Forms of conducting classroom hours. Types and forms of events

In the methodological literature, three forms of extracurricular work are distinguished, based on the number of participants in it: individual, group and mass. G.V. Rogova, F.M. Rabinovich and T.E. Sakharova believe that group and mass forms of extracurricular work are mainly used, because the individual is, as it were, part of them.

Mass extracurricular activities fit organically into the school-wide plan of extracurricular activities; it can be carried out episodically or periodically. This form of extracurricular work includes the following types of events: evenings, matinees, competitions, quizzes, Olympiads, KVN, foreign language day, press conferences. Classes, parallel classes, units (stages) of education, and even the entire school take part in them.

Evenings and matinees are the main types of mass extracurricular activities. They may differ in content (we will talk about this in more detail in the second chapter). These types of extracurricular work help develop a whole range of skills in proficiency in a foreign language: mastery of new material contributes to the development of new areas of knowledge in a foreign language and the development of the material covered. They involve individual cognitive, creative skills, knowledge of phonetics, grammar and vocabulary.

An important means of increasing the level of mastery of a foreign language are various competitions. Competitions in the following types of language work have become widespread in school practice:

1) Competition for the best expressive reading of a literary poem, text or passage;

2) Competition for the best story without preparation on topics included in the program;

3) Competition for the best description of drawings, frames from a video or filmstrip, for dubbing a video excerpt;

4) Competition for the best interpretation (simultaneous interpreter competition);

5) Competition for the best written translation;

6) Competition for the best interlocutor.

Competitions can be held on a school, district, city, regional scale, as well as on a national scale. As a rule, they are held in several stages (rounds), if this is not a school competition: school stage, district stage, city, regional and country stage.

The competition, as one of the popular mass forms of extracurricular activities, includes quizzes, Olympiads, KVN, and the game “What? Where? When?”, which are actually competition options. These types of work do not allow students to stop at the achieved level, stimulating their curiosity and desire to improve their language proficiency.

The quiz can be taken at any stage of learning a foreign language. Its subject may be regional or linguistic knowledge. The material for the quiz can be presented in various forms: puzzles, riddles, questions, etc. Quizzes are associated with identifying a wide variety of knowledge, revealing interdisciplinary connections.

The practice of conducting KVN testifies to its effectiveness in stimulating interest in a foreign language. KVN is held upon completion of studying a topic or a number of topics according to a program that includes various competitions.

A foreign language day (or week) at school is held annually at the same time. Almost all students of the school participate in this event, acting according to a specially developed program. At the end of the day or week of foreign language, a reporting evening-concert is held.

Group forms include clubs and circles. The main feature of this form is the constant participation of a group of students (10-15 people), as well as the regularity of classes. When creating circles, the interests of students and, of course, the capabilities, inclinations and tastes of the teacher are taken into account.

Basically, circles and clubs do not differ from each other in terms of operating principles. Their main difference is that the club form, as it were, unites circle, mass and individual forms of work into a coherent structure, being its coordinating and organizing center. The most common circles are: a film lovers circle, a speaking circle, a drama circle, a choir circle, poetry lovers and some others. As a rule, the activities of circles and clubs are reflected in reporting concerts or evenings.

The individual form of work provides an opportunity for the development of individual abilities and inclinations of students. This form of extracurricular work gives students the opportunity to show creative initiative and activity. As a rule, students who participate in individual forms of extracurricular activities also participate in all other forms of extracurricular activities. The following types of extracurricular work are distinguished: memorizing passages of prose and poetry, learning songs, writing notes, working on a role, designing materials for an exhibition, making albums, visual aids, preparing for reports, performances in evening programs.

Thus, extracurricular work refers to educational and educational activities that are carried out outside of class. Extracurricular activities play an important role in foreign language learning. It has a certain specificity inherent in the subject. Extracurricular work performs approximately the same range of tasks as classroom work. It motivates the cognitive activity of students, shapes their taste, worldview, and broadens their horizons.

Extracurricular work effectively helps to reveal the cognitive aspect of learning a foreign language, because develops abilities used in intercultural communication.

There are three forms of extracurricular work: mass, group and individual. The mass form is divided into the following types: evenings, matinees, competitions, quizzes, Olympiads, KVN, foreign language day, press conferences. The group form includes the activities of circles or clubs. Individual extracurricular work involves memorizing, writing notes, manuals, albums, working on a role, etc.

In class. This form is distinguished by its flexibility. With its help, you can actively influence children and try to develop their positive qualities.

Goals of the class hour

The peculiarities of choosing the form of conducting classroom hours are determined by the goals that every teacher should set for himself when communicating with children. First of all, it is necessary to form a team in which every student will feel comfortable. It is very important to create an environment in which students will have every opportunity to express their individuality and realize any creative abilities.

In addition, the classroom is necessary to create a child’s value system, the formation of an emotionally sensitive sphere of his life. This is an excellent opportunity to gain applied knowledge and learn more about nature and society.

Features of classroom hours in elementary school

When choosing the form of conducting classroom hours in elementary school, you need to take into account the psychological characteristics of children, the fact that they are still poorly able to concentrate. Therefore, it is important to frequently change types of activities and switch their interest. Also, during educational work, you need to actively use clarity, intrigue children, and introduce an element of surprise. Parents can be involved in preparing class events.

Basic forms of conducting classroom hours in elementary school

The easiest way to organize communication with the class is in the form of a quiz. This will contribute to the development of children's cognitive abilities. During the quiz, you can use puzzles, small tasks, interesting questions, crosswords, and reproductions of paintings. All this will expand the horizons of children. The most active participants in the event must be rewarded with at least small prizes (you can make them homemade).

Also, forms of conducting classroom hours at school include conversation. This does not have to be communication between the teacher and the children. High school students can be involved in the communication process. Adult schoolchildren can tell kids about the correct daily routine and behavior patterns at school. A good idea is to invite veterans, firefighters, or simply worthy citizens as guests who will be role models.

In anticipation of any interesting dates, you can organize entire holidays. In this case, all students in the class should be involved in the work. Everyone can contribute in some way to ensure that the event ends up being a good one. The teacher should not shoulder all the preparatory work. His task is to be a mentor and organizer. He needs to help children show their talents. As a result, schoolchildren will remember this holiday for a long time.

Cool hours in 5th grade

5th grade are already more mature and conscientious children, but they have not yet lost their curiosity. High-quality classroom hours during this period contribute to the formation of the team and help facilitate the adaptation of students who leave their comfort zone and begin to work with different teachers.

Modern forms of conducting are creative in nature. These could be theatrical performances, festivals, holidays. In addition, play forms of work are possible. Children at this age are very receptive to play. They are ready to show enthusiasm. Schoolchildren strive to be the best in everything, and this opportunity can be realized through games. Entertainment can be of different types. For example, in 5th grade you can arrange a brain ring or a “Field of Miracles”.

Discussion forms of class hours

In high school, it is possible to use any form of classroom teaching, including discussion. For example, this could be a dispute. This form of educational activity involves an open, vibrant debate on some serious topic that can be looked at from different angles. The use of dispute is necessary for the development of dialectical thinking in children. Also in high school, you can resort to a discussion in which each student will defend his opinion. This can be done by presenting convincing arguments.

Such forms of conducting classroom hours as conferences require more serious preparation. Essentially, this is a meeting to discuss an issue. All conference participants must be prepared, so you need to distribute assignments to students in advance and monitor their completion by class time. The same applies to the round table. It also refers to discussion forms, only participants can speak out only in a certain order.

Information hour - you can organize an exchange of news. The teacher in advance instructs all students to prepare interesting news on a specific topic: scientific achievements, space, nature conservation, health, art, etc.

The living room is an opportunity to meet interesting people. Get acquainted with the local elite or simply representatives of various professions. This is important for the development of children’s horizons and quality career guidance.

Competitive forms of conducting classroom hours

This category includes any event that involves competition. These could be competitions, quizzes, shows, presentations. Another form that students love is KVN! Such an event allows you to defuse the atmosphere in the classroom, give the children the opportunity to joke and show their humorous talents.

Creative cool clock

These are far from new forms of conducting a class hour, but they do not lose their relevance. Children love them because they can fully realize their talents.

The festival is where you can demonstrate your achievements in the field of amateur performances. This form of interaction will help each child to show his or her individuality and will awaken schoolchildren to the arts. By the way, festivals can be not only music, but also theater.

Exhibitions make it possible to demonstrate the results of activities that usually remain outside the field of view of teachers. These can be embroidered or knitted items, various crafts, items collected as a result of tourist and local history trips.

Concerts involve the performance of musical works in front of an audience, the recitation of poetry and much more. They can be thematic or reporting.

Variety of cool watches

The article lists only the main forms of conducting classroom hours. In fact, there are many more of them. Moreover, each teacher has the opportunity to combine elements of different forms or create new ones. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the age characteristics of children, their creative potential, and team cohesion. It is very important not to turn the classroom into a boring event, after which the children will not have any positive emotions. Students should not feel pressure from the teacher. To do this, class hours should be bright and interesting.

Schoolchildren may forget their lessons over time, but the great time spent with their class teacher and classmates should remain in their memory forever. A good mentor must be able to diversify the lives of his wards with the help of unusual events. You just need to spare no effort and have enough love for schoolchildren. A properly organized classroom will allow children to reveal their talents, and will give the teacher the opportunity to realize themselves.

Modern methodological techniques for enhancing extracurricular activities

A modern teacher, the head of a circle or sports section, or a teacher of additional education needs to be fluent in teaching practice with the basic methodological techniques or methods of organizing extracurricular activities.

Interactive forms of extracurricular activities are forms of organizing a study session or extracurricular activity that involve intensive mental work, physical, communicative activity or quick decision-making. These forms include express quizzes, brainstorming, relay races, mini-competitions, etc.

Conversation- a method of teaching and upbringing that involves dialogue between the teacher and students primarily on teacher issues. Conversation activates the mental work of students, maintains attention and interest, develops speech: every question is a problem that students solve. Types of conversations: preparatory, informative, heuristic, reproducing, generalizing, repeating. Conversations of various types can be combined, intersected, interspersed depending on the micro-goal at a certain stage of the educational lesson and extracurricular activities.

Heuristic conversation used when the teacher does not tell the truth, but teaches how to find it. Based on an analysis of facts and phenomena known to students, as well as independent observations, students come to a conclusion on the topic of new (cognitive) material.

Reproducing conversation is used to consolidate the studied material, as well as to repeat and justify the actions performed.

Informative Conversation used by the teacher in cases where new material cannot be obtained heuristically.

Summary conversation It is usually carried out at the end of a lesson (extracurricular activity) and at the end of studying a major topic, section, course.

Dialogue- a type of oral speech (less often written), characterized by a change in the statements of two or more (in this case, the term “polylogue” is sometimes used) speakers. Replies (statements) of speakers are interconnected in meaning and together form a single whole, therefore dialogue is a type of coherent speech or text. In dialogue, situation, gesture, facial expressions, and intonation play an important role. The dialogue is characterized by certain stylistic features: questions, exclamations, elliptical constructions, interjections and particles, addresses, etc.

Demonstration- methodological technique, showing tables, diagrams, models, paintings, slides, videos, television programs, images projected on the screen using modern electronic and video equipment in class (extra-curricular activities) to all students.

Differentiated approach- a form of organizing the work of students based on their association, within the educational team, in small groups according to interests, according to the level of readiness, and in mixed groups - according to national composition, according to the degree of proficiency in Russian (foreign) language. Each group receives tasks of a different nature and varying degrees of difficulty. A differentiated approach allows, within the teenage team, to catch up with those lagging behind, to give each teenage group (each individual) an opportunity for development. The division into groups is not permanent. Creative groups of different composition can be created for different types of work.

Dosage of educational material. When organizing and conducting an extracurricular lesson (event), the teacher needs to think through the intensity of each stage of the lesson or event. Such work helps prevent students from overloading and fatigue, and provides optimal conditions for assimilation of educational (cognitive) material.

Proof- a methodological technique that develops thinking and speech and consists of substantiating a statement with the help of other thoughts, statements that have already been proven or accepted without evidence (obvious or unprovable). Tasks with the sentence “prove” are widely used both in classrooms and during extracurricular activities.

Consolidation of knowledge, skills and abilities- a type of educational activity of students, organized and checked by a teacher, aimed at implementing the principle of solid mastery of educational (cognitive) material. Consolidation of knowledge is carried out by repeating new material in different versions and combinations, in a rearranged form, with new examples, as well as by performing practical actions - exercises, practical tasks. Consolidation in a training session is usually carried out after the explanation of new material.

Testing- a modern type of testing the assimilation of educational (theoretical) material, determining the psychological type of a teenager’s personality, his inclinations and interests. Testing involves two methods of execution: a computer version and a paper version. Teachers prepare short assignments on the topics studied or a block of educational material, offer various options for solving them (answers), of which only one option is correct. Students are asked to indicate the correct answer option either on sheets of paper or on a computer within a certain (limited) time.

Computer- a modern technical tool for training, development and searching for information on the Internet, which is used in the following forms:

Development and use by students of computer programs, with which they work independently on personal computers or in computer classes;

Use of ready-made computer programs, educational games, testing;

Control and self-control (knowledge and skills are tested);

Communicating with friends from other regions and countries via the Internet, transmitting information via email;

Modeling and design; summarizing the theoretical material being studied, as well as summarizing and editing the written text;

Analysis and selection of educational texts, necessary information and their evaluation according to certain criteria;

Quantitative study of spoken speech or printed texts, etc.

Repetition of educational (cognitive) material- return during a lesson (extracurricular activity) to what was previously studied in order to consolidate it, connect it with new material, generalize and systematize what has been learned. Repetition ensures the strength of knowledge acquisition. Typically, repetition is carried out using new examples, in a different order, using new methods of activity (trainees prepare generalizing tables, diagrams, reports, etc.).

Individual training (consultation)- a form of organizing training sessions with individual students outside the educational team. Most often used with students assigned to homeschooling. Individual training usually consists of clarification of difficult theoretical issues, joint completion of tasks taking into account the teacher’s methodological instructions, and independent work under the guidance of a teacher. As a rule, individual consultations are given by the teacher when preparing reports and performing long-term creative work (using the project methodology).

Speech development of students- the process of mastering speech: the means of language (phonetics, vocabulary, grammar, speech culture, styles) and the mechanisms of speech - its perception and expression of one’s thoughts. The process of speech development occurs in people of different ages. The term “speech development” is also used in a narrow methodological meaning: special educational activities of the teacher and students aimed at mastering speech, as well as the corresponding section of the Russian or foreign language methodology course. It includes the organization of speech situations, speech environment, vocabulary work, syntactic exercises, work on text (connected speech), intonation, correction and improvement of speech.

All work on speech development is based on a course in grammar, vocabulary, phonetics, word formation, stylistics, as well as on the theory of speech and text, which is not included in the program for students, but is used as the basis for the methodology for developing students’ speech.

Role-playing game— a methodical method of teaching and activating extracurricular activities of schoolchildren. The essence of the role-playing game is to create situations in which each participant receives a fictitious name, a social role - a tourist, a guide, a journalist, a nurse, a teacher, etc. The presenter directs the course of the conversation. Role-playing game creates motivation that is close to natural, arouses interest, and increases the emotional level of students’ educational work.

Self-control- a necessary stage of educational action. It is implemented in the following techniques: checking the correctness of the written text; use of dictionaries and reference books; checking your answer against a pre-drawn plan; self-observation of pronunciation, tempo, expressiveness of speech and correct reading of the text, etc.

Independent work- cognitive, educational activity performed on the instructions of the teacher, under his guidance and control, but without his direct participation. It may occur when studying new educational material, consolidating knowledge, preparing an essay or report, creative work, collecting a collection or herbarium, or designing a project.

Project method is currently the most popular teaching method among experimental teachers. The most effective application of the design method is possible using a computer. There are three main stages, or phases, in the project process. At the first stage, a fruitful idea is put forward (a meaningful core, the meaning of further actions). In the second (middle) stage, a multifaceted panorama of what is desired emerges from an undifferentiated idea (building a technology for further actions or techniques for a future planned model). The final design phase is the preparation of design and technological documentation.

The project method assumes a fundamentally different approach: “Think, imagine, reflect on the way and by what means this could be accomplished.”

Priority forms of extracurricular work in educational institutions

Most often, the priorities for children and adolescents in general education institutions are gaming, theater, discussion, situational creative, psychological, competitive forms of educational and extracurricular work that allow students to realize themselves.

The most popular forms of extracurricular activities are:

1. Subject weeks in academic subjects of social, humanitarian, mathematical and natural science cycles.

2. Educational and cognitive activities: school-wide subject Olympiads and public reviews of knowledge, honoring prize-winners and winners of school-wide, city (district) and regional (district, regional, republican) subject Olympiads and competitions; championships of “experts of the virtual world” (experts in information and communication technologies), festivals of creative and research projects; school-wide competitions “Best student” (by parallel classes), “Best graduate of school (lyceum, gymnasium)”, “Best student portfolio”.

3. Heroic-patriotic and military sports events: work of school museums, theme evenings and holidays; organizing and conducting excursions and thematic excursion trips, military sports games “Zarnitsa” and “Eaglet”, “Safe Wheel” competitions, teams of YID (young traffic inspectors) and YDP (young friends of firefighters).

4. Mass holidays (collective and creative activities): themed holidays, festivals of creativity and fantasy; competitions: “Hello, we are looking for talents”, “Come on, guys”, “Miss School”, KVN, professions, homemade products; intellectual tournaments of experts; competitions of staged or marching songs, theatrical performances, recitations and author's creativity, drawings and posters.

5.Specialized (thematic) or career guidance promotions: fairs of knowledge and future professions; holidays and festivals of folk art, national customs and traditions; festivals of science and creativity, hobby groups and clubs; children's book or bibliophile week.

6. Socially useful and socially significant events: labor landings and subbotniks; Timurov's activities, Aibolit and purity raids; search and local history work; operations “Gift to Distant Friends”, “Gift to a Veteran”; charity events: “Help disabled children”, “Our gift to an orphanage”, “Help older people”.

7. Sports and tourism activities: organizing and conducting tourist rallies, “Robinsonades” and competitions, one- and multi-day walking, combined, mountain, bicycle and motorcycle hikes and expeditions; evenings of tourists, “Small Olympic Games”, tournaments (championships) in volleyball, basketball, track and field and weightlifting, gymnastics and wrestling, chess and checkers (backgammon, billiards); sports relay races (with students, parents); competitions “Mom, Dad, I - a sports family”, “The most athletic class”.

The most common forms of leisure communication:“lights”, round tables, discos, evenings, get-togethers, trips out of town, visits to museums, meetings with interesting people; work of hobby groups and clubs, sports sections; brainstorming sessions, discussions and interactive activities.

New game forms are becoming popular: according to the game type of the “New Civilization” program, intensive communication (targeted trainings, educational and developing intellectual and psychological games), communicative-linguistic (communication trainings, creative game evenings), communicative (discussions, brainstorming, business, role-playing games).

To carry out education in children's educational institutions, it is necessary to solve the following problems: determination of content, forms and methods of education taking into account age, individual psychological characteristics of students. Therefore, it is important to realize that today we need to talk not about event activities, but about educational activities, about human communication, about the formation of relationships, about the development of personal qualities.

Raising the younger generation is a multifaceted process. The physical and moral health of children is considered as priority areas in education; intellectual development; formation of personal culture and spiritual values; civic and patriotic education; aesthetic and labor education; formation of life plans for schoolchildren, preparation for family life, etc.

To implement pedagogical tasks, various forms of extracurricular educational work are used:

– traditional: oral journal, class hour, ethical conversation, living room;

– discussion: debate, project defense, evening of solved and unsolved mysteries;

– national ritual: folk holidays, gatherings, folk entertainment;

– television: “Theme”, “Happy Case”, “KVN”;

– collectively creative activities: “Chamomile” relay race, ring circuit;

– non-standard: sports flea market, dance ring, poetry cross-country;

– improvisations: “At the mirror”, “Smeshinka”, “Theater-exprom”.

The professionalism of a teacher and organizer lies in mastering the largest number of forms of work and the ability to use them to solve a specific pedagogical problem with maximum educational effect. “One-by-one”, according to A.S. Makarenko, individual education is the highest aerobatics in the work of an educator, teacher, and class teacher.

To educate means to organize the activities of children. A person develops, forms his skills, behavior patterns, values, feelings in the process of modern activities with people and in the course of communicating with them. Therefore, in order to achieve educational goals, the class teacher must be able to organize a variety of activities for children (teachers call it developmental, nurturing), and for children it is their natural life.

The organization of extracurricular activities for children, including leisure activities, in any school has always been and remains a very important area of ​​activity for teachers. Activities with children in addition to lessons, communication with them in a more or less free environment are essential, and often decisive, for their development and upbringing. They are also important for the teacher himself, as they help to get closer to children, get to know them better and establish good relationships, reveal unexpected and attractive sides of the teacher’s personality for students, and finally allow them to experience happy moments of unity, shared experiences, human closeness, which often makes teachers and students are friends for life. This gives the teacher a feeling of the necessity of his work, its social significance, and relevance. as they say now.

However, for this to happen, you need to know how to organize such work.

Methodists highlight types of extracurricular activities, which are possible at school, namely: cognitive activity, value-orientation, social, aesthetic, leisure. It is clear that all of them are closely related to the educational process, to the content of training and education at school and serve to achieve certain educational and educational goals. Thus, cognitive activity is aimed at developing cognitive interests, accumulating knowledge, developing mental abilities, etc.

Value-oriented activity, in essence, is the process of forming attitudes towards the world, forming beliefs, views, assimilating moral and other norms of people’s lives - all that is called values. The class teacher has ample opportunities to stimulate schoolchildren to develop attitudes and views on life in various forms of extracurricular activities: conversations on social and moral issues, class meetings, discussions, debates. Of course, schoolchildren learn social values ​​in all other forms and activities.

Social activities involve the participation of schoolchildren in school management bodies, various student and youth associations in and outside the school, participation in labor, political and other campaigns. This occurs in such forms as self-care work, school cleaning, school assemblies, meetings, elections and student government work, evenings, holidays, etc.

Aesthetic activities develop artistic taste, interests, culture, and abilities of children. It is difficult to overestimate the importance of aesthetic activities for students, which can be organized especially effectively outside of school in special institutions of additional education and clubs. School teachers, however, also have the opportunity to carry out this work in the following forms: performances, competitions, school theaters, concerts, festivals, excursions to museums, visits to theaters and much more.

Leisure activities mean meaningful, developing rest, free communication, in which the initiative should belong to the students, but the teacher should not be an outside observer, remembering his functions as an educating adult. Sports and recreational activities can also be included here. Free communication and leisure time for students can take place in a variety of forms: games, holidays, recreation evenings, collective birthdays, competitions, joint walks, hikes, etc.

The teacher must know and be able to do a lot in order to organize all these forms of work methodically correctly. First of all, in the pedagogy of educational work at school, the very concept of “form of work” is not very clear and it is difficult to distinguish it from the method. However, it is still important for the teacher to know how he organizes the activities of students, what capabilities he has, so to speak, a methodological arsenal.

Form of extracurricular educational work with children can be defined as a specific way of organizing their relatively free activities at school, their independence with pedagogically appropriate guidance from adults. In educational practice there is a wide variety of forms of work; they are difficult to classify. Let us try, however, to streamline the forms of educational work by highlighting the predominant, main component of educational work. We can say that our typification is based on the main means (methods, types) of educational influence, of which we have identified five: words, experiences, activities, games, psychological exercises (training).

Hence, there are five types of forms of educational work with schoolchildren:

– verbal – logical
– figurative – artistic
– labor
– gaming
– psychological

Verbal and logical forms.

The main means of influence is the word (word persuasion), which evokes response emotions in children. This type of form includes conversations on various topics, class debates, meetings, conferences, lectures, etc. The main thing here is the exchange of information, messages from students, teachers and other adults, and discussion of problems. This type of educational influence takes place in the practice of schools all over the world, although the methodology, technique or even technology for its implementation may be different.

Figurative and artistic forms.

They combine activities of children where the main means of influence is a joint, predominantly aesthetic experience. The main thing here is to evoke strong, deep and ennobling collective emotions, similar to those that people experience in the theater, at holidays, and in other similar situations.

Great teachers, psychologists, artists, politicians and public figures well understood the enormous uplifting and unifying power of jointly experienced feelings, and also knew their destructive potential. The teacher must be able to provide children with shared experiences that will make them better people.

Such forms as a concert, performance, holiday, etc. have great potential.

Let us note in this regard that collective, mass experiences seem to occupy a large place in modern life, especially among young people: rock concerts, discos, “parties” of informals. But, alas, not to mention the content and nature of these ideas, the noise and external effects there often fill the inner emptiness and leave no room for deep inner experience. In modern life, obviously, there is generally a lot of noise and there is no silence that would help a person discover himself. When organizing the life of schoolchildren, it is necessary to ensure that there are moments of silence filled with contemplation, penetration into phenomena, the discovery of new things in the world around them, in people, in themselves.

Labor forms of extracurricular work.

Joint work, and more broadly, various activities, any work, has a positive effect on children. This different types work at the school, from daily cleaning to school repairs, setting up and organizing a garden, park, organizing a farm, a school cooperative, a printing house, and an information center. This also includes various types of assistance to those in need, work in self-government bodies, social movements and organizations. Collaborative work can inspire no less than theater, aesthetic spectacle or celebration.

Game (leisure) forms of work.

These are games, joint recreation, meaningful entertainment. Games can be sports, educational, competitive, competitive. All of them, like the above-mentioned types of forms of educational work, often combine various means of influence: word, image, feelings, work.

Special attention should pay attention to PSYCHOLOGICAL FORMS of working with students. In forms of this type, the main means of influence are elements of psychological training, methods of practical psychology, individual and group psychotherapy. These are lectures, conversations, discussions, psychological exercises, consultations. They require some special knowledge and skills of the teacher.

For success when using various forms of work with children, the teacher must imagine their hidden capabilities and, on the basis of this, organize them in the most optimal way. It should be remembered that, as we have already noted, any form of work involves exposure to words, sensory experiences, play (competition), and labor (work). On this basis, we can identify the following mandatory elements of all forms of work with students: information, experiences, actions. Information- this is something new and important that students learn about by participating in a particular activity . Experiences– this is their emotional perception of information and everything that happens, assessment, attitude. Actions– this is their joint activity (with each other and adults), which enriches and develops. Children, participating in various activities, learn new things, experience successes and failures, and happy moments of creativity. Thus, they acquire the social experience they need and the personality orientation approved by society.

The forms of extracurricular activities and their content are very diverse and difficult to account for. Here are the most common ones that are most often encountered in school practice. At the same time, let us remember that many of them are carried out both on a school-wide scale and within a class or two parallel classes. In a modern school, class teachers and teachers organize the following activities together with children: holidays, evenings, fairs, “lights”, discos, usually tied to a calendar date or associated with the tradition of the school (Soviet solemn dates are supplanted by Christmastide, Maslenitsa, American Halloween, European Valentine's Day, etc.); traditional class and school duty, periodic school cleaning; competitions, days and weeks of knowledge in academic subjects; excursions to museums, to enterprises, to the sights of your hometown, sightseeing trips to the city, country, going to the theater, less often the cinema; walks, trips to the forest, to cultural and historical monuments, multi-day hikes and trips (mainly in summer); sports competitions, health days; workshop on rules of conduct and safety on the street, in the yard, at the entrance; release and competitions of wall newspapers, holiday posters, postcards and much more.

Let us especially note such a phenomenon as Classroom hour, needlessly pushed out of school practice. Class hour, in our opinion, has at least two meanings, the first of which is simply the time the class teacher works with the class, included in the lesson schedule (alas, no longer!). At this time, the class teacher can do with the class whatever he and the students deem necessary: ​​conversations on a variety of issues, educational games, discussions, reading books, etc. Unfortunately, it happens that teachers gather students only to solve organizational issues and “Reprimands” for bad behavior and academic performance. Therefore, there is a second meaning of the concept “class hour” - a meeting of class students to discuss class matters. Here it is necessary to give the floor to student self-government, which will solve organizational and other pressing issues of class life. It seems that a class hour in the first and second meanings does not have to be held every week, but twice a month is sufficient.

Note that often the boundary between different types of class hours is quite arbitrary: at a class meeting dedicated to discussing class problems, the teacher, parents, and some guests can give a talk or a message. But let’s say that conversations should not turn into personal verbal reprimands and edifications.

"Quiz".

Educational objectives: helps to increase the cognitive activity of schoolchildren.

This is a game of answering questions, usually united by some topic.

Requirements for the quiz:

- common topic;
– questions must be specific;
– select a certain number of questions;
– take into account the age and amount of knowledge of children, their interests;
– think over the form of the event – ​​“What? Where? When?”, “Field of Miracles”, “Bray-ring”, “Happy Accident”;
– question – answer (oral or written);
– it is possible to conduct a quiz without prior preparation or the questions are given to children in advance;

The quiz can have different tasks:

– explain if you can;
– which statement is true, etc.

Give questions to broaden the horizons of children, to which they must find the answer independently from sources. Please indicate literature.

“Living Newspaper”.

Educational objectives: development of creative and communication abilities.

The model is old, it was invented by counselors of the 20s. The “living” newspaper was revived in the 50s. Strictly speaking, this is a performance in the form of a newspaper, the script of which is written, invented and staged by counselors and children in compliance with the genres of journalism: editorial, feuilleton, report, essay, interview, questionnaire, cartoon, literary parody, funny mixture, information, announcements, advertising and etc. The participants of the newspaper, and there should be at least 7-10 people, first discuss the program of the issue and come up with its composition. A newspaper can touch upon international events, talk about news in the country, in one’s native land, city, village, and always about one’s unit or class. The main thing is to choose the idea that the newspaper will defend and the phenomena that it will oppose.

A newspaper may have regular columns: “The Globe”, “Native Land”, “Ask - We Answer”, “Congratulations”, “This is Interesting”, “The Obvious - the Incredible”, etc. “Living Newspaper” can use the traditions of radio and television, the genres of the living word - fairy tale, fable, riddle, epic, ditty, couplets.

Participants in the newspaper can make costumes for themselves (hats from the newspaper; attributes; posters; cut out letters that make up the name of the newspaper, letters are usually pinned on shirts; costumes necessary for each role, and others); It’s good if the newspaper has musical accompaniment. A newspaper can be political, satirical, critical, environmental, funny, mischievous—all sorts of things.

“Quiet Reading Hour.”

Educational objectives: instills a love of books, the literary word and broadens one’s horizons.

An hour of quiet reading arises in contrast to schoolchildren’s boundless fascination with television and video films, which displace communication with books from the student’s life, freeing the developing psyche of a young person from the efforts of imagination, thinking and memory.

On the day when the “quiet reading hour” occurs, children and teachers bring with them to school extra-curricular books that they are “now reading”, they are provided with a time common to all members of the school community, when in silence and comfort each person can read quietly the book he brought.

This moment is pre-prepared: an announcement is posted, 1-2 days in advance, leaflets appear - reminders, teachers remind children about the planned task. As a result, very rarely do some schoolchildren forget to take a book with them to school. But this rare case is also provided for: teachers and a librarian select a number of books that they will offer to the child.

The educational potential of the “quiet reading hour” is not fully exhausted if, at the end of it, the list of books read by children and teachers is not made public. This list is posted at the end of the school day. “What we read today” and “What the teachers read.” An emotional atmosphere is created, intellectual leaders are highlighted, and the field of bibliographic knowledge is expanded. Children sometimes carry the idea of ​​a “quiet reading hour” into the family, introducing their parents to reading books they have long forgotten.

“Project protection”(the project is a dream).

Educational objectives: development of imagination, creativity, communication skills.

“Project protection” is a form of group activity for children. In it, the student manifests himself as an individual, capable of not only assessing reality, but also projecting into it some necessary changes in the name of improving life. Much in these projects comes from dreams, from fantasy, but the basis for a fantastic flight of thought remains a real awareness of the course of today's everyday life.

Here are examples of thematic content of such projects: “Our school after 50 years”, “Classroom built by me”, “Art in our school”, “My grandchildren’s schoolyard”.

Initially, to protect the dream project, you can create free groups with a set of strict game roles: dreamer - speaker, critic of an opponent, ally, propagandist. The discussion of the project is programmed in this way, but the content remains free and unpredictable. Later, when defending projects as a form of creative play has been mastered, you can abandon group ones, moving on to discussing individual options for creative pictures of the future. The announcement of the upcoming competition can be bright, colorful, cheerful and kind, so that every schoolchild would want to create a dream project. Class teachers should support this flaring desire, encourage, and give the first advice on how to start the project.

It is better to evaluate projects according to different criteria, so that the first places in the competition are taken by several authors: “for the most daring project”, “for the most elegant project”, “for the most beautiful project”, etc.

From work experience.

Fairytale quiz for 2nd grade students.

Goals:

• develop memory, thinking
• introduce the structure of a fairy tale

Visibility: pictures with fairy-tale characters, drawings.

Developed skills and abilities: learn to guess fairy tales by the names of the characters and their actions.

1. Teacher's opening speech:

- There are a lot of fairy tales. Guys, do you like fairy tales?

– How do fairy tales differ from other works of fiction?

– Who writes fairy tales?

Guys, now you will divide into 2 teams of 6 people each and compete. The rest will be fans. Questions will help you. Whoever answers the question will be on the team.

Questions: The named characters have double names. The beginning is given, you complete it.

So, the teams have been created.

2. Name the fairy tales based on the pictures.

umbrella – “Ole – Lukoil”
pea – “The Princess and the Pea”
sleigh – “Snow Queen”
nettle – “Wild swans”.

3. “Guess the fairy-tale names and objects.”

1. Five people tried to eat him, but the sixth one succeeded. (Kolobok)
2. Ivanushka's sister. (Alyonushka)
3. A reptile with three or more heads. (Dragon)
4. A fairy-tale hero whose death is in an egg. (Koschei)
5. Traditional male name in fairy tales. (Ivan)

1. What did the bear wear to carry the girl along with the pies? (Box)
2. At its end is the death of one of the heroes. (Needle)
3. The dish from which the crane fed the fox? (Jug)
4. The name of the hero who slept on the stove (Emelya)
5. The dwelling of Baba-Yaga. (Hut)

4. Who can name more fairy tales?

- about children

- about birds

5. Portray the heroes of a fairy tale (sketch, pantomime)

– Babu-Yaga

– Snake – Gorynych

6. Postman Pechkin accidentally dropped the telegrams, and they fell into our hands, but we cannot understand who they are from, maybe you can help us?

1. Happy Birthday.
2. I found boots that are fast walkers, I’ll arrive home soon.
3. I will, I will wash my face in the mornings and evenings.

1. Grandma and grandpa, save me, a fox is chasing me.
2. The fox took over my house and drove me out. Help!
3. A wolf came and ate 6 kids. Save!

Result: Guys, did you like the fairy tales? I am very glad that you know so many fairy tales so well! I hope that you will continue to read a lot of fairy tales from different peoples and different writers: Andersen, C. Perrault, the Brothers Grimm, etc. Until next time.

Literature:

1. Voronov V.“Diversity of forms of educational work”, w. “To the class teacher,” 2001 - No. 1, pp. 21-24.
2. Table “Types and forms of educational activities.”
3. R.N.Buneev and E.V.Buneeva“A small door to a big world”, literary reading, 2nd grade.
4. Russian folk tales and original tales of different nations.

Types and forms of educational work.

Class hour - one of the most common forms of organizing frontal educational work that contributes to the formation of a system of relationships among students to the world around them.

During the preparation and conduct of the class hour, the class teacher should algorithm, allowing the most rational and competent organization of the educational process:

1. Definition of goals and objectives.

2.Choice of the form of educational work, definition of the genre and name of the event.

3.Creating psychological control

4.Preliminary preparation

5.Holding the event itself

6.Pedagogical analysis of the event

Discussed with students

Discussed by adult participants

Class directions:

1.Civil-patriotic education

2.Moral education

3.Legal education

4.Physical and mental development of the individual

Main components of the classroom:

1.Target- goals should be associated primarily with the development of the child’s individuality, with the design and establishment of his unique lifestyle.

3.Organizationally active-students are full-fledged organizers of the class hour. The active participation and interest of each child is proposed, the actualization of his life experience, the manifestation and development of individuality.

4.Evaluative and analytical- the criteria for assessing the effectiveness of a class hour are the manifestation and enrichment of the child’s life experience.

Classroom forms:

Living room- one of the forms of cultural and leisure communication. There are theatrical, musical, literary living rooms. In the living room format, meetings can be held with interesting people, evenings of remembrance of famous poets, musicians, artists, writers, with viewing or listening to fragments of their works performed by guests or participants of the living room.

Salon- this is an evening for a narrow circle of people united by common interests and hobbies, creating the atmosphere of bygone times. Salons can be theatrical, musical, artistic, literary. At such evenings, in an oral “home” environment, participants exchange information about performances, concerts, poetry and prose, and works of art.

Salon methods: costume evening; an evening where the “hostess” receives guests.

Lecture hall– a well-thought-out and planned series of lectures on a set topic over a period of time.

The organization and methodology of conducting lectures is consistent with the objectives and plans of educational work. Organization of the lecture hall includes the selection of topics, selection of lecturers, development of lectures, notification of listeners, preparation of technical and visual aids and the location where the event is held.

The topics of lectures are usually drawn up for the entire planned period of operation of the lecture hall, and the time of their holding is approximately determined 3-6 months in advance. The lecture organizers introduce each speaker to the topic of the lecture 1-2 months before the presentation so that they have sufficient time to prepare. For each lecture, appropriate visual aids are selected, with which the lecturer himself first familiarizes himself.

Contest

Competitive programs- is a competition in any type of human activity.

Topic 3. Organization of collective planning in the classroom. Types of educational work plans.

Educational work is creative work. Its success largely depends on the pedagogical skill of the teacher, on his knowledge of the individual characteristics of his students.

A plan is a pre-planned system of events. stipulating the order, sequence and timing of work.

The plan is a means of improving the quality of educational work of the class teacher (teacher). The form of the plan can be very different; it can be drawn up for a quarter, half a year, or a year.

In practice, two main types of plans are known: perspective and calendar. The long-term plan for the year usually includes a brief description of the class, groups and individual students. The purpose and objectives of educational work and a list of main matters in the areas of education (economic, political, moral, legal, aesthetic, physical, etc.). For everyday work, such a plan is inconvenient, so they use a grid calendar plan.

Algorithm for drawing up a long-term plan for educational work in the Kyrgyz Republic

When starting planning, you need to:

1.Familiarize yourself with government documents defining the school’s objectives.

2. Study methodological and pedagogical literature.

3.Familiarize yourself with the BP school plan.

4.Study the experience of the best class teachers.

5.Identify the main tasks of education.

6.Identify the main types of activities and forms of work with the class.

Structure of the long-term plan

1. Characteristics of the class (general information, academic performance, state of discipline, brief description of the team, assets).

2. Educational tasks appropriate to the age and characteristics of the given class.

3.Work with the student body (calendar of main educational events)

4.Work with a psychologist and social teacher of the school.

5.Work with parents of students.

Plan for the teacher’s work with parents for the quarter

Work plan for the children's team for six months

Exercise: Using the calendar of significant dates, make an educational plan

work for (quarter)