Slavic games for children - clan - family - craft - file catalog

1. Introduction to the concept of “Slavic games”. Historical reference.

Teacher. It is unlikely that we have ever seriously thought about who and when made the first snowball, who came up with the idea of sledding down a hill; or how old are the “Cossack robbers”. These games have lived with us since childhood and were taken for granted by us. But almost all active children’s games have their own history, which is closely intertwined with the history of our country, we just don’t pay attention to it. If you take a closer look at the emergence, history and development of folk games, you will notice that the games themselves did not arise out of nowhere, but real events, both everyday and cultural-historical, served as prototypes for them.

Already at the early stage of paganism during the formation of the Eastern Slavic tribes in the 4th - 7th centuries AD. e. there were folk games where tribes and clans met. Deifying the Sun, thunder, lightning, rivers, fire, stones, the Slavs worshiped them. At the games, the Slavs had fun and performed rituals to appease nature. These rituals were accompanied by games, round dances, dancing, singing and spells. The games were timed to coincide with pagan calendar holidays: Semik - a holiday associated with spring agricultural work - sowing; harvesting - the end of the harvest, harvesting; tausen - New Year, etc.

2. Components of games in Rus'.

Teacher. Games in Rus' began with barkers.The gameplay itself is unthinkable without prelude. Pre-game barkers, as a method of gathering participants for a future joint game with the help of a special chant, have a long tradition. The barkers were used as a starting point, calling on potential participants to the game: Siskin-fawn sparrow, Jumping along the street, Girls gathering to play and dance, to show themselves….
Or: Tai-tai, come on! Who plays blind man's buff (hide and seek, tag, etc.)? The call to play was accompanied by jumping in place or in a circle, and the one who pronounced them had to extend his hand forward with his thumb bent. Those who wanted to play had to grab the barker's finger with their fist and, in turn, bend their thumb. All this time, the barker pronounced a sentence indicating the name of the game. When a sufficient number of players were recruited, the barker finished the set: Tai-tai, fly in! Don't accept anyone!

Question: What kind of barkers do you know?

Since most games require a driver, the barker was often used at the same time to determine it: The last one to drive! In cases where the barker did not identify the driver or there was no driver in the game itself (for example, in team games), a lot or counting was used. Counting books Counting books are short rhymed verses used to determine the driver or to distribute roles in the game:
One, two, three, four, five, Six, seven, eight, nine, ten The red month has come out And behind it is the moon, lead one. Six, seven, eight, nine, ten The king decided to hang me, but the queen did not give it and hanged the king.

The counting table is an integral part of children's play at all times - “a mechanism for random distribution of roles.”

The barkers and lots are played.

3. teacher. Before starting the game, we need to pass a test to see if you are worthy of being in that historical time, we will prove this with your knowledge. Test - in Ancient Rus', hitting the target with darts, knives, snowballs was considered an important skill. You also have to try to hit the target. Have you noticed our target, there are numbers with tasks, the closer you get to the target, an easy task awaits you on the history of Kievan Rus. The further you go, the more difficult it becomes. We have already chosen the first one ready to go to the test.

4. Test of knowledge (application).

5. Teacher. M Folk games can be divided into several types:
games reflecting the relationship between man and Nature
games reflecting the daily activities and life of our ancestors
games based on religious and cult motives
games for resourcefulness, speed and coordination
games of strength and dexterity
war games.

Let us note that this division is very arbitrary and does not set itself the goal of necessarily driving all games into a certain classification framework. It is quite possible that some of the folk games presented below will fit into several categories at once.

6. Folk games reflecting the daily activities of our ancestors.

Question . What were the main types of occupations of the ancient Slavs?

Hunting, fishing, crafts, everyday scenes and much more that constituted the daily activities of people in the old days have survived to this day in numerous reflection games. Looking at them, it is not at all difficult to imagine what and how our ancestors lived. As an example below
The peculiar dialogue-sentences in games could be quite long and funny. Moreover, it was not forbidden to change the phrases in them during the game. On the contrary, it added interest and liveliness to the game.
Game "Fishing Rod"

7. Games based on religious and cult motives

Question. What was the name of the religion of the ancient Slavs before the adoption of Christianity? What gods existed? Who guarded the home? What fairy tale characters existed?

Similar motives can be clearly seen in folk entertainment. Mermen, mermaids, brownies, sorcerers, and evil spirits appear not only in fairy tales and rituals, but also appear in the plots of games. In general, childhood is characterized by a certain unique worldview that makes games on similar topics lively and vibrant.

Game "Water"

8.Games for strength and dexterity

The strong and dexterous have been respected at all times and in any society. A game is an activity in which children could demonstrate these qualities to their peers.

Game "Malechina-Kolechina"

"Arc", "Turnip"

9. War games

Military themes, of course, could not help but enter into children's games. Over their long history, war games have not undergone any major modifications, and have come down to us in almost their original form. In its most general form, the game of war is a competition between two teams, in which folk tradition determines the acceptable means and methods of confrontation and the conditions for recognizing the winners.
In Rus', war games have long been the favorite pastime of most boys.

Game "Cockfight"

10. Round dance.

Dance is a special type of folk art. It is impossible to count how many different dances and dances existed in Rus' and still exist in modern Russia. They have a wide variety of names: sometimes by the song to which they dance ("Kamarinskaya", "Seni"), sometimes by the number of dancers ("Steam", "Four"), sometimes the name determines the picture of the dance ("Pleten", "Vorotsa" ). But in all these very different dances there is something in common, characteristic of Russian folk dance in general: this is a breadth of movement, prowess, special cheerfulness, poetry, a combination of modesty and simplicity with a great sense of self-esteem.R Russian round dances seem to be as ancient as our life. Whether our ancestors lived at home, they were engaged in games, dances, round dances; Whether they were at the massacre, they sang of their homeland in their epics. From Vladimir's merry feasts, songs spread throughout Rus' and passed from generation to generation. The history of round dances lies in legends; and all our folk legends speak of the past as of the present time, without indicating days and years; they say what our fathers and grandfathers did, without mentioning either the place of action or the persons themselves.

The original meaning of the round dance seems to be lost forever. We do not have any sources directly pointing to its appearance in Russian soil, and therefore all assumptions remain insignificant. The round dance is known to all tribes and principalities.The Lithuanian-Russian round dance was renamedkorogod. Bohemians, Croats, Carpatho-Russians, Morlaks, Dalmatians turned him intokolo - circle. The Slavic kolo was also accompanied by songs, dances and games, just like the Russian round dance.

"Round dance game"

11. All Slavic games ended with dances and dances. Dance-competitions, dance-wrestling, dance-choosing the bride. The “Barynya” dance is a competition between young men for a bride. In the dance they must show their prowess, skill and attract the girl’s attention. But under no circumstances should you touch the girl or your opponent, you shouldn’t push him away.

But invariably in the spring and summer the games ended with a game of“Rucheek” is a game of unity, friendship and trust.

Capture of the town

Capture of the town - On the hill, people build a fortification from trees and branches, and in winter - from snow. This will be a town. All ladies, young and old, become defenders of the fortress and are located inside the town. The men are divided into riders and horses and begin to advance. The task of the men is to destroy the fortress, penetrate and capture the banner. The difficulty is that you need to be on the horse all this time, but if the rider is thrown off or he falls himself, then he flies out of the game. The girls' task is to protect the banner and prevent it from being captured. To protect the banner, women can use sticks wrapped in skins, which creates a kind of club, bags filled with straw, and snowballs in winter. The game continues until the attackers capture the banner or abandon this idea. In most cases, the game drags on, because the horseman who captured the flag is awarded the honor of kissing all the ladies in the fortress.

Horses

Horses - players are divided into two teams - two troops. Within the team there is a division into riders and horses. The riders are most often women. The players' task is to unbalance the other pair. The team whose riders remain in the saddle wins.
Christians, having watched such games from behind the bushes, then made up terrible tales about “jumping witches” driving people to death.

Lizard

In this game, the role of a lizard is played by a young man - he is the ruler of the underworld. Around him, the participants become a circle. The lizard is blindfolded and a round dance begins around him, chanting a song:

The lizard sits
Nuts shelling
Under the walnut bush
Chok-chok, piglet,
The lizard is sitting - a fool.

"Lizard":
I want to get married!

Get yourself a girl
A young girl.

"Lizard":

Who is she,
What is her name
And where will they bring it from?

Chorus:
Here she is!

“Lizard” points a finger at the victim without removing the bandage. If the selected player turns out to be a young man, then he takes the place of the “lizard”. If it’s a girl, then the “lizard” carries her to the nearest river to “drown” her. While the lizard is carrying the girl to the water, she can pay off with a kiss or wait until the lizard gets tired. It all depends on the girl’s desire.

Blinking little lights

The participants form a double circle, that is, behind each person there is a second one - his pair. One participant is left without a pair.
The goal of the player without a partner is to entice the player standing in the inner circle by discreetly winking at him. If the player standing in the outer circle does not notice the wink, then he goes to the center, and the driver takes his place.

Playing is the most favorite pastime of children and adults. Game is the best and most effective form of acquiring new knowledge, skills, abilities, and experience. In games, a person learns everything he needs in life. That is why in the Slavic tradition the entire process of teaching children was built in the form of a game. However, many adults now do not remember the games they played as children. And remembering them during the holidays, they have fun like children. Remember those games that you and your great-great-great...parents played. Many of them develop abilities: dexterity, attentiveness, endurance, ingenuity, etc. Who, if not you, will pass on these games to your children.

The merman (driver) sits in a circle with his eyes closed. The players dance around him with the words:

Grandfather of the water,
Why are you sitting under water?
Look out for a little bit
For one minute.
One, two, three - the merman don’t sleep!

The round dance stops, the “water man” gets up and, without opening his eyes, approaches one of the players.
The merman's task is to determine who is in front of him. If the merman guessed right, he changes role and now the one whose name was named becomes the driver. The “merman” can touch the player standing in front of him, but his eyes cannot be opened. For greater difficulty, the “mer”, at the last words of the song, spins towards the movement of the round dance.
P.S.
When they play for a long time, many are already recognized by their clothes, so our guys sometimes change scarves, or take off some piece of clothing to make it more difficult. Squat lower or stand on tiptoes. The game is very fun. As a rule, it is played the longest.

All players, holding hands, form a circle. The driver (by lot) stands in the middle of the circle. He is blindfolded or has a cap placed on his head to cover his eyes. You can give the driver a stick, or you can play without it.
All players move in a circle in one direction until the driver stops with the command “Stop!” Then everyone stops, and the driver extends his hand forward. It should be taken up by the one playing at whom it is directed. The driver asks him to raise his voice, that is, to say something. The player calls the name of the driver or makes any sound by changing his voice. If the driver guesses who voted, he changes place and role with him. If he doesn’t guess correctly, he continues to drive.
Rules:
You can ask for a voice up to 3 times, after which the driver must say who is holding his hand (or wand).
If the driver fails to guess 3 times, he is replaced by a new driver by lot or choice.
When the driver asks for a voice, there must be complete silence.

FLOOR, BOW, CEILING

This game is also a good test of attentiveness. It is very simple, its rules are easy to explain. With your right hand, point to the floor and say: “Floor.” Then point to your nose (it will be better if you touch it), say: “Nose,” and then raise your hand up and say: “Ceiling.” Take your time. Let the guys show with you, and you will call. Your goal is to confuse the guys. Say: “Nose,” and at this time point to the ceiling. The guys must listen carefully and show correctly.

The merman (driver) sits in a circle with his eyes closed. The players dance around him with the words:
Grandfather of the water,
Why are you sitting under water?
Look out for a little bit
For one minute.
One, two, three - the merman don’t sleep!
The round dance stops, the “water man” gets up and, without opening his eyes, approaches one of the players.
The merman's task is to determine who is in front of him. If the merman guessed right, he changes role and now the one whose name was named becomes the driver. The “merman” can touch the player standing in front of him, but his eyes cannot be opened. For greater difficulty, the “mer”, at the last words of the song, spins towards the movement of the round dance.
P.S.
When they play for a long time, many are already recognized by their clothes, so our guys sometimes change scarves, or take off some piece of clothing to make it more difficult. Squat lower or stand on tiptoes. The game is very fun. As a rule, it is played the longest.

“Blind Man's Bluff” is an ancient game that has many varieties. Children of all ages play it. The number of participants is usually from 4 to 25 people. In all varieties, the essence is the same: the driver with his eyes closed - “blind man's buff” - must catch other players and guess who he caught.
Blind Man's Bluff WITH VOICE
All players, holding hands, form a circle. The driver (by lot) stands in the middle of the circle. He is blindfolded or has a cap placed on his head to cover his eyes. You can give the driver a stick, or you can play without it.
All players move in a circle in one direction until the driver stops with the command “Stop!” Then everyone stops, and the driver extends his hand forward. It should be taken up by the one playing at whom it is directed. The driver asks him to raise his voice, that is, to say something. The player calls the name of the driver or makes any sound by changing his voice. If the driver guesses who voted, he changes place and role with him. If he doesn’t guess correctly, he continues to drive.
Rules You can ask for a voice up to 3 times, after which the driver must say who is holding his hand (or wand). If the driver fails to guess 3 times, he is replaced by a new driver by lot or choice. When the driver asks for a voice, there must be complete silence.

FLOOR, BOW, CEILING

AT THE BEAR IN THE FOREST

The game involves children from 3 to 40 people.
One driver is selected - a “bear”, who stands in the corner of the site (or room). The rest of the players are children. They are located on the other side of the site in their “home”. The space between the “den” of the “bear” and the children is “bor” (“forest”).
Children go to the “pine forest” for “mushrooms” and “berries”, gradually approaching the “bear”. While picking “mushrooms” and “berries”, children chant:
By the bear in the forest
I take mushrooms and berries,
The bear caught a cold
Frozen on the stove!
The last two lines are now often replaced with:
And the bear is sitting
And he growls at us!
After the last words, the “bear”, who had previously pretended to be asleep, stretches and runs towards the children, and they quickly turn and run to their “home” or scatter in different directions, trying not to get caught by the “bear”, who is trying to catch them (touch them with his hand - to grease).
Whoever the “bear” catches changes roles with him. If the “bear” fails to catch anyone (all the guys will hide in their “house”), he goes to his “den” and continues to drive.

Rules “The Bear” has no right to run out and catch the guys until they say the last words of the recitative. Fishing is only possible within the established limits of the site.
Option:
Two circles are drawn, one circle is the “forest” (berries and mushrooms are placed in the middle of it), the other is the “village”. One of the participants in the game, depicting a bear, sits in the “forest”. The rest go from the “village” to the “forest” to pick berries and mushrooms, the guys have a basket in their hands. Everyone sings:
By the bear in the forest
I pick mushrooms and berries.
But the bear doesn't sleep,
Everything is looking at us
And then how he growls
And he will run after us.
The guys walk around the “forest” and tease the Bear:
We're taking berries
But we don’t give it to the bear.
Let's go into the forest with a club -
Hit the bear in the back!
Passing the basket to each other, they try to run into the “forest” and throw berries and mushrooms into the basket. Whoever the Bear catches in the “forest” is eliminated from the game. When someone manages to run into the “forest” and throw berries and mushrooms into the basket, everyone runs to the “village”, and the Bear catches up. If the Bear catches up with the guys and takes the basket, he takes the berries and mushrooms for himself. And if the guys manage to escape from the Bear to the “village,” then a new Bear is chosen and the game continues.

The ancient game “Lapta”, often called “Russian Lapta”, and in different places it has its own name (for example, in Tajikistan this game is called “Tulufbozi”, in Bashkiria - “Ural Ball”, in Karakalpakstan - “Koshamaran”) and some differences in rules. The rules of the game below apply mainly in the central zone of the RSFSR.
“Lapta” is played on a large area, a lawn in the summer. Schoolchildren, youth and adults, from 8 to 30 people, participate in it. The game is played independently. The game's referees are usually the team captains, or "queens" as they are often called in this game.
To play, you need a small rag, rubber or tennis ball and a lapta - a round stick 70-80 cm long and 3-3.5 cm thick. It is slightly bent at one end to make it easier to hold in your hands; at the other end it remains round (for beginners, you can make it spade-shaped).
Description.
On two sides of the site - “fields” - at a distance of 40-80 m, two lines are drawn or marked with branches or other objects - the horse line and the “city” line. Two captains (“queens”) are chosen and divided into two teams in any way (usually by collusion). By lot, one team stands behind the “city” line; the other is placed randomly in the “field”. The captain of the “field” team sends one player to the “city” to serve the ball.
In turn, the first thrower - the "city" player - takes the shoe and stands at the "city" line, opposite him is the server who throws the ball, and the thrower hits it with the shoe into the "field" as high and far as possible. Fielders try to catch it from the air or grab it from the ground. The one who successfully hits the ball runs to the stake and returns to the “city”, for which he earns 1 point. The “field” players, having grabbed the ball from the ground, try to throw the ball at those running across. If someone is insulted, they themselves run to the “city”, and the players from the “city” run to the “field” and try to hit the player who did not have time to run to the “city” with the ball (i.e., they strive to “get away”) .
The team, which has managed to occupy the “city” in its entirety, remains there and begins to hit the ball into the “field”. If a field player catches him from the air (“candle”), his entire team goes to the “city”, and those who were in the “city” go to the “field”. And so the struggle goes on to take possession of the “city.” Everyone who manages to run to the stake and back earns a point. They play until a certain number of points or for an agreed time. The team with more points wins.
Rules The “city” players hit the ball into the “field” in the order established by the captain. Each player hits the ball 1 time, and the captain has the right to 3 hits. The server must throw the ball so that it is easy to hit it, otherwise he must repeat the toss. And so on up to 3 times. If he throws poorly 3 times, he is replaced. The person running across must leave the lapta in the “city”, otherwise he must return for it. A hit with the ball is only counted if it hits the player directly and does not bounce off something. If a player hits the ball poorly, he may not run to the stake, but wait for a good shot, which is then performed by one of the other players. Therefore, several players who hit the ball unsuccessfully can run at the same time. The server has the right to insult those running across, just like the field players. You can only run as long as the ball is outside the “city”. The player who returns to the “city” has the right to hit the ball again in the “field” in order of rotation.

When creating games, the Russian people invested deep meaning into them - this is study, work, and education. Outdoor games develop dexterity, flexibility, strength, cultivate a heroic spirit, and also make you think. Folk games evoke a feeling of unity and camaraderie. Practice shows that children are very fond of folk games, both physical and verbal, and round dancing. Folk games are a historically established social phenomenon, an independent type of activity characteristic of nationalities and regions. Russian folk games are very diverse: children's games, board games, round dance games for adults with folk songs, jokes, and dances. Games have long served as a means of self-knowledge; here people showed their best qualities: kindness, nobility, mutual assistance, self-sacrifice for the sake of others. After a hard day of work, adults gladly took part in children's games, teaching them how to have fun and relax. A characteristic feature of Russian folk games is movement in the content of the game (running, jumping, throwing, throwing, passing and catching the ball, resistance, etc.). These motor actions are motivated by the plot of the game. The players do not require special physical fitness, but well-physically developed players receive a certain advantage during the game (for example, in Lata, a good ball catcher is placed in the field near the line of the stake, and a good hitter is chosen as a captain and given an additional hit on the ball).

The rules of the games are determined by the participants themselves, depending on the conditions in which the games are held (in towns - the distance to the city from the kon or half-kon, in lapta - the number of players, the length and width of the site, in tag - the conditions for salting, etc.). The equipment can also vary (in “Lapta” - the sizes of the bat, ball, in “Zhmurki” - the sizes of the headband, in “Chizhik” - the sizes of the chizhik, bat or horse, etc.). Thus, Russian folk games represent a conscious initiative activity aimed at achieving a conditional goal established by the rules of the game, which is formed on the basis of Russian national traditions and takes into account the cultural, social and spiritual values of the Russian people in the physical education aspect of the activity.

Today in our newspaper you can find out some folk games. They were mainly carried out on the territory of today's Moscow and Moscow region. Russian folk games are the “progenitors” of modern games in courtyards and at children's parties. The whole family and friends can play them.

Rope An ancient Russian game. Game for children aged 5 years and older. The driver moves inside the circle, trying to insult someone's palm while it touches the rope. To escape, those standing can pull this palm away from the rope or move it along the rope. The salted one replaces the driver.
Third wheel with belt A game for children and youth of both sexes aged 10 years and older. The players stand in pairs in a circle facing the center. The driver runs around the circle, trying to hit the running player with his belt. If the runner joins the standing pair on either side, then the one who is third must run away. If the tag catches up with the driver, they switch roles.
Kubar There is information that kubar was known to the ancient Greeks. In Rus', games with head over heels have been around for more than a thousand years. The kubar is spun with the palms so that it receives a rotational movement, and is launched along a flat surface. In order for the head to continue to spin and move in the desired direction, it is whipped up with a whip as it rotates.
Malechina - kalechina This is an ancient folk game. By placing the stick on a finger, palm, leg, etc., they try to keep it in balance while they say the words: “Malechina-kalechina” how many hours until the evening? One, two...ten."
Stilts IN AND. Dahl, in his Dictionary, briefly defines what stilts are. These are “two poles with steps on which they stand and walk.” The most ancient fun, known among many nations. Stilts come in different heights and designs and are invariably a huge hit with children and adults.
Arc This folk game is interesting not only for children over 10 years old, but also for adults. It is necessary to crawl under the arc standing on the ground, so as not to fall and not drop the arc
Boiler The driver drives the ball with a stick, trying to roll it into the cauldron (the hole located in the middle of the circle), or occupy one of the holes around the cauldron with the end of his stick, although each is guarded by a player with a stick.
Turnip Game at the pillar. One of the players holds on to the pole, the rest stand behind him in a chain and try to unhook him from the pole.

Slavic games for children - clan - family - craft - file catalog - velomud. Folk games and fun

Capture of the town

Horses

Lizard

Blinking little lights