100 great sights of St. Petersburg Myasnikov Sr. Alexander Leonidovich
Monument to the heroic defenders of Leningrad on Victory Square
It is seen by everyone who enters the city from the south, along the Moscow or Pulkovskoe highway.
In the center of Victory Square there is an obelisk on a huge podium. The dimensions of the podium are 130 by 240 meters. The height of the obelisk is 48 meters. On both sides of it there are two multi-figure sculptural groups, personifying the defending Leningraders. At the foot of the obelisk there is a paired sculptural group “The Invincibles”. Behind the obelisk there is an open memorial hall with the “Blockade” sculptural group in the center.
The monument to the heroic defenders of Leningrad on Victory Square is one of the most beautiful monuments in the Northern capital. It is dedicated to the most tragic page in the history of the city - the Leningrad blockade.
The courage of Leningrad during the Great Patriotic War has long become a symbol of heroism. The city did not submit, stood and won.
Leningraders learned about the attack by Nazi Germany from a message from the Soviet government broadcast by radio at 12 noon on June 22. The alarming news shook the entire population of the city: people gathered at the loudspeakers, where, in anticipation of new messages, they discussed what had happened, and hurried to the newsstands. Having interrupted their Sunday rest, Leningraders rushed to enterprises and institutions, to military commissariats.
On the night of June 23, the first air raid alert was announced in the city. From that time on, the "Air Raid" signal was announced on the radio almost daily, often several times. Leningraders, who did not turn off the radio day or night, began to get used to the clear ticking of the metronome, which sounded in their apartments and enterprises almost throughout the entire war.
The night sky of the city was pierced by the beams of searchlights, and in the evenings dozens of barrage balloons rose above Leningrad. The rumble of patrol planes covering the city could be heard in the air. Troops moved along the streets, cars with workers and employees rushed by, going to build defensive lines.
Monument to the heroic defenders of Leningrad
Leningrad and its suburbs turned into a powerful fortified area. Barricades crossed many streets. Pillboxes towered menacingly at intersections and squares. Anti-tank hedgehogs and gouges blocked all entrances to the city.
In September, Leningrad found itself surrounded by a siege and famine began.
On January 8, 1943, the troops of the Leningrad Front and the soldiers of the Volkhov Front, advancing towards them, united near Shlisselburg. In the evening of the same day, they reported on the radio that the blockade of Leningrad had been broken.
On January 27, 1944, troops of the Leningrad and Volkhov fronts broke into the defenses of the 18th German Army in a 300-kilometer zone, defeated its main forces, advanced from 60 to 100 km in battles and cut off the enemy’s most important communications.
The epic of the heroic city, unparalleled in history, which withstood a 900-day siege, has ended.
During this time, more than 100 thousand bombs and about 150 thousand artillery shells were rained down on the city. During the blockade, food rations were reduced 4 times. Workers received 250 grams per day, and employees and children - 125 grams of bread. But in inhuman conditions the city worked and fought. And he won.
In memory of those heroic days and people, it was decided to erect on the site of Srednyaya Rogatka, which was once the southern border of the city, Victory Square and the “Memorial to the Heroic Defenders of Leningrad.”
The idea to create a monument in honor of the defenders of Leningrad arose during the Great Patriotic War. However, its implementation was postponed for many years due to various reasons. In the 1960s, the location for the monument was finally chosen - the square near Srednyaya Rogatka. Since 1962, it began to be called Victory Square.
The choice of location was not accidental. Already in the first days of the war, Moskovsky Avenue became a front-line road along which militia divisions, equipment and troops marched. The front line of defense was not far from here. Near Srednyaya Rogatka itself, at a fork in the road, there was a powerful resistance center with pillboxes, an anti-tank ditch, steel hedgehogs, reinforced concrete gouges and artillery firing positions. And on July 8, 1945, when city residents greeted the guards troops returning from the fronts of the Great Patriotic War, it was here, near Srednyaya Rogatka, that a temporary triumphal arch was erected.
Until 1971, there was a traveling Srednerogatsky palace near Srednyaya Rogatka. It was built by Rastrelli in 1754 for Empress Elizabeth Petrovna. When creating the ensemble of Victory Square, the palace did not fit into the project. It stood with its main facade facing Moskovsky Prospekt, and its end facing the front square. It was decided to dismantle the palace and reassemble it, changing the location. The palace was measured, decorative elements were dismantled and preserved. The palace was dismantled, but restoration never took place. By the way, since 1934, the Srednyaya Rogatka tram terminal station was located on the square.
The square was designed and built as the southern gate of the city. This is the first significant architectural ensemble that everyone encounters at the entrance to the city.
But they could not begin construction of the monument for a long time. Construction was delayed because numerous creative competitions could not identify the best project.
In the early 1970s, it became known that Moscow would not be able to create a monument to the 30th anniversary of Victory in the Great Patriotic War. The authorities of the city on the Neva took up the creation of this memorial complex as soon as possible. The composition of the creative team was approved, which included architects S.B. Speransky, V.A. Kamensky and sculptor M.K. Anikushin.
The ensemble of the square has been determined.
The dominant feature of the square, of course, was the Monument to the Heroic Defenders of Leningrad. The most famous building on Victory Square is dedicated to the heroic defense of the city and breaking the blockade. The architects of the monument were Sergei Borisovich Speransky and Valentin Aleksandrovich Kamensky.
The monument was created using funds raised by the people. Tens of thousands of volunteers took part in the construction. Construction of the monument was completed in 1975.
The monument included a stele with a sculpture of a Worker and a Soldier “Winners” and sculptural multi-figure compositions on both sides of the monument on granite pedestals - “Foundry Workers”, “Trenchmen”, “Militiamen”, “Snipers”, “Pilots”. All these works were created by sculptors Mikhail Konstantinovich Anikushin and Yuri Sergeevich Tyukalov.
The area with the “Blockade” sculptural group in front of the museum entrance is limited by a broken ring (a symbol of the breaking of the siege of Leningrad). The Eternal Flame burns on it in memory of the feat of bygone days.
In 1978, the underground Memorial Hall of the monument was opened with war relics, mosaic panels “Blockade” and “Victory”. The metronome sounds continuously here. In the underground museum hall there is a bronze calendar - “Chronicle of the heroic days of the Siege of Leningrad”, a map of the battle for the city, and a 10-minute documentary film “Siege of Leningrad” is shown daily. The hall is illuminated with 900 lamps - according to the number of days of the siege.
An underground pedestrian passage leads to the museum under the square. The car tunnel is located below the crossing.
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The idea of creating a monument to the defenders of Leningrad first arose during the Great Patriotic War. However, its implementation did not begin immediately. Only in the 1960s was the construction site finally chosen - the square near Srednyaya Rogatka, which in 1962 was named Victory Square. The future monument was assigned a special role in the ensemble of the Green Belt of Glory - a complex of memorial objects on the lines of defense.
It was decided to build the monument using funds from voluntary donations. For this purpose, a personal account No. 114292 was opened in the Leningrad office of the State Bank. Many Leningraders transferred their money to him. For example, the poet Mikhail Dudin transferred his entire fee for the book “Song of Crow Mountain” to this account. Despite the active participation of the townspeople, construction was delayed. Numerous creative competitions for the best design of the monument did not reveal a winner.
In the early 1970s, it became clear that a monument to the 30th anniversary of the victory in the Great Patriotic War would not be built in Moscow. In Leningrad, they decided to complete this task on time. A special creative group was created to create the project. As a result, the monument to the heroic defenders of Leningrad was created according to the design of the people's architects of the USSR V. A. Kamensky and S. B. Speransky and the people's sculptor of the USSR M. K. Anikushin - participants in the defense of Leningrad. Before this they worked independently.
Construction work on Victory Square began in the spring of 1974. By August, a pit had already been dug here and all the piles had been driven in. But in the fall, many contracting organizations began to recall their workers due to the need to fulfill the plan at their other construction sites. Volunteers had to be called in to erect the monument to the heroic defenders of Leningrad. Thousands of Leningraders responded to the call. In addition, workers from other cities and even other countries participated in the work.
Thanks to all these efforts, the monument was built on time. The grand opening of its ground part took place on May 9, 1975, on the occasion of the 30th anniversary of Victory in the Great Patriotic War.
It is worth noting that the two million rubles collected in a special account were not enough to build the entire memorial complex. The cost of its first stage alone (the ground part) cost the state treasury 10,227,000 rubles. The second stage (Memorial Hall) required more than one and a half million rubles.
The monument to the heroic defenders of Leningrad formally marks the southern entrance to St. Petersburg. This is a story captured in bronze and granite about the difficult fate of the city, the peaceful panorama of which stretches beyond Victory Square. The southern facade of the memorial is “Winners Square”. There are 26 bronze sculptures installed on granite pylons - these are images of the defenders of Leningrad. The sculptural groups face the former front line - the Pulkovo Heights.
The main vertical is a 48-meter granite obelisk - a symbol of the triumph of Victory in one of the hardest wars in human history. At the base of the obelisk there is a sculptural group “The Winners”: the figures of a worker and a soldier testify to the unity of the city and the front. The obelisk is a connecting link between the “Winners Square” and the semicircular Memorial Hall “Blockade”. Wide stairs lead to it on both sides of the obelisk pedestal. The broken lines of the walls, the edges of breaking the symbolic ring of the blockade, are associated with the chaotic accumulations of an all-destructive war. According to the authors' plans, the surface of the walls retains the texture of wooden formwork - such were the defensive structures of the war years. The Blockade Memorial Hall contrasts sharply with the open space of Victors Square. A 124-meter-long overhanging granite ring isolates the hall from the outside environment. All elements of decoration and sound design create the atmosphere of a temple. The dominant feature of the hall is the sculptural composition “Blockade”. Its pedestal is low and compact, and the height of the bronze figures is not much higher than human height. The sculptor who created it, M. Anikushin, described it as follows: “Everything is here: bombing, artillery shelling, terrible hunger, severe cold, suffering and pain of Leningrad, which was tormented by a ruthless enemy...” On February 23, 1978, the underground Memorial Hall opened. There is a documentary and artistic exhibition dedicated to the defense and siege of Leningrad.
The monument to the heroic defenders of Leningrad is a historical monument and an example of classical Soviet architecture. It is visited by more than 1 million people a year.
The Blockade Memorial Hall was opened on February 23, 1978. It is a museum, but with its silence and severity it gives the impression of a temple. There are 900 candle-shaped lamps installed along its walls - that’s how long the Blockade lasted. Under the lamps are the names of settlements and places of battles near Leningrad. The Memorial Hall houses 12 art and historical exhibitions, where you can see documents and objects from the Great Patriotic War. There are also mosaic panels “1941 - Siege” and “Victory”, an electronic map “Heroic Battle for Leningrad”, a marble plaque of heroes with the names of almost 700 defenders of the city. In 1995, the exhibition included volumes of the Book of Memory, which included the names of soldiers and civilians who gave their lives for Leningrad.
The southern entrance to St. Petersburg is ceremoniously decorated with the architectural ensemble of Victory Square, located at the intersection of Moskovskoye and Pulkovskoye highways. The first thing that appears to everyone is the Monument to the Heroic Defenders of Leningrad, dedicated to the defense and breaking the blockade during the Great Patriotic War, in the center of the square.
Historical reference
At this place in the 18th century there was an intermediate guard post Srednyaya Rogatka between two outposts: the first at the foot of the Pulkovo Heights and the last (third) at the Ligovsky Canal. In those days, special barriers in the shape of a slingshot blocked the road in the outpost area - hence the name.
Near the travel palace of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna there was a wooden sign with the image of hands, showing the direction of travel to Moscow, St. Petersburg and Peterhof. The Srednerogatinsky palace was called “the house of three hands.” Built according to the design of the favorite architect of the Elizabethan era F.B. Rastrelli, the palace stood from 1754 to 1971, then was carefully dismantled in order to change its location - to turn it “facing” the square, but this was not done. As a result, Victory Square is completely formed by modern high-rise buildings and ends on the northern side with two 22-story buildings built in the mid-70s of the last century.
The dominant feature of the architectural ensemble is a monument to the most tragic page in the history of the city. The choice of location was also not accidental - at a fork in the road on the territory of Srednyaya Rogatka, in the first days of the war, a resistance center with steel hedgehogs, an anti-tank ditch, and firing positions was created. When the front line of defense approached the city, troops, military equipment, and militias were moving along Moskovsky Prospekt.
After the war, a temporary Arc de Triomphe was built here to welcome soldiers returning from the fronts.
The grand opening of the Monument on May 9, 1975 was timed to coincide with the 30th anniversary of the Great Victory over fascism. In 1978, on February 23, the Memorial Hall was opened, which since 1991 has been part of the branches.
Architecture and exposition
The creators of the Monument: architects S. B. Speransky, V. A. Kamensky, sculptor M. K. Anikushin, participated in the defense of Leningrad. They managed to convey the deep sorrow of Leningraders, the feeling of the thin line between life and death under bombing and artillery shelling, severe cold and hunger, but also unparalleled courage and perseverance, pride and joy of Victory.
The Obelisk with the laconic inscription “1941-1945” is carried up 48 meters high - a symbol of the triumph of the people who overcame fascism. At its foot is a sculptural group: a soldier and a worker, because the basis of Victory is the unity of the front and rear.
On both sides in front of the stele, “Winners Square” stretches out in the open space. There are 26 sculptures of the city’s defenders installed on granite pedestals, which face the Pulkovo Heights, where the battles took place on the outskirts of Leningrad.
Behind the obelisk, wide stairs lead to the Blockade Memorial Hall. It is located inside a symbolic blockade ring, 40 meters in diameter, massive, with broken lines of the edges of the gap, reminiscent of the chaos of destruction brought by the war. In the center is a sculptural composition. The bronze figures of women and soldiers rescuing children are almost life-sized, which evokes a sense of belonging. The atmosphere is completed by torches with eternal flames on the walls along the entire perimeter of the hall.
The underground part of the Monument is a Memorial Hall, where there is a museum dedicated to the feat of the townspeople during the Siege. The hall is decorated with mosaic panels “Blockade” and “Victory”, made by artists S. N. Repin, I. G. Uralov, N. P. Fomin.
900 candle lamps - corresponding to the number of days of the siege - illuminate the hall, under them the names of settlements near Leningrad where the battles took place. Horizontal stands under glass display objects and documents related to this period, arranged as twelve separate thematic exhibitions.
Fragments of Dmitry Shostakovich's Heroic Symphony, Moscow's radio call signs are heard in the hall, and a metronome is periodically turned on.
The Monument to the Heroic Defenders of Leningrad is a branch of the Museum of the History of St. Petersburg, its employees conduct excursions and ceremonial events. As a rule, on holidays dedicated to the dates of the breakthrough and final lifting of the Blockade, the museum receives government delegations, at which time the square is closed.
Where is it and how to get there
The closest metro station to the monument is Moskovskaya. The distance from it to Victory Square is about one kilometer.
To the Heroic Defenders of Leningrad is on the list of attractions that guests of the Northern capital visit most actively. The structure was erected in honor of the 30th anniversary of the victory of the peoples of the USSR over the Nazis. It tells visitors about the most tragic page in the history of Leningrad - the 900-day siege of the city and its heroic breakthrough.
The meaning of the monument
Leningrad is a city that was destined to experience all the horrors of the fascist occupation. Finding himself in a blockade ring, with the incredible efforts of the local population he was able to survive and not surrender to the enemy. The siege of the city lasted almost 900 days and was broken in January 1943 after the successful execution of Operation Iskra by Soviet troops. Few people today think about what ordinary residents had to experience surrounded by fascist forces. The monument to the heroic defenders of Leningrad on Victory Square is one of those few memorable places in the city that for many decades has kept memories of the tragedy experienced.
Background of construction
People in the Soviet Union started talking about the need to erect a monument to the defenders of the city from the Nazi invaders in Leningrad even during the war. But for a long time it was not possible to implement this idea. Only in the 60s did the city authorities manage to decide on the location where the future monument was to be erected. It became Victory Square (until 1962 it was called Srednyaya Rogatka). This choice was made for a reason, because the most intense battles for the city took place here during the war.
Leningrad residents actively supported the idea of erecting a memorial to the defenders of the city during the siege and even transferred their own financial savings to its construction. For this purpose, a special one was opened at the State Bank. The transfer amounts were different. For example, M.A. Dudin donated his fee for the poem “Song of Crow Mountain” published in 1964 for the construction of the monument. Although it was not possible to collect more than 2 million Soviet rubles, its construction was delayed for a long time. Many designs for the monument were presented at creative competitions, but it was impossible to choose the best one.
Work on the construction of the monument
The need to create a memorial to the defenders of Leningrad was again discussed only in the early 70s. The 30th anniversary of the Great Victory was approaching and the grand opening of the monument was planned for this date. As a result, the project created by the sculptor M. Anikushin and architects S. Speransky and V. Kamensky was approved. All of them took part in the defense of the city.
The monument to the heroic defenders of Leningrad, a photo of which can be seen in this article, began construction in 1974. By the end of summer, a huge foundation pit for the memorial complex was prepared and piles were driven in on Victory Square. But with the beginning of autumn, organizations began to recall their workers involved in the construction of the monument to other sites. In order not to disrupt the completion of the monument on time, volunteers began to be involved in its construction. There was no end to those wishing to take part in the construction of the structure. As a result, the monument was completed on time, and its grand opening took place on May 9, 1975.
Description of the main part of the complex
The monument to the heroic defenders of Leningrad on Victory Square consists of several parts. Its top is a 48-meter granite stele and 26 bronze figures depicting the brave defenders of the Northern capital (soldiers, sailors, pilots, militia, snipers, etc.). The sculptural composition is the main part of the memorial complex. It opens up to everyone who comes to St. Petersburg from the Pulkovskoye Highway. In addition to the stele and figures, the monument includes an underground Memorial Hall and an internal platform. These parts of it are no less interesting than the main one.
Memorial hall-museum and lower square
You can get to the underground Memorial Hall via steps located on the territory of the complex. Here, visitors are presented with mosaic panels telling about the life of Leningraders in the city surrounded by fascists and about the Memorial Hall being a museum. Its walls are illuminated by 900 torch lamps (according to the number of days of the siege of the Northern capital). The museum's exhibits include the Book of Memory, which contains the names of citizens and soldiers who gave their lives for the liberation of Leningrad. The underground hall was built 3 years after the opening of the stele. It has been welcoming visitors since 1978. Tourists, schoolchildren, students, veterans and all those who are interested in the history of St. Petersburg come here.
Behind the stele there is a lower (internal) platform. There is a composition of sculptures called “Blockade”, the heroes of which are women and a Soviet soldier supporting children dying of hunger. The site has the shape of a broken ring, which symbolizes the liberation of Leningrad from the siege. Eternal flames are installed on it, lit in memory of the people who died in the city surrounded by enemies.
Visiting procedure
The museum-monument to the heroic defenders of Leningrad receives visitors every day. You can view the above-ground part for free. A visit to the Memorial Hall is paid for most categories of citizens. The exceptions are war veterans and disabled people, preschool children, orphans, cadets, and museum employees - for them, admission to the museum is always free. On public holidays, everyone can visit the memorial complex for free.
A monument on Victory Square in , dedicated to the heroic defense of the city during the siege of the 1940s. Among other buildings of the Soviet period, this monument occupies a special place. The idea of its creation arose during the Great Patriotic War, but it was realized only in the 1970s.
It became part of the “Green Belt of Glory” memorial complex. The upper (ground) part of the monument was inaugurated on the occasion of the thirtieth anniversary of the Victory on May 9, 1975. The main architects of the project were S. B. Speransky and V. A. Kamensky. The lower (underground) part opened only three years later on Defender of the Fatherland Day.
There is a special aura here, when looking at the bronze and granite, you can read the long history of the country. “Winners Square” is occupied by 26 sculptures that protect the city; The 48-meter stele is the main symbol of Victory. At its base you can see a sculpture of a worker and a soldier. A special place in the composition is occupied by the memorial hall “Blockade”, which stretches in a granite ring for more than 120 meters and, with the help of musical accompaniment, conveys to visitors all the tragedy of the days of the Leningrad Siege.
The underground part contains documents and photographs confirming the fact of the 3-year blockade, defense and long-awaited liberation. This is a kind of museum where you can feel the full power of a mourning event. Along the perimeter of the walls there are 900 candle-shaped lamps, symbolizing 900 merciless days of hunger and bombing. The collection is complemented by a marble plaque with the names of the heroes.
On holidays such as January 27 (Leningrad Liberation Day), February 23 and May 9, admission to the Memorial Hall is always free. You can get to the square on foot from the Moskovskaya metro station, bypassing the Department Store and passing through the underground passage.
Photo attraction: Monument to the heroic defenders of Leningrad
