Municipal budgetary educational institution
"Primary secondary school No. 11"
PROJECT
"Family Traditions and Customs"
Methodological passport of the project.
Supervisorproject: primary school teacher Latysheva A.N.
Student age: 9-10 years
Composition of the project team: 25 people.
Nameproject:"Family customs and traditions."
Project type: practice-oriented, research, creative
Hypothesis: If each family member loves and respects each other, then the family will be friendly and strong.
Formulation of the problem: Preservation of traditions in the family, which lead to strengthening family relationships and the formation of a person’s personality.
Objective of the project:
Expand knowledge about the history of your family, understand the importance of family for every person.
Project objectives:
Expand your knowledge of your family history
Develop an understanding of the value of family;
Broaden their horizons and enrich children’s vocabulary with terms of family relationships, develop coherent speech.
Development of creative abilities of adults and children in the process of joint activities.
Planned results
Subject: expanding ideas about family traditions, developing interest in the traditions of one’s family, cultivating a sense of pride in one’s family.
Personal: acceptance and mastery of the social role of the student, development of motives for educational activities and the formation of personal meaning of learning; development of independence and personal responsibility for one’s actions based on ideas about moral standards; development of cooperation skills with adults and peers in various social situations.
Metasubject: to form a positive experience of family traditions and the ability to independently identify and formulate a cognitive goal, a project problem. The ability to analyze family situations from a moral perspective.
Final results:
Fostering a sense of pride in students for their family, love for its members; knowledge of your family history, family customs and traditions.
Creation of a system of joint activities: “child-teacher” and “child-parent” on this problem.
Development of creative abilities of children and parents in joint activities.
Self-realization of parents as subjects of educational activities, the possibility of constructive cooperation between teachers and students’ families, the creation of a favorable microclimate in the child-parent team.
Project product:
Creating an album of family customs and traditions.
Project implementation timeframe:
Dates: November 12, 2016 – October 19, 2017
Organization of parent meetings;
Collecting information about the hobbies and activities of students’ family members;
Drawing competition “My Family”;
Class hour "Family customs and traditions."
Stages of work on the project:
Preparatory stage (12.11.12)
Objectives of the stage: to create the necessary conditions for the implementation of this project. Make an event plan. Reveal the knowledge of parents and children about family customs and traditions.
Questioning parents and children
Conversations with children about their family, family traditions and customs.
Project implementation (design-indicative, research work)14 .11.2016-14.09.2017
Objectives of the stage: Acquaintance of parents and children with family traditions through different forms of work (artistic-aesthetic, social-communicative, cognitive orientation.
Excursion together with parents.
Conversation with children “In the family circle”
Consultations for parents: “Family traditions and holidays” (discussion of upcoming work, search for necessary photographs from the family archive);
Speech at a parent meeting: “The role of the family in raising children”
Creating presentations about family traditions and customs.
Creating an album “Family Customs and Traditions”, creating a family tree.
Analytical stage. Reflection.14.09.2017
Activity analysis. Discussion of preliminary results and making changes.
Project development prospects.
Representation of work in educational networks, institutions.
The final stage. 19.10.2017
Present the product of a creative project at a seminar.
At the beginning of the last school year, during recess, I heard how exciting the children were telling each other about their family vacation trip. It turned out that the guys and their parents were friends and often went on vacation together. It has become a tradition for them. This is where the theme of the project “Family Traditions and Customs” arose.
And throughout the year we worked on this project “Family Traditions and Customs.” Who could we possibly be during this time?
We compiled our genealogies - acting as historians, we were antiquarians and archaeologists - when we were looking for old family things, journalists and reporters, when we asked our parents about our grandmothers and great-grandmothers, about the traditions and customs of our family.
This project revealed to us the importance of family traditions and allowed us to get acquainted with the history of the origin of our family’s traditions.
At the first stage of our work, we conducted a survey and questionnaire among children and parents where questions were asked such as: “What do children know about family traditions and customs? What are family heirlooms? What traditions and customs do you have in your family?” etc.
We had conversations with children about their family, family traditions and customs.
Family heirlooms
Family customs
Family traditions
Traditional dishes
After thinking, we decided that the product of our project would be presentations and the creation of an album “Family Traditions and Customs”, which the guys will now present.
So I invite Daria Sukhanova, who will tell us about her project “Family Heirlooms”.
Karina Gordeeva’s family completed the most extensive work on the family tree.
The family of Daniil Povarenkin completed work on family traditions.
The Kadnika Ulyana family will tell us about the traditional dish.
And the family of Alexey Solovyov presented us with a work about family customs.
Thank you for your performance.
Guys, please tell me, who else can tell you about the traditions and customs of their family? (children's stories about traditions)
Now guys, let's sum it up.
Summing up our work, we can safely say that we have achieved our goal and objectives. In the course of our work, we found out that traditions include joint holidays: birthdays and civil holidays, joint sporting events, hikes, excursions, trips to nature, school holidays. We have clarified the concept of “tradition”.
The hypothesis of our project is that “If every family member loves and respects each other, then the family will be friendly and strong” confirmed.
Analyzing the work done, we came to the conclusion that traditions and customs are of great importance for humans. Even if they are different for each nation, they unite and unite us.
It is very important to preserve family traditions, because it is traditions that unite generations and contribute to the transfer of experience and interaction with people.
You cannot be indifferent to the traditions and customs of your people, your family. We must know and cherish our traditions, customs and history.
And now I suggest you look video, in which your parents will give their opinion about working on this project.
Even earlier, I said that the product of our project, in addition to presentations, would also be an album that we would donate to our museum in memory of our class. And of course our guests can view it too. And I think this is not our last project.
The Russian people are representatives of the East Slavic ethnic group, the indigenous inhabitants of Russia (110 million people - 80% of the population of the Russian Federation), the largest ethnic group in Europe. The Russian diaspora numbers about 30 million people and is concentrated in countries such as Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Belarus, the countries of the former USSR, the USA and EU countries. As a result of sociological research, it was found that 75% of the Russian population of Russia are followers of Orthodoxy, and a significant part of the population does not consider itself to be a member of any particular religion. The national language of the Russian people is Russian.
Each country and its people have their own significance in the modern world; the concepts of folk culture and history of a nation, their formation and development are very important. Each nation and its culture are unique in their own way, the flavor and uniqueness of each nationality should not be lost or dissolved in assimilation with other peoples, the younger generation should always remember who they really are. For Russia, which is a multinational power and home to 190 peoples, the issue of national culture is quite acute, due to the fact that in recent years its erasure has been especially noticeable against the background of the cultures of other nationalities.
Culture and life of the Russian people
(Russian folk costume)
The first associations that arise with the concept of “Russian people” are, of course, breadth of soul and strength of spirit. But national culture is formed by people, and it is these character traits that have a huge impact on its formation and development.
One of the distinctive features of the Russian people has always been and is simplicity; in former times, Slavic houses and property were very often subjected to looting and complete destruction, hence the simplified attitude towards everyday issues. And of course, these trials that befell the long-suffering Russian people only strengthened their character, made them stronger and taught them to get out of any life situations with their heads held high.
Another trait that prevails in the character of the Russian ethnic group can be called kindness. The whole world is well aware of the concept of Russian hospitality, when “they feed you, give you something to drink, and put you to bed.” A unique combination of such qualities as cordiality, mercy, compassion, generosity, tolerance and, again, simplicity, very rarely found among other peoples of the world, all this is fully manifested in the very breadth of the Russian soul.
Hard work is another one of the main traits of the Russian character, although many historians in the study of the Russian people note both its love of work and enormous potential, as well as its laziness, as well as complete lack of initiative (remember Oblomov in Goncharov’s novel). But still, the efficiency and endurance of the Russian people is an indisputable fact that is difficult to argue against. And no matter how much scientists around the world want to understand the “mysterious Russian soul,” it is unlikely that any of them can do it, because it is so unique and multifaceted that its “zest” will forever remain a secret to everyone.
Traditions and customs of the Russian people
(Russian meal)
Folk traditions and customs represent a unique connection, a kind of “bridge of times” connecting the distant past with the present. Some of them have their roots in the pagan past of the Russian people, even before the baptism of Rus'; little by little their sacred meaning was lost and forgotten, but the main points have been preserved and are still observed. In villages and towns, Russian traditions and customs are honored and remembered to a greater extent than in cities, which is due to the more isolated lifestyle of city residents.
A large number of rituals and traditions are associated with family life (this includes matchmaking, wedding celebrations, and the baptism of children). Carrying out ancient rites and rituals guaranteed a successful and happy life in the future, the health of descendants and the general well-being of the family.
(Colorized photograph of a Russian family at the beginning of the 20th century)
Since ancient times, Slavic families were distinguished by a large number of family members (up to 20 people), adult children, having already gotten married, remained to live in their home, the head of the family was the father or older brother, everyone had to obey them and unquestioningly carry out all their orders. Typically, wedding celebrations were held either in the fall, after the harvest, or in the winter after the Epiphany holiday (January 19). Then the first week after Easter, the so-called “Red Hill,” began to be considered a very successful time for a wedding. The wedding itself was preceded by a matchmaking ceremony, when the groom's parents came to the bride's family along with his godparents, if the parents agreed to give their daughter in marriage, then a bridesmaid ceremony was held (meeting the future newlyweds), then there was a ceremony of collusion and hand-waving (the parents resolved the issues of the dowry and the date of the wedding festivities ).
The rite of baptism in Rus' was also interesting and unique, the child had to be baptized immediately after birth, for this purpose godparents were chosen, who would be responsible for the life and well-being of the godson all his life. When the baby was one year old, they sat him on the inside of a sheep's coat and cut his hair, cutting a cross on the crown, with such meaning that evil spirits would not be able to penetrate his head and would not have power over him. Every Christmas Eve (January 6), a slightly older godson should bring kutia (wheat porridge with honey and poppy seeds) to his godparents, and they, in turn, should give him sweets.
Traditional holidays of the Russian people
Russia is truly a unique state where, along with the highly developed culture of the modern world, they carefully honor the ancient traditions of their grandfathers and great-grandfathers, going back centuries and preserving the memory of not only Orthodox vows and canons, but also the most ancient pagan rites and sacraments. To this day, pagan holidays are celebrated, people listen to signs and age-old traditions, remember and tell their children and grandchildren ancient traditions and legends.
Main national holidays:
- Christmas Jan. 7
- Christmastide January 6 - 9
- Baptism January 19
- Maslenitsa from 20 to 26 February
- Forgiveness Sunday ( before the onset of Lent)
- Palm Sunday ( on the Sunday before Easter)
- Easter ( the first Sunday after the full moon, which occurs no earlier than the day of the conventional vernal equinox on March 21)
- Red hill ( first Sunday after Easter)
- Trinity ( on Sunday on the day of Pentecost - the 50th day after Easter)
- Ivan Kupala July 7
- Peter and Fevronia Day July 8
- Elijah's day August 2
- Honey Spas August 14
- Apple Spas August 19
- Third (Khlebny) Spas August 29
- Pokrov day October 14
There is a belief that on the night of Ivan Kupala (July 6-7), once a year a fern flower blooms in the forest, and whoever finds it will gain untold wealth. In the evening, large bonfires are lit near rivers and lakes, people dressed in festive ancient Russian attires lead round dances, sing ritual chants, jump over the fire, and let wreaths float downstream, in the hope of finding their soul mate.
Maslenitsa is a traditional holiday of the Russian people, celebrated during the week before Lent. A very long time ago, Maslenitsa was more likely not a holiday, but a ritual when the memory of departed ancestors was honored, placating them with pancakes, asking them for a fertile year, and spending the winter by burning a straw effigy. Time passed, and the Russian people, thirsting for fun and positive emotions in the cold and dull season, turned the sad holiday into a more cheerful and daring celebration, which began to symbolize the joy of the imminent end of winter and the arrival of the long-awaited warmth. The meaning has changed, but the tradition of baking pancakes remained, exciting winter entertainment appeared: sledding and horse-drawn sled rides, a straw effigy of Winter was burned, throughout the Maslenitsa week relatives went to pancakes with their mother-in-law and sister-in-law, an atmosphere of celebration and fun reigned everywhere , various theatrical and puppet shows were held on the streets with the participation of Petrushka and other folklore characters. One of the very colorful and dangerous entertainments on Maslenitsa was fist fights; the male population took part in them, for whom it was an honor to take part in a kind of “military affair” that tested their courage, boldness and dexterity.
Christmas and Easter are considered especially revered Christian holidays among the Russian people.
The Nativity of Christ is not only a bright holiday of Orthodoxy, it also symbolizes the revival and return to life, the traditions and customs of this holiday, filled with kindness and humanity, high moral ideals and the triumph of the spirit over worldly concerns, are being rediscovered and rethought by society in the modern world. The day before Christmas (January 6) is called Christmas Eve, because the main dish of the festive table, which should consist of 12 dishes, is a special porridge “sochivo”, consisting of boiled cereal, drizzled with honey, sprinkled with poppy seeds and nuts. You can sit down at the table only after the first star appears in the sky. Christmas (January 7) is a family holiday, when everyone gathered at one table, ate a festive treat and gave each other gifts. The 12 days after the holiday (until January 19) are called Christmastide. Previously, at this time, girls in Rus' held various gatherings with fortune telling and rituals to attract suitors.
Easter has long been considered a great holiday in Rus', which people associated with the day of general equality, forgiveness and mercy. On the eve of Easter celebrations, Russian women usually bake kulichi (festive rich Easter bread) and Easter bread, clean and decorate their homes, young people and children paint eggs, which, according to ancient legend, symbolize drops of the blood of Jesus Christ crucified on the cross. On the day of Holy Easter, smartly dressed people, meeting, say “Christ is Risen!”, answer “Truly He is Risen!”, followed by a three-time kiss and an exchange of festive Easter eggs.
Municipal budgetary educational institution
Panikinsky secondary school
Russian national customs
and Christmas rituals.
Completed by: 8th grade students
Class teacher: Kazakova L.L.
2014
What nation do you live in?
This is the custom you keep.
Introduction
We, the younger generation, must join the national culture, because... ours today, like our past once upon a time, also creates the traditions and customs of the future. Do we, the modern generation, need to know the customs that guided our distant ancestors? Yes, we need this. We must know well not only the history of the Russian state, but also the traditions and customs of the national culture; to realize, understand and actively participate in the revival of national culture, to self-realize as a person who loves his homeland, his people and everything related to folk culture, for example, Russian national customs.
Culture expresses the totality of knowledge, ideals, and spiritual experience of the people on the centuries-old path of the formation of society.Over the course of the millennia-long history of the development of the Russian people, on the basis of folk customs, an understanding of spirituality, reverence for the memory of ancestors, a sense of collectivism, love for the world and nature developed. The moral roots of the Russian people originate in ancient times. Knowledge of one's historical and cultural roots instills in a person pride in the past of his homeland, patriotism, a sense of responsibility, duty to the state and family.
Theme of this project"Russian national customs and Christmas rituals."Appeal to the spiritual values of Russian culture is quite relevant in modern society. Rite, tradition, custom are a distinctive feature of an individual people. They intersect and reflect all the main aspects of life. They are a powerful means of national education and uniting the people into a single whole.
It often seems to us that the world of traditions and customs is irretrievably a thing of the past, and least of all we are inclined to carry out our grandfather’s traditions and customs.
But norms of behavior, ethics, morality of interpersonal relations can neither be produced nor imported, and the loss of traditional culture in this area turns into lack of spirituality.
Relevance The theme under consideration is that society again and again turns to its origins. The country is experiencing a spiritual upsurge, the search for lost values begins, attempts to remember the past, the forgotten, and it turns out that the ritual, the custom is aimed at preserving eternal human values:
Peace in the family,
Love for one's neighbor,
Cohesion,
Moral goodness
Modesty, beauty, truth,
Patriotism.
Problem The point is that depending on how aware we are of the values of our culture, how we know how to preserve them, carefully passing them on from generation to generation, the well-being of our people is determined. In this regard, my interest in the customs of the Russian people becomes clear.
Target of this work: to determine the basic customs of the Russian people and find out how much they have been preserved in the modern world.
To achieve this goal, it is necessary to complete the following tasks :
Get acquainted with Russian national customs and rituals as the most important block in the system of spiritual culture of the Russian people;
Explore modern knowledge of the customs of the Russian people among students;
Understand the role and significance of customs in the life of an ethnic group Nowadays.
Just in case - your custom.
proverb
Main part
In the life and culture of any nation there are many phenomena that are complex in their historical origin and functions. One of the most striking and revealing phenomena of this kind are folk customs and traditions. In order to understand their origins, it is necessary, first of all, to study the history of the people, their culture, come into contact with their life and way of life, and try to understand their soul and character. Any customs and traditions basically reflect the life of a particular group of people, and they arise as a result of spiritual knowledge of the surrounding reality. In other words, customs and traditions are those valuable pearls in the ocean of people’s lives that they have collected over the centuries as a result of practical and spiritual comprehension of reality. Whatever tradition or custom we take, having examined its roots, we, as a rule, come to the conclusion that it is vitally justified and that behind the form, which sometimes seems original and archaic to us, there is a living rational grain hidden. The customs and traditions of any people are their “dowry” when joining the huge family of humanity living on planet Earth. Each ethnic group enriches and improves it with its existence.
In our small project we want to touch on the customs and traditions of the Russian people. Approach the disclosure of this topic through the history of the customs of the Russian people, since the historical approach makes it possible to reveal the layers in a complex set of folk customs, find the primary basis in them, determine its material roots and its original functions.
The entire complex of customs and rituals can be divided into three groups:
Committed by the entire village or a number of settlements, the so-called rural;
Family-tribal, i.e. home or family;
Committed by an individual or for his sake or individually, i.e. individual.
There are so many customs that it is impossible to list them all. Let's touch on just a few that are also observed in our area.
Carols - an ancient Christmas ritual of glorifying the holiday of the Nativity of Christ with songs and the song itself. On the night of January 6-7 before Orthodox Christmas, people usually did not sleep: they went from house to house, treated themselves, caroled, that is, sang carols - ancient Christmas and New Year's ritual songs. In tsarist times, even kings went to their subjects to congratulate and sing carols. The caroling began with children and youth, who sang songs under the windows and received various treats for this. When going to caroling, the rich, as a rule, changed clothes - they dressed up in carnival, unusual clothes, and the poor simply turned their outer clothes inside out and put on animal masks. Now this ritual is being revived: people learn songs, dress up like in the old days, put on masks and go to their neighbors, relatives, colleagues both in cities and villages. Children especially enjoy participating in caroling, as they always receive treats for singing songs. In our village, too, children go early in the morning on January 7 and sing Carols.
Christmas fortune telling.Everyone always wants to look at least a little into the future, and Christmas time was considered the ideal time for fortune-telling - and people did. For fortune-telling, they chose “unclean” places where it was believed that evil spirits lived, which became very active during the Christmas period - non-residential and non-standard places: abandoned houses, bathhouses, barns, basements, canopies, attics, cemeteries, etc.
Fortune tellers had to take off their crosses and belts, untie all the knots on their clothes, and the girls unraveled their braids. They went to fortune telling in secret: they left the house without crossing themselves, walked silently, barefoot in just a shirt, closed their eyes and covered their face with a handkerchief so as not to be recognized. In order not to completely disappear, they took “protective” measures against evil spirits - they drew a circle around themselves with a poker and put a clay pot on their head.
The topics of fortune-telling ranged from issues of life, death and health to the offspring of livestock and the honey production of bees, but the main part of the fortune-telling was devoted to marriage issues - the girls tried to find out the most detailed information about their betrothed.
The technology of fortune telling was based on the universal belief that if certain conditions are met, “signs” of fate will be received, which, if interpreted correctly, will lift the veil of time and tell the future.
“Signs” could be anything - dreams, random sounds and words, the shape of melted wax and protein poured into water, the behavior of animals, the number and even-oddness of objects, etc.
The barking of a dog indicated from which direction the groom would arrive, the sound of an ax promised trouble and death, the music of a quick wedding, the tramp of a horse - a road; They guessed not only by random sounds and provoked them: they knocked on the barn gate, on the fence, etc. And they guessed about the character of the future husband by the behavior of cockroaches, spiders and ants.
Mummers - carolers - walked around houses in the evening and at night, specifically in order to receive ritual food from the owners and express good wishes to them in the coming year; the family's prosperity in the coming year was believed to directly depend on the degree of talent of the carolers. Modern fortune-telling is very different from ancient fortune-telling, but, nevertheless, this custom has been preserved: young girls tell fortunes by candlelight.
Modern customs. Echoes of antiquity, the Slavic roots of Russians make themselves felt in modern life. For centuries, Russians have continued to celebrate pagan holidays and believe in numerous folk signs and legends. At the same time, modern Russian culture has also preserved later traditions and customs that originated at the beginning of the 20th century.
On the occasion of the Old New Year, neighbors, relatives, children go from house to house under the guise of “sowers”, congratulate each other and wish everyone health and goodness, while throwing a handful of grain into the front corner and singing and shouting:
I sow, I sow,
Happy New Year!
To be healthy
We lived for many years!
Open the chest
Give me a piglet,
Damn it,
At least the fat wedge!
Every owner, caring about well-being and health, considers it obligatory to treat the “sowers” well.
So, I became generally acquainted with the customs and traditions of not only Russians in general, but also found out what customs have been preserved and observed by our residents. The main role, of course, in preserving Russian national customs is played by the family, because children receive initial knowledge about them from their parents. And as much as parents know these customs, they pass them on to their children. Only much later do children fully assimilate the spiritual values of Russian culture.
We carried out survey among students in grades 5-11, allowing them to determine what they know about customs and rituals. According to the questionnaire, we received the following results:
Only 3% do not know any folk customs and rituals. The rest named the following:
Epiphany (75%), wedding (80%), Easter (86%), Christmas (77%), Maslenitsa (82%), Trinity (43%), wedding (27%), Christmastide (29%), Christmas gifts (24%). In many families, the following customs, rituals, and holidays are observed: Easter (67%), Christmas (59%), Maslenitsa (56%), New Year (98%), name day (not birthday) (12%). Know Christmas customs (56%).
In our area, customs such as Maslenitsa (78%), Easter (70%), and Carols (32%) are observed. Students also know the customs and rituals associated with the birth of a child, such as baptism (73%), gathering guests on the occasion of the birth of a child (39%), not showing the child to strangers in the first month, because can jinx it (15%).
The results of the survey showed that the majority of students know and observe folk customs and rituals in their families and that customs and rituals have not lost their significance in the life of a modern person, despite the process of rapid transformations taking place recently in our country.
Custom is not a cage - you can’t rearrange it.
proverb
Conclusion
We must carefully preserve Russian traditions and customs of antiquity so as not to lose the connection between times and generations. For example, among them there was and remains our ancient custom of living by honest and useful labor, working not only for ourselves, but also for society, not only for money or fame, but also for the sake of victory and the revival of the Fatherland
Orthodox customs are a faith that has transformed everyday life, these are customs that reflect the main aspects of life. We saw in the example of Russian national customs, which are still revered today, that they help unite the people into a single whole.
The Orthodox customs of the people are their way of life, formed over centuries, within which the path to the correct development of natural abilities, the path to success in life, is opened to every person.
The main task of the Russian person today is to make a spiritual choice: to unite with his people in their thousand-year destiny, in their blessed Orthodox customs and traditions coming from the depths of centuries, to find a saving faith that answers all the pressing questions of life, and to forever join the historical customs and standards of life of our people.
Today, many of us understand that it is very important not to lose the spiritual values of the Russian people (kindness, religiosity, patriotism, cohesion), and to contribute to their transmission to future generations by introducing them to the rich Russian national culture.
The historical customs of the Russian people are unique. Folk customs and rituals have been and remain an integral part of the spiritual culture of the people. Will we be able to preserve them and pass them on? Yes. But only if we realize that the lost values are vital in the future. It is folk customs that express the soul of the people, decorate their life, give it uniqueness, and strengthen the connection between generations.
Applications
Carols.
You will give us -
we will praise
and you won’t give -
we will reproach!
Kolyada, Kolyada!
Serve the pie!
Kolyada, Kolyada,
Open the gate.
Open the chests
Take out the snouts.
Serve the pie
Can you give me some pie?
Serve up the gingerbread!
Would you give me some gingerbread?
Serve the candy.
Christmas fortune telling by mirror
One of the most famous and terrible Russian Christmas fortune-telling for the betrothed. It is difficult to say exactly when to guess from the mirrors - you can sit after midnight, or late in the evening. But usually they start guessing exactly at midnight.
For fortune telling you will need a mirror, a candle and a towel. Place the mirror in front of you, next to it - a candle. Only it should illuminate a dark room. Say the spell: “Mummer, come to me for dinner,” and look in the mirror. The appearance of the groom is heralded by a slight flickering of a candle and a fogged mirror. Once this happens, quickly wipe the glass with a towel.
The groom comes up from behind and looks in the mirror. Having looked at his face, the girl should say: “Cheer out of this place.” The groom immediately disappears. If the girl does not say the required phrase, he sits down on the table and takes something out of his pocket. If a girl exclaims “out of the blue,” the item will be hers.
Nativity
Nativity
He keeps count of the years.
This holiday again
Coming to our yard
And carries with him
The joy of childhood
And over the whole earth
Sheds light
Old age revives
Protects youth.
Blessed be you
Christmas is coming!
Troparion, tone 4
Thy Nativity, Christ our God, rises up into the world's light of reason, in which the stars who serve as stars learn to bow to Thee, the Sun of truth, and lead thee from the heights of the East. Lord, glory to You!
For the old New Year they sang:
I sow, I sow,
Happy New Year!
With cattle, with belly,
With little kids
With the little ones!
How many twigs are there on a piece?
If only you had so many children!
Happy New Year, master and hostess!
Questionnaire
1. What folk customs and rituals do you know?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Does anyone in your family observe rituals, customs, or holidays? Please indicate which ones__________________________________________________________________________
3. Do you know Christmas customs?___________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
4. Do you think that any customs or rituals associated with the ancient faith are observed in our area? If yes, which ones ________________________________________________________________________________
5.What folk customs and rituals do you know associated with the birth of a child?__________________________________________________________________________
6. What folk customs do you honor? __________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Scenario "What is Christmas"
A star rose in the east
Magic Star of Jesus.
Three wise men saw her
And they accepted it as a miracle.
The story of the birth of Christ in the Jewish city of Bethlehem is one of the most popular in the Christian world. It formed the basis for the annual celebration of the Nativity of Christ throughout the world!
The shepherds were the first to rush to worship the newborn Savior. At this time, the Magi from the east came with gifts to the King of Peace (magi are ancient sages). They expected that the great King of the World would soon come to earth, and a wonderful star showed them the way to Jerusalem.
The first guests of the divine baby were not kings and nobles, but simple shepherds, to whom an Angel announced the Nativity of Christ: “I proclaim to you great joy that will be to all people: for today a Savior has been born to you in the city of David, who is Christ the Lord! And here is a sign for you: you will find a Child wrapped in swaddling clothes, lying in a manger” (Luke 2:10-12).
He didn’t even have a cradle, like all children, and there was no shelter - He was born outside the city, in a cave, and was placed in a manger, where they put food for animals.
Coming to earth, He was not greeted with honor, nobility and wealth.
It is believed that the Church of the Nativity of Christ in Bethlehem stands on the spot where He was once born. This church in the 6th century. Built by Emperor Justinian on the site of another church, dedicated in 339. Helena, mother of Constantine the Great
Christmas is the main Christian holiday. The birthday of the Son of God is a day of kindness, mercy, reconciliation, a day of glorification of the Savior.
The holiday of the Nativity of Christ is of great importance for Orthodox Christians and is second in importance, perhaps, to Easter.
Orthodox believers prepare for the worthy celebration of the Nativity of Christ with a forty-day fast, known as the Rozhdestvensky or Filippov fast.
There are many rituals and customs and today we will introduce you to several of them.
Carols
The name of this Russian god is probably known to everyone, because from Christmas Eve until Veles Day, costumed carolers walked from house to house and sang special carol songs.
Russians treated the Nativity of Christ with reverence and celebrated it cheerfully, brightly and beautifully. Christ was glorified in the streets and squares. Children and adults were engaged in glorifying Christ. They went from house to house with a star (a lit candle) and songs about the birth of the Savior.
Pagan and Christian motifs are closely intertwined in caroling. Previously, Kolyada symbolized the worship of the Sun, warmth, giving fertility and joy; the sun, thunderstorms, the month were sung in carols, and wishes for a bountiful harvest were heard.
Under the influence of the church, which for a long time did not recognize Kolyada, pagan symbols were almost forced out of carols and Christian ones began to predominate.
The entire holiday of the Nativity of Christ lasts 12 days.
It is hardly possible to name other holidays as cheerful as the days of Christmas and Christmastide, which were celebrated so noisily and cheerfully in Rus'.
Fortune telling.
Russian culture is our children's
With a trembling lamp, with dear mother.
Russian culture is great
Three-piece with a bell, with a painted arc.
Russian culture is nanny's fairy tales,
The song is a lullaby, bitter to tears.
Russian culture is flushed,
In mittens, Grandfather Frost.
Russian culture is the brush of Makovsky,
Marble by Antokolsky, Lermontov and Dal,
Towers and domes, the ringing of the Moscow Kremlin,
Tchaikovsky's music is sweet sadness.
Russian culture is the distance of Nevsky
In the gray-white twilight of the northern nights,
This is the joy of Pushkin, the bitterness of Dostoevsky
And Zhukovsky’s poems are a joyful stream.
Russian culture is everything it is famous for
Since the time of Vladimir, our people have been holy.
This is our woman - a Russian beauty,
This is our girl with a pure soul.
Russian culture - our life is miserable
With eternal hopes, with castles in dreams,
Russian culture is a lot of things,
Which is not found in any country.
Svetlana Vasilenko
Project on the topic: “Culture and traditions of the Russian people”
Relevance:
Currently, it is necessary from preschool age to pay attention to the issues of spiritual and moral development of children, which contributes to the formation of love for their native land. Respect for folk traditions, as well as the creative development of children in various activities.
That is why it is important to include a variety of artistic and creative activities in a child’s life. It is in them that every child can express himself most fully and realize his creative activity.
One of the most important means of aesthetic education and the formation of an active creative personality is folk art.
IN folk art generalizes ideas about beauty. Aesthetic ideals, wisdom people, which are passed on from generation to generation. Through folk child learns art traditions, customs, features of their life people, joins him culture.
Folk creativity is rich in rhythms and repetitions, it carries specific images, colors, is accessible and interesting to the child, which is the basis for awakening and strengthening the emotionally positive attitude of children towards it.
Value folk art is also determined by the fact that it influences the child’s feelings through means of expression, and this influence is natural, non-violent. Because of this, it is accessible to children with different levels of development, and every child receives pleasure and emotional charge from it.
It attracts the attention of children, and therefore, based on the selection of elements folk art, color structure, composition, it can be used for the development baby: perception of aesthetic attitude and aesthetic evaluation, i.e. impact on the child’s sensory sphere folk art stimulates the development of a person’s creative abilities.
Formulation of the problem:
Introducing children from an early age to their native culture, native speech, works of oral folk art, contributes to the development of spiritual, moral, aesthetic education. In the future they will be able to save everything cultural the values of our Motherland and Russia will live on, giving the world a huge amount of talent.
Target project:
Nurturing a creatively developed personality of preschoolers by means of introducing children to the origins Russian folk culture. On the basis of cognition, promote the speech, artistic, aesthetic, moral and social development of the child.
Tasks project:
I. Show children beauty Russian language through oral folk art, expressed in songs, choruses, carols, rituals.
II. Introduce children to folk traditions and include them in children's lives, because they reflect deep wisdom and creativity Russian people.
III. To assist parents in the revival and creative development of the best traditions centuries of experience in raising children and attracting them to cooperation in creating a subject-development environment.
IV. Promote the development of cognitive activity and curiosity in children.
Planned educational result:
Awakening interest in history and culture of their homeland, love for the native land;
Formation of feelings of national dignity;
Expanding children's understanding of everyday life Russian people;
Joining folk traditions through folklore;
Interaction between teachers and parents when organizing work to introduce children to...
Pedagogical implementation program project:
I. Study of psychological and pedagogical literature on problems project.
II. Studying positive teaching experience, using folk folklore for the education of preschool children.
III. Studying folk traditions family education.
V. Development of a plan for working with children.
Basic forms of working with children:
I. Direct educational activity:
1. Conversations, examination of paintings, illustrations, visual and didactic material on topics:
- "Getting to know your native land";
- “Acquaintance with decorative and applied arts”;
-"Nature of the native land";
- “Fish looks for where it’s deeper, and man looks for where it’s better.” (places of residence, housing construction);
- "Being a guest is good, but being at home is better" (life and main activities Russian people) ;
- "Story Russian folk costume» ;
- “Oh, bast shoes, yes my bast shoes” (introduction to shoes);
- "The History of Headdresses";
- "Oh, my pancakes" (story Russian cuisine) ;
Video presentation "Story Russian scarf» ;
Video presentation "Gorodets painting";
Video presentation "Dymkovo toy";
Video presentation "Gzhel painting".
2. Artistic creativity children:
Drawing on themes:
- "Gorodets painting of a cutting board";
- “Painting of Gzhel dishes”;
- “Painting of Dymkovo toys”.
Modeling on themes:
- "Fairy Tale World";
- "Dymkovo toys".
Application on themes:
- « Russian folk costume» ;
Matryoshka – Russian souvenir».
II. Celebrations and entertainment:
- “Autumn, autumn we ask for a visit”;
- “We invite you to visit and treat us to tea” (Mothers Day);
- "Christmas Gatherings";
- "Wide Maslenitsa";
- "Easter Bells";
- "Journey through a fairy tale".
III. Play activity:
Didactic games:
- "Whose suit", "Decorate the kokoshnik", "Make a pattern", "Guess the painting".
Movable folk games:
- "Swan geese" "Burners", "Tag", "Paints", "Golden Gate",
“Aunt Motya has 4 sons”, “How a cat walked on a bridge”.
Dramatization Games:
By Russian folk tales: "Kolobok", "Turnip", "Teremok", "Swan geese".
IV. Introduction to artistic literature:
Acquaintance with small folklore forms (rhymes, songs, proverbs, sayings, jokes, chants);
Reading Russian folk tales: "By magic", "Fox with a rolling pin", "Swan geese";
Reading stories by Valery Kostryuchin from the book “Heavenly Bells” "Grains"; "Christ and the Children"; "Mother's love"; “Love for people drives away boredom”; "Easter Bells".
V. Competition of children's drawings based on folk paintings:
- "Blue flowers of Gzhel";
- "Golden Khokhloma".
VI: Exhibitions:
- “Skillful hands know no boredom”- autumn crafts from natural materials;
- "World of Patterns"- New Year's crafts;
- "Easter compositions"- decorating eggs.
VII: Excursions:
To the local history museum;
To the children's library.
System of working with parents:
I. Questioning parents on topic: “Introducing children to the origins Russian culture» .
II. Roundtable conversation table: “The role of the family in introducing children to Russian national culture».
III. Joint gatherings with parents and children:
- “I am a family – clan – people»
- "Family traditions»
- « Russian samovar and tea drinking in Rus'"
IV. A joint visit by parents, children and teachers to the local history museum.
V. Holding a joint exhibition « Folk DIY toys".
VI. Conducting parent meetings topic:
- "Introducing children to Russian culture» ;
- “Spiritual and moral education in preschool age”.
VII: Consultations for parents:
- "Introduce children to folk games» ;
- “How to introduce children to Russian folk art, crafts, everyday life.”
Generalization of work experience on the pedagogical council preschool educational institution: presentation "Customs, rituals and traditions of the Russian people» .
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Municipal state preschool educational institution for children
Teremok garden, Kamenka village, Vichuga district, Ivanovo region
Project for middle group children
"Traditions and customs of the Russian people"
Prepared by the teacher
Smirnova Evgenia Vladimirovna
2016
Explanatory note:
The vibrant Russian culture was made up of rituals, customs, traditions,
holidays. Folk traditions and holidays are a reflection of pagan
Today, considering the heritage of the past, we do not always understand the meaning
folk holidays, ancient traditions that reflected important aspects
ancestors, history and culture of the fatherland. Introduction to the folk world
culture will help the child feel the harmony of life of the Slavic ancestors,
understand their customs and traditions.
Of course, not all traditions have survived to this day; many of them are completely
lost. But those that have survived make it possible to find out how people lived in
the old days, how they worked and rested. Tales, songs, dances, crafts, holidays,
Russians. Only a careful attitude towards the heritage of our ancestors can preserve
historical memory of generations, not to lose touch with the roots of your people,
instill national pride.
Times change, but man’s desire for goodness, light,
love, beauty.
Relevance of the topic:
Recently, the topic of patriotic education has been very relevant.
Fostering love for the Motherland is one of the basic principles
modern pedagogy. The homeland first appears before the child in images
rich and varied in content.
In the process of creative activity based on the study of traditions
Russian people, children’s understanding of the environment is enriched
reality, life experience is enriched, speech develops,
self-esteem, skills of positive relationships with
other children and the teacher.
Objective of the project: To form in children an understanding of traditions and customs
Russian people. Foster love and pride for your country, your people.
Project objectives:
1. Introduce children to the traditions and customs of the Russian people.
2.Develop memory, imagination, speech.
3. Enrich your vocabulary with Russian words.
4. Expand the understanding of Russian folk tales, nursery rhymes, and chants.
5. Foster respect for Russian culture.
6. Cultivate love for native nature.
Planned result:
1. Expanding ideas about Russian culture, enriching ideas about
traditions of the Russian people, enriching life experience.
2.Knowledge of Russian folk outdoor games.
3. Knowledge of Russian crafts.
4.Knowledge of Russian folk tales, nursery rhymes, chants.
5. Respect for the traditions and culture of the Russian people, interest in cultural
traditions
Project type: creative, educational, short-term.
Participants: middle group children, teacher, parents
Implementation period: three weeks
Venue: MK preschool educational institution \ with "Teremok" Kamenka village
Stage 1 – preparatory
1. Selection of methodological and fiction literature, illustrative
material on the topic.
2. Drawing up a long-term plan.
3.Replenishment of the mumming center with Russian sundresses and kokoshniks for
girls and Russian shirts for boys.
4.Replenishment of the music library with Russian folk melodies and songs.
5.Replenishment of the corner of artistic creativity by Dymkovo and
Filimonov toys, illustrations on the topic.
6.Replenishment of the book corner with new Russian folk books
fairy tales, nursery rhymes.
7. Selection of household items.
8.Choice of a form of work with parents.
9.Selection of main activities.
Working with parents
1.Parent survey.
2.Consultation for parents “Introducing children to folk traditions”
3. Exhibition of children's crafts.
4. Exhibition of works by parents.
Stage 2 – practical.
1 week of the project.
Monday
Educational activities in the morning and evening hours.
Topic of the day: “Happy New Year”
1.d\ game “What’s in Santa Claus’s bag”
Goal: To intensify the use in speech of the names of objects, their parts,
materials.
2.Looking at the “Merry New Year” illustrations. Develop a coherent
speech, learn to share impressions about the New Year celebration.
3.Reading the Russian folk tale “Moroz Ivanovich.” Continue introducing
children with Russian folk tales. Learn to listen carefully
talk about the content of the story.
4.C\r game “Puppet Theater” (artists – spectators). Form a role
interaction. Nurture children's independence and creativity.
5. Sedentary game “Herringbone”. Create an emotionally positive
Theme of the day: “What is Christmas”
1. Conversation on the topic “What is Christmas?” Give children an idea of
folk holiday Christmas. Explain the meaning of unclear words.
2.Reading Christmas carols. Introduce children to the concept of
3.D\ and “Name it correctly” Learn to correctly name objects related
for one holiday or another.
4.P\ and “Carousel” Teach children to speak at a fast and slow pace.
Cultivate interest in folk games.
5. Listening to folk songs, nursery rhymes, chants.
6.Applique “Christmas Angel” Develop creativity
children, perception of the symbols of the national holiday.
Topic of the day: “Santa Claus’s bag”
1.D\ and “Guess by touch” Learn to identify familiar objects by touch, their
quality and purpose.
2. Conversation on the topic “Santa Claus’s bag.” Develop children's active speech.
Improve the ability to listen to your comrades, treat others with respect
to their answers.
3.D\ and “Kind words” Cultivate a desire to use kind and
polite words.
4.C\r game “Toy Store”. Continue learning to play in the game
labor activities of adults.
Theme of the day: “Russian folk tales”
1.D\ and “Who are you?” Activate verbs and adjectives in speech. Pin
knowledge of the heroes of Russian folk tales, their distinctive features.
2.D\ and “Make up a fairy tale.” Learn to compose a fairy tale from a series on a flannelgraph
pictures. Develop children's creativity.
3.Construction of "Teremok". Give children an idea of construction
fairy houses. Develop constructive skills and abilities.
4.Sedentary game “Animal exercise” Relieving emotional
voltage.
5. Folk game “At the Bear in the Forest” Develop physical qualities through
folk games.
Topic of the day: Russian nesting doll.
1.D\ and “Matryoshka” Learn to compare objects by size and arrange them
in ascending and descending order.
2. Conversation on the topic “Russian nesting doll”. Introduce children to the history of creation
Russian nesting doll. Instill a love for Russian culture.
3. Drawing on the theme “Let’s decorate a sundress for a nesting doll.” Form in children
interest in Russian applied art.
4.Learning the dance “We are funny nesting dolls.” Develop plastic movements.
Use folk costumes for dancing.
5.Reading nursery rhymes and songs.
Week 2 of the project
Monday
Topic of the day: “Artisanal Rus'”
1. Conversation on the topic “City of Craftsmen” Introduce children to handicrafts
professions in the ancient city. Cultivate interest in folk art.
2.Looking at illustrations depicting ancient professions.
Continue to introduce the traditions of the Russian people. Cultivate interest in
3.Reading the Russian folk tale “The Cockerel and the Bean Seed.”
Cultivate interest in Russian folk tales, talk about the content
4. Low-moving game “The cat came to the stove.” Develop mindfulness
intelligence, memory.
5. Modeling from salted dough “Horseshoe”. Develop children's creativity.
Topic of the day: Russian folk costume.
1. Conversation on the topic “What our ancestors wore.” Introduce Russian to children
folk costume. Instill respect for Russian folk culture.
2.D \ and “Multi-colored sundress” Show changes in colors, transition from one
colors to another.
3. Drawing on the topic: “Painting the kokoshnik.” Introduce children to
traditional Russian costume and clothing decorations. Bring up
the desire to create ourselves.
4. Memorizing the nursery rhyme “They sent a young lady.” Learn to remember small
according to the length of the poem. Develop children's memory.
5.Reading songs, nursery rhymes, chants.
Topic of the day: “Native nature”
1. Reading stories by V. Bianchi. Cultivate a love for our native nature
2.Looking at illustrations about native nature. Cultivate love for
native land, nature.
4.An evening of riddles about the winter period. To consolidate children's knowledge about the signs of winter,
winter fun. Learn to understand the meaning of riddles.
Topic of the day: “Filimonovskaya toy.”
1. “Filimonov’s favorite toy.” Develop monologue skills
speeches, write descriptive stories. Cultivate interest in
folk toys.
2. D \ and “What without what” Expanding the vocabulary, clarifying the idea of
features of appearance.
3. Folk game "Geese" swans." Cultivate interest in folk
games, love for folk traditions.
4. Application on the theme “Filimonovskaya horse”. Learn to identify
characteristic features of the Filimonov toy, display them in
crafts.
Topic of the day: “Wooden spoon.”
1. Conversation on the topic “Russian folk instruments.” Enrich vocabulary
stock of new words. Cultivate interest in Russian folk culture.
2. Round dance game “All the toys are having fun.” Instill love for Russian
culture, develop children's creative abilities.
3. Listening to the Russian folk song “Ah you canopy” using
spoon games. Continue to introduce children to customs and traditions
Russian people.
4.Cognitive – creative evening “On the customs and traditions of Russian
people." To form an idea of original traditions.
Week 3 of the project
Monday
Topic of the day: “Winter Calls”
1.Looking at illustrations about winter using winter chants.
Continue introduce children to Russian folk art, educate
love for Russian traditions.
2.Russian folk game “Traps in a circle.” Learn to follow the rules of the game.
Cultivate interest in Russian folk games.
3.Reading the Russian folk tale “The Snow Maiden”. Cultivate interest in
folk art.
4. Sedentary game “Don’t wake the bear.” Relieving general fatigue
strengthening the muscular system of the body.
Topic of the day: “Lullabies”
1.Learning lullabies. Learn to perform small volumes
songs. Foster respect for the culture of the people.
2.D \ and “Collect a picture.” Learn to make a whole from parts. Gather
images of heroes of lullabies (cat, wolf, goat, etc.).
3. Listening to recorded lullabies. Continue to introduce people
creativity.
4.C \ p game “Let’s put the doll to sleep.” Develop independence and creativity
children in the game. Cultivate friendly relationships.
Topic of the day: “Man-made miracle”
1.D \ and “Fold the pattern according to the pattern.” Learn to make a pattern from geometric
