But this is the most anti-personalistic point of view. The will to power makes it impossible to know the truth. Truth does not provide any services to those striving for power, that is, for enslavement. In the will to power, centrifugal forces act in man; the inability to control oneself and resist the power of the objective world is revealed. Slavery to oneself and slavery to the objective world are one and the same slavery. The desire for dominance, for power, for success, for glory, for the enjoyment of life is always slavery, a slave attitude towards oneself and a slave attitude towards the world, which has become an object of desire, lust. The lust for power is a slave instinct.

One of the human illusions is the belief that individualism is the opposition of the individual person and his freedom to the surrounding world, which always seeks to rape him. In reality, individualism is objectification and is associated with the exteriorization of human existence. It is very hidden and not immediately visible. The individual is part of society, part of the race, part of the world. Individualism is the isolation of a part from the whole or the revolt of a part against the whole. But to be a part of any whole, even if it rebels against this whole, means to already be exteriorized. Only in the world of objectification, that is, in the world of alienation, impersonality and determinism, does that relationship of part and whole exist that is found in individualism. The individualist isolates himself and asserts himself in relation to the universe; he perceives the universe exclusively as violence against him. In a certain sense, individualism is the reverse side of collectivism. The refined individualism of modern times, which, however, became very old, individualism coming from Petrarch and the Renaissance, was an escape from the world and society to oneself, to one’s own soul, into lyrics, poetry, music. The mental life of a person was greatly enriched, but processes of personality dissociation were also being prepared. Personalism means something completely different. The personality includes the universe, but this inclusion of the universe occurs not in terms of objectivity, but in terms of subjectivity, i.e. existentiality. The personality recognizes itself as rooted in the kingdom of freedom, that is, in the kingdom of the spirit, and from there it draws its strength for struggle and activity. This is what it means to be an individual, to be free. The individualist, in essence, is rooted in the objectified world, social and natural, and with this rootedness he wants to isolate himself and oppose himself to the world to which he belongs. An individualist is, in essence, a socialized person, but he experiences this socialization as violence, suffers from it, isolates himself and powerlessly rebels. This is the paradox of individualism. For example, false individualism is found in a liberal social order. In this system, which was in fact a capitalist system, the individual was crushed by the play of economic forces and interests, he was crushed himself and crushed others. Personalism has a communitarian tendency and wants to establish fraternal relations between people. Individualism in social life establishes wolfish relationships between people. It is remarkable that great creative people were never essentially individualists. They were lonely and unrecognized, in acute conflict with the environment, with established collective opinions and judgments. But they were always aware of their calling to serve; they had a universal mission. There is nothing more false than the consciousness of one's gift, one's genius, as a privilege and as a justification for individualistic isolation. There are two different types of loneliness - the loneliness of a creative person experiencing a conflict between internal universalism and objectified universalism, and the loneliness of an individualist who opposes this objectified universalism, to which he, in essence, belongs, with his emptiness and powerlessness. There is the loneliness of inner fullness and the loneliness of inner emptiness. There is the loneliness of heroism and the loneliness of defeat, loneliness as strength and loneliness as powerlessness. Loneliness, which finds only passive aesthetic consolation, usually belongs to the second type. Leo Tolstoy felt very lonely, lonely even among his followers, but he belonged to the first type. All prophetic loneliness belongs to the first type. It is striking that the loneliness and alienation characteristic of the individualist usually lead to submission to false communities. An individualist very easily becomes a conformist and submits to an alien world, to which he cannot oppose anything. Examples of this are given in revolutions and counter-revolutions, in totalitarian states. The individualist is a slave to himself, he is seduced by slavery to his own “I”, and therefore he cannot resist the slavery that comes from the “not-I”. Personality is liberation from both the slavery of the “I” and the slavery of the “not-I”. A person is always a slave of the “not-I” through the “I”, through the state in which the “I” is. The enslaving force of the object world can make a person a martyr, but cannot make him a conformist. Conformism, which is a form of slavery, always takes advantage of one or another temptations and instincts of a person, one or another enslavement to one’s own “I”.

Jung establishes two psychological types - interverted, turned inward, and extroverted, turned outward. This distinction is relative and conditional, like all classifications. In fact, the same person can have both interverted and extroverted. But now I am interested in another question. To what extent can intervertedness mean egocentrism, and extrovertedness mean alienation and exteriorization? Perverted, i.e., having lost personality, intervertedness is egocentrism, and perverted extrovertedness is alienation and exteriorization. But interversion in itself can mean going deeper into oneself, into the spiritual world that reveals itself in the depths, just as extroversion can mean creative activity aimed at the world and people. Extroversion can also mean throwing human existence outward and means objectification. This objectification is created by a certain orientation of the subject. It is remarkable that human slavery can equally be the result of the fact that a person is exclusively absorbed in his “I” and is focused on his states, not noticing the world and people, and the fact that a person is thrown exclusively outside, into the objectivity of the world and loses consciousness of his “I” . Both are the result of a gap between the subjective and the objective. The “objective” either completely absorbs and enslaves human subjectivity, or causes repulsion and disgust, isolating and enclosing human subjectivity. But such alienation, the exteriorization of the object in relation to the subject, is what I call objectification. Absorbed exclusively by its “I,” the subject is a slave, just as the slave is a subject thrown entirely into the object. In both cases, the personality is decomposing or has not yet been formed. At the primary stages of civilization, the subject’s ejection into an object, into a social group, into an environment, into a clan prevails; at the heights of civilizations, the subject’s preoccupation with his “I” prevails. But at the heights of civilization there is also a return to the primitive horde. A free personality is a rare flower of world life. The vast majority of people do not consist of personalities; the personality of this majority is either still in potency or is already decaying. Individualism does not mean at all that the personality rises, or it means this only due to the imprecise use of words. Individualism is a naturalistic philosophy, while personalism is a philosophy of spirit. The liberation of man from slavery to the world, from enslavement by external forces, is liberation from slavery to himself, to the enslaving forces of his “I”, i.e. i.e. from egocentrism. A person must at once be spiritually interverted, internalized and extroverted, reaching out to the world and people in creative activity.

3. Nature and freedom. Cosmic seduction and slavery of man to nature The very fact of the existence of man’s slavery to being and to God can raise doubts and objections. But everyone agrees that there is human slavery to nature. Victory over slavery to nature,

4. Society and freedom. Social seduction and slavery of man to society Of all the forms of slavery of man, the slavery of man to society is of greatest importance. Man is a being socialized over many millennia of civilization. And sociological

5. Civilization and freedom. Slavery of man to civilization and the seduction of cultural values ​​Man is in slavery not only to nature and society, but also to civilization. I now use the word “civilization” in the common sense, which connects it with the process

b) The seduction of war and the slavery of man to war The state, in its will to power and in its expansion, creates wars. War is the fate of the state. And the history of state societies is filled with wars. The history of mankind is to a large extent the history of wars, and it

c) The seduction and slavery of nationalism. People and nation The seduction and slavery of nationalism is a deeper form of slavery than ethical slavery. Of all the “superpersonal” values, a person most easily agrees to subordinate to himself the values ​​of the national, he is the easiest

d) Seduction and slavery of aristocracy. The double image of aristocracy There is a special seduction of aristocracy, the sweetness of belonging to the aristocratic stratum. Aristocratism is a very complex phenomenon and requires a complex assessment. The very word aristocracy means

f) The seduction of the bourgeoisie. Slavery to property and money There is seduction and slavery of aristocracy. But even more so there is the seduction and slavery of the bourgeoisie. Bourgeoisness is not only a social category associated with the class structure of society, but also

a) Seduction and slavery of the revolution. The double image of revolution Revolution is an eternal phenomenon in the destinies of human societies. Revolutions have happened at all times; they happened in the ancient world. There were many revolutions in ancient Egypt, and only from a great distance does it seem whole and

b) The seduction and slavery of collectivism. The temptation of utopias. The dual image of socialism Man, in his helplessness and abandonment, naturally seeks salvation in groups. A person agrees to give up his personality so that his life can be more prosperous, he is looking for

a) Seduction and erotic slavery. Gender, personality and freedom Erotic seduction is the most common seduction, and slavery to sex is one of the deepest sources of human slavery. Physiological sexual need rarely occurs in humans

b) Seduction and aesthetic slavery. Beauty, art and nature Aesthetic seduction and slavery, reminiscent of magic, does not capture too broad masses of humanity; it is found mainly among the cultural elite. There are people who live under the spell of beauty

2. Seduction and slavery of history. Dual understanding of the end of history. Active-creative eschatologism The greatest temptation and slavery of man is connected with history. The massiveness of history and the apparent grandeur of the processes taking place in history are incredibly impressive

§ 45. Transcendental ego and the perception of oneself as a psychophysical person reduced to one’s own sphere Our last reflections, like all previous ones, we carried out in the attitude of transcendental reduction, i.e. I, the reflector, carried them out as

Bringing peace into yourself The key to our inner peace is to weaken our shortcomings with the power of our own strengths, reduce our negative aspects and leave room for positive, but still hidden, aspects. This is peace with ourselves and with others. This is peace born from

“KNOW YOURSELF” The author of this saying, inscribed on the temple of Apollo in Delphi, was traditionally considered to be the Spartan Chilon, one of the seven Greek sages. The Delphic temple enjoyed enormous authority among all the Hellenes. It was believed that through the mouth of the Delphic

KNOW YOURSELF 1. We already know that psychic energy exists. We already feel that in mastering this energy all our happiness and future lie. We often talk about psychic energy; it has already become part of our everyday life. We already know when there is a lot or little of it in us. We even

: “The USSR was bad not in things or in salaries”.
I'll tell you that the USSR was great. Yes, there were mistakes and irregularities that needed and could be corrected. But which fit well into the goodness of the USSR. The Soviet man was not literally a slave - he was free in the broad sense of the word: he did not depend on things, did not depend on the employer, did not depend on whether or not he owned a home.

And now a person is a slave: a slave of “mortgage”, a slave of savings (if he has them) and real estate, a credit slave, etc. Material shackles bind one's hands and feet. He is like a goat tied to a peg that cannot move further than the length of the belt from him.

In the USSR it was impossible to “lose EVERYTHING.” This opportunity has now been provided.
Russian people have always sought freedom and found freedom. Now he doesn't have it.

P.S.
I just found excellent material from a friend, in particular, characterizing the aspirations of the Soviet state regarding the existence of Soviet man, regarding his liberation for (no matter how pretentious it may sound) all-round creative development.

"In progress" Economic problems of socialism in the USSR" (1952) I. Stalin As the third point of an indispensable precondition for the transition from socialism to communism, he writes the following:

3. It is necessary, thirdly, to achieve such a cultural growth of society that would provide all members of society with the comprehensive development of their physical and mental abilities, so that members of society have the opportunity to receive an education sufficient to become active figures in social development, so that they have the opportunity to freely choose a profession, and not be chained for life, due to the existing division of labor, to one particular profession.
What is required for this?

It would be wrong to think that such a serious cultural growth of the members of society can be achieved without serious changes in the present state of labor. To do this, you must first reduce the working day to at least 6, and then to 5 hours. This is necessary to ensure that members of society receive enough free time necessary to receive a comprehensive education. To do this, it is necessary, further, to introduce compulsory polytechnic training, which is necessary so that members of society have the opportunity to freely choose a profession and not be chained to one profession for the rest of their lives. To do this, it is necessary, further, to radically improve living conditions and raise the real wages of workers and employees at least twice, if not more, both through a direct increase in money wages and, especially, through a further systematic reduction in prices for consumer goods.

These are the basic conditions for preparing the transition to communism.
Only after all these preconditions taken together have been fulfilled will it be possible to hope that work will be transformed in the eyes of the members of society from a burden “into the first necessity of life” (Marx), that “labor will turn from a heavy burden into pleasure” (Engels), that public property will be regarded by all members of society as an unshakable and inviolable basis for the existence of society."

Here is another facet of real freedom. Let us not have time to reach this brink. We haven't made it yet.
“Freedom”, understood as the freedom to choose between “Adidas” and “skorokhod”, is the petty dreams of a little person. Dreams Akaki Akakievich.

P.P.S.
27.03.16
But this is what freedom comes to in the consumer's understanding. It comes not just in thoughts, but is already on the rails of implementation. I am sure that the majority of opponents are in favor. Even taking into account motivation:
" Human rights organizations, together with African liberals, advocate the legalization of early abortion. A microbiologist writes that this is necessary for preparing expensive anti-aging creams from unborn children."
(fully.