Speech development lesson in 8th grade.

Preparing to write a description of an architectural monument.

Teacher of Russian language and literature

Municipal educational institution secondary school in the village of Berdyuzhye, Tyumen region

Shukalovich Ekaterina Petrovna

Goal: improve skills oral speech; expanding students' vocabulary, teaching how to describe an architectural monument.

Equipment: m/m presentation.

During the classes.

Working with phrases. Read it. Determine the meaning of the highlighted words. Where can these phrases be used?

Russian architecture, erect temple, author sculptures, intricate details, antiquity, modern monument, chariot of glory, bronze high relief, intricate ornament, great architect, Old Russian architecture.

Vocabulary work. Read the words below

Architecture is the art of construction and erection of buildings.

To erect – to build, to construct.

Sculpture - view visual arts, whose works have a volumetric, three dimensional shape.

Intricate – complex, intricate, original.

High relief is a sculptural image that protrudes above the background plane by more than half of its volume, a convex wall sculpture.

Ornament is a pattern consisting of rhythmically ordered elements.

Architect - architect, builder.

Architecture is the art of architecture and construction.

Apotheosis is glorification, exaltation of someone or something.

Allegory is an allegory.

Monument – big monument.

Monumental – majestic, impressing with its size and power.

A pedestal is the basis of a monument, column, or statue.

Pedestal - the base of a statue.

Attraction - a place or thing that deserves special attention due to some of its qualities.

Art – 1. creative reflection, reproduction of reality in artistic images; 2. Skill, skill, knowledge of the matter.

Skillful - skillful, knowing his job well.

Make up and write down sentences with 2-3 words.

Working with the text “Arc de Triomphe”. Read it. Determine the topic of the text and the correspondence between the topic and the title. Determine the type of speech in this text. Which sentences in the last paragraph are chained together? Write them out. What means of communication are used in these sentences? Explain the meaning of the wordsGaul, "twelve tongues."

Triumphal Arch.

The row of tall buildings on Kutuzovsky Prospekt ends, around the bend a wide square suddenly appears, and in the center of the square is the Triumphal Arch...

This solemnly majestic arch, 28 meters high, was built according to the design of the famous Russian architect Osip Bove in 1827-1834 in honor of the victory of the Russian people in the Patriotic War of 1812. The authors of the sculptures are Ivan Vitali and Ivan Timofeev.

When creating the project for the Arc de Triomphe, Beauvais dreamed of installing them at Poklonnaya Gora, from where Napoleon looked at the city spread out in front of him. Then the emperor did not yet know that the capture of Moscow was not the apotheosis of his glory, but the beginning of the complete defeat of his army of thousands...

But the “city fathers” decided to install the arch not on the old Smolensk road, but at the Tverskaya outpost, and there it stood for almost a hundred years, increasingly interfering with street traffic.

And so in 1968, the beautiful creation of Osip Bove was restored and moved to Kutuzovsky Prospekt, to Victory Square, as if specially created for him, where the “Battle of Borodino” panorama had already been built.

The Arc de Triomphe opens up to your eyes unexpectedly. At its top is the cast-iron chariot of Glory, in which the Goddess of Victory proudly stands. The facades of the arch are lined with white stone; 12-meter cast iron columns stand out against its background. Along the perimeter of the cornice there are 48 coats of arms of Russian provinces, the population of which fought with Napoleonic army. The monument is decorated with bronze high reliefs “The Expulsion of the Gauls from Moscow”, “The Slaying of the Twelve Tongues”, and “Liberated Moscow”. Between them are figures of stern warriors in armor, allegorical female figures, symbolizing firmness, courage and glory. (According to Ya. Biletsky).

Retelling the text according to plan, “in a chain”: each student tells one point of the plan.

Plan for a detailed retelling.

In which district of Moscow is the Arc de Triomphe located?

In honor of what event was it built?

Where did the author plan to place his work and why?

Where was the arch originally installed?

What is depicted on its top?

What else is the monument decorated with?

Oral description of the illustration.

An example of a description of the Arc de Triomphe based on an illustration.

Triumphal Arch.

The Arc de Triomphe looks like a majestic structure rising on Victory Square. The vast space of the square highlights the monument, emphasizing its grandeur and grandeur. The arch gives the impression of solemnity and power. Its top is decorated with the cast-iron chariot of Glory, harnessed to six horses. The chariot is driven by the Goddess of Victory, holding it at arm's length Laurel wreath, symbolizing victory. The white stone cladding contrasts with the black cast-iron columns, sculptures of warriors and high reliefs located in the niches. The cornice is decorated with forty-eight coats of arms of Russian provinces. Allegorical female figures symbolize power, strength, courage, and the glory of Russian weapons.

The triumphal arch, despite the fact that Victory Square is bordered by tall buildings, does not lose its majesty and dominates the space surrounding it.

Commentary on the comparison of the description with the text of the exercise.

Samples of descriptions of architectural monuments.

Read and answer the questions orally: 1) Where and when was the monument to A.S. Pushkin erected in the city on the Neva? 2) Who is its author? 3) How is the poet depicted? 4) What style does this text belong to?

In 1935 great city on the Neva solemnly celebrated its 250th anniversary. On the eve of the holiday, a monument to A.S. Pushkin was unveiled on the Arts Square.

The author of this wonderful work is the famous Russian architect M.K. Anikushin. The artist showed Pushkin enthusiastically and passionately reading his poems. We see a lively sharp gaze, a high forehead, a clearly defined line of lips. Slender lines of the figure, slightly raised head, especially the gesture right hand, the turn of the brush, the fingers - everything emphasizes the poet’s inspiration.

The sculpture is installed on a pedestal made of red granite. The monument stands in greenery, surrounded by majestic buildings of the Pushkin era: the Russian Museum, the Museum of Ethnography, Maly Opera theatre, Philharmonic.

(According to L. Simonenko.)

Temple-monument St. Basil's in Moscow. Read the text. Title the text. Determine the style and type of speech of the text. Make a plan, reflecting micro-topics in each paragraph.

In October 1552, Moscow witnessed a previously unprecedented national celebration. Troops led by Ivan the Terrible returned from under the walls of Kazan, which had been taken by storm. In commemoration of this great victory The tsar decided to build a monument temple in Moscow. Two years later, construction of the stone Cathedral of the Intercession began. Later it was named St. Basil's Cathedral, after the holy fool buried near its walls.

This amazing building amazes with its originality. An extraordinary flower of its bizarre shapes, united by a central tent, not only resembles the multi-domed group of Kremlin cathedrals, but also hovers over the wide expanse of the square. The cathedral consists of nine pillars surrounding the ninth. The temple pillars stand on a wide basement with a complex star-shaped outline. This unprecedentedly elegant, festive structure looks like a giant plant or flowering bush.

The central temple is crowned with a tent; the chapels, located at the cardinal points, are tower-shaped, somewhat reminiscent of the bell tower of Ivan the Great. When walking around the temple, a slender, grandiose pyramid of the temple, topped with a tent, along the edges of which gilded spirals run upward, grows in front of the viewer, then its tower-like volumes growing upwards become more distinct. Intricate details give the temple an elegant and fabulous view. Undoubtedly, this temple embodies folk ideas about the great poetic beauty of architecture.

The names of the creators of St. Basil's were forgotten over time, and only at the end of the 19th century were ancient manuscripts discovered telling about many details of the construction of the temple, including about its builders - Barma and Postnik, talented Russian architects. Legend has it that after construction was completed, Ivan the Terrible asked the architects if they could build another temple exactly like this. They replied that they could. And then the king ordered them to be blinded so that no rival to his temple could arise.

Read a fragment of D. Kedrin’s poem “Architects”. Compare two texts describing the same monument. Find words in the text that are architectural terms. Name synonyms for the word architect.

Paperwork. Description of the architectural monument of the native village.

Base your description on the following questions:

For what reason was the monument erected?

Where it is located?

What's special about it? What attracts you?

What impression does it make on the beholder? Do you like this monument?

Triumphal Arch on Kutuzovsky Prospekt. Author I.S. Burov. Moscow. 1984Photo: Main Archive Department of Moscow

The Triumphal Gate on Victory Square is one of the most recognizable landmarks of the capital. This is also a reminder of an important page. Russian history- Patriotic War of 1812. And there are few old-timers left who saw the majestic structure in a completely different place...

Triumphal Gate at Tverskaya Zastava

In the summer of 1814, a wooden Triumphal Arch appeared on Tverskaya Zastava Square - it honored the Russian army, which was returning from Europe after the defeat of Napoleon. The location was not chosen by chance: usually it was here, at the entrance to the city, that Moscow mayors, nobles and honorary citizens met the emperor arriving from the Northern capital. This road later became known as the St. Petersburg (now Leningrad) Highway - it was opened in 1822.

The arch itself was also made in best traditions- many similar structures were built along the path of Russian soldiers.

In 1826, Nicholas I decided that the memory of the victory deserved something more lasting and ordered the wooden gates to be replaced with stone ones. The famous architect Osip Bova was commissioned to create them. Construction began three years later, and ended after another five: according to some sources, the treasury did not have enough funds - the city continued to be revived after the great fire of 1812; according to others, the work was slowed down by Moscow officials, who for some reason did not like the project.

In September 1834 it finally took place Grand opening monument. Alas, the author did not live several months to this moment, and his younger brother Mikhail Bove completed the construction of the gate. The structure at the intersection of architecture and sculpture turned out to be truly majestic: six pairs of columns framed high pedestals with powerful figures of ancient warriors in pointed helmets and plate armor. On the decorated frieze were the coats of arms of 36 Russian provinces, whose residents participated in the Patriotic War of 1812, and medallions with the monogram of Nicholas I. The arch was crowned by the chariot of Glory, standing in which six horses of Nike, the winged goddess of victory, ruled. The pediment on both sides was decorated with an inscription (facing inside the city - in Russian, outside - in Latin), glorifying Alexander I as the savior of the Fatherland.

The troubled fate of the monument

In 1872, a horse-drawn line from Tverskaya Zastava to Voskresenskaya Square (now Revolution Square) passed under the gate. In 1899, it was replaced by the city's first electric tram, launched from Strastnaya Square (now Pushkinskaya) to Petrovsky Park. Intense traffic could not but affect the condition of the monument, and on the centennial anniversary of the Battle of Borodino, the gate underwent its first restoration - cosmetic for now. The next repair took place already at Soviet power, in the mid-1920s.

In 1936, Tverskaya Zastava began to be rebuilt in accordance with the General Plan for the reconstruction of Moscow, accepted year previously. The triumphal gate was dismantled, with plans to later return it to its original location after careful restoration. During dismantling, specialists from the Museum of Architecture named after A.V. Shchusev measured the parameters of the structure, drew up detailed drawings of the tiers and photographed the arch from all sides. Most of the elements were cleaned and updated, and then sent for storage to a branch of the museum on the territory of the Donskoy Monastery. They fit quite organically into general composition: figures of warriors lined up along the central alley, high reliefs were placed in wall niches, and the chariot of Glory was installed on a special pedestal.

The restoration of the gates was not postponed indefinitely - it was pushed back by the Great Patriotic War, after which the capital, like the entire country, was essentially rebuilt. The elements in the Donskoy Monastery were patiently waiting in the wings. Much less fortunate, for example, were the cast iron columns: they lay on Miusskaya Square for several years, and then they were melted down for military needs - only one of the twelve survived. It seemed that the monument was destined for oblivion as one of many “relics of the past”...

Arches and gates: a look into history

Triumphal gates have come to us from time immemorial: classical examples - the arches of the emperors Titus, Septimius Severus and Constantine in Ancient Rome. They served as a standard for the construction of triumphal arches in Paris under Napoleon, and the gates at the Tverskaya Zastava, like the Narva Gate in St. Petersburg (also opened in 1834), became a kind of “symmetrical response” to Russia.

It is believed that Peter I brought the ancient tradition to Russia: in 1696, he built a triumphal gate in honor of the capture of Azov, and in 1709, on his orders, seven arches were erected at once in honor of the celebration of the victory near Poltava. All of them, although skillfully decorated with paintings, statues and allegorical figures, were temporary, mostly made of wood. Usually they were dismantled at the end of the celebrations or later, when they became dilapidated; often the arches burned down in a fire.

The first capital structure in this series was the Red Gate, built in 1753 under Elizaveta Petrovna on the site of a wooden arch. They tried to demolish them in the middle XIX century, and in 1927 they destroyed it to expand the Garden Ring. The name of the monument was preserved in the toponym of the square, and in 1935 a metro station of the same name opened here.

However, triumphal arches also have another “relative”, which is not necessarily associated with victories, but marks the central, ceremonial entrance to the city and most often speaks of its capital status - we are talking about the Golden Gate. In Rus' they first appeared in Kyiv under Yaroslav the Wise (11th century); they were modeled after the Byzantine arch of Emperor Constantine. Later, the Golden Gate was erected in other cities to show their greatness, for example in Vladimir (12th century).

Another analogue of triumphal arches is the Royal Doors in Christian churches. They also inherit the ancient tradition: in Ancient Rome, the two-faced Janus was responsible for any gates and doors - a deity who looks simultaneously forward and backward, into the future and the past, and connects different worlds. It was in his honor that the month that begins the year was named January. In the temple, the Royal Doors symbolize the transition from the earthly city to the heavenly city, in other words, the entrance to heaven. In addition, according to some studies, in the era of classicism (late XVIII - early XIX century) iconostasis in the form of triumphal arches spread.

In general, the Soviet government had reason to be skeptical about the bright symbol of imperial greatness, which was also indirectly connected with religion.

Recreating the Triumphal Gate: new place, new meaning

Victory in the Great Patriotic War made it possible to reconsider ideological positions. In May 1947, a wide carved arch with traditional Russian patterns rose on Pushkin Square; in the evenings it was illuminated by colorful lights. This was not just an entrance to the first post-war Spring Bazaar fair, but a symbolic transition from a time of famine and devastation to an era of abundance and prosperity.

In the early 1950s, large-scale, truly triumphal gates appeared at the main entrance of the Central Park of Culture and Leisure named after Gorky and VDNKh, which was then the main platform for mass festivities.

And in 1965, the Council of Ministers of the USSR finally recognized the great artistic value and socio-historical significance of the Triumphal Gate and ordered its restoration. But they no longer fit into the ensemble of the square near the Belorussky Station, and they found a new one appropriate place— on Kutuzovsky Prospekt, opposite the “Battle of Borodino” panorama.

Strictly speaking, the structure was not restored, but recreated: 30 years after dismantling, many parts were lost or became unusable. Apparently, this is why the restorers decided not to touch the reliefs and statues preserved on the territory of the Donskoy Monastery. Using drawings and photographs from 1936, as well as the author’s copy of the arch, which was kept in the Museum of Architecture, all elements were made anew. For example, cast iron columns were made at the Stankolit plant, and sculptures, coats of arms and high reliefs were made at the Mytishchi artistic casting plant.

There were some transformations: the base of the structure became reinforced concrete, and not brick, as in the original; Instead of white facing stone, granite and gray Crimean limestone were used. The inscriptions on the memorial plaques also changed: the mention of Alexander I was removed, but lines from Kutuzov’s address to the army were quoted. This is clearly a key point - the people, not the emperor, were recognized as the savior of the Fatherland. In addition, the Triumphal Gate was no longer a travel gate: it was installed on an island in the middle of the avenue, leveling a small hill, and underground pedestrian crossings were installed on both sides of the highway.

The grand opening was timed, as expected, to coincide with the revolutionary holiday: the ceremony took place on November 6, 1968. And eight years later, on the 30th anniversary of the end of the Great Patriotic War, the area around the Triumphal Gate was called Victory Square. The military memorial complex and Victory Park, which later grew on Poklonnaya Hill, helped the recreated monument, sharing with it a heavy double load.

Arches of the new century: restoration and reconstruction

Time flies quickly and does not spare even stone and cast iron. IN beginning of XXI century, experts noted that the Triumphal Gate needed restoration, and it was carried out in 2012, on the 200th anniversary of the Patriotic War of 1812. Not only the arch itself was improved, but also the area around it: landscapers laid out new flower beds, and engineers redid the artistic lighting system. The updated monument became one of the gifts to Muscovites.

The jury of the Moscow Restoration competition awarded several prizes for the work on updating the monument. Awards were given in seven categories at once, including best project and for high quality executed works.

Moreover, on the 18th International exhibition on restoration, protection of monuments and urban renewal, carried out under the patronage of UNESCO in Germany, the award was received by the stand of the Moscow Government, where the restoration of the Arc de Triomphe was first presented.

Used sources

1. Kraevsky B.P. Triumphal Gate. - M.: Moscow worker, 1984.
2. Kharitonova E.V. Triumphal Gates of the Capital // Moscow Journal. - 2012. - No. 5 (257). — P. 91-96.
3. Mikhailov K.P. Moscow, which we lost. - M.: Eksmo, 2010.
4. Posternak K.V. Heterodox borrowings in Russian church interiors of Peter’s time // Bulletin of PSTGU. Series V. Questions of the history and theory of Christian art. — 2015. — Issue. 3 (19). — P. 102-119.

Moscow Triumphal Gate - triumphal arch in Moscow, built in honor of the victory of the Russian people in the Patriotic War of 1812. As a rule, Muscovites do not use the full name of the monument and simply call it the Arc de Triomphe.

Triumphal Arch - restored monument: it was originally erected in 1829-1834 according to the project Osipa Bove on Tverskaya Zastava Square, then dismantled in 1936 during the reconstruction of the square and rebuilt in 1966-1968 on Kutuzovsky Prospekt near Poklonnaya Mountain.

Triumphal Arch at Tverskaya Zastava

In 1814, when Russian and allied troops entered Paris and peace was achieved, Russian cities began to prepare to welcome troops returning from France. Along their route, triumphal gates were erected in cities, and Moscow was no exception: near the Tverskaya Zastava, where the emperor was traditionally greeted with honors, they began to erect a temporary triumphal arch made of wood.

In 1826, Emperor Nicholas I ordered the construction of the Triumphal Gate in Moscow as a monument to the victory of Russian weapons, similar to the Narva Triumphal Gate, which was being built at that time in St. Petersburg. The development of the project was entrusted to a prominent Russian architect Osip Bova; the master developed it the same year, but the need to redevelop the area slowed down the process, and the project required changes.

The triumphal gate according to Beauvais’ new design was built in 1829-1834, with a bronze foundation slab and a handful of silver rubles “for good luck” laid at the base - which, by the way, did not help at all: construction was delayed for 5 years due to lack of funds. The sculptural design of the arch was performed by sculptors Ivan Vitali And Ivan Timofeev, who worked from Beauvais' drawings. The columns and sculptures were cast from cast iron, and the gate itself was erected from white stone from the village of Tartarovo (“Tartarov marble”) and stone from the dismantled Samotechny Canal.

On the attic of the gate there was an inscription (in Russian and Latin on different sides):

In 1899, the first line in Moscow passed right under the arch. electric tram, and in 1912 and in the 1920s they were even cleaned and restored.

Unfortunately, in 1936, according to the General Plan for the Reconstruction of Moscow, the gates were dismantled to reconstruct the square. Initially, they were planned to be restored near their original location, so during dismantling they took careful measurements and preserved some sculptural and architectural elements, but in the end they did not restore the gates.

Triumphal Arch on Kutuzovsky Prospekt

In the 1960s, taking into account the artistic value and historical significance of the gate, it was decided to return to the idea of ​​restoring it, and in 1966-1968 a copy of it was built on Kutuzovsky Prospekt near Poklonnaya Gora and the Battle of Borodino Panorama Museum.

The project was carried out under the leadership of the architect-restorer Vladimir Libson by a group of architects (I. Ruben, G. Vasilyeva, D. Kulchinsky). During the construction, drawings and measurements made during the dismantling of the gate were used, as well as the author’s model of the structure provided by the Museum of Architecture.

Generally Triumphal Arch on Kutuzovsky Prospekt is an external copy of its predecessor, but with a number of design changes: instead of brick, reinforced concrete was used in the construction of the walls, vaults and basement, the white stone was replaced with Crimean limestone, and it was decided not to restore the guardhouses and gratings. The surviving sculptures and design details were not used, and everything was cast from cast iron anew. In addition, the texts on the attic were changed - instead of words about Emperor Alexander I, lines from Mikhail Kutuzov’s order to Russian soldiers and an excerpt from the inscription on the mortgage board of 1829 appeared there:

In 2012, the Arc de Triomphe was restored in preparation for the celebrations of the 200th anniversary of the Russian Victory in the Patriotic War of 1812.

The Arc de Triomphe was placed in a park divided between oncoming lanes of Kutuzovsky Prospekt. In 1975, in honor of the 30th anniversary of Victory in the Great Patriotic War, this square became known as Victory Square.

To date Triumphal Arch has become one of the recognizable symbols of Moscow: views of the monument are decorated with popular postcards and calendars, the arch is depicted in artists’ paintings and a large number of souvenirs with its image are produced.

You can get to the Arc de Triomphe on foot from the metro station "Victory Park" Arbatsko-Pokrovskaya line.

Address: France, Paris, Place Charles de Gaulle (Place des Stars)
Start of construction: 1806
Completion of construction: 1836
Architect: Jean Chalgrin
Height: 49.51 m.
Width: 44.82 m.
Coordinates: 48°52′26″N 2°17′41″E

The Arc de Triomphe in Paris is one of greatest monuments history and architecture, which any more or less literate inhabitant of our planet knows about.

It is located in the legendary eighth arrondissement of the French capital, on a square called Place Charles de Gaulle, or Place des Stars. If we look at these two names, it becomes clear that one of them was given to the square in honor of the great commander of the Second World War, but the Square of the Star was named because of the twelve even rays of avenues that diverge from it in different directions of Paris. One of these twelve avenues is the famous Champs Elysees.

View of the Arc de Triomphe in Paris

The Arc de Triomphe in Paris was built over 30 years from 1806 to 1836. Its construction began on the orders of the greatest French conqueror and strategist Napoleon Bonaparte. Paris was supposed to become a symbol of the great victories of the emperor and the man who “redrew” the map of the Old World along with his fearless army. True, Napoleon made the decision to build the arch back in 1805, inspired by his own talent as a military strategist, who helped him win a difficult victory in the Battle of Austerlitz. The project for the future historical monument was developed by the architect Jean Chalgrin, who, alas, was not able to see his brainchild with his own eyes: he died back in 1811. However, the great Arc de Triomphe, which is one of the main attractions of Paris, immortalized his name for posterity.

Arc de Triomphe... People have been accustomed to this name for a long time. By the way, Paris is not the only city where you can see a triumphal arch.

Bird's eye view of the Arc de Triomphe

There are quite a few of them, however, they are not as famous as the one located in the center of the “12 Ultimate Star" Let's be honest, not everyone knows the origin of the word “triumph”: where it first appeared, what it means, and why the arch in Paris is called Triumphal. The word "triumph" comes from Latin language, and became widespread in the Great Roman Empire. Triumph meant the entry of the great commander and his army into the capital in victory.

Moreover, the victory had to be won unconditionally, quickly and with the least losses for triumph. Triumph is also the most precious reward for a commander, without which he could not call himself and his legion great. Only after his Triumph was Gaius Julius Caesar taken seriously by the people and recognized as a great emperor. It is from the times of the Roman Empire that the word “triumph” dates back to its history, and the arches through which commanders and their armies passed began to be called triumphal.

View of the Arc de Triomphe from Avenue de la Grande-Arme

History of the Arc de Triomphe in Paris

As mentioned above, the architect Jean Chalgrin, who developed the design of the Arc de Triomphe, died almost immediately after laying the foundation of the future structure. The construction of the structure was constantly suspended, as the emperor began to suffer defeats on the battlefields. It is for this reason that the arch took so long to build.

Napoleon himself did not live to see his great Triumph: all work on the arch was completed in 1836, already at that time Louis Philippe ruled France. The work was led by a new architect, Abel Blouet. However, the dream of the great warrior, or, as many call him, the tyrant, nevertheless came true. In December 1840, a cortege passed under the arches carrying a coffin containing the remains of Napoleon Bonaparte, who died far from Paris on the island of St. Helena in early May 1821. Not only Napoleon was awarded this honor: under the arches designed to celebrate the Triumph, coffins with the bodies of Victor Hugo, Gambetta, Lazare Carnot and other equally famous personalities later stopped.

Arc de Triomphe in Paris side view

The Arc de Triomphe in Paris, alas, became a symbol of triumph not only for outstanding military commanders, writers and rulers of France. In 1940, a procession passed through the Arc de Triomphe fascist invaders, to which Paris surrendered almost without resistance in order to somehow preserve priceless historical and architectural monuments. Hitler knew very well the meaning of the word “triumph” and what the legendary Arc de Triomphe and the Champs Elysees meant to the French.

The dictator and evil genius of the 20th century ordered his army to march ostentatiously through the Arc de Triomphe and then march in victory along the Champs-Élysées. Thus, the Nazis once again enjoyed their own triumph, for which millions of people had to pay with their lives. But this is already a story that, by the way, Parisians do not like to remember, because for them that parade was nothing more than humiliation and shame.

Sculptural group from the side of Avenue de la Grande-Arme “The World of 1815” by sculptor Antoine Etex

Arc de Triomphe today

If we look at the Arc de Triomphe in Paris today, we can see a majestic structure, the height of which reaches almost 50 meters and the width of 44.82 meters. However, these dry numbers, naturally, cannot convey all the majesty and beauty of the arch. The architect's project was brought to life in an antique style. Glory and triumph are symbolized by beautiful maidens with wings who blow fanfares.

These sculptures on the arch were made by the architect Jean-Jacques Pradier, born in Switzerland, who at one time was awarded the Rome Prize for his achievements not only in sculpture, but also in painting. On the arch you can also see a sculpture called “Marseillaise”, which symbolizes the protest of volunteers against the Prussian army, which captured Lorraine. The “Triumph of 1810” also attracts attention - this sculpture by Cortot, dedicated to the signing of the Peace of Vienna in 1815. The arch is decorated with both the “Peace” and “Resistance” sculptures, owned by Etex.

Sculptural group from the Champs Elysees side “Marseillaise” by sculptor Rud

The last sculptor is known only in narrow circles; he, alas, never received world recognition, although his creations adorn the legendary Arc de Triomphe in Paris.

A tourist viewing the arch will certainly see on its walls the names of the bloody battles that were won by France in different times. The names of the greatest French commanders are forever engraved on it. The arch itself is surrounded by one hundred pedestals connected to each other by heavy chains made of durable cast iron. This is not just a decoration or a fence for a Paris landmark.

It is one hundred pedestals that are intended to symbolize the “hundred greatest days” of the reign of the empire of Napoleon Bonaparte. In the arch itself there is also an interesting, albeit small, building in which the museum is located: in it, the visitor can get acquainted with the history of construction and learn about the triumphal processions that took place under the Arc de Triomphe.

Sculptural group from the Champs Elysees side “Triumph of 1810” by sculptor Cortot

Even if you get acquainted with the Arc de Triomphe in Paris without the help of a guide, it is impossible not to pay attention to the grave under its arches. It is not the greatest ruler or commander who is buried there: in 1921, an ordinary ordinary soldier was buried there, who died on the battlefield during the First World War, whose name still remains unknown. To all visitors of the greatest architectural monument It is proposed to climb the arch, from which you can enjoy the panorama of Paris. Naturally, the view from a 50-meter height cannot be compared with what can be seen from the Eiffel Tower, but it can delight any tourist. A traveler who comes to Paris for impressions should definitely know that the best way to get to the Arc de Triomphe is through numerous underground passages, since the flow of vehicles near it does not stop even late at night. You can climb the arch any day of the week; it is open for tourists from 10 a.m. to 11 p.m. However, to familiarize yourself with it you will have to pay a small fee of 10 euros.

Triumphal arches, as monuments to heroic events, are installed in many Russian cities. There are many of them in Europe, as well as in Asian countries. We know about very original triumphal arches.

The most beautiful triumphal arches in Russia

Not all triumphal arches have survived to this day, since some were built of wood, and some were simply destroyed or dismantled. According to the surviving drawings in last years restored once destroyed arches in a number of Russian cities.

Arch on Kutuzovsky Prospekt in Moscow

In 1936, this beautiful triumphal arch was dismantled, and for almost thirty years it was in one of the branches of the Shchusev Museum. Only in 1966 did they begin a new construction, but in a different place - on Kutuzovsky Prospekt.

The location for this beautiful arch was not chosen by chance. Kutuzovsky Prospekt was formerly called Smolenskaya Road. It was along this road that the defeated Napoleon left Moscow.

Novocherkassk triumphal arches

During the Soviet period, these arches came under an unspoken ban, when it was forbidden to mention their purpose. Only recently the northern arch was restored, but the second one is still in a deplorable state. Its restoration is still only in plans.

Alexander's Triumphal Arch (Krasnodar)

In 2006, city residents decided to restore the historical building. Two years later, construction was completed. Now the arch stands on Krasnaya Street. Unfortunately, it was not possible to install it in its original place.

The most beautiful triumphal arches in the world

Arch Brandenburg Gate (Berlin)

The Berlin Wall during the years cold war they began to build precisely from this famous arch. In 1989, after the destruction of the wall, Germans moved from one part of divided Germany to another.

Arc de Triomphe in Paris

The height of the triumphal arch is fifty meters. It depicts significant battles and campaigns for the French army.

India Gate Arch (New Delhi)

The author of the object is Markus Jeschaunig. He created this arch as part of the Lendwirbel festival held in Austria. The goal is to draw attention to the fact that while people in many countries are starving, European society is getting rid of tons of food every day, including bread.

There are triumphal arches in many, but still not in all major cities peace. And on the website the site presents a rating of the most beautiful metropolises.
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