By performing secret abortions, she saved women from the sadistic experiments of Dr. Mengele. The scary ideas of Dr. Mengele

The twin phenomenon has long been seen as having vital implications for the study of genetics and behavior, as well as a wide range of other fields such as inherited diseases, the genetics of obesity, the genetic basis of common diseases, and many others.

But in the background of all the most ordinary modern studies of twins there will always be the shadow of a cruel Nazi doctor Joseph Mengele, who conducted the most perverted and savage experiments on twins for the glory of the science of the Third Reich.

Mengele worked in a Polish concentration camp Auschwitz (Auschwitz), built in 1940 and which also carried out experiments on homosexuals, the disabled, the mentally handicapped, gypsies and prisoners of war. During his time at Auschwitz, Mengele experimented on more than 1,500 pairs of twins, of whom only about 300 survived.

Mengele was obsessed with twins, he considered them the key to the salvation of the Aryan race and dreamed of blue-eyed, blonde women giving birth to several of the same blue-eyed and blond-haired babies at a time. Every time a new batch of prisoners arrived at the concentration camp, Mengele, with burning eyes, carefully looked for twins among them and, having found them, sent them to a special barracks, where the twins were classified according to their age and gender.

Many of these twins, who went through all the circles of hell in this barracks, were no more than 5-6 years old. At first it seemed that there might be salvation for them here, since they were fed well here, compared to other barracks, and they did not kill (immediately).

In addition, Mengele often appeared here to examine certain twins and brought with him sweets that he treated to the children. For the children, exhausted by the road, hunger and hardships, he seemed like a kind and caring uncle who joked with them and even played.

A pair of twin girls from Auschwitz

Twin children also did not have their heads shaved and were often allowed to keep their own clothes. They were also not sent to forced labor, were not beaten, and were even allowed to go outside to take a walk. At first, they were also not particularly tortured, mainly limited to blood tests.

However, all this was just a facade to keep the children in a calm and as natural state as possible for the sake of the purity of the experiments. Real horrors awaited the children in the future.

The experiments involved injecting various chemicals into the twins' eyes to see if it was possible to change eye color. These experiments often resulted in severe pain, eye infection, and temporary or permanent blindness.

Attempts have also been made to "sew" twins together to artificially create conjoined twins.

Mengele also used the method of infecting one of the twins with infections and then dissecting both experimental subjects in order to examine and compare the affected organs. There are facts that Mengele injected children with certain substances, the nature of which was never determined, which had many side effects, from loss of consciousness to severe pain or instant death. Only one of the twins received these substances.

Sometimes the twins were kept apart from each other and one of them was subjected to physical or mental torture, while the state of the other twin at these moments was carefully observed and the slightest signs of anxiety were recorded. This was done to study the mysterious psychic connection between twins, about which there have always been many tales.

The twins were given a complete blood transfusion from one to the other, and surgery was performed without anesthesia to castrate or sterilize (one twin was operated on, and the other was left as a control sample).

If, during fatal experiments on two twins, one somehow survived, he was still killed, since he was no longer valuable alive.

A lot of information about Mengele's cruel experiments is known only from those about 300 surviving twins. For example, in an interview with journalists, Vera Kriegel, who was kept in a barracks with her twin sister, said that one day she was brought to an office where there were jars with the eyes of children taken out along the entire wall.

"I looked at this wall of human eyes. They were different colors - blue, green, brown. These eyes looked at me like a collection of butterflies, and I fell to the floor in shock."

Kriegel and her sister were subjected to the following experiments - the sisters were kept in two wooden boxes and given painful injections into their eyes to change their color. Kriegel also said that in parallel with them, an experiment was done on another pair of twins and they were infected with the terrible Noma disease (water cancer), from which their faces and genitals were covered with painful boils.

Eva Moses Core

Another girl who survived Eva Moses Core was held in Auschwitz with her twin sister Miriam from the age of 10 from 1944 to 1945, until they were liberated by Soviet soldiers. All the girls' siblings (parents, aunts, uncles, cousins) were killed immediately when they were brought to the concentration camp, and the girls were separated from them.

“When the door of our cow car opened, I heard the SS soldiers shouting “Schnell! Schnell!" and they started throwing us outside. My mother grabbed Miriam and me by the hand, she always tried to protect us because we were the smallest in the family. People came out very quickly and then I noticed that my father and my two older sisters gone.

Then it was our turn and the soldier shouted “Twins! Twins!” He stopped to look at us. Miriam and I were very similar to each other, it was immediately noticeable. “Are they twins?” the soldier asked my mother. “Is this good?” asked my mother. The soldier nodded his head affirmatively. “They are twins,” my mother said then.

After this, an SS guard took Miriam and me away from our mother without any warning or explanation. We screamed very loudly as we were carried away. I remember looking back and seeing my mother’s arms stretched out towards us in desperation.”

Eva Moses Core told a lot about the experiments in the barracks. She talked about gypsy twins who were sewn together back to back and their organs and blood vessels were connected to each other. After which they screamed in agony without stopping until their screams were silenced by gangrene and death three days later.

Kor also recalls a strange experiment that lasted 6 days and during which the sisters just had to sit without clothes for 8 hours. After which they were examined and something was written down. But they also had to go through more terrible experiments, during which they were given incomprehensible painful injections. At the same time, the despair and fear of the girls seemed to cause great pleasure in Mengele.

“One day we were taken to a laboratory, which I call the blood laboratory. They took a lot of blood from my left arm and gave me several injections in my right arm. Some of them were very dangerous, although we did not know all the names and still don’t know them today.

After one of these injections I felt very ill and had a very high fever. My arms and legs were very swollen and there were red spots all over my body. Maybe it was typhus, I don't know. No one ever told us what they were doing to us.

I received a total of five injections then. I was shaking a lot due to the high temperature. In the morning Mengele and Dr. Konig and three other doctors came. They looked at my fever and Mengele said, chuckling, “It’s a pity she’s so young. She only has two weeks to live.” "

Incredibly, Eva and Miriam managed to live to see the day when the Soviet Army liberated the prisoners of Auschwitz. Kor says she was too young at the time to fully understand what was being done to them. But years later, Kor founded the CANDLES (Children of Auschwitz Nazi Deadly Lab Experiments Survivors) program and with its help began searching for other surviving twins from the Auschwitz barracks.

Eva Morses Kor managed to locate 122 couples who lived in ten countries and four continents, and then, through many negotiations and great efforts, all these surviving twins managed to meet in Jerusalem in February 1985.

"We talked to many of them and I learned that there were many other experiments. For example, twins who were over 16 years old were used in cross-gender blood transfusion. This is when the blood of a man is transfused into a woman and vice versa. They did not check of course, whether this blood was compatible and most of these twins died.

There are twins with the same experience in Australia, Stephanie and Annette Heller, and there is Judith Malik from Israel, who had a brother, Sullivan. Judith revealed that she was used in this experiment with her brother. She remembered that she was lying on the table during the experiment, and her brother was lying next to him and his body was quickly cooling down. He died. She survived, but then she had many health problems."

Eva Moses Core and Miriam Moses

Because of the experiments in the Mengele barracks, Eva Moses Cor Miriam's sister was left with kidney problems for the rest of her life. Mengele conducted experiments on kidneys with twins, partly because he himself had suffered from kidney problems since the age of 16. He was deeply interested in understanding how the kidneys worked and how to treat kidney problems.

Miriam had problems with the growth of her kidneys, and after the birth of her children, her kidney problem became even more complicated and none of the antibiotics helped her. Eva eventually donated one of her own kidneys to save her sister in 1987, but Miriam died of kidney complications in 1993, and doctors are still not sure what substances were injected into her to cause all these complications. .

It still remains a mystery what exactly results Mengele wanted to achieve with the twins and whether he succeeded in any of his plans. Most of the drugs and substances he administered to the twins remained unknown.

When Soviet soldiers liberated the death camp, Mengele managed to escape and take refuge, but was soon captured by American soldiers. Unfortunately, he was not identified as a Nazi there and managed to escape again.

He left Europe and hid in Argentina in 1949, where he went to great lengths to remain undetected for decades before finally drowning at a resort in Brazil in 1979. Very little is known about what This is what Mengele was doing during these decades in exile and because of this there is a lot of speculation and rumors of varying degrees of veracity.

Mengele (third from right) in the 1970s somewhere in South America

One conspiracy theory is that Mengele never stopped being obsessed with the twins even after fleeing to South America. Argentine historian Jorge Camarasa wrote about this in his book “Mengele: Angel of Death in South America”.

After spending years researching Mengele's activities in the region, the historian discovered that residents of the town of Cándido Godoy, Brazil, claimed that Mengele visited their town several times during the 1960s as a veterinarian and then offered various medical services to local women.

Soon after these visits, there was a real surge in twin births in the city and many of them had blond hair and blue eyes. It is likely that in this city, which became Mengele's new laboratory, he finally succeeded in fulfilling his dreams of a mass birth of blue-eyed Aryan twins.

Twins Candida-Godoi

Joseph Mengele, a German doctor who conducted medical experiments on prisoners of the Auschwitz concentration camp during World War II, was born on March 6, 1911. Mengele was personally involved in the selection of prisoners arriving at the camp, and conducted criminal experiments on prisoners, including men, children and women. Tens of thousands of people became its victims.

The terrible experiments of Dr. Mengele - the Nazi "Doctor Death"

"Death Factory" Auschwitz (Auschwitz) gained more and more terrible fame. If in the remaining concentration camps there was at least some hope of survival, then most of the Jews, Gypsies and Slavs staying in Auschwitz were destined to die either in gas chambers, or from backbreaking labor and serious illnesses, or from the experiments of a sinister doctor who was one one of the first persons meeting new arrivals at the train.

Auschwitz was known as a place where human experiments were carried out

Participation in the selection was one of his favorite “entertainment”. He always came to the train, even when it was not required of him. Looking perfect, smiling, happy, he decided who would die now and who would go on experiments. It was difficult to deceive his keen eye: Mengele always accurately saw the age and state of health of people. Many women, children under 15 and old people were immediately sent to the gas chambers. Only 30 percent of prisoners managed to avoid this fate and temporarily delay the date of their death.

Dr. Mengele always accurately saw the age and state of health of people

Joseph Mengele thirsted for power over people's destinies. It is not surprising that Auschwitz became a real paradise for the Angel of Death, who was capable of exterminating hundreds of thousands of defenseless people at a time, which he demonstrated in the very first days of work at the new place, when he ordered the extermination of 200 thousand Gypsies.

Chief physician of Birkenau (one of the inner camps of Auschwitz) and head of the research laboratory, Dr. Josef Mengele.

“On the night of July 31, 1944, a terrible scene of the destruction of a gypsy camp took place. Kneeling before Mengele and Boger, women and children begged for their life. But it did not help. They were brutally beaten and forced into trucks. It was a terrible, nightmarish sight,” say surviving eyewitnesses.

Human life meant nothing to the “Angel of Death.” Mengele was cruel and merciless. Is there a typhus epidemic in the barracks? This means we will send the entire barracks to the gas chambers. This is the best way to stop the disease.

Joseph Mengele chose who to live and who to die, who to sterilize, who to operate on.

All experiments of the Angel of Death boiled down to two main tasks: to find an effective way that could influence the reduction in the birth rate of races disliked by the Nazis, and by all means to increase the birth rate of the Aryans.

Mengele had his own associates and followers. One of them was Irma Grese, a sadist who worked as a guard in the women's block. She took pleasure in tormenting the prisoners; she could take the lives of prisoners only because she was in a bad mood.

The head of the labor service of the women's block of the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp - Irma Grese and his commandant SS Hauptsturmführer (Captain) Joseph Kramer under British escort in the courtyard of the prison in Celle, Germany.

Josef Mengele had followers. For example, Irma Grese, who is capable of taking the lives of prisoners due to a bad attitude

Josef Mengele's first task in reducing the birth rate was to develop the most effective method of sterilization for men and women. So he operated on boys and men without anesthesia and exposed women to X-rays.

To reduce the birth rate of Jews, Slavs and Gypsies, Mengele proposed the development of an effective method for sterilizing men and women

1945 Poland. Auschwitz concentration camp. Children, prisoners of the camp, are waiting for their release.

Eugenics, if you look at encyclopedias, is the study of human selection, that is, a science that seeks to improve the properties of heredity. Scientists making discoveries in eugenics argue that the human gene pool is degenerating and this must be fought.

Joseph Mengele believed that in order to breed a pure race, it is necessary to understand the reasons for the appearance of people with genetic “anomalies”

Joseph Mengele, as a representative of eugenics, faced an important task: in order to breed a pure race, it is necessary to understand the reasons for the appearance of people with genetic “anomalies”. That is why the Angel of Death was of great interest in dwarfs, giants and other people with genetic abnormalities.

Seven brothers and sisters, originally from the Romanian town of Rosvel, lived in a labor camp for almost a year.

When it came to experiments, people had their teeth and hair pulled out, extracts of cerebrospinal fluid were taken, unbearably hot and unbearably cold substances were poured into their ears, and terrible gynecological experiments were performed.

“The most terrible experiments of all were gynecological ones. Only those of us who were married went through them. We were tied to a table and systematic torture began. They inserted some objects into the uterus, pumped out blood from there, picked out the insides, pierced us with something and took pieces of samples. The pain was unbearable."

The results of the experiments were sent to Germany. Many scientific minds came to Auschwitz to listen to Joseph Mengele's reports on eugenics and experiments on Lilliputians.

Many scientific minds came to Auschwitz to listen to the reports of Josef Mengele

"Twins!" - this cry echoed over the crowd of prisoners, when suddenly the next twins or triplets timidly huddled together were discovered. They were kept alive and taken to a separate barracks, where the children were well fed and even given toys. A sweet, smiling doctor with a steely gaze often came to see them: he treated them to sweets and gave them rides around the camp in his car. However, Mengele did all this not out of sympathy or out of love for the children, but only with the cold calculation that they would not be afraid of his appearance when the time came for the next twins to go to the operating table. “My guinea pigs” was what the merciless Doctor Death called the twin children.

The interest in twins was not accidental. Mengele was worried about the main idea: if every German woman, instead of one child, gave birth to two or three healthy ones at once, the Aryan race could finally be reborn. That is why it was very important for the Angel of Death to study in the smallest detail all the structural features of identical twins. He hoped to understand how to artificially increase the birth rate of twins.

The twin experiments involved 1,500 pairs of twins, of which only 200 survived.

The first part of the experiments on twins was harmless enough. The doctor needed to carefully examine each pair of twins and compare all their body parts. Arms, legs, fingers, hands, ears and noses were measured centimeter by centimeter.

The Angel of Death meticulously recorded all measurements in tables. Everything is as it should be: on the shelves, neatly, precisely. As soon as the measurements were completed, the experiments on the twins moved into another phase. It was very important to check the body’s reactions to certain stimuli. To do this, they took one of the twins: he was injected with some dangerous virus, and the doctor observed: what will happen next? All results were again recorded and compared with the results of the other twin. If a child became very ill and was on the verge of death, then he was no longer interesting: he, while still alive, was either opened up or sent to a gas chamber.

Joseph Menge used 1,500 pairs in his experiments on twins, of which only 200 survived

The twins received blood transfusions, internal organ transplants (often from a pair of other twins), and dye segments injected into their eyes (to test whether brown Jewish eyes could become blue Aryan eyes). Many experiments were carried out without anesthesia. The children screamed and begged for mercy, but nothing could stop Mengele.

The idea is primary, the life of the “little people” is secondary. Dr. Mengele dreamed of revolutionizing the world (in particular the world of genetics) with his discoveries.

So the Angel of Death decided to create Siamese twins by stitching together gypsy twins. The children suffered terrible torment and blood poisoning began.

Joseph Mengele with a colleague at the Institute of Anthropology, Human Genetics and Eugenics. Kaiser Wilhelm. Late 1930s.

While doing terrible things and conducting inhuman experiments on people, Joseph Mengele everywhere hides behind science and his idea. At the same time, many of his experiments were not only inhumane, but also meaningless, not bringing any discovery to science. Experiments for the sake of experiments, torture, infliction of pain.

The Ovitz and Shlomowitz families and 168 twins enjoyed their long-awaited freedom. The children ran towards their saviors, crying and hugging. Is the nightmare over? No, he will now haunt the survivors for the rest of his life. When they feel bad or when they are sick, the ominous shadow of the mad Doctor Death and the horrors of Auschwitz will appear to them again. It was as if time had turned back and they were back in their 10th barracks.

Auschwitz, children in a camp liberated by the Red Army, 1945.

1. Biography
2. Ideology
3. Psyche
4. Mengele's experiments
5. Escape from justice

Biography of Joseph Mengele

He was born on March 16, 1911 in Bavaria in the family of a large businessman, as they say now. His father founded a farming equipment company called Karl Mengele and Sons. Yes, the Angel of Death had a full-fledged family, there were parents, there were brothers. Father - Karl Mengele, mother - Walburgi Hapfaue, two brothers - Alois and Karl. From the memoirs of the scientist himself, if you can call him that, a cruel matriarchy reigned in the family. Everything was subject to the routine established by the mother of the family. She often humiliated her husband in front of her children and argued with him over financial and social issues. There is information that when Karl bought a car, his wife nagged him for a long time and cruelly for wasting family funds. Joseph also recalls that both parents did not show much love for their children and demanded unquestioning obedience, diligence and diligence in their studies. Maybe this is one of the reasons why Mengele’s experiments will make entire generations of people terrified in the future.

That same year, the doctor joined the SS Army, where he was awarded the Iron Cross and the title of Hauptsturmführer for saving two wounded servicemen from a burning tank. A year later, he was wounded and was transferred to the reserve due to poor health. He became a doctor at Auschwitz in 1943 and in twenty-one months managed to kill and torture hundreds of prisoners.

Ideology

Naturally, the root cause of such a brutal attitude towards people was ideology. At that time, many questions worried the German authorities, and they gave various scientific tasks to their wards, fortunately there was more than enough material for conducting experiments - there was a war. Joseph believed that the only worthy race, the Aryans, should become the leading race on the planet and rule over all others,

Psyche

Mengele's experiments

To write this article, I dug through a lot of information on the Internet and was surprised by what people write about Joseph. Yes, he was a ruthless psychopath who destroyed hundreds of people, but the results of many experiments are still used in medical textbooks. Thanks to his pedantry and developed intellect, he made a great contribution to the science of the human body. And his activities concerned not only dwarfs and twins. At the beginning of his, so to speak, career, Mengele conducted experiments to find out the limits of human capabilities and options for resuscitating victims. The laboratory was interested in frostbite, when a person was covered with ice and biometric indicators were measured until death, and sometimes they tried to resuscitate him. When one of the prisoners died, they brought another.

Above is one of the experiments with cold water.

The Ovitz family is pictured above. It is unclear what could make these people smile.

Escape from justice

Sylvia and her mother, like most Jews from that region, were sent to the Auschwitz concentration camp, on the main gate of which only three words promising suffering and death are inscribed in clear letters - Edem Das Seine.. (Abandon hope, all who enter here..).
Despite the severity of her stay in the camp, Sylvia was childishly happy - after all, her own mother was nearby. But they didn't have to be together for long. One day a dapper German officer appeared in the family block. His name was Joseph Mengele, also known by the nickname Angel of Death. Looking carefully at the faces, he walked in front of the lined up prisoners. Sylvia's mother realized that this was the beginning of the end. Her face was distorted by a desperate grimace, filled with suffering and grief. But her face was destined to reflect an even more terrible grimace, not even a grimace, but a mask of Death, when in a few days she would suffer on the operating table of the inquisitive Joseph Mengele. So, a few days later Sylvia, along with other children, was transferred to children's block 15. So she parted forever with her mother, who soon, as already noted, found death under the knife of the Angel of Death.

The first concentration camp in Germany was opened in 1933. The last one working was captured by Soviet troops in 1945. Between these two dates there are millions of tortured prisoners who died from backbreaking work, strangled in gas chambers, shot by the SS. And those who died from “medical experiments.” >>> Nobody knows for sure how many of these last ones there were. Hundreds of thousands. Why are we writing about this many years after the end of the war? Because inhumane experiments on people in Nazi concentration camps are also History, the history of medicine. Its darkest, but no less interesting page...

Medical experiments were carried out in almost all of the largest concentration camps in Nazi Germany. Among the doctors who led these experiments there were many completely different people.

Dr. Wirtz was involved in lung cancer research and studied surgical options. Professor Clauberg and Dr. Schumann, as well as Dr. Glauberg, conducted experiments on sterilization of people in the concentration camp of the Konighütte Institute.

Dr. Dohmenom in Sachsenhausen worked on research into infectious jaundice and the search for a vaccine against it. Professor Hagen in Natzweiler studied typhus and also looked for a vaccine. The Germans also researched malaria. Many camps conducted research into the effects of various chemicals on humans.

There were people like Rasher. His experiments in studying methods of warming frostbitten people brought him fame, many awards in Nazi Germany and, as it later turned out, real results. But he fell into the trap of his own theories. In addition to his main medical activities, he carried out orders from the authorities. And by exploring the possibilities of infertility treatment, he deceived the regime. His children, whom he passed off as his own, turned out to be adopted, and his wife was infertile. When the Reich found out about this, the doctor and his wife were sent to a concentration camp, and at the end of the war they were executed.

There were mediocrities, such as Arnold Dohmen, who infected people with hepatitis and tried to treat them by puncturing the liver. This heinous act had no scientific value, which was clear to Reich specialists from the very beginning.

Or people like Hermann Voss, who did not personally participate in the experiments, but studied the materials of other people’s experiments with blood, obtaining information through the Gestapo. Every German medical student knows his anatomy textbook today.

Or such fanatics as Professor August Hirt, who studied the corpses of those who were exterminated at Auschwitz. A doctor who experimented on animals, on people, and on himself.

But our story is not about them. Our story tells of Josef Mengele, remembered in History as the Angel of Death or Doctor Death, a cold-blooded man who killed his victims by injecting chloroform into their hearts so he could personally perform autopsies and observe their internal organs.

Josef Mengele, the most famous of the Nazi doctor-criminals, was born in Bavaria in 1911. He studied philosophy at the University of Munich and medicine at the University of Frankfurt. In 1934 he joined the SA and became a member of the National Socialist Party, and in 1937 he joined the SS. He worked at the Institute of Hereditary Biology and Racial Hygiene. Thesis topic: "Morphological studies of the structure of the lower jaw of representatives of four races."

After the outbreak of World War II, he served as a military doctor in the SS Viking division in France, Poland and Russia. In 1942, he received the Iron Cross for saving two tank crews from a burning tank. After being wounded, SS-Hauptsturmführer Mengele was declared unfit for combat service and in 1943 was appointed chief physician of the Auschwitz concentration camp. The prisoners soon nicknamed him the “angel of death.”

In addition to its main function - the destruction of "inferior races", prisoners of war, communists and simply the dissatisfied, concentration camps performed another function in Nazi Germany. With the arrival of Mengele, Auschwitz became a "major scientific research center." Unfortunately for the prisoners, the range of Joseph Mengele’s “scientific” interests was unusually wide. He began with work on “increasing the fertility of Aryan women.” It is clear that the material for research was non-Aryan women. Then the Fatherland set a new, directly opposite task: to find the cheapest and most effective methods of limiting the birth rate of “subhumans” - Jews, Gypsies and Slavs. Having mutilated tens of thousands of men and women, Mengele came to the conclusion: the most reliable way to avoid conception is castration.

“Research” went on as usual. The Wehrmacht ordered a topic: to find out everything about the effects of cold on a soldier’s body (hypothermia). The experimental methodology was the most simple: a concentration camp prisoner is taken, covered on all sides with ice, “doctors” in SS uniforms constantly measure body temperature... When a test subject dies, a new one is brought from the barracks. Conclusion: after the body has cooled below 30 degrees, it is most likely impossible to save a person. The best way to warm up is a hot bath and the “natural warmth of the female body.”

The Luftwaffe, the German air force, commissioned research on the effect of high altitude on pilot performance. A pressure chamber was built in Auschwitz. Thousands of prisoners suffered a terrible death: with ultra-low pressure, a person was simply torn apart. Conclusion: it is necessary to build aircraft with a pressurized cabin. By the way, not a single one of these aircraft took off in Germany until the very end of the war.

On his own initiative, Joseph Mengele, who became interested in racial theory in his youth, conducted experiments with eye color. For some reason, he needed to prove in practice that the brown eyes of Jews under no circumstances could become the blue eyes of a “true Aryan.” He gives hundreds of Jews injections of blue dye - extremely painful and often leading to blindness. The conclusion is obvious: a Jew cannot be turned into an Aryan.

Tens of thousands of people became victims of Mengele’s monstrous experiments. Just look at the research on the effects of physical and mental exhaustion on the human body! And the “study” of 3 thousand young twins, of which only 200 survived! The twins received blood transfusions and organ transplants from each other. Sisters were forced to bear children from their brothers. Forced gender reassignment operations were carried out. Before starting the experiments, the good doctor Mengele could pat the child on the head, treat him with chocolate... the goal was to establish how twins are born. The results of these studies were supposed to help strengthen the Aryan race. Among his experiments were attempts to change eye color by injecting various chemicals into the eyes, amputations of organs, attempts to sew twins together, and other macabre operations. The people who survived these experiments were killed.

From block 15, the girl was taken to hell - hell number 10. In that block, Joseph Mengele conducted medical experiments. Several times she underwent spinal puncture, and then surgical operations during savage experiments on merging dog meat with the human body...

However, the chief doctor of Auschwitz was engaged not only in applied research. He was not averse to “pure science.” Concentration camp prisoners were deliberately infected with various diseases in order to test the effectiveness of new drugs on them. Last year, one of the former prisoners of Auschwitz sued the German pharmaceutical company Bayer. The makers of aspirin are accused of using concentration camp prisoners to test their sleeping pill. Judging by the fact that soon after the start of the “approbation” the concern additionally purchased 150 more Auschwitz prisoners, no one was able to wake up after the new sleeping pills. By the way, other representatives of German business also collaborated with the concentration camp system. The largest chemical concern in Germany, IG Farbenindustri, made not only synthetic gasoline for tanks, but also Zyklon-B gas for the gas chambers of the same Auschwitz. After the war, the giant company was “disintegrated.” Some of the fragments of IG Farbenindustry are well known in our country. Including as drug manufacturers.

In 1945, Josef Mengele carefully destroyed all the collected “data” and escaped from Auschwitz. Until 1949, Mengele worked quietly in his native Günzburg at his father’s company. Then, using new documents in the name of Helmut Gregor, he emigrated to Argentina. He received his passport quite legally, through... the Red Cross. In those years, this organization provided charity, issued passports and travel documents to tens of thousands of refugees from Germany. Perhaps Mengele's fake ID simply could not be thoroughly checked. Moreover, the art of forging documents in the Third Reich reached unprecedented heights.

One way or another, Mengele ended up in South America. In the early 50s, when Interpol issued a warrant for his arrest (with the right to kill him upon arrest), Iyozef moved to Paraguay. However, all this was rather a sham, a game of catching Nazis. Still with the same passport in the name of Gregor, Joseph Mengele repeatedly visited Europe, where his wife and son remained. The Swiss police watched his every move - and did nothing!

The man responsible for tens of thousands of murders lived in prosperity and contentment until 1979. The victims did not appear to him in his dreams. His soul, if there was one, remained pure. Justice was not served. Mengele drowned in the warm ocean while swimming on a beach in Brazil. And the fact that the valiant agents of the Israeli intelligence service Mossad helped him drown is just a beautiful legend.

Josef Mengele managed a lot during his life: lived a happy childhood, received an excellent education at the university, made a happy family, raised children, experienced the taste of war and front-line life, engaged in “scientific research”, many of which were important for modern medicine, since Vaccines against various diseases were developed, and many other useful experiments were carried out that would not have been possible in a democratic state (in fact, the crimes of Mengele, like many of his colleagues, made a huge contribution to medicine), finally, being already in his old age, Joseph received a peaceful rest on the sandy shores of Latin America. Already in this well-deserved rest, Mengele was more than once forced to remember his past deeds - he more than once read articles in newspapers about his search, about the fee of 50,000 American dollars assigned for providing information about his whereabouts, about his atrocities against prisoners. Reading these articles, Joseph Mengele could not hide his sarcastic, sad smile, for which he was remembered by many of his victims - after all, he was in plain sight, swimming on public beaches, conducting active correspondence, visiting entertainment venues. And he could not understand the accusations of committing atrocities - he always looked at his experimental subjects only as material for experiments. He saw no difference between the experiments he carried out on beetles at school and those he carried out in Auschwitz. What regret can there be when an ordinary creature dies?!

In January 1945, Soviet soldiers carried Sylvia out of the block in their arms - her legs barely moved after the operations, and she weighed about 19 kilograms. The girl spent six long months in a hospital in Leningrad, where doctors did everything possible and impossible to restore her health. After being discharged from the hospital, she was sent to the Perm region to work on a state farm, and then transferred to the construction of a thermal power plant in Perm. It seemed that the tragic days were in the past. Although the work was not easy, Sylvia did not lose heart: the main thing was that peace came and she remained alive. She was 17 years old then.. /

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Josef Mengele, the most famous of the Nazi doctor-criminals, was born in 1911 in Bavaria. He studied philosophy at the University of Munich and medicine at the University of Frankfurt. In 1934 he joined the CA and became a member of the NSDAP, and in 1937 he joined the SS. He worked at the Institute of Hereditary Biology and Racial Hygiene. The topic of the dissertation is “Morphological studies of the structure of the lower jaw of representatives of four races.”

During World War II he served as a military doctor in the SS Viking division. In 1942, he received the Iron Cross for rescuing two tank crews from a burning tank. After being wounded, SS-Hauptsturmführer Mengele was declared unfit for combat service and in 1943 was appointed chief physician of the Auschwitz concentration camp. Soon the prisoners nicknamed him “the angel of death.”

//-- Sadistic scientist doctor --//

In addition to its main function - the extermination of representatives of “inferior races”, prisoners of war, communists and simply dissatisfied people, concentration camps in Nazi Germany also performed another function. With the arrival of Mengele, Auschwitz became a "major scientific research center." Unfortunately, the range of Joseph Mengele’s “scientific” interests was unusually wide. He began with “work” to “increase the fertility of Aryan women.” It is clear that the material for research was non-Aryan women. Then the Fatherland set a new, directly opposite task: to find the cheapest and most effective methods of limiting the birth rate of “subhumans” - Jews, Gypsies and Slavs. Having mutilated tens of thousands of men and women, Mengele came to a “strictly scientific” conclusion: the most reliable way to avoid conception is castration.

“Research” went on as usual. The Wehrmacht ordered a topic: to find out everything about the effects of cold (hypothermia) on the body of soldiers. The “methodology” of the experiments was the most simple: they took a concentration camp prisoner, covered them with ice on all sides, “doctors” in SS uniforms constantly measured their body temperature... When a test subject died, a new one was brought from the barracks. Conclusion: after the body has cooled below 30 degrees, it is most likely impossible to save a person. The best way to warm up is a hot bath and the “natural warmth of the female body.”

The Luftwaffe, the German air force, commissioned research on the topic: “The effect of high altitude on pilot performance.” A pressure chamber was built in Auschwitz. Thousands of prisoners suffered a terrible death: with ultra-low pressure, a person was simply torn apart. Conclusion: it is necessary to build aircraft with a pressurized cabin. But not a single one of these aircraft took off in Germany until the very end of the war.

Joseph Mengele, having become interested in racial theory in his youth, conducted experiments on eye color on his own initiative. For some reason, he needed to prove in practice that the brown eyes of a Jew under no circumstances could become the blue eyes of a “true Aryan.” He gave hundreds of Jews injections of blue dye - extremely painful and often leading to blindness. Conclusion: it is impossible to turn a Jew into an Aryan.

Tens of thousands of people became victims of Mengele’s monstrous experiments. What is the value of research alone on the effects of physical and mental exhaustion on the human body! And the “study” of three thousand young twins, of which only 200 survived! The twins received blood transfusions and organ transplants from each other. There was a lot more going on. Sisters were forced to bear children from their brothers. Forced gender reassignment operations were carried out...

And before starting his experiments, “good Doctor Mengele” could pat the child on the head, treat him with chocolate...

Concentration camp prisoners were deliberately infected with various diseases in order to test the effectiveness of new drugs on them. In 1998, one of the former prisoners of Auschwitz sued the German pharmaceutical company Bayer. The creators of aspirin were accused of using concentration camp prisoners during the war to test their sleeping pill.

Judging by the fact that soon after the start of the “approbation” the concern additionally purchased 150 more Auschwitz prisoners, no one was able to wake up after the new sleeping pills. By the way, other representatives of German business also collaborated with the concentration camp system. The largest chemical concern in Germany, IG Farbenindustri, made not only synthetic gasoline for tanks, but also Zyklon-B gas for the gas chambers of the same Auschwitz. After the war, the giant company was “disintegrated.” Some of the fragments of IG Farbenindustry are well known in our country. Including as drug manufacturers.

So what did Josef Mengele achieve? In medical terms, the Nazi fanatic failed in the same way as in moral, ethical, human... Having unlimited possibilities for experiments at his disposal, he still achieved nothing. The conclusion that if a person is not given sleep and food, he will first go crazy and then die cannot be considered a scientific result.

//-- Quiet “retirement” --//

In 1945, Josef Mengele carefully destroyed all the “data” he had collected and escaped from Auschwitz. Until 1949, he worked quietly in his native Günzburg in his father’s company. Then, with new documents in the name of Helmut Gregor, he emigrated to Argentina. He received his passport quite legally, through the Red Cross. During those years, this organization issued passports and travel documents to tens of thousands of refugees from Germany. Perhaps Mengele's fake ID was simply not thoroughly checked. Moreover, the art of forging documents reached unprecedented heights in the Third Reich.

One way or another, Mengele ended up in South America. In the early 50s, when Interpol issued a warrant for his arrest (with the right to kill him upon arrest), the Nazi criminal moved to Paraguay, where he disappeared from view. A check of all subsequent reports about his further fate showed that they were untrue.

After the end of the war, many journalists were looking for at least some information that could lead them to the trail of Josef Mengele... The fact is that for forty years after the end of World War II, “fake” Mengeles appeared in a variety of places. Thus, in 1968, a former Brazilian policeman claimed that he allegedly managed to discover traces of the “angel of death” on the border of Paraguay and Argentina. Shimon Wiesenthal announced in 1979 that Mengele was hiding in a secret Nazi colony in the Chilean Andes. In 1981, a message appeared in the American Life magazine: Mengele lives in the Bedford Hills area, located fifty kilometers north of New York. And in 1985, a suicide in Lisbon left a note admitting that he was the wanted Nazi criminal Josef Mengele.

//-- Where was he found --//

It was only in 1985, it seems, that Mengele's true whereabouts became known. Or rather, his graves. An Austrian couple living in Brazil reported that Mengele was Wolfgang Gerhard, who had been their neighbor for several years. The couple claimed that he drowned six years ago, that he was then 67 years old, and indicated the location of his grave - the town of Embu.

Also in 1985, the remains of the deceased were exhumed. Three independent teams of forensic experts participated at every stage of the event, and live television coverage from the cemetery was received in almost every country in the world. The coffin contained only the decayed bones of the deceased. However, everyone was eagerly awaiting the results of their identification. For millions of people wanted to know whether these remains really belonged to the cruel misanthrope and executioner who had been wanted for many years.

The scientists' chances of identifying the deceased were considered quite high. The fact is that they had at their disposal an extensive archive of data about Mengele: the SS file cabinet from the war contained information about his height, weight, skull geometry, and condition of his teeth. The photographs clearly showed the characteristic gap between the upper front teeth.

The specialists who examined the Embu burial had to be very careful when drawing conclusions. The desire to find Josef Mengele was so great that there have already been cases of his erroneous identification, including falsified ones. Many such deceptions are described in the book Witness From the Grave by Christopher Joyce and Eric Stover, which presents readers with a fascinating history of the professional career of Clyde Snow, the main expert who studied the remains of Embu.

//-- How he was identified --//

The bones discovered in the grave were subjected to a thorough and comprehensive examination, which was carried out by three independent groups of experts - from Germany, the USA and from the Shimon Wiesenthal Center, located in Austria.

After the exhumation was completed, scientists examined the grave a second time, looking for possibly fallen dental fillings and bone fragments. Then all parts of the skeleton were taken to Sao Paulo, to the Institute of Forensic Medicine. Here further research continued.

The results obtained, compared with data on the identity of Mengele from the SS file, gave experts the basis to almost certainly consider the examined remains to belong to a wanted war criminal. However, they needed absolute certainty; they needed an argument to convincingly support such a conclusion. And then Richard Helmer, a West German forensic anthropologist, joined the experts’ work. Thanks to his participation, it was possible to brilliantly complete the final stage of the entire operation.

Helmer was able to recreate the appearance of a deceased person from his skull. It was difficult and painstaking work. First of all, it was necessary to mark the points on the skull that were supposed to serve as starting points for restoring the appearance of the face, and accurately determine the distances between them. The researcher then created a computer “image” of the skull.

Further, based on his professional knowledge of the thickness and distribution of soft tissues, muscles and skin on the face, he received a new computer image that clearly reproduced the features of the face being restored. The last - and most crucial - moment of the entire procedure came when the face, recreated using computer graphics methods, was combined with the face in Mengele's photograph. Both images matched exactly. Thus, it was finally proven that the man who had been hiding for many years in Brazil under the names of Helmut Gregor and Wolfgang Gerhard and who drowned in 1979 at the age of 67 was indeed the “angel of death” of the Auschwitz concentration camp, the cruel Nazi executioner Dr. Josef Mengele

Joseph Mengele. Doctor from Auschwitz.

Joseph Mengele