Work schedule 4 3. The correct algorithm for calculating wages for a shift work schedule - formulas, example

In this article we will tell you in detail how to create a schedule for working with a sample.

Basic criteria for scheduling work

Kinds

There are three types of work schedules: shift, rotating, weekly. All schedules have both advantages and disadvantages, but their type is necessary to meet the specifics of the work of a particular institution.

The shift schedule is used mainly by organizations with a 24-hour work system. In addition, in those organizations (the majority of them), the schedule assumes that employees work in succession. Sometimes charts calculate the period of joint work of two or more specialties at one workplace; this is mainly found in education, culture and healthcare. Shift work allows for non-stop production. The definition of the shift work schedule is given in the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, Article 103.

The law identifies 2 cases of using a shift schedule:

1. Non-stop (continuity) of the production process. The working hours exceed the daily production norm - 7.2 hours (women), 8 hours - men.
2. Efficiency of the equipment used(stopping the operation of units, or constant switching on/off leads to production losses).

Shift work schedules are compiled according to the forms offered by the electronic version of the program. Shifts, their number, time period are determined, and then the data is entered into the program. Most often, the shift schedule is made for a month in order to change employees in shifts within a month (1,2, night). If shifts are arranged correctly, there will be no overtime for one employee and shortcomings for another.

Shift work schedules can be changed or left unchanged. It all depends on the capabilities and characteristics of production.

Flexitime work is used in institutions where the traveling nature of work (business trips) is used: employees of railway institutions. In their schedules, the start time of the working day (train crews) and the end of the work shift (freight transportation), for road transport (long-distance trips) and other similar services are unknown. The personnel officer records upon receipt of information that the employee has begun his duties and their completion. From the fact of finishing work, the calculation of time for rest begins, then the start time of work (trip, departure on a flight) is determined again, i.e. Truly, the schedule slides according to the calendar and is individual for each individual employee. The electronic version of the sliding schedule allows you to track the hours worked by each member of the work unit. The weekends here are also sliding, only approximate dates are set, and the fact is revealed during the labor process.

Weekly chart is used when employees work out the standard hours without being directly at their workplace every day, but only in the sum of the numerical values ​​of the time worked per week. The departure to work is selected by a specialist and agreed with the head of the department, workshop, etc. individually. This mode is also called flexible working mode. It is considered the most common abroad. There are many benefits to the weekly regimen: increased work efficiency, a decrease in the level of disciplinary violations, and improved psychological health of employees.

Article 102 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation also defines the weekly operating hours. The weekly schedule is used in the following cases:

1. Working outside the office(workplace at home, comes to the organization to receive a task or to coordinate assignments, hand over completed work), so-called homeworkers.
2. Real estate firms where employees are forced to work according to a schedule that is set not by the employer, but by the client. These are, for example, real estate specialists: agents, managers, couriers.
3. Accountant. Nowadays it is becoming fashionable to hire one accountant. Small companies, private entrepreneurs, and individual entrepreneurs prefer not to maintain an accounting staff, but to carry out accounting through a separately hired specialist. In this case, the accountant processes documents at home, or in some room, but outside of production. It makes no sense to set him any kind of work schedule other than a weekly one, since he can complete the entire amount of work at a time convenient for him.

The wages of these employees do not depend on the time worked, so the employees themselves control its implementation. The norm for them corresponds to the norm of ordinary workers, but the regime is different. It is difficult to record the work time of a given employee in a specific schedule, so the form is filled out, indicating the approximate standard of hours, rather than tracking the actual value.

The schedule must include time to restore physical strength. Rest time usually divides the working day into two parts of approximately equal time. Most often, this is one lunch break. The actual length of time used for rest and nutrition is not included. According to Art. 108 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, breaks provided to an employee during a working day (shift) can be no more than 2 hours and less than 30 minutes. There are organizations where they choose short technological breaks, they last no more than 15 minutes.
If you have been tasked with drawing up a work schedule, then you must first decide on the type of schedule that is most appropriate for your organization (enterprise).

Types of charts

There are quite a large number of types of schedules, but most enterprises have now switched to the same unified forms of the electronic version of personnel programs. They allow you not to waste time on creating your own forms, entering formulas and other tasks that programmers perform. The document specialist selects the type of schedule.

Types of charts:

• tabular;
• program;
• diagrammatic.

The schedule is being drawn up in stages.

1. Select an accounting period

It is necessary to set the working time recording period - month, quarter, year. The selected time period directly depends on the nature of production, its specifics, and the characteristics of labor.

Example. College employees must complete an hourly workload from September to May. We distribute the hours of workload for the teacher according to the accounting period. In this case, summer is excluded and included in the vacation period. If the earned vacation time is not enough (for example, vacation is 44 days, the teacher is not involved - 90 days), the teacher is offered rest at his own expense, additional workload or other options. The accounting period in this case is the academic year (and not the financial year).

2. The time fund for servicing a specific workplace is calculated

For each workplace, the fund of serviced time is calculated. Loading the workplace. The load for any type of schedule is calculated in hours and minutes.

For example. The workplace of a turner-milling operator functions according to the action of the machine. The machine works for 3 hours non-stop. After three hours, the unit takes 1.5 hours to cool down. Therefore, the operating time of the machine is 15 hours per day. The last rest for the machine is given for 3 hours. During this time, shift changes can be arranged in the work schedule. Men work on these machines - their working hours are 8 hours, so with the right schedule, you can easily assign two staff units to one machine.

If the employee’s place is used for 24 hours (electrical network manager). This norm is calculated for the accounting period (year) and is evenly distributed over the working time of individual employees.

3. The hourly rate is determined

The duration of work of individual specialties has a different meaning from that of the entire staff. The schedule assigns a value to each employee if his standard working time differs from the standard of work of others.

Example. Various specialists work in an educational institution. The length of their working week is different, for example, a teacher is required to work 36 hours a week, a music director - 24 hours, a teacher - speech therapist - 20 hours. The maximum operating time per month (production rate) is different for them, it should be reflected in the schedule. The load should not be allowed to exceed the norm, as it will require additional financial investments.

4. Counting the number of workers

The number of employees per workplace and the total number of staff are calculated. This number of employees must serve the workplace and fulfill the plan. It turns out the quantitative personnel composition - staff. Standard indicator of staffing units of an enterprise.

Example. The duty dispatcher of the power grid organizes round-the-clock duty at the control panel. The accounting period of its work is calculated for the financial year. The total service time for the dispatcher's workplace is 8760 hours (365 calendar days × 24 hours). We calculate the number required to service this workplace; it is approximately 4.8 people. In practice, an employer can hire five people, or maybe four, distributing part-time wages among employees.

5. A schedule is formed

Job positions are entered into the selected form, then data is filled in for the specialists serving the jobs, and the hourly rate is distributed between them. A production is exhibited that includes all the individual features of each workplace. Weekends and holidays are included. The principle of filling is the principle of uniformity, distribution in approximately equal volumes between specialists.

The number of shifts is calculated and the shifts between employees are recorded.

The main task of creating a schedule is accessibility when perceived by the employee, and simplicity and legibility for calculation by the accounting department. All full-time employees of the enterprise are included in the schedule.
The schedule requires daily adjustments (business trips, time off). If the basic data is entered in advance, this process is easier than entering data every day.

• Salary. The work schedule is the basis for remuneration; it is transferred to the working time sheet and the employee’s wages are calculated. Therefore, it is important to make a schedule in such a way that there is no possibility of erroneous calculations.
• Payment for overtime is based on payment for hours worked by the employee in excess of the norm. Only correct data entered into the chart will give accurate recycling figures.
• Pay for night work. Night work time is considered to be the period from 22:00 to 6:00. In the schedule, night hours are recorded and counted in a separate column. Their pay is higher than regular hours, 35% of the basic salary, in addition to wages for hours worked. The employer, taking into account the complexity of night work, can establish other increased payment indicators.

Now your work schedule is always at hand.

One of the main problems of everyone who works on a shift schedule is to obtain and have a list of shifts at hand. An application called " Shift calendar"was created just so that you can always have at hand a shift schedule not only for yourself, but also for three more people, while all the information is displayed in a convenient form.

Immediately after launch, a calendar appears in front of you and your first action will be to click on the Menu button and select Help. In the window that opens, read very carefully about the basics of using the application. After that, first of all, press the menu button and select Days. In it you can create templates for your working days, choosing not only the appropriate name, but also the beginning of the end of the work shift and the color in which the day will be displayed on the calendar. In total, you can create 30 templates, which is enough to fill your mind. After creating the templates, you need to create the graphics. To do this, press the Menu button and select Charts. Then set the date for the first day, then select the type of day you want to create from the drop-down menu and click on the New button. If you want to change a day that has already been created, select the desired template from the drop-down menu, then click on the day you want to change and click the Edit button. After creating a schedule, it will automatically be superimposed on the calendar.

In the settings, you can enable additional schedules, as well as set an alarm clock, if necessary. Let's summarize: " Shift calendar" is a very convenient and easy-to-use application that will allow you to create a schedule once and use it constantly. Enjoy using it!

Each individual enterprise has its own work schedule. For any company it is determined individually, in accordance with the characteristic features of its production process. Nevertheless, there are generally accepted requirements for scheduling, which we will consider further, and we will also look at how to correctly create a work schedule.

Principles for creating a work schedule

The basic rule that applies when drawing up a schedule is compliance with legal norms. In order for the schedule to comply with these standards, it is important to take into account the length of the working day at the enterprise when creating the schedule. For example, if an organization works in one shift, then the length of the working day should be as close as possible to 8 hours, and the time for an hour-long lunch break should also be taken into account. In addition, it is necessary to pay attention to the type of activity of a particular enterprise, the features of serving visitors and their total number. The work schedule will comply with the legal requirements governing this type of activity only after analyzing the above aspects. When studying the question of how to create a work schedule, you should know that this can be done in several ways.

Types of work routines

In the labor legislation of the Russian Federation, there are several working procedures regulated by established internal rules or a collective agreement. The work schedule is divided into the following types:

1. Work in one shift.
2. Irregular schedule.
3. Flexible schedule.
4. Shift work.
5. Shift method.
6. Part time.

What is a shift schedule

Shift work is a routine where an employee’s schedule may change on different days. Such a system is necessary in organizations that work around the clock. These include:

1. Ambulance.
2. Police.
3. Fire Department.
4. Supermarkets.
5. 24-hour cinemas.
6. Gas stations.
7. Cafe and others.

In addition, they draw up a 2/2 (shift) work schedule, often for banking institutions. Here this is necessary not for the 24-hour operation of the branch, but for customer service over the phone (customer service). An eight-hour working day in this case imposes some inconveniences on workers and management, which can be easily solved by introducing a shift work schedule. You will learn below how to create a shift work schedule.

The legislative framework stipulates that a person must work two shifts per day, the duration of each of which should not be longer than 12 hours. However, in practice there are quite often cases when only one shift works for 24 hours.

Features of a shift work schedule

Depending on the type of activity of the organization, the characteristics of the production process, socio-economic issues and the coordination of work by collective agreement, several shift options are distinguished:

1. So, let's consider the first option - how to create a 12-hour work schedule? This schedule involves working in two shifts. As a rule, these are day shifts - from 8 am to 8 pm and night shifts - from 8 pm to 8 am, 12-hour shifts.

2. Three shifts with a schedule for 4 teams. In factories that carry out a continuous production cycle and have a large staff of workers, it is most profitable to schedule the work of employees in three shifts of 4 teams, three of which work, and one rests. Most often, in such a schedule, the division of working time occurs according to the following principle:

• 4 night trips for 8 hours (from 11 pm to 7 am), then 2 days off.
• 4 day trips (from 7 a.m. to 3 p.m.), then rest.
• 4 evening exits (from 15.00 to 23.00), a day off after.

3. Three shifts for 5 teams. In this case, you can create an employee work schedule as follows:

• Two eight-hour working days in the morning (8.00-16.00), then two days off.
• Two eight-hour evening shifts (from 16.00 to 24.00), a day for rest.
• Two night shifts (from 0.00 to 08.00), three days off.

4. How to create a work schedule for 3/3? It is important to remember here that the duration of weekly continuous rest cannot be less than 42 hours (Article 110 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation), and the work shift time cannot exceed 12 hours.

5. Don’t know how to create a work schedule for 4 people? In this case, you can use the time distribution as in the second point, when three people work and one person rests. Or use the first option - a 2/2 work schedule: two work, two rest.

Night shift is work performed by an employee from 10 pm to 6 am. The duration of this shift should be shorter by one hour, without the need for modification. The point is regulated by Article 96 of the Labor Code.

Who can't work the night shift?

1. Pregnant women.
2. Persons under 18 years of age.
3. Persons who cannot be hired to work at night, in accordance with industry documentation and internal regulations.

In addition, categories of workers have been identified who can be involved in work at night only with their written consent. These include:

1. Women who have children under three years of age.
2. Disabled people.
3. Persons caring for disabled children.
4. Workers caring for sick relatives (this fact must be confirmed by a medical certificate).
5. Single mothers and guardians whose child is less than 5 years old.

The employer has the right to independently choose how to draw up a work schedule in accordance with his needs. It is important to note that the optimal option is a four-shift schedule. Working in two shifts does not have a very favorable effect on the performance of employees, and working in three shifts does not allow for the maximum use of all resources, since a person cannot enter the work mode due to the constant change in working hours.

The legislative framework

The relationship between employer and employee is regulated by the Labor Code, including the preparation of shift work schedules; this issue is covered in Article 103.

Since most often the shift work schedule obliges the employer to form small groups within structural divisions, a collective agreement is drawn up, which spells out the interests of each employee.

When concluding this agreement, the employer is obliged to talk with a representative of the body acting in the interests of employees, as a rule, this is a trade union. The employer is obliged to independently familiarize employees with the approved version of the contract one month before the start of its validity.

Based on the Labor Code, several points can be noted that must be taken into account when drawing up a collective agreement:

1. One worker cannot work two shifts in a row.
2. Each employee must rest at least 42 consecutive hours per week.
3. The total number of working hours should not exceed 40 per week.
4. Breaks during the working day.

Formation of the schedule

Don't know how to create a work schedule? To clearly organize the work process, it is necessary to create an official shift schedule. It must contain the following information:

1. Information about the composition of shifts.
2. Shift start and end time.
3. Work schedule.
4. Time for a break.

There is no specific template for creating a schedule, so it is formed by an authorized person of the organization in free form.

What is important to consider when drawing up a work schedule

There is no clear answer to this question, since each company has its own specifics, so it is impossible to form a specific template. When drawing up a work schedule, the manager must take into account all the specifics of the work, the strengths and weaknesses of the employees, and based on this information, form a suitable composition of shifts and set the optimal working time for them.

The simplest way to create a work schedule is to number the shifts. After this, combine several employee names under one number and set working hours for them. It turns out clear and simple.

Features of scheduling

When creating a work schedule, it is important to remember the following features:

1. Before holidays, shift lengths must be reduced by an hour.
2. With equal pay for day and night shifts, the latter's time should be reduced by an hour.
3. Overtime hours are not included in the schedule.
4. If a shift falls on a calendar day off, it is still a working day. Pre-holidays and public holidays that fall on calendar weekends are not postponed.
5. Holidays are paid at double rate.
6. For working on a working holiday, an employee can ask for an extra day of rest, in which case payment for the shift is made according to the standard form.

Putting the work schedule into effect

As mentioned above, in order to introduce a new work schedule, it is necessary to draw up a collective agreement. The work schedule for shifts must certainly be regulated by internal regulations.

Each employee must be familiar with the shift schedule upon hiring; this fact is recorded in the employment agreement.

Most often, difficulties arise during the transition to a shift work schedule. Employees must be notified in writing of changes in schedule at least 2 months in advance. If shift work negatively affects the performance of other duties, then formal changes must be made to the employment contract. If this is impossible, then after a two-month period of work under the previous schedule, if there is a lack of space or the employee refuses, he may be fired.

A new work schedule is most often introduced by local regulations. The director issues an order or instruction indicating all the necessary information about the work of the shifts. Each employee is obliged to read the document and give his written consent.

How to eliminate recycling

Enterprises switching to a new working regime most often change the procedure for recording labor time, moving from a standard weekly rate to summarized accounting. With this scheme, recycling can be calculated as follows:

1. The employer determines a large reporting period of time - a month, a quarter, and most often a year (accordingly, it is also necessary to draw up a work schedule for the year in advance).
2. It is calculated how many shifts there can be with the available work schedule.
3. The number of shifts is compared with the teams.
4. Up-to-date conclusions about processing are drawn.

Example

So, let's look at an example of how to create a work schedule to eliminate overtime? When analyzing the most popular work schedule, “one after three,” an employee will work approximately 1,974 hours per year. When dividing this figure by 24 (hours per day), the result is 82 shifts per year. That is, 4 employees, in accordance with the law, can only work 329 working days. Even taking into account overtime, which cannot exceed 120 hours per year, employees will only be able to work 342 working days. In order to eliminate overtime, it will be necessary to attract 5 or 6 workers to production.

This is what a summary of working hours looks like. By performing simple mathematical calculations, an employer can easily understand whether his shifts fit into the work schedule or not. In addition, you can use special programs for this purpose that allow you to build work processes. And also in them you will learn how to create a work schedule for 3 people, for example, since doing this manually is quite difficult. With their help, you can figure out scheduling much faster.

Conclusion

So, in conclusion, we can say that employees working on a shift schedule have all the rights provided for by the Labor Code. Among them, the following should be highlighted:

1. The duration of continuous working time cannot exceed that established by law.
2. The number of hours of rest for an employee per week is regulated by Article 110 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation.
3. One worker is prohibited from working two shifts in a row.
4. A shift is considered a night shift when more than 50% of its time falls between 10 pm and 6 am.
5. If the work schedule is not agreed upon with the trade union or the accepted schedule is violated, its legality may be challenged in court.
6. If it is necessary to work on a holiday, the employee has the right to receive another day of rest or pay at a double rate.

The article will be useful to managers of large organizations and departments that employ many people. A sample work schedule (you can download a ready-made example in Excel below) will help plan the uninterrupted work of employees and avoid situations when everyone is absent for some reason and there is no one to work.

What is a work schedule

Labor legislation stipulates that an employee may have standardized or irregular working hours. It is installed rules internal labor regulations, collective agreements, agreements, and for employees whose regime differs from the general rules - an employment contract.

The normal working hours include the following modes: a 5-day week with 2 days off, a 6-day week with 1 day off, a week with days off on a rotating schedule or a part-time work week; in case of irregular hours, a shift schedule is established for some categories of employees. This is a document that is established in accordance with Art. 103 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation and is introduced in cases where the duration of the production process exceeds the employee’s working time. In production, groups of employees replace each other to ensure continuity of the process, and there is a need to work or provide services around the clock. In order to keep their working hours within the norm, shift schedules are introduced. As a rule, they are annexed to the collective agreement, and when approved, the opinion of the representative body of workers is taken into account.

So, an employee is given a certain work schedule, for example, he works for two days, then rests for two days. During the two days that he rests, another worker takes his place. In such circumstances, the regime qualifies as shift work and requires the preparation of a specific work schedule. This is why you need a sample employee work schedule for a month.

Download a monthly work schedule sample blank form

What are the differences from a time sheet?

It is necessary to distinguish the document recording the working regime from that maintained by the employer in accordance with the requirements of Art. 91 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation and is a kind of document recording how much employees worked, as a rule, per month. The norm is 40 working hours per week. The employer is obligated to keep records of actual time worked for each employee.

There are no special requirements for familiarization with the report card within a certain period and there is no need to coordinate it with the representative body of employees. The employer can only not exceed the established duration of the working day and provide workers with rest in accordance with the requirements of Art. 110 Labor Code of the Russian Federation.

Keeping timesheets is mandatory for any organization. But with a continuous flow, when people work in shifts, a working time schedule is required. You can download the Excel work schedule template below.

In both cases, it is necessary to specify these features in the employment contract in the section that concerns the working hours.

Free download in Excel working time schedule for 2019

Why do you need a work schedule?

Its functions are quite diverse. It is required for:

• streamlining employee work time;
• to calculate wages when fulfilling specific obligations;
• to calculate average earnings;
• to calculate benefits;
• when determining the employee’s insurance length;
• to avoid errors when determining earnings and compensation for vacation (in addition to time sheets, it can also be a document on the basis of which wages and other payments are calculated);
• to identify overtime overtime and determine additional payments.

After approval, the team is introduced to it under signature one month before its implementation. If a signature is refused, a special act is drawn up signed by two witnesses. Failure to comply with the established regime is a serious disciplinary offense.

Who fills it out

A sample schedule for employees to go to work for the next month is drawn up by the manager or the person responsible for drawing up such a document, authorized in accordance with the order. In practice, this is usually done by a personnel employee, but this is wrong. The schedule should be drawn up by the head of the structural unit.

After drawing up, the document is finally approved and signed by the head of the organization or a separate structural unit. For simplicity, you can download a sample work schedule in Excel and use it as a template.

Is there a required form?

Due to the lack of an established unified form, each employer can independently develop its own document form. You can use our example for this.

It must contain a complete list of employees indicating their positions. After the names, the days on which a particular person will have to go to work are noted. It is advisable to develop the document in such a way as to prevent shortcomings or overwork beyond normal working hours, as well as to ensure optimal workload on the team and on production processes. The schedule is most often developed for a month.

Filling procedure

A sample monthly work schedule table, a blank form, is filled out taking into account the working hours in accordance with the internal labor regulations in force in the organization. It indicates the beginning and end, duration of the working day, breaks, number of shifts, alternation of work and rest.

The length of the day is regulated by internal regulations, taking into account the working time regime established by the employment contract. A reduced working day may also be provided, as, for example, in industries with harmful and dangerous conditions (Part 4 of Article 94 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation) or when the work of disabled people and minors takes place (Parts 1, 3 of Article 94 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation) ).

Download a free monthly employee work schedule form

Where and how long is it stored?

Order of the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation dated August 25, 2010 No. 558 (as amended on February 16, 2016) “On approval of the “List of standard management archival documents generated in the course of the activities of state bodies, local governments and organizations, indicating storage periods”” (registered with the Ministry of Justice Russia 09/08/2010 No. 18380) established a list for storing documents indicating deadlines.

According to paragraph 586 of the order, time sheets (schedules), workday logs are stored for 5 years; when working with difficult, harmful and dangerous working conditions, the storage period is set at 75 years.

However, some sources believe that this paragraph concerns time sheets, not work schedules, and that this paragraph does not apply to the latter document.

Still, some employers prefer to store such documents for a year in the human resources or accounting department in case of a labor dispute with an employee regarding the issue of standardization of working hours or payroll.

A shift work schedule is a work schedule according to which the working hours of an enterprise employee may vary on different days. The introduction of such a labor regime is advisable when the production process is continuous and requires constant management and control by workers. You can learn about the essence, features and procedure for introducing a shift work schedule in this article.

Shift work schedule: Labor Code (Labor Code of the Russian Federation)

Shift work schedule is regulated by Art. 103 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. According to this article, a shift work schedule (work in 2, 3 or 4 shifts) is established in institutions where the production process exceeds the permissible standard duration of daily work, as well as for the purpose of maximizing the efficient use of machinery and equipment, increasing the volume of products produced, goods (services provided) ).

The shift work schedule provides for the division of all workers into certain groups, each of which is obliged to work within the approved duration of working hours in accordance with the shift schedule.

Since the shift schedule is an annex (addition) to the collective agreement and directly affects the interests of employees, during its preparation the employer is obliged to take into account the position and opinion of the representative body of employees, which, as a rule, is a trade union organization. The procedure for achieving consensus between the employer and the representative body is established by Art. 372 Labor Code of the Russian Federation.

The employer is obliged to properly familiarize employees with the approved shift schedule no later than one month before the start of its introduction into the production process.

What does a shift work schedule mean?

A shift work schedule is established in institutions where the production process exceeds the standard permissible working day, as well as in order to maximize the efficient use of machinery and equipment, increase the volume of products produced, goods (services provided). They work in 2, 3, 4 shifts.

The need to introduce just such an organization of work arises when an institution, by its nature or social necessity, must work continuously, or with short breaks. In this case, workers are divided into certain groups (teams), which consistently perform work to avoid interruptions or stops in the production (technological) process.

Labor legislation does not regulate or interpret the concept of “group of employees,” however, it is not prohibited to establish a shift schedule for a group of 2 employees. The main rule is that employees should not work 2 or more shifts in a row, which is strictly prohibited by Part 5 of Art. 103 Labor Code of the Russian Federation.

Working with a shift schedule (mode): night shift and its features

In accordance with the content of Art. 96 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, the night shift is considered to be the implementation by an employee of his labor functions in the period from 22 to 6 o’clock. The duration of such a shift is reduced by 1 hour without further work.

This article also lists employees who are prohibited from being assigned to work on the night shift. These include:

1. Pregnant women.
2. Minors, with the exception of those who create or perform artistic works.
3. Other employees. A list of such persons may be provided both in industry regulations and in local regulations of the enterprise.

Persons who may be involved in night work with their prior written consent include:

1. Women with children under 3 years of age.
2. Disabled people, regardless of disability group.
3. Persons with a disabled child.
4. Workers caring for sick family members. This fact must be confirmed by a medical certificate (act) of the established form.
5. Single mothers and fathers, guardians raising children under 5 years of age.

Institutions and enterprises operating on the basis of shift work

Art. 103 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation directly determines that a shift work schedule can be established only in those enterprises (institutions) where the production process is continuous and requires constant management and control by workers. This:

1. Continuous production. These include chemical, metallurgical, woodworking, automobile manufacturing and other plants and factories, the shutdown of which could cause stagnation or failure of one or more sectors of the national economy. Stopping some of them, such as blast furnaces for smelting iron, can lead to serious industrial accidents.
2. Emergency (emergency) services. The population needs the services of police, fire, medical, and gas services around the clock. The nature of working time at such enterprises is quite heterogeneous (unstable), since it directly depends on the occurrence of certain events (accidents, emergency calls, etc.) that require immediate action.
3. Trade and service establishments: convenience stores and supermarkets, some canteens and restaurants and others.
4. Infrastructure enterprises. The transport system must ensure round-the-clock transportation of goods and passengers, and therefore almost all railway, road, sea, river, aviation and pipeline companies operate on a shift work basis.
5. Enterprises where the production process, through the introduction of a shift work schedule, can ensure the most efficient use of equipment and premises.

Procedure for registering a shift schedule

The shift schedule is created and developed by the employer. To do this, he must analyze and determine the features of the technological and production process of a certain enterprise, correctly and expediently form groups (teams) of employees who will work in separate shifts.

The employer must remember that a complete and correct shift schedule must include the following data:

• the order of rotation of the composed shifts;
• the duration of work of each shift, indicating the beginning and end of the work period;
• number of people per shift;
• availability and timing of breaks.

As a rule, the shift schedule is an addition to the collective agreement, but not every enterprise has a collective agreement approved. In such cases, labor legislation allows employers to make the shift schedule an addition to the internal regulations or a separate local act.

Despite the nature and procedure for drawing up the shift schedule, it must be agreed upon with the trade union of the relevant organization. If the enterprise does not have a trade union body, approval is not required, since Art. 371 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation provides for the possibility (and obligation) of agreement exclusively with the trade union.

Shift work mode: what to remember

Citizens working on a shift work schedule have all the rights guaranteed by labor legislation. Both employer and employee need to remember that:

• The duration of working hours for the selected period (month, quarter, etc.) cannot exceed the working time limits established by law.
• The duration of a shift for a separate group of workers cannot exceed the limits established by Art. 94 Labor Code of the Russian Federation.
• According to the norm of Article 110 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, an employee’s weekly uninterrupted rest cannot be less than 42 hours.
• An employer is prohibited from obliging an employee to work 2 shifts in a row.
• A night shift is considered to be a work shift in which at least ½ of the working time is at night (from 22:00 to 6:00). Therefore, night shift does not have to be strictly included in this time frame.
• If the employer missed or incorrectly completed the stage of agreeing on the shift schedule with the trade union (if there is one), the validity of such a document can be challenged in a court of general jurisdiction.
• If an employee is required to work on a holiday (according to the shift schedule), then he has the right to double payment for his work or to choose another day of rest. In the latter case, work on a holiday will be calculated in a single amount.

Shift work is a specific type of organization of working time and is regulated by Art. 94, 103 Labor Code of the Russian Federation. With a shift work system, each team (group) of workers must work during the assigned working hours in accordance with the shift schedule. This organization of working time allows the enterprise to carry out continuous activities, produce the maximum possible quantity of products, and use equipment and premises more economically and rationally. However, establishing a shift schedule requires the employer to comply with general and special labor standards and ensure the interests of production and workers.