Make a table genre definition example. How to define and what is the concept of genre in literature

Instructions

Study the epic genre of literature. It includes the following: - story: a relatively small prose work (from 1 to 20 pages) describing an incident, a small incident or an acute dramatic situation in which the hero finds himself. The action of the story usually takes no more than one or two days in duration. The location of the action may not change throughout the story;
- story: a sufficient work (on average 100 pages), where from 1 to 10 characters are considered. The location may change. The validity period can cover a significant period, from one month to a year or more. The story in the story unfolds vividly in time and space. Significant changes may occur in the lives of the characters - moves, and meetings;
- novel: large epic form from 200 pages. A novel can trace the lives of characters from birth to death. Includes an extensive system of storylines. Time can touch past eras and carry far into the future;
- an epic novel can examine the life of several generations.

Familiarize yourself with the lyrical genre of literature. It includes the following genres:
- ode: a poetic form whose theme is the glorification of a person or event;
- satire: a poetic form that aims to ridicule any vice, situation or person worthy of ridicule
- sonnet: a poetic form that has a strict compositional structure. For example, the English model of a sonnet, which at its end has two obligatory stanzas containing some kind of aphorism;
- the following poetic genres are also known: elegy, epigram, free verse, haiku, etc.

The following genres belong to the dramatic genre of literature: - tragedy: a dramatic work in the finale of which there is the death of the hero. Such a ending for a tragedy is the only possible resolution of a dramatic situation;
- Comedy: a dramatic work in which the main meaning and essence is laughter. It may be satirical or kinder in nature, but every incident in a comedy makes the viewer/reader laugh;
- drama: a dramatic work in the center of which is the inner world of a person, the problem of choice, the search for truth. Drama is the most common genre nowadays.

The ancient genres that had developed before this turn were then energetically rethought under its influence.

Notes

List of literary genres

According to form
- Short story
by content

Literature

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See what “Literary genre” is in other dictionaries:

NOVEL (French roman, German Roman; English novel/romance; Spanish novela, Italian romanzo), the central genre (see GENRE) of European literature of the New Time (see NEW TIME (in history)), fictional, in difference from the neighboring genre of the story (see... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

Elegy (έλεγεία) is a lyrical poem of a sad, thoughtful mood: this is the content that is now usually put into a word that had a different meaning in previous poetics. Its etymology is controversial: it is derived from the supposed refrain έ λέγε ... Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron

Currently, the most popular and richest form of literary works, reflecting modern life with all the variety of issues that concern it. To achieve such a universal meaning, the novel needed... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron

Lamentation is one of the ancient literary genres, characterized by lyrical and dramatic improvisation on the themes of misfortune, death, etc. It can be written in both poetry and prose. The style of crying is used, in particular, in some texts of the Bible... Wikipedia

- (poetic) a certain type of literary work. The main genres can be considered epic, lyrical and dramatic, but it would be more accurate to apply this term to their individual varieties, such as an adventure novel, a clownish comedy... Literary encyclopedia

Genre- GENRE (poetic) a certain type of literary work. The main genres can be considered epic, lyrical and dramatic, but it would be more correct to apply this term to their individual varieties, such as the adventure novel,... ... Dictionary of literary terms

- (historical and special used in cinema) a completed film-dramatic work. It must contain a complete, consistent and specific description of the plot, consisting of developed scenes and episodes, dialogues and reveal images... ... Wikipedia

GENRE- literary (from the French genre genus, type), historically developing type of literary work (novel, poem, ballad, etc.); the theoretical concept of painting generalizes the features characteristic of a more or less extensive group of works... ... Literary encyclopedic dictionary

Genre is a type of literary work. There are epic, lyrical, dramatic genres. There are also lyric epic genres. Genres are also divided by volume into large (including Romani and epic novels), medium (literary works of “medium size” - stories and poems), small (short story, novella, essay). They have genres and thematic divisions: adventure novel, psychological novel, sentimental, philosophical, etc. The main division is related to the types of literature. We present to your attention the genres of literature in the table.

The thematic division of genres is rather arbitrary. There is no strict classification of genres by topic. For example, if they talk about the genre and thematic diversity of lyrics, they usually single out love, philosophical, and landscape lyrics. But, as you understand, the variety of lyrics is not exhausted by this set.

If you set out to study the theory of literature, it is worth mastering the groups of genres:

epic, that is, prose genres (epic novel, novel, story, short story, short story, parable, fairy tale);
lyrical, that is, poetic genres (lyric poem, elegy, message, ode, epigram, epitaph),
dramatic – types of plays (comedy, tragedy, drama, tragicomedy),
lyroepic (ballad, poem).

Literary genres in tables

Epic genres

Epic novel

Epic novel- a novel depicting folk life in critical historical eras. “War and Peace” by Tolstoy, “Quiet Don” by Sholokhov.
Novel

Novel– a multi-issue work depicting a person in the process of his formation and development. The action in the novel is full of external or internal conflicts. By topic there are: historical, satirical, fantastic, philosophical, etc. By structure: novel in verse, epistolary novel, etc.
Tale

Tale- an epic work of medium or large form, constructed in the form of a narrative about events in their natural sequence. Unlike the novel, in P. the material is presented chronically, there is no sharp plot, there is no cunning analysis of the feelings of the characters. P. does not pose tasks of a global historical nature.
Story

Story– small epic form, a small work with a limited number of characters. In R. most often one problem is posed or one event is described. The novella differs from R. in its unexpected ending.
Parable

Parable- moral teaching in allegorical form. A parable differs from a fable in that it draws its artistic material from human life. Example: Gospel parables, the parable of the righteous land, told by Luke in the play “At the Bottom.”

Lyrical genres

Lyric poem

Lyric poem- a small form of poetry, written either on behalf of the author or on behalf of a fictional lyrical character. Description of the inner world of the lyrical hero, his feelings, emotions.
Elegy

Elegy- a poem imbued with moods of sadness and sadness. As a rule, the content of elegies consists of philosophical reflections, sad thoughts, and grief.
Message

Message- a poetic letter addressed to a person. According to the content of the message, there are friendly, lyrical, satirical, etc. The message may be addressed to one person or group of people.
Epigram

Epigram- a poem that makes fun of a specific person. Characteristic features are wit and brevity.
Oh yeah

Oh yeah- a poem distinguished by solemnity of style and sublimity of content. Praise in verse.
Sonnet

Sonnet– a solid poetic form, usually consisting of 14 verses (lines): 2 quatrains (2 rhymes) and 2 tercet tercets

Dramatic genres

Comedy

Comedy- a type of drama in which characters, situations and actions are presented in funny forms or imbued with the comic. There are satirical comedies ("The Minor", "The Inspector General"), high comedies ("Woe from Wit") and lyrical ones ("The Cherry Orchard").
Tragedy

Tragedy- a work based on an irreconcilable conflict in life, leading to the suffering and death of the heroes. William Shakespeare's play "Hamlet".
Drama

Drama- a play with an acute conflict, which, unlike the tragic one, is not so sublime, more mundane, ordinary and can be resolved one way or another. The drama is based on modern rather than ancient material and establishes a new hero who rebelled against circumstances.

Lyric epic genres

(intermediate between epic and lyric)

Poem

Poem- an average lyric-epic form, a work with a plot-narrative organization, in which not one, but a whole series of experiences are embodied. Features: the presence of a detailed plot and at the same time close attention to the inner world of the lyrical hero - or an abundance of lyrical digressions. Poem “Dead Souls” by N.V. Gogol
Ballad

Ballad- a medium lyric-epic form, a work with an unusual, intense plot. This is a story in verse. A story, told in poetic form, of a historical, mythical or heroic nature. The plot of a ballad is usually borrowed from folklore. Ballads “Svetlana”, “Lyudmila” V.A. Zhukovsky

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There are quite a large number of literary genres. Each of them is distinguished by a set of formal and substantive properties unique to it. Also Aristotle, who lived in the 4th century BC. presented their first systematization. According to it, literary genres represented a specific system that was fixed once and for all. The author’s task was only to find a correspondence between his work and the properties of his chosen genre. And over the next two millennia, any changes in the classification created by Aristotle were perceived as deviations from the standards. It was only at the end of the 18th century that literary evolution and the associated decomposition of the established genre system, as well as the influence of completely new cultural and social circumstances, negated the influence of normative poetics and allowed literary thought to develop, move forward and expand. The prevailing conditions were the reason why some genres simply sank into oblivion, others found themselves in the center of the literary process, and some began to appear. We can see the results of this process (certainly not final) today - many literary genres, differing in type (epic, lyrical, dramatic), in content (comedy, tragedy, drama) and other criteria. In this article we will talk about what genres there are in form.

Literary genres by form

In form, literary genres are as follows: essay, epic, epic, sketch, novel, short story (short story), play, story, essay, opus, ode and visions. Below is a detailed description of each of them.

Essay

An essay is a prose composition characterized by a small volume and free composition. It is recognized to reflect the author’s personal impressions or thoughts on any matter, but is not required to provide an exhaustive answer to the question posed or fully disclose the topic. The style of the essay is characterized by associativity, aphorism, imagery and maximum proximity to the reader. Some researchers classify essays as a type of fiction. In the 18th-19th centuries, the essay as a genre dominated French and English journalism. And in the 20th century, the essay was recognized and actively used by the world's largest philosophers, prose writers and poets.

Epic

The epic is a heroic narrative about the events of the past, reflecting the life of the people and representing the epic reality of heroic heroes. Usually, an epic tells about a person, about the events in which he took part, about how he behaved and what he felt, and also talks about his attitude towards the world around him and the phenomena in it. The ancestors of the epic are considered to be ancient Greek folk poems and songs.

Epic

Epic refers to large works of an epic nature and similar ones. An epic is generally expressed in two forms: it can either be a narrative of significant historical events in prose or verse, or a long history of something in which descriptions of various events are included. The epic owes its emergence as a literary genre to epic songs composed in honor of the exploits of various heroes. It is worth noting that a special type of epic also stands out - the so-called “moral-descriptive epic”, distinguished by its prosaic orientation and description of the comic state of any national society.

Sketch

A sketch is a short play whose main characters are two (sometimes three) characters. Sketch is most common on the stage in the form of sketch shows, which are several comedy miniatures (“sketches”) lasting up to 10 minutes each. Sketch shows are most popular on television, especially in the US and UK. However, a small number of such humorous television programs are also aired in Russia (“Our Russia”, “Give Youth!” and others).

Novel

A novel is a special literary genre, characterized by a detailed narrative about the life and development of the main characters (or one character) in the most unusual and crisis periods of their lives. The variety of novels is so great that there are many independent branches of this genre. Novels can be psychological, moral, chivalric, Chinese classic, French, Spanish, American, English, German, Russian and others.

Story

A short story (also known as a short story) is the main genre in short narrative prose and is smaller in length than a novel or story. The roots of the novel go back to folklore genres (oral retellings, tales and parables). A story is characterized by having a small number of characters and one plot line. Often the stories of one author form a cycle of stories. The authors themselves are often called short story writers, and the collection of stories - short stories.

Play

A play is the name of dramatic works that are intended for stage performance, as well as radio and television plays. Usually the structure of the play includes monologues and dialogues of the characters and various author's notes indicating the places where the events take place, and sometimes describing the interiors of the premises, the appearance of the characters, their characters, manners, etc. In most cases, the play is preceded by a list of characters and their characteristics. The play consists of several acts, including smaller parts - pictures, episodes, actions.

Tale

A story is a literary genre of a prosaic nature. It does not have any specific volume, but is located between a novel and a story (short story), which it was considered to be until the 19th century. The plot of the story is most often chronological - it reflects the natural course of life, has no intrigue, and is focused on the main character and the peculiarities of his nature. Moreover, there is only one storyline. In foreign literature, the term “story” itself is synonymous with the term “short novel”.

Feature article

An essay is considered to be a small artistic description of the totality of any phenomena of reality, comprehended by the author. The basis of the essay is almost always the author’s direct study of the object of his observation. Therefore, the main feature is “writing from life.” It is important to say that while in other literary genres fiction may play a leading role, in the essay it is practically absent. There are several types of essays: portrait (about the personality of the hero and his inner world), problem (about a specific problem), travel (about travel and wanderings) and historical (about historical events).

Opus

An opus in its broad sense is any musical piece (instrumental, folk), characterized by internal completeness, motivation of the whole, individualization of form and content, in which the personality of the author is clearly visible. In the literary sense, an opus is any literary work or scientific work of any author.

Oh yeah

Ode is a lyrical genre expressed in the form of a solemn poem dedicated to a specific hero or event, or a separate work of the same focus. Initially (in Ancient Greece) ode was the name given to any poetic lyric (even choral singing) that accompanied music. But since the Renaissance, pompous lyrical works, in which examples of antiquity serve as a guide, began to be called odes.

Visions

Visions belong to the genre of medieval (Hebrew, Gnostic, Muslim, Old Russian, etc.) literature. At the center of the narrative is usually a “clairvoyant,” and the content is imbued with otherworldly, afterlife visual images that appear to the clairvoyant. The plot is narrated by a visionary - a person to whom it was revealed in hallucinations or dreams. Some authors of vision refer to journalism and narrative didactics, because in the Middle Ages, human interaction with the world of the unknown was precisely the way to convey some didactic content.

These are the main types of literary genres, differing in form. Their diversity tells us that literary creativity has been deeply valued by people at all times, but the process of the formation of these genres has always been long and complex. Each of the genres as such bears the imprint of a certain era and individual consciousness, each expressed in its ideas about the world and its manifestations, people and the characteristics of their personality. It is precisely due to the fact that there are so many genres and they are all different, any creative person had and has the opportunity to express himself in the form that more accurately reflects his mental organization.

The main genres of literature are groups of works that are identical formally and in style of presentation. Even in the time of Aristotle, literature was divided into genres; evidence of this is the Greek philosopher’s “Poetics,” a treatise on literary evolution written three hundred years before the birth of Christ.

in literature?

Literature dates back to biblical times; people have always written and read. containing at least some text is already literature, for what is written is a person’s thoughts, a reflection of his desires and aspirations. Reports, petitions, and church texts were written in abundance, and thus the first literary genre appeared - birch bark. With the development of writing, the genre of chronicle arose. Most often, what was written already bore some literary characteristics, elegant figures of speech, and figurative allegories.

The next genre of literature was epics, epic tales about heroes and other heroes of historical subjects. Religious literature, descriptions of biblical events, and the lives of the highest clergy can be considered separate.

The advent of printing in the 16th century marked the beginning of the rapid development of literature. Throughout the 17th century, styles and genres were formed.

18th century literature

To the question of what genres are, one can answer unequivocally that the literature of that time is conditionally divided into three main directions: drama, storytelling and poetic verses. Dramatic works often took the form of tragedy, when the heroes of the plot died, and the struggle between good and evil became increasingly deadly. Alas, the conditions of the literary market dictated its terms even then. The genre of calm storytelling also found its reader. Novels, novellas and short stories were considered the “middle level”, while tragedies, poems and odes belonged to the “high” genre of literature, and satirical works, fables and comedies - to the “low”.

Virshi is a primitive form of poetry that was in use at balls, social events and other events of the highest metropolitan nobility. Poems in the verse genre had signs of syllogistics; the verse was divided into rhythmic segments. The mechanical style, deadly for real poetry, dictated fashion for a long time.

Literature19-20 centuries

The literature of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th is distinguished by several genres, most in demand in the golden Pushkin-Gogol age, and then in the silver age of Alexander Blok and Sergei Yesenin. Drama, epic and lyricism - these are the genres in the literature of the past and the centuries before last.

The lyrics had to have an emotional connotation, be meaningful and purposeful. Its categories were ode and elegy, and ode - with enthusiastic surprise, glorification and elevation to the rank of heroes.

The lyrical elegy was built on the principle of the sad tonality of the verse, sadness, as a result of the hero’s experiences, regardless of what was the cause - or the disharmony of the universe.

What are genres in modern literature?

There are quite a lot of genres in modern literature, among them the most popular ones, in demand by a wide readership, can be identified:

Tragedy is a type of literary drama genre, characterized by extreme emotional tension, with the obligatory death of the heroes.
Comedy is another type of drama genre, the opposite of tragedy, with a funny plot and a happy ending.
The fairy tale genre is a literary direction for children and their creative development. There are many literary masterpieces in the genre.
Epic is a literary genre of a historical sense, describes individual events of past times in the style of heroism, and is distinguished by a large number of characters.
The novel genre is an extensive narrative, with several storylines, describing in detail the life of each character individually and all together, and is distinguished by a penchant for analyzing current events.
The story is a genre of medium form, written according to the same scheme as the novel, but in a more condensed context. In a story, one character is usually singled out as the main one, the rest are described in connection with him.
A story is a short-form narrative genre, a brief summary of one event. Its plot cannot have a continuation, it represents the quintessence of the author’s thoughts, and always has a completed form.
A short story is a genre similar to a short story, the only difference being the sharpness of the plot. The novella has an unexpected, unpredictable ending. This genre lends itself well to thrillers.
The genre of the essay is the same story, but in a non-fictional manner of presentation. There are no flowery turns of phrase, pompous phrases or pathos in the essay.
Satire as a literary genre is rare; its accusatory nature does not contribute to popularity, although satirical plays in theatrical productions are well received.
The detective genre is the most popular literary trend of recent times. Millions of paperback books by popular authors such as Alexandra Marinina, Daria Dontsova, Polina Dashkova and dozens of others have become reference books for many Russian readers.

Conclusion

They are diverse, each contains the potential for further creative development, which will certainly be used by modern writers and poets.