Full frame. Comparison of full frame DSLR cameras

Currently, more and more amateur photographers are turning their attention to cameras with full-frame matrices, which should provide better image detail, smooth transitions in the midtone zone and a greater sense of “depth”. However, there are many different myths and misinformation associated with full-frame matrices. What are the main features and advantages of cameras with a full-frame sensor, and is it worth changing a regular camera with a crop sensor to an expensive full-frame model? We'll talk about this in this article.

Full frame sensor

But first, let’s define what “full frame” is. We are talking about the physical size of the photosensitive matrix used in a digital camera. It is known to be responsible for image quality. Full frame cameras are those that have the same sensor size as a 35mm film camera measuring 36 x 24mm.

At the beginning of the development of digital photographic equipment, almost all devices had a light-sensitive sensor of a smaller format due to the emergence of technology and the too high cost of producing full-frame sensors. However, over time, full-frame sensors have become less expensive to produce, allowing leading manufacturers to offer full-frame cameras to users.

Although their price cannot be called low today, such full-frame cameras have become much more affordable. Examples of full-frame cameras are Sony SLT A99 or Nikon D700.

Matrices with a crop factor, that is, with reduced physical dimensions, are usually referred to as APS-C sensors. Nikon, however, uses its own designations: “FX” for full-frame models and “DX” for cameras with cropped matrices. Typically, a crop sensor is 1.5 - 1.6 times smaller than a full-frame sensor. However, today cameras are produced with matrices having a variety of physical sizes.

Naturally, the majority of cameras with cut-down matrices are widely sold; they are cheaper and more convenient for beginners. If you take an image with a normal full-frame lens and superimpose it on a cropped sensor, the image at the edges will be cropped by about thirty percent, that is, it will be one and a half times smaller. The number 1.5 is called the crop factor. Each manufacturer of photographic equipment has its own, but on average it varies within the range of 1.5 - 1.6.

As we know, back in the era of film photography it was generally accepted that the larger the negative, the higher quality and detailed the image. A full-frame sensor is on average one and a half times wider than an APS-C format sensor and, of course, this cannot but affect the quality of the picture. What advantages does full frame have?

Features and advantages of full-frame matrices

First of all, a feature of cameras with full-frame sensors is the scale of the viewfinder, which is noticeably larger than that of conventional cameras with a cropped sensor. This, in turn, provides excellent opportunities for convenient selection of shooting parameters and angles. But the most important advantage of full-frame matrices is, of course, the ability to take clearer and higher-quality images at high ISO values, with much lower levels of digital noise.

A large full-frame sensor allows you to “shove” a larger number of photocells into it, and even larger ones, which has a positive effect on the perception of light flux. Therefore, for the same number of megapixels, a full-frame camera will always provide better results at high ISO values ​​than a conventional crop sensor camera. You have the opportunity to seriously increase the ISO value when shooting, and you do not have to worry about noise in the image becoming visible.

The difference between a full-frame sensor and a crop sensor is also evident in the effect of increasing the focal length. The cut-down sensor captures a smaller area of ​​the image, so the final image looks as if you were using a lens with a longer focal length. That is, on crop, the equivalent focal length increases in proportion to the crop factor.

For example, if you use a 50mm lens on an APS-C camera, the photos will look as if they were taken with a 75mm lens (crop factor = 1.5). That is, in the case of APS-C cameras, increasing the equivalent focal length can work in your favor. Here it is impossible to talk about the clear advantage of a full-frame camera, because everything depends solely on what you are going to shoot. Some people need a full-frame camera to shoot a wide perspective, while others want to get closer to the objects they shoot and therefore it makes more sense for them to use a camera with a cropped matrix.

Shooting with a full frame camera adds a strong sense of depth to images. This effect is achieved due to the shallow depth of field. Typically, on a full frame camera, you need to stop the aperture down about 1/3 of a stop in order to get the same depth of field as with a crop sensor camera. Under optimal shooting conditions, full-frame cameras can also provide better image detail and greater dynamic range due to the increased number of light-sensitive elements.

However, all these advantages of full-frame cameras are offset by using old or cheap lenses with them. If you decide to upgrade to a full frame camera, be prepared to invest heavily in purchasing new lenses that are compatible with full frame. You should pay attention to those optics that can convey all the advantages of a large sensor. Using cheap, low-quality lenses negates any improvements in image quality that a full-frame sensor can bring.

Each photographic equipment manufacturer currently produces optics separately for full-frame cameras and cameras with cropped matrices. For example, Canon amateur cameras can be equipped with EF-S and EF lenses, the choice of which is very diverse. For full-frame models, a limited set of EF optics is provided. That is, for a full frame, the available fleet of optics is smaller.

But some of these lenses have characteristics that are virtually inaccessible to a crop lens. Accordingly, dedicated and high-quality optics for full-frame cameras can truly highlight all aspects of large, high-resolution sensors.

Disadvantages of full frame cameras

As already noted, the effect of changing the focal length on crop matrices can be a serious advantage for the photographer and a decisive criterion when choosing photographic equipment. After all, it’s enough to take a 300 mm lens with an f/2.8 aperture and install it on a camera with a cropped sensor, as you essentially get a 450 mm lens with f/2.8.

That is, the crop factor allows you to achieve an increased reach of the lens with significant savings. Therefore, regular crop sensor cameras can be very useful, for example, when photographing animals in their natural habitats, photographing sports events or in reportage photography.

But the main stumbling block remains the cost of full-frame cameras. Models with full-frame matrices are still much more expensive than regular ones, and therefore the question invariably arises about the advisability of purchasing them. Full-frame cameras, as a rule, are the flagship products of any leading photographic equipment manufacturer. Purchasing such equipment always hits your pocket. Moreover, when buying a full-frame camera, you will most likely have to buy additional lenses, because not all optics from crop cameras are compatible with full-frame cameras, and vice versa.

Due to the high cost, purchasing a full-frame camera for amateur photography is unlikely to be advisable. For professional photographers, the advantages of a full frame compared to the cost of a camera are much more justified. Plus, experienced photographers know better how to properly use the features of a full-frame sensor. Amateur photographers will have to improve their shooting technique when switching to full frame.

So, “full frame”, thanks to an increase in the size of the receiving cell, reduces the noise level at high ISO sensitivity, expands the dynamic range and increases the detail of the picture. In addition, the lens on a full-frame camera gives a wider field of view, which can be useful in many shooting situations. But if you decide to change your camera to a camera with a full-frame sensor, you must clearly understand for what purposes you will need it. Before purchasing a "full frame"

You also need to make sure you have compatible lenses at your disposal to take full advantage of your new camera. Beginning photographers often make a huge mistake by investing their entire budget into buying a more advanced and advanced camera, completely forgetting that it is not the camera that is taking pictures, but the lens.

Today we have an extremely popular and interesting topic for many. The matrix is ​​one of the most important components of any digital camera. Today we will talk about its physical size. Why do many people chase “full frame”, how does it differ from “crop”, and which is better for you? These are the topics I propose to talk about.

FullFrame vs. Crop

Once upon a time, when dinosaurs walked the earth and photographers used film technology, 35mm film was considered a classic of the genre. It is its dimensions that are used today as a starting point when defining such a concept as “Crop factor”. The crop factor today is the ratio of the diagonal of 35mm film to the diagonal of the matrix of the camera in question. It is worth noting that 35mm itself is the width of the film; its diagonal is 43.3 mm.

Cameras with a crop factor of 1 are called full frame. Modern examples of such cameras are Nikon D610, Nikon D810, Canon 5D Mark III, Sony A7r and others. Most DSLR and mirrorless cameras have a crop factor of about 1.5 (amateur Canon DSLRs have a crop factor of 1.6). Examples of such cameras: Nikon D7000, Canon 100D, Pentax K3 and so on. Compact cameras today can have the same crop factor as a decent DSLR (Fujifilm X100T has a 1.5 crop factor), or they can have tiny 1/2.3″ sensors (5.62 crop factor).

Nikon D800 camera “cutaway”. What glows green is the matrix

Returning to pricing policy, let's see what we have here with camera prices. The cheapest options for cameras with a full-frame matrix are Nikon D600, Canon 6D, Sony A7. But even they cost from 70 thousand rubles. If you look at cameras with a smaller sensor, for example Nikon D7100/D7200 and Canon 70D (the best amateur DSLR cameras from Canon and Nikon today), then their price is around 40-45 thousand rubles. At the same time, the Nikon D7100 differs from the Nikon D600, essentially only in the size of the matrix. And now, looking at this huge difference in price, many amateur photographers reasonably ask: do they need it at all?

So, the larger the matrix, the:

1. The more detail in the photos, the sharper and clearer the photo appears. Everyone has seen pictures from point-and-shoot cameras in which small objects have no details - this is precisely the drawback of a small matrix.
2. Less noise in photos taken at high ISOs. Indeed, the size of the matrix greatly affects the amount of noise in photographs.
3. Halftones are better developed, transitions from one color to another are smoother than on small matrices.
4. Less depth of field, which bokeh lovers will certainly appreciate.
5. Focal lengths are more common. The equivalent and actual focal lengths for the full frame are the same. We have already talked a lot about focal lengths in the article “What to choose? 35mm vs. 50mm vs. 85mm" .

That is, this is the dilemma. On the one hand, the larger the matrix, the more expensive the camera. On the other hand, the more details in the pictures, the less noise, the more beautiful the “bokeh”. Now let's think about it, do you need it?

If you are buying your first DSLR or mirrorless camera, then buying a full-frame camera does not make sense. The difference in image quality between a crop DSLR and a point-and-shoot camera is very large. But the difference in technical image quality between an entry-level amateur DSLR and a full-frame camera is unlikely to be noticeable to a beginner. And, as they say, if you can’t see the difference...

Beautiful background blur is easier to achieve with a full-frame camera

But there is a difference, only experienced amateur photographers can feel it. Whether a large matrix is ​​worth such colossal overpayments (first for the camera, and then for the lenses) is up to you to decide. My personal opinion is that the price of full-frame equipment today is unreasonably high. At the same time, cameras of the Nikon D7100 level allow you to get simply fantastic pictures, with the proper skill and good optics, of course.

Now let's give some examples of comparison between full-frame and crop sensors.

Comparison of FF and APS-C: noise

First of all, let's compare the crop camera and FF for noise. The crop role is a camera with a Canon 100D APS-C sensor. Full frame camera - Nikon D610. All photos in the post have EXIF, you can check the shooting settings yourself.

This photo was taken with a Canon 100D at ISO 3200

And this photo was taken on Nikon D610 at ISO 3200

The difference between the images is not visible (in terms of noise) if you evaluate the images in web quality. However, if you dig a little deeper and zoom in on the images, the difference becomes more obvious.

This is the so-called “crop” of the first frame - a cut out section of the image

And this is a cropped section of the second image taken on a full frame camera

Second frame crop from Canon 100D

And this is another crop of a frame shot on an FF camera

The frames above show the difference between full-format and APS-C matrices much better. The noise in photos from the Canon 100D is more pronounced than in those taken from the Nikon D610.

Comparison of FF and APS-C: dynamic range

Dynamic range is one of the key characteristics of a photomatrix. We will not talk about it in detail - this is a topic for a separate article. But the key thing that interests us is the possibility of post-processing the resulting images in situations, for example, when the frame is too dark, and we have to change its exposure in a graphics editor. Below you can see two such frames that we will try to “pull out”. The first was shot on a Canon 100D, the second on a Nikon D610. Please note that there are areas in the image where details are almost indistinguishable (lower right corner).




After “lightening” the frames, we get the following results.




From the point of view of exhibiting photos on the Internet, again, there is practically no difference. But let's take a look at the crops of these frames to see how the images handled shadow extraction.

Shot from Canon 100D after shadow extraction

Shot from Nikon D610 after extracting shadows. This part of the frame on the FF camera is already moving into the blur zone. Ignore it - look at the noise

Obviously, the full-frame camera did a much better job. Initially, photographs were taken with the same settings, including ISO - 800 units were set there in both frames. There is practically no noise in the second frame. Ultimately, this means that it's easier to salvage exposure errors taken with a full-frame camera than with a camera with a smaller sensor.

What would I like to say in the end? As you already understood, the larger the matrix, the better. As for the choice between a matrix with a crop factor of 1.5 and a full-frame matrix, the advantages of the latter will be obvious only to experienced amateur and professional photographers. For beginners, there is little point in buying such equipment. I guess that's all. Make the right choice!

Full-frame cameras have always been the preserve of professionals, but with increasing competition, more affordable products have appeared on the market. This doesn't mean they are completely cheap. You can buy a previous generation professional full-frame camera or purchase a new device for the same money, sacrificing some functions and characteristics.

To help you make your choice, we have collected 10 Cheapest Full Frame Cameras on the Market.

If you want to switch from crop to more professional devices, then this list will help you make the right choice.

1 Canon EOS 6D

This is an older camera, but it still offers an excellent set of features and high image quality.

• Type: DSLR
• Sensor: Full frame
• Permission: 20.2MP
• Lens mount: Canon EF
• Screen: 3-inch fixed, 1,040,000 dots
• Viewfinder: Optic
• 5fps
• 1080p
• Price: 88 thousand rub/body

The camera has excellent autofocus, which maintains its sensitivity even in low light. The sensor boasts excellent image quality, with few autofocus points. There are only 11 of them, but this is enough for most types of shooting. Also, the camera does not boast a rich set of video recording functions.

At the time of its release, the Canon EOS 6D was the world's lightest DSLR camera with a full-frame sensor. Even though it's over five years old, it's still a tempting spot for landscape photographers and travelers. The EOS 6D's 11-point AF system includes only one cross-type sensor. It is simpler than the Nikon D610's 39-point system. The 20.2MP sensor also suffers from complaints, since in 2017 this resolution is not enough. However, the EOS 6D has a lot of positive qualities and if you don't usually print your images large or do a lot of cropping, the camera will satisfy most requirements. The EOS 6D has built-in Wi-Fi and GPS, and also boasts a highly sensitive focusing system

2 Canon EOS 6D Mark II

The newer Canon EOS 6D Mark II has a more sophisticated autofocus system and a touch screen.

• Type: DSLR
• Sensor: Full frame
• Permission: 26.2MP
• Lens mount: Canon EF
• Screen: 3-inch vari-angle, 1,040,000 dot touch
• Viewfinder: Optic
• Maximum continuous shooting speed: 5fps
• Maximum video resolution: 1080p
• Price: 125 thousand rub/body

The autofocus system has become more modern. The rotating touchscreen makes it easy to use, but the camera doesn't have modern 4K video resolution. Also, the camera does not boast a high dynamic range.

Arriving five years after the original Canon EOS 6D, the new EOS 6D Mark II receives significant upgrades over the old model. The sensor resolution has increased significantly. It is now 26.2MP instead of 20.2MP. Canon's DIGIC 7 processor helped with the higher resolution. The rotating touch display will be convenient for video shooting. The camera also offers 5-axis digital stabilization for video shooting, but only at resolutions up to Full HD. There is no 4K in the camera. The autofocus system has also been improved. It now has 45 cross-type dots, 27 of which are sensitive at F/8. The system is sensitive down to -3EV. Also an added bonus is Dual Pixel focusing, which is capable of incredible speeds in Live View and video shooting. It's a great camera, but the EOS 6D Mark II doesn't have the best dynamic range compared to similar competitors.

3 Nikon D610

An affordable full frame camera with great performance.

• Type: DSLR
• Sensor: Full frame
• Permission: 24.3MP
• Lens mount: Nikon F
• Screen: 2-inch, fixed, 921000 points
• Viewfinder: Optic
• Maximum continuous shooting speed: 6fps
• Maximum video resolution: 1080p
• Price: 89 thousand rub/body

The dual SD card slot and weather sealing are a definite plus, but the AF points are too close to the center. Also, the camera does not have built-in wireless technology.

Finding differences between Nikon D610 and Nikon D600 will not be easy. Introduced a year after the 600 model, the new D610 is almost identical to its predecessor. The continuous shooting speed has increased from 5.5fps to 6fps. A silent shooting mode at a speed of 3 frames per second has also appeared. The camera is quite attractive due to its excellent price-performance ratio. Inside there is an image sensor with a resolution of 24.3MP, which is closed in a waterproof case. The autofocus system has 39 points. Also attractive are the two SD card slots and the optical viewfinder, which covers 100% of the frame.

4 Nikon D750

Don't look at age. The D750 still offers good performance.

• Type: DSLR
• Sensor: Full frame
• Permission: 24.3MP
• Lens mount: Nikon F
• Screen: 2-inch, oblique, 1,228,000 dots
• Viewfinder: Optic
• Maximum continuous shooting speed: 5fps
• Maximum video resolution: 1080p
• Price: 130 thousand rub/body

The camera can offer a wide dynamic range and is easy to use thanks to its tilting touch screen. However, without 4K video, it does not meet the requirements of modern videographers. Live View mode is very slow.

The D750 is sandwiched between the more affordable D610 and the professional D810/D850 in Nikon's range of full-frame cameras. This is a mid-level DSLR. It borrows characteristics from both cheaper and more expensive products. The camera received a maximum shutter speed of 1/4000 sec and a 24.3MP image sensor resolution from younger models, but the 51-point autofocus was carried over from the D810. The D750's tilting touchscreen display, coupled with FullHD video recording at 60 frames per second, and built-in Wi-Fi make this camera quite attractive.

5 Nikon D810

High resolution is becoming more accessible.

• Type: DSLR
• Sensor: Full frame
• Permission: 36.3MP
• Lens mount: Nikon F
• Screen: 2-inch, fixed, 1,229,000 dots
• Viewfinder: Optic
• Maximum continuous shooting speed: 5fps
• Maximum video resolution: 1080p
• Price: 189 thousand rub/body

The camera's lowest light sensitivity is ISO 64, which greatly reduces noise. However, the camera can hardly be classified as an affordable device, but for its characteristics its price is quite reasonable. Due to the resolution, file sizes are very large.

The more expensive Nikon D850 has already been introduced, but this makes the previous D810 model more affordable, although it will still cost you a pretty penny. The high resolution of 36.3MP in the D810 allows you to create the sharpest and most detailed images thanks to the absence of an anti-aliasing filter.

The EXPEED 4 image processor allows you to shoot at 5 frames per second at full resolution. The maximum video resolution is 1080p, and the base sensitivity of ISO 64 makes it possible to shoot with minimal noise. Files with such high resolution require a powerful computer to process.

6 Nikon Df

A compelling combination of style and substance.

• Type: DSLR
• Sensor: Full frame
• Permission: 16.2MP
• Lens mount: Nikon F
• Screen: 3.2-inch, fixed, 921000 points
• Viewfinder: Optic
• Maximum continuous shooting speed: 5fps
• Maximum video resolution: No
• Price: 165 thousand rub/body

The sensor produces excellent results. The camera has a stylish retro design, but it doesn't offer video recording capabilities, and the 16.2MP resolution is a little behind modern requirements.

Compared to the colossal full-frame Canon 5DS/R resolutions of 50.6MP or 45.7MP in the Nikon D850, the Nikon Df's 16.2MP resolution seems puny. But this camera's sensor has its own story. It was used in the former flagship Nikon D4. Also, the relatively low pixel count means that the camera will be able to produce excellent results in the dark. However, what is most notable is the camera on the outside. It has a retro style design. The layout of the controls will please those who love the process of shooting as much as the end result.

Compared to Nikon's other FX DSLRs, the Df's price remains consistently high, especially considering the specs, but at least you can get some aesthetic pleasure out of the camera.

7 Sony A7

One of the best full-frame mirrorless cameras of its time has become available to a wider range of photographers.

• Type: mirrorless camera
• Sensor: Full frame
• Permission: 24.3MP
• Lens mount: Sony E
• Screen:
• Viewfinder: Electronic
• Maximum continuous shooting speed: 5fps
• Maximum video resolution: 1080p
• Price: 85 thousand rub/body

The camera is convenient in size. It's not too big. The image quality is also impressive. However, like most mirrorless cameras, the Sony A7 has a weak battery. Another disadvantage is the lack of video recording in 4K resolution.

Compared to huge DSLRs, the Sony A7 is very small and light. Obviously, once you attach a telephoto lens to the camera, the size and weight increase significantly, minimizing the A7's advantages. The Sony A7 was the first full-frame compact mirrorless camera on the market, and while it lacks some competitive advantages such as touchscreen functionality and 4K video, the quality of RAW images produced by the 24.3MP Exmor CMOS sensor continues to impress. The only real disappointment is the somewhat modest battery life; the A7's relatively low price allows you to stock up on spare batteries.

8 Sony A7 II

While the A7 II's hardware is similar to its predecessor, the image processing process has been refined, resulting in better results.

• Type: mirrorless camera
• Sensor: Full frame
• Permission: 24.3MP
• Lens mount: Sony E
• Screen: 3-inch, oblique, 1,228,800 dots
• Viewfinder: Electronic
• Maximum continuous shooting speed: 5fps
• Maximum video resolution: 1080p
• Price: 105 thousand rub/body

The advantage was 5-axis image stabilization based on image sensor shift. The image processing process has also been improved. Otherwise, the camera remains similar to the previous A7 model. Large optics still negate almost all the benefits of a small camera body.

9 Sony A7S

4K video heavyweight. The Sony A7S is a mirrorless camera for those who know what it can do and can take advantage of it.

• Type: mirrorless camera
• Sensor: Full frame
• Permission: 12.2MP
• Lens mount: Sony E
• Screen: 3-inch, oblique, 921600 dots
• Viewfinder: Electronic
• Maximum continuous shooting speed: 5fps
• Maximum video resolution: 4K
• Price: 120 thousand rub/body

Incredible low-light performance and the ability to shoot uncompressed 4K video with an external recorder are very good features. However, the camera has a very low resolution and cannot independently record 4K to a memory card.

The 12.2MP resolution may seem like a throwback, but the full-frame sensor inside the Sony A7S practically glows in the dark. The "S" stands for "sensitivity" and for good reason. The A7S has a native sensitivity range of ISO 100-102400, and keeping resolution low allows each pixel to be larger for improved light-gathering properties. This minimizes noise and produces exceptionally high-quality images. Progressive video recording settings offer the option of using a flat S-log2 color profile. There is an HDMI connector on the case, which can output video in 4K resolution to an external device. Only the A7S II camera has the ability to save 4K video to a memory card. If shooting photos and videos in low light is your priority, then the A7S is a good option. Otherwise, the A7 II, with its higher resolution and stabilization, wins.

10 Pentax K-1

Want to stand out from the crowd? The Pentax full-frame DSLR offers a new experience.

• Type: DSLR
• Sensor: Full frame
• Permission: 36.4MP
• Lens mount: Pentax K
• Screen: 2-inch, oblique, 1,037,000 dots
• Viewfinder: Optic
• Maximum continuous shooting speed: 5fps
• Maximum video resolution: 1080p
• Price: 135 thousand rub/body

The camera has built-in sensor-shift image stabilization. At the same time, the sluggish autofocus system and the lack of 4K video are disappointing.

Ricoh doesn't offer a wide selection of full-frame cameras, but the company knows how to make quality devices. The K-1 is a camera that stands out from the crowd with its 5-axis stabilization technology with 5 stops of shake compensation. There is also Pixel Shift, which will increase the resolution of images by shooting multiple frames with a sensor shift of 1 pixel. Also very interesting is the Astrotracer system, which uses GPS data to move the sensor following the movement of stars in the sky when shooting with long exposures to obtain the best sharpness. At 36.4MP resolution, the K-1 camera is similar to the Nikon D810. It also does not have an anti-aliasing filter. The Pentax K-1 offers excellent value for money, so if you want high full-frame sensor resolution, stabilization and excellent image quality, and are less concerned about autofocus speed, then the K-1 should be a great value proposition for you.

@talentonatural77

We've selected the 10 best full-frame DSLR cameras for 2018. Studio heavyweights optimal for enthusiasts and two cameras for photojournalists.

Despite the fact that mirrorless cameras are advancing, you shouldn’t write off DSLRs too soon. In this selection we included mid-range and top-end DSLR cameras.

1.Nikon D850

Nikon D850 is the company's flagship and, according to the editors, the best DSLR camera on the market.

The 45.4 MP full-frame sensor delivers stunningly clear images with huge dynamic range and high operating ISO. Fast autofocus is provided by a 153-point system. Video recording available in 4K format with all necessary

Nikon's signature deep-grip, spill-resistant design and rotating touchscreen display provide incredible ease of use.

The 30.4 MP matrix and 61-point autofocus make this camera an excellent option for professionals. With this resolution, you can shoot footage of any genre and not suffer from a clogged disk.

The Canon EOS 5D Mark IV is one of the best DSLR cameras available today. Although it lost the top of the chart to the D850.

3.Nikon D810

Despite the release of the D850, this model is still a very powerful tool.

36.3 megapixel matrix, high detail, no AA filter, wide dynamic range and 1200 frames on one battery. The camera copes with scenes of any complexity thanks to the 51-point autofocus system from the reportage D4S.

It doesn't have a rotating display, Wi-Fi or 4K, but it remains an excellent studio and reportage camera with water resistance and high resolution.

4. Canon EOS 5DS

If you need to get maximum resolution, then you should choose the Canon 5DS with its 50.6 megapixel matrix. This is the highest resolution among DSLR cameras today.

Stunning detail, low noise and good dynamic range make this camera ideal for the studio and landscape photographer.

The other side of the coin is slowness, lack of Wi-Fi and 4k video, and, of course, huge files requiring huge memory cards and hard drives.

5.Nikon D750

The first four places were taken by very expensive cameras. In 4th place is the Nikon D750, the main advantage of which is its affordable price.

The camera is equipped with a 24.3-megapixel matrix, 51-point autofocus system and high operating ISO. Camera body with water and dust protection like the D810, tilting display and built-in Wi-Fi.

Nikon D750 is a harmonious and affordable full-frame SLR camera.

6. Sony Alpha A99 II

Strictly speaking, the Sony A99 II is a pseudo-DSLR; it is equipped with a translucent mirror and an electronic viewfinder. But still, half of it is a DSLR and therefore ends up in our selection.

Autofocus when shooting at 12 fps, a 42.2-megapixel matrix with back illumination, a built-in stabilizer and ample shooting capabilities in 4k format.

The flagship and best DSLR for photojournalists. D5 is attached to lenses at the Olympics and various world championships.

Everything in the camera is subordinated to one goal - to take the desired frame. 20.8 megapixel matrix, shooting speed 12 frames per second, unprecedented maximum sensitivity ISO 3,280,000. 173-point autofocus system.

The ability to shoot video in 4k is limited to 3 minutes. But these are minor things.

A photojournalist chooses a camera based on the system his news agency uses.

The Canon 1D X Mark II received a 20.2 megapixel sensor, 61 focus points and a shooting speed of 14 frames per second, which is more than the D5.

The camera does not boast a huge maximum ISO, here it is weaker than the D5, but nevertheless, in low light the camera produces high-quality images even at high values.

9. Canon EOS 6D Mark II

The specifications of the 6D Mark II are quite simple. 26.2 MP sensor, 45 autofocus points, rotating touch display and excellent autofocus performance in Live View.

The disadvantages are weak dynamic range and autofocus with small frame coverage.

The company has done a lot of work on the 6D Mark II and has made a nice camera for enthusiasts who want to upgrade to a full frame camera.

10. Pentax K-1 mark II

This is a unique and controversial DSLR camera.

The Pentax K-1 mark II is equipped with a time-tested 36-megapixel sensor with good dynamic range, serious weather protection, built-in GPS, the ability to shoot handheld in Pixel Shift mode and a lot of functions not available on other cameras on the market.

However, it also has a lot of weak points. The shooting speed is limited to 4.4 frames per second, there is no 4k video recording, and the autofocus area does not cover the entire frame.

P.S.

All these models have mirrorless cameras breathing in their backs. At the moment, the market for full-frame mirrorless cameras is represented by the Sony A7R III and , which by their third iteration have become close to ideal. Plus the first reportage Sony A9. You won't see it in stadiums yet, but this is partly due to logistics.

Very soon, or rather on August 23, they will be joined by the first full-frame mirrorless Nikon Z, followed by the full-frame Canon. The timing of the announcement of the latter is not known, but reports are coming that Canon is trying its best to make it happen as soon as possible.

At the same time, do not forget mirrorless cameras with APS-C matrices. They become serious players. Especially Fujifilm with its X-H1 (read it, it's cool) and the future one, which we expect to see on.

Full-frame cameras are gradually becoming commonplace. This is already a fact. Over the past couple of years, they have become noticeably cheaper, and thanks to Sony’s efforts they have become even more compact and affordable. If you are planning a transition to full frame, but are lost in the variety of choices, then our guide will help you gain clear guidelines and get an idea of ​​the capabilities of each modern model.

As a rule, people come to full frame consciously, after many years of practice and passion for photography. They choose Nikon or Canon and remain faithful to the system, acquiring optics and additional accessories. And if full frame used to be the territory of pros, for whom having a camera with a full-frame sensor was critical for work, today such cameras have become more widespread. They have simply become cheaper and more compact.

By and large, a full-frame sensor has one advantage over smaller sensors - higher picture quality. Naturally, this parameter consists of several components, first of all, higher detail and wide dynamic range, and they directly depend on the physical dimensions of the sensor.

Skeleton of a typical full-frame DSLR

In addition, the larger sensor performs better in low-light shooting. And here it’s not only about the wide dynamic range, but also about the low noise level. The top lines of the DxO Mark rating have long been occupied by full-frame cameras, and devices based on Sony matrices predominate among them.

A full frame is necessary for high-quality night photography and, in particular, for recording night TimeLapse videos. You've seen videos of the Milky Way and the Northern Lights, haven't you? All this was filmed with full frame cameras.

How about beautiful bokeh? It’s also easier to achieve by shooting with a camera with a full-frame sensor. Although in this case the role of optics should not be underestimated.

Comparison of sizes of all existing matrix formats

For a long time, full-frame cameras were too large and there was a stereotype in the minds of consumers that a full frame was too bulky and heavy. Although this could have been refuted even before Sony introduced the Cyber-shot RX1 and full-frame cameras with an E mount to the world, the digital Leicas were quite compact. They remain one of the most compact full frames today. However, Leica is a completely different matter. What, besides Leica, is rich in the current full-frame camera market?

Canon EOS 6D

The Canon EOS 6D was one of the first affordable full frames, along with the Nikon D600. The camera was presented in the fall of 2012 and there are no rumors about its replacement yet. This is a full-frame DSLR in the classical sense of the word, and in terms of its capabilities it is slightly lower than the Canon 5D Mark III. Some of the characteristics are artificially lowered for clearer positioning. This is especially true for the burst rate, available shutter speed range and autofocus system.

It is based on a 20-megapixel full-frame sensor and a dual DIGIC 5+ processor, which was also used in higher-level flagships. All the contents are enclosed in a weatherproof magnesium alloy case. The pentaprism viewfinder provides 97 percent frame coverage and 0.71x magnification. The burst rate is a modest 4.5 frames per second, the shutter operates at shutter speeds up to 1/4000 s, there is no built-in flash, but an even more significant drawback is weak autofocus. Phase detection autofocus operates at 11 points in the central part of the frame, of which only one central one is cross-shaped. The camera can process RAW files, as well as correct vignetting and chromatic aberrations of compatible optics. Video shooting is available in Full HD resolution with a frequency of 30, 25 or 24 full frames per second, and to record high-quality sound you will have to purchase an external stereo microphone.

The key difference between the Canon EOS 6D and its competitors is the presence of built-in GPS and Wi-Fi modules. The first allows you to add information about the coordinates of the shooting point to your images and even record the route you have taken. The EOS Remote mobile app supports photo copying, remote camera control and shooting, and social media uploading, all standard wireless features. The battery is designed to shoot 1000 frames, and the optional battery grip will help increase battery life.

Canon EOS-1D C and Canon EOS-1D X

The Canon EOS-1D X is a top-end professional-grade DSLR, while its later modification, the Canon EOS-1D C, is aimed at professional 4K video shooting and costs almost three times as much. The basis of the original Canon EOS-1D X is an 18-megapixel CMOS sensor, the pixels of which are made using slotless technology, as well as a dual DIGIC 5+ processor. The limit of photosensitivity here is an ultra-high value of ISO 204,800. The magnesium body of the camera is protected from moisture and dust.

The EOS-1DX was the first camera with dual control joysticks for landscape and portrait orientation, as well as the first DSLR to support Ethernet connections. The camera also features an advanced 61-point phase detection system and 14 frames per second continuous shooting, making it a great choice for professional reporters. The main emphasis here is on ergonomics and speed. In addition, the camera is equipped with two slots for CF memory cards. Video recording is available in 1920x1080 resolution at 30, 25 and 24 frames per second, and the full 60 fps is recorded only in 1280x720 resolution. The Canon EOS-1D X is compatible with accessories such as an external Wi-Fi module, a stereo microphone or a remote shutter.

Canon EOS-1D C is a much more specific and more expensive product. People who are looking for a device of this class are unlikely to read our review now. Nevertheless, a few words are worth saying about him. Its technical equipment is almost the same as that of the EOS-1D X, except for the sensor optimized for 4K video recording. Video modes here are noticeably more diverse. For example, Full HD video is recorded at a maximum frequency of 60 full frames per second. Log Gamma can be used to record video, and the uncompressed video stream can be streamed via the HDMI port to an external receiver. However, the 4K mode here is more of a marketing gimmick, since the frame rate for such video is only 24 frames per second, and the stream is compressed using the Motion JPEG codec.

Canon EOS 5D Mark III

The Canon EOS 5D Mark III has become a long-awaited gift for professional photographers, even more in demand than the EOS-1D X described above. Let us recall that at one time the EOS 5D Mark II became the first full-frame camera with support for Full HD video recording. The Canon EOS 5D Mark III is housed in a dust- and moisture-resistant magnesium alloy body, and the design of the shell can be called conservative and established.

The camera features support for two types of memory cards - CF and SD, which can work in pairs. The “Five” is equipped with a 22-megapixel full-frame sensor and DIGIC 5+ processor, as well as a 61-point phase detection autofocus system with 41 cross-type sensors with object tracking function. The camera, however, has only a mono mixer, lacks an autofocus illuminator and a built-in flash - you have to put up with this.

Automation allows you to shoot series in full resolution at a frequency of 6 frames per second, set any shutter speed up to 1/8000 s, shoot with multiple exposures, stitch together HDR images and record time lapse videos. It also provides tools for in-camera RAW processing, shooting full-size photos during video recording, and a lot of fine-tuning settings for professionals. Video recording, however, does not fit into modern requirements and standards. The frame rate is 30 when shooting in Full HD with ALL-I or IPB compression. The lack of full-fledged continuous autofocus and the ability to output an uncompressed video stream via HDMI are also disappointing. The direct competitor Nikon D800 looks more maneuverable in this regard.

Well, there’s no point in talking about the affordable collection of full-frame optics and accessories - the choice is huge. The camera is compatible with a battery grip and external Wi-Fi transmitter, triggers and external flashes, as well as underwater housings. The standard battery is designed for 900 shutter clicks.

Nikon Df

Nikon Df stands out among its peers primarily for its vintage design. Without exaggeration, this is the most beautiful full-frame DSLR to date. Created for fans of “analogue” sensations, the camera at the same time offers serious technical stuffing. It is housed in a magnesium alloy body with plastic inserts and is the most compact DSLR camera with a full frame sensor, and is also weatherproof.

Among the ergonomic features, it is worth highlighting a very small handle, a four-position mode selector, a tiny auxiliary monochrome display, one memory card slot and the absence of a built-in flash.

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The main pride of the Nikon Df is the 16-megapixel sensor, inherited from the Nikon D4, as well as the EXPEED 3 processor. The camera is compatible with both full-frame optics and one-and-a-half crop lenses in DX mode.

Nikon positions the camera as a tool for the aesthete photographer, the old-school professional, and artificially limits the camera to only the ability to take photos. There are no plot programs or other tricks for beginners here. But there are multiple exposures, time-lapse photography, HDR and Active D-Lighting functions. The phase focusing system operates at 39 points, and the continuous shooting rate is 5.5 frames per second. The camera does not have built-in Wi-Fi. But this problem can be solved by purchasing an external transmitter WU-1a.

Nikon D610

Strictly speaking, the first relatively affordable full-frame DSLR was the Nikon D600. However, very soon, due to a problem with the shutter and sensor, a replacement was required in the form of the D610. Nikon D610 is in the same class as Canon EOS 6D. The mirror is protected from moisture and dust, housed in a magnesium alloy body with a polycarbonate front panel. The camera has a number of advantages over its closest competitor: 39-point phase detection autofocus, a built-in flash, and even two slots for SD cards.

best full frame camera

The full frame is equipped with a 24-megapixel sensor manufactured by Sony and can operate in one-and-a-half crop (DX) mode when paired with appropriate optics. The camera mount has a special mechanism for controlling the aperture on older Nikon manual lenses. A new shutter was specially developed for the Nikon D610, eliminating the annoying problem of oil splashing. The shutter operates at shutter speeds from 1/4000 s to 30 s, and the continuous shooting rate is 6 frames per second with active autofocus. The video modes here are the same as those of its closest competitor. The maximum resolution of the videos is 1920x1080, and the frame rate is selected from a range of 30p, 25p or 24p. The lack of built-in Wi-Fi and sync contact, as well as a monaural microphone, can be considered disadvantages of this model. At the same time, the Nikon D610 can be “pumped up” using a battery grip, an external stereo microphone, Wi-Fi and GPS modules, and, of course, an external flash.

Nikon D800 and Nikon D800E

The Nikon D800 and its more expensive modification with a sensor without an AA filter have become a kind of counterbalance to the competitor Canon EOS 5D Mark III, but the emphasis here is shifted to landscape studio photography. The cameras have full-frame sensors with an impressive 36 megapixel resolution, and the main focus is on image detail and advanced video shooting. Like most Nikon DSLRs, the camera can also shoot in one-and-a-half crop mode, which is indispensable when using DX optics. In this case, the resolution drops to 15 megapixels. The burst shooting rate with such a high matrix resolution was 4 frames per second, and video recording is possible at 30, 25 and 24 frames per second in Full HD.

best full frame camera

The Multi-CAM 3500FX focusing system is directly copied from the flagship Nikon D4 and has 51 phase detection autofocus points. Unlike the EOS 5D Mark III, Nikon offers an AF assist lamp and uncompressed video output via HDMI. The shutter operates at shutter speeds up to 1/8000 s, and flash synchronization is possible at shutter speeds up to 1/250 s. The minimum shutter lifespan is 200,000 clicks. It is also worth noting support for the USB 3.0 standard, a built-in flash, a headphone jack and the presence of two slots for memory cards - CF and SD. Both cameras come with 1900 mAh batteries, which are good for about 750 shots, but also have the ability to dock a battery grip.

Nikon D4 and Nikon D4s

At the beginning of 2012, the Nikon D4 replaced the Nikon D3 as the flagship, although Japanese manufacturers usually avoid the “four” in their names. The professional Nikon D4 has a 16.2-megapixel full frame CMOS sensor, thereby offering a golden mean between high resolution images and their quality at higher ISO values. Subsequently, the same successful sensor was used to create the Nikon Df.

The “brain” of the camera was the EXPEED 3 processor, which was later also used in the development of Nikon 1 mirrorless models. A special 51-point sensor is allocated for focusing, and the burst rate is 10 frames per second with active autofocus. Nikon D4 became the second camera after Canon EOS 1D X, which acquired an Ethernet controller and a corresponding connector. It is also the first and still only camera to support the new XQD memory card format. At the same time, the camera is equipped with two slots at once - for XQD and CF cards.

best full frame camera

To date, the camera has received an update in the form of Nikon D4s, announced at the end of February. The developer claims an impressive list of improvements, including an EXPEED 4 processor, an improved autofocus system, reduced noise at high ISOs and an increase in the ISO limit to a record 409,600, support for video recording in 1920x1080/60p mode, simultaneous video recording to a memory card and uncompressed output video via HDMI port. In general, most of the changes are rather cosmetic.

Sony SLT-A99

Sony literally bombarded the full-frame market in the fall of 2012, simultaneously announcing the flagship SLT-A99 with a translucent mirror and the RX1 pocket compact. At that point, Sony had not yet been taken seriously as a player in the full-frame field, and the introduced SLT-A99 was trying to compete with the sharks Nikon D800 and Canon EOS 5D Mark III.

best full frame camera

This unusual camera is based on ideas that are too daring for conservative professionals. Take, for example, the idea of ​​a translucent mirror implemented by Sony. This mirror remains motionless during shooting, which means it does not create unnecessary vibrations and allows you to shoot video with active phase detection autofocus and Live View. The image is projected through the mirror onto a 24-megapixel CMOS sensor with a mechanical stabilizer, and a small part of the light reflected from the mirror serves to construct an image in the electronic viewfinder. Autofocusing here is implemented using the dual phase principle. Part of the light, reflected from the mirror, falls on a dedicated 19-point phase sensor, and the rest falls on a matrix, the structure of which contains 102 points of phase focus adjustment.

Sony SLT-A99 was the first full-frame camera with a rotating display design. The resolution of the display matrix is ​​1.23 million dots, and the viewfinder is 2.36 million. The camera contains two slots for SD memory cards, and one of the slots can work with branded Sony Memory Stick cards. “Alpha” is equipped with built-in GPS and Wi-Fi modules, has USB/AV, HDMI ports, jacks for connecting an external microphone and headphones, a connector for docking a battery grip, a sync contact for controlling flashes, and a connector for connecting an external power cable.

And one more thing - Hasselblad has produced a kind of luxury restyling of the SLT-A99 (as happened with the NEX-7 or RX100). The Hasselblad HV camera in titanium case will cost $11,500.

Sony Cyber-shot DSC-RX1 and RX1R

The Sony RX1 is considered the first compact camera with a full-frame sensor, not counting Leica products. Advanced compacts with large sensors can literally be counted on the fingers of one hand, but a full-frame matrix is ​​still a rare case. As with the Nikon D800 and D800E, Sony has released two modifications - with and without a low pass filter (RX1R).

best full frame camera

Sony Cyber-shot DSC-RX1

Both cameras, apart from the matrix, are identical in their capabilities. The 24-megapixel CMOS sensor, which is equipped with the Sony RX1, is also installed in the SLT-A99 DSLR. Both cameras were announced at the same time.

The Sony RX1 turned out to be quite slow, although no one considers it as a reporting tool. It turns on and off slowly, focuses slowly by contrast, takes only 2.5 pictures per second with autofocus working, and slowly dumps a full memory buffer. However, the camera offers an excellent 35mm F2.0 fixed lens with a macro mode switch and a special silent leaf shutter built into the lens.

The Sony RX1 can record video with manual exposure settings in Full HD resolution and 60 frames per second. The camera contains a built-in flash, a hot shoe, and an accessory port for connecting an electronic or optical viewfinder. But there is no Wi-Fi module here. Another drawback is the short battery life. The battery charge only lasts for 260 shots. It is worth noting the record small dimensions and weight of full frames. The metal case measures 113x65x70 mm and weighs 482 g.

Sony Alpha 7 and Sony Alpha 7R

A pair of innovative Sony mirrorless cameras are forcing competitors to rethink what they're doing. Sony Alpha A7 and A7R have become the most affordable and compact full frames on the market. In this case, the goal was not to compete with professional top-end DSLRs as such. But the fact that full frame has finally become available to a wide range of users is a fact. Mirrorless cameras use the E mount, borrowed from the NEX series cameras, and the sensors themselves came from the cameras from the RX1 and RX1R compacts.

The Sony A7 differs from its twin sister in the presence of a 24-megapixel matrix with support for contrast-phase autofocus, a lower price and a weather-resistant plastic body. The more expensive Sony Alpha A7R, similar to the RX1R, is based on a 36-megapixel sensor without an anti-moire low pass filter. Its body is also protected from moisture and dust, but is made of metal. Phase focusing was abandoned here - autofocus is purely contrast. In addition, the camera has a very low rate of fire and is capable of delivering 4 frames per second with fixed autofocus.

In terms of appearance and dimensions, supported interfaces, display and viewfinder characteristics, the cameras are absolutely identical. Electronic viewfinders have a resolution of 2.36 million dots, the screens have a tilting mechanism, and for video recording, the ability to connect an external microphone and even headphones is useful. Thanks to phase detection autofocus, the Sony A7 is slightly better suited for video shooting than the A7R. The camera is capable of recording videos in Full HD resolution at 60 or 24 full frames per second and stereo sound.

A system of mini-applications downloaded from the Sony Play Memories store is designed to diversify the functionality of the cameras. Sony's compact mirrorless full frames are the first in their class, and the set of corresponding optics that unlock the potential of excellent sensors is still modest. However, Sony has big plans to develop its optics fleet over the next two years.

Leica M Monochrom

It is difficult to describe Leica products in the usual categories of “this video quality, this many autofocus points and these wireless functions.” First of all, Leica doesn't offer anything like this. The Leica M Monochrom is a unique camera that shoots exclusively in black and white. Its 18-megapixel sensor simply lacks the color pattern that covers the pixels of a conventional color matrix. This is a completely analog thing in the modern digital world, as far as it was possible to do it without using film.

what is a full frame camera

Leica M Monochrom

Almost all camera control, as well as focusing, are mechanical. The controls here include a shutter speed dial, a drive mode switch, and several function buttons. The aperture is set by a ring on the lens, and focusing is carried out using the rangefinder method, just like the classic film rangefinders of the last century. The only interfaces are USB and the ability to connect an external flash. The display is extremely simple, with a diagonal of 2.5 inches and a resolution of 230,000 pixels. We like the definition of this camera: “a camera that feels good to hold to your face.”

The Leica M9-P replaces the legendary Leica M9 with minimal changes. This is a classic full-frame rangefinder camera. At the time of release, the camera was the most compact full frame with interchangeable lenses. It is based on a CCD sensor with a resolution of 18 megapixels, capable of fully revealing the capabilities of high-quality Leica optics.

what is a full frame camera

The Leica M mount was invented back in 1954 and all lenses released are still relevant today. The M9-P is distinguished by the use of sapphire crystal to protect the display, and the traditional manufacturer logo is absent on the front panel.

This device is primarily for those who are familiar first-hand with the principles of operation of rangefinder systems and are able to compensate for the slowness of the “mechanics” with their experience and skills. Focusing here, for example, is exclusively manual; depth of field cannot be assessed through the viewfinder, and the burst rate is only 2 frames per second. The focus is on the photographer's ability to sense and anticipate the right moments, instead of relying on automation. There are not many such professionals, but these people will get along well with the Leica M9-P.

Conclusion

Cameras with a frame area equal to a frame of 35mm film are slowly but surely becoming more affordable. The scope of their use is unusually wide. They are ideal for reporters, studio professionals and even videographers - anyone who has chosen photography as their profession.

Such a camera should be selected based on the purpose of its use. Despite the high versatility of full frames, each camera has its own orientation. For some, rate of fire, long battery life, weather resistance and ergonomics are primarily important. Some people use video capabilities as the main criterion. But for others, image detail and high sensor resolution will be especially important.

Until now, the main players in the full frame market were Canon and Nikon, but with the arrival of Sony, the situation began to actively change. This means that we will have a more interesting confrontation, lower prices and improved technology.

Where can I buy?

Canon EOS 6D on eBay: RUR 58,855 OLDI: 96,543 rub. Renesa-market.ru: 53,500 rub.

Canon EOS-1D C at Renesa-market.ru: 430,500 rub.

Canon EOS-1D X in PhotoSklad.ru: 231,400 rub. PHOTO CLASS: 259,000 rub. KOTOPHOTOS: RUR 259,900

Nikon Df on eBay: RUR 92,313 PhotoSklad.ru: 124,990 rub. COTOPHOTOS: RUR 131,879

Nikon D610 in Delux-tech: 64,500 rub. eBay: RUR 60,282 Renesa-market.ru: 58,990 rub.

Nikon D800 in Delux-tech: 77,500 rub. eBay: RUR 88,818 Renesa-market.ru: 78,490 rub.

Nikon D800E in KOTOFOTO: RUR 104,980 Photoland: RUR 119,990 PhotoSklad.ru: 119,990 rub.

Nikon D4 in Delux-tech: 174,000 rub. eBay: RUR 213,305 pro-tekno.ru: 175,490 rub.

Nikon D4s on eBay: RUR 213,305 PhotoSklad.ru: 249,890 rub. Photoland: RUR 249,990

Sony SLT-A99 at Store.sony.ru: RUB 188,888. 15-30.org: 63,750 rub. eBay: RUR 89,139

Sony Cyber-shot DSC-RX1 at 15-30.org: RUR 78,621 eBay: RUR 84,537 PhotoSklad.ru: 109,880 rub.

Sony Cyber-shot DSC-RX1R on eBay: RUR 84,537 PhotoSklad.ru: 109,880 rub.

Sony Alpha 7 at Store.sony.ru: RUR 149,800 15-30.org: 22,702 rub. eBay: RUR 53,469

Sony Alpha 7R at Store.sony.ru: 83,900 rub.