Interpersonal Relationships Questionnaire (IRA). Interpersonal Relations Questionnaire (IRO) by W. Schutz Interpersonal Relations Questionnaire

FIRO - “Fundamental Interpersonal Relations Orientation”. This system was first described by Schutz in 1958. Based on an analysis of numerous studies of interpersonal behavior conducted in the field of child development, social psychological and clinical fields, Schutz concluded that the basic interpersonal needs are control, inclusion and affection, and all others can be described within these three. Using these three needs, an interpersonal profile of an individual can be created. Does he strive to control others, to be controlled, or is he rather indifferent to this? Does he want to be involved in social activities or not? Does he seek intimacy or avoid it? Information is obtained from the self-report questionnaire FIRO - B ("B" - from the English "Behavior" - behavior. - Approx. Per.), consisting of 54 questions, each of which must be answered on a six-point scale and which requires approximately fifteen - Twenty minutes. The questions are also superficial and endlessly repetitive, so it is not surprising if sophisticated patients become irritated and offended.

The author seems to be trying to cover small aspects of human existence that we usually overlook, but there are many different studies that support the validity of this test.

One such work was a study of roommate choice among members of a college student organization. The FIRO-B theory allows us to predict the number of attractions between two individuals. For example, between someone who seeks to control and someone who wants to be controlled (if their other two needs also intersect). College students' roommate selection was significantly predicted by this compatibility assessment.

The tool is focused on measuring behavioral manifestations in three areas of interpersonal relationships: “Involvement” - the intensity of contacts, “Control” - the degree of dependence, “Emotions” (in a later version this concept was replaced by “Openness”) - the degree of willingness to share feelings. These three dimensions correspond to the three scales of the questionnaire FIRO-B. With its help, you can measure, evaluate and predict human behavior in interpersonal interactions: what he really does and that he wants to do , respectively - how other people really arrive towards him and how he I would like to so that they do so.

Inclusion- the need to create and maintain satisfactory relationships with other people (psychologically acceptable), on the basis of which interaction and cooperation arise. Relationships are established in two directions:

• (e) from the individual to other people (ranging from “establishes contacts with all people” to “does not establish contacts with anyone”);
• (w) from other people to the individual (ranging from “always establish contact with him” to “never establish contact with him”).

The need for inclusion is understood as the desire to be liked, attract attention, and arouse interest. At the emotional level, this is the need to create and maintain a feeling of mutual interest in communication. From the point of view of self-esteem, the need for inclusion is manifested in a person’s desire to feel like a valuable and significant person. Behavior that meets this need is aimed at establishing connections between people. To be different from others, that is, to be an individual, is another aspect of the need for inclusion: a person strives to be noticed, to be different from other people.

Control- the need to create and maintain satisfactory relationships with people, based on control and power. Relationships are established in two directions:

• (e) from the individual to other people (ranging from “always controls the behavior of other people” to “never controls the behavior of others”);
• (w) from other people to the individual (ranging from “always control” to “never control”).

At the emotional level, this need is defined as the desire to create and maintain a feeling of mutual respect, based on competence and responsibility. At the level of self-understanding, the need for control manifests itself in the need to feel like a competent and responsible person. Behavior driven by the need for control relates to the decision-making process and also affects the areas of power, influence and authority. The severity of the need for control varies from the desire for power, authority and control over others to the desire to be controlled and to get rid of responsibility.

Affect- the need to create and maintain satisfactory relationships with other people, based on emotional relationships. Relationships are established in two directions:

• (e) from the individual to other people (ranging from “establishes close personal relationships with everyone” to “does not form close personal relationships with anyone”);
• (w) from other people to the individual (ranging from “always have a close personal relationship” to “never have a close personal relationship with an individual”).

At the emotional level, this need is defined as the desire to create and maintain a feeling of mutual warm emotional relationship. At the level of self-understanding - as the individual’s need to feel that he is worthy of love.

Inclusion refers primarily to formation relationships, while control and affect concern already formed relationships. Inclusion can be illustrated as an “inside-out” relationship, control as a “top-down” relationship, and affect as a “near-far” relationship.

Questionnaire FIRO-B was developed to help a person understand his own behavior and the behavior of other people, explain how the needs of the individual affect interpersonal relationships. Its validity and reliability have been confirmed by numerous studies. Russian-language adapted version FIRO-B known as the Interpersonal Relationships Questionnaire (IRA). With its help, personal characteristics are measured and relationships between people are assessed. The type of behavior is diagnosed in three areas - inclusion (I), control (C), and affect (A), on six scales:

Inclusion

• Ie(demonstrated behavior of the individual): I strive to accept other people, maintain their interest in me and participation in my activities; I actively strive to belong to various social groups and to be among people as often as possible;
• Iw(behavior expected by an individual from others): I try to get other people to involve me in their activities and strive to be in my company.

Control

• Xie(demonstrated behavior of the individual): trying to control and influence other people; I strive to lead and make decisions;
• Сw(behavior expected by an individual from others): I try to have other people control me, influence me and tell me what I should do.

Affect

• Ae(demonstrated behavior of the individual): I strive to be in close, intimate relationships with others, to show warm, friendly feelings towards them;
• Аw(behavior expected by an individual from others): I try to make others strive to be emotionally closer to me and share their intimate feelings with me.

The OMO questionnaire contains 54 statements. When testing, it is recommended to observe the principle of voluntariness. Pressure on the subject increases the likelihood of distortion of the results. There is no time limit for answers (on average, filling out the form takes 15 minutes).

Interpersonal Relationship Questionnaire (IRA)

Instructions:

The questionnaire is designed to determine the typical ways in which you relate to people. There are no right or wrong answers, every truthful answer is correct.

Sometimes people tend to respond the way they think they should behave. But now we are interested in how you actually behave.

Some questions are very similar to each other, but they still mean different things. Please answer each item in the questionnaire separately, without regard to other statements. There is no time limit for answering, but don't think too long.

For each statement, choose the answer option that seems most appropriate to you.

Answer form (OMO)

__________________________________________
Full Name

Processing the results

The results (in points) are calculated in accordance with the key to the questionnaire.

Keys to the questionnaire

To calculate the results it is better to use Calculation form. The answer is scored 1 point if it matches one of the answers in the key, and if it does not match - 0 points. The range of final scores for each scale is from 0 to 9 points.

Calculation form

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Questionnaire scales

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• interaction volume indices(e + w);
• indices of contradictory interpersonal behavior(e – w) - within and between individual areas of interpersonal needs.

Test results can be presented as tables:

or diagrams:

Interpretation of the results obtained

Below is a description of typical human behavior trends corresponding to different indicators of values ​​on the OMO scales:

Inclusion

• Low scores on the scale Ie- a person feels uncomfortable around people and is more likely to demonstrate a tendency to avoid them.
• High scores on the scale Ie- a person feels comfortable among people and will tend to seek their company.
• Low scores on the scale Iw- the person demonstrates a tendency to communicate with a small number of people.
• High scores on the scale Iw- a person has a strong need to belong to a group, strives to be accepted by people.

Control

• Low scores on the scale Xie- a person avoids making decisions and taking responsibility.
• High scores on the scale Xie- a person tries to take responsibility and play a leading role in the team.
• Low scores on the scale Cw- a person does not accept control over himself.
• High scores on the scale Cw- a person demonstrates a need for dependence, hesitates when making decisions.

Affect

• Low scores on the scale Ae- a person is very careful when establishing close, intimate relationships with people, avoids such relationships.
• High scores on the scale Ae- a person demonstrates a greater tendency to establish close, intimate relationships with people.
• Low scores on the scale Aw- a person is very careful when choosing people with whom he establishes deep emotional relationships.
• High scores on the scale Aw- a person has a great need for other people to establish close emotional relationships with him.

The more the scores approach the extreme values ​​of the range, the more likely it is to expect the described behavior from the subject (in general terms). The value of the resulting score determines the degree of applicability of the above descriptions:

• at extremely low (0–1) and extremely high (8–9) estimates that a person’s behavior will correspond to the described trends, and at the same time be of a compulsive nature*;
• at low (2–3) and high (6–7) estimates that human behavior will correspond to the described trends;
• at border (4–5) assessments, a person can demonstrate both of the described behavioral tendencies.

All estimates are best interpreted in terms of means and standard deviations for the specific sample.

For a person to interact harmoniously with other people, balance in three areas of interpersonal needs is necessary.

There are no strict connections between behavior aimed at dominating others and behavior aimed at subjugating others. Two dominant people may differ in how they allow others to control them. For example, an overbearing department head may gladly obey the orders of his boss (or his wife), while the leader of a neighborhood group of teenagers may constantly contradict his parents.

The Interpersonal Relations Questionnaire is widely used in the practice of HR managers in many countries. Test results are applied in the following areas:

• work with personnel reserve;
• consulting employees on career planning and development;
• leadership development;
• conflict resolution (and prevention);
• team formation;
• personnel selection, etc.

The information obtained using an interpersonal relationships questionnaire can help increase a person’s job satisfaction and increase the effectiveness of his activities. By better understanding his needs for communication with other people, the characteristics of his behavior and the behavior of other people, a person will be able to use more effective methods of communication and look for alternative methods of achieving his goals. The tendency to work autonomously or intolerance to loneliness, to obey or actively take responsibility - these and other features of a person’s behavior and his relationships with colleagues are very important to take into account when adapting new employees, when selecting work groups, and in career counseling.

In the attached file, a file for calculations in Excel
______________
* Compulsivity- repeated, goal-directed and intentional behavior that occurs as a reaction to obsession in order to neutralize or prevent psychological discomfort. The person feels forced to take irrational actions to relieve stress. This form of behavior may be due to illness, personality traits, or a current situation that causes internal anxiety and discomfort. Compulsive actions are performed under the influence of an irresistible urge. Conscious control of compulsive behavior is difficult.

Keywords:

1 -1

The questionnaire is designed to assess the typical ways you relate to people. In essence, there are no right or wrong answers, every truthful answer is correct. Sometimes people tend to answer questions the way they think they should behave. However, in this case we are interested in how you actually behave.

Some questions are very similar to each other. But still they mean different things. Please answer each question separately, without regard to other questions.

There is no time limit to answer the questions, but do not think too long about any question.

For each statement, choose the answer that best suits you.

Test material

1. I strive to be with everyone.
2. I become a member of various groups.
3. I strive to have close relationships with the rest of the group.
4. When given the opportunity, I tend to become a member of interesting organizations.
5. I strive to join informal social life.
6. I strive to involve others in my plans.
7. I try to be among people.
8. I strive to establish close and cordial relationships with others.
9. I tend to join others whenever something is done together.
10. I easily obey others.
11. I try to avoid loneliness.
12. I strive to take part in joint events.

1. I strive to treat others in a friendly manner.
2. I leave it to others to decide what needs to be done.
3. My personal attitude towards others is cold and indifferent.
4. I let others direct the course of events.
5. I strive to have close relationships with others.
6. I allow others to have a strong influence on my activities.
7. I strive to develop close and cordial relationships with others.
8. I let others judge what I do.
9. I behave coldly and indifferently with others.
10. I easily obey others.
11. I strive to have close and cordial relationships with others.

Applies to: most people (1), many people (2), some people (3), a few people (4), one or two people (5), none (6)

1. I love it when others invite me to participate in something.
2. I strive to have a strong influence on the activities of others.
3. In the company of others, I strive to direct the course of events.
4. I like it when others act cold and reserved towards me.
5. I strive for others to do as I want.
6. I like it when others invite me to take part in their debates.
7. I love it when others treat me in a friendly manner.
8. I love it when others invite me to participate in their activities.
9. I like it when others treat me with restraint.

Usually (1), often (2), sometimes (3), occasionally (4), rarely (5), never (6)

1. I try to play a leading role in society.
2. I like it when others invite me to participate in something.
3. I like it when others relate to me directly.
4. I strive for others to do what I want.
5. I like it when others invite me to participate in their activities.
6. I like it when others treat me coldly and reservedly.
7. I strive to greatly influence the activities of others.
8. I like it when others include me in their activities.
9. I like it when other people treat me directly and cordially.
10. In society I try to direct the course of events.
11. I love it when others invite me to participate in their activities.
12. I like it when people treat me with restraint.
13. I try to get others to do what I want.
14. In society I direct the course of events.

Key to the test

Keys for processing Interpersonal Relationships Questionnaire (IRA) scales. On the left are the scale points, on the right are the numbers of correct answers. If the subject's answer matches the key, it is scored 1 point, if it does not match, it is scored 0 points.

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Interpretation of test results

Scores range from 0 to 9. The more they approach extreme scores, the more applicable the following behavior description is:

Inclusion:

• Ie – low; means that the individual does not feel good around people and will tend to avoid them;
• Ie – high; assumes that the individual feels good around people and will tend to seek them out;
• Iw – low; assumes that an individual tends to associate with a small number of people;
• Iw – high; suggests that the individual has a strong need to be accepted and belong with others.

Control:

• Se - low; means that the individual avoids making decisions and taking responsibility;
• Se - high; means that the individual tries to take responsibility combined with a leading role;
• Cw – low; assumes that the individual does not accept control over himself;
• Cw – high; reflects the need for dependence and hesitation when making decisions;

Affect:

• Ae – low; means that the individual is very careful when establishing close intimate relationships;
• Ae – high; assumes that the individual has a tendency to establish close sensory relationships;
• Aw – low; means that the individual is very careful when choosing persons with whom he creates deeper emotional relationships;
• Aw – high; typical of individuals who demand that others indiscriminately establish close emotional relationships with them.

The degree of applicability of the above descriptions depends on the amount of points:

• 0-1 and 8-9– extremely low and extremely high scores, the behavior will be compulsive.
• 2-3 and 6-7– low and high scores, and the behavior of individuals will be described in the corresponding direction.
• 4-5 – borderline scores, and individuals may tend to engage in the behaviors described for both low and high raw scores.

These estimates can be conveniently interpreted in terms of the means and standard deviations of the respective population.

Characteristics of scales of the Interpersonal Relations Questionnaire (IRR)

Inclusion:

Expressed behavior. Ie– the desire to accept others so that they have an interest in me and take part in my activities; I actively strive to belong to various social groups and to be among people as much and often as possible.

Required behavior. Iw– I try to have others invite me to take part in their activities and strive to be in my company, even when I make no effort to do so.

Control:

Expressed behavior. Xie– I try to control and influence others: I take leadership into my own hands and strive to decide what will be done and how.

Required behavior. Сw– I try to let others control me, influence me and tell me what I should do.

Affect:

Expressed behavior. Ae– I strive to be in close, intimate relationships with others, to show them my friendly and warm feelings.

Required behavior. Aw– I try to make others strive to be emotionally closer to me and share their intimate feelings with me.

Scores on these scales are numbers ranging from 0 to 9. Therefore, the result is expressed as the sum of six single-digit numbers. Combinations of these assessments yield indices of the volume of interactions (e + W) and the inconsistency of interpersonal behavior (e – W) within and between individual areas of interpersonal needs, as well as compatibility coefficients in a dyad or group consisting of a large number of members.

Sources

• Diagnostics of interpersonal relationships (A.A. Rukavishnikov)/ Fetiskin N.P., Kozlov V.V., Manuilov G.M. Socio-psychological diagnostics of personality development and small groups. – M., 2002. P.167-171.

Affect

Control

Inclusion

Interpretation of the results obtained

Below is a description of typical human behavior trends corresponding to different indicators of values ​​on the OMO scales:

• Low scores on the scale Ie- a person feels uncomfortable around people and is more likely to demonstrate a tendency to avoid them.
• High scores on the scale Ie- a person feels comfortable among people and will tend to seek their company.
• Low scores on the scale Iw- the person demonstrates a tendency to communicate with a small number of people.
• High scores on the scale Iw- a person has a strong need to belong to a group, strives to be accepted by people.

• Low scores on the scale Xie- a person avoids making decisions and taking responsibility.
• High scores on the scale Xie- a person tries to take responsibility and play a leading role in the team.
• Low scores on the scale Cw- a person does not accept control over himself.
• High scores on the scale Cw- a person demonstrates a need for dependence, hesitates when making decisions.

• Low scores on the scale Ae- a person is very careful when establishing close, intimate relationships with people, avoids such relationships.
• High scores on the scale Ae- a person demonstrates a greater tendency to establish close, intimate relationships with people.
• Low scores on the scale Aw- a person is very careful when choosing people with whom he establishes deep emotional relationships.
• High scores on the scale Aw- a person has a great need for other people to establish close emotional relationships with him.

The more the scores approach the extreme values ​​of the range, the more likely it is to expect the described behavior from the subject (in general terms). The value of the resulting score determines the degree of applicability of the above descriptions:

• at extremely low (0–1) and extremely high (8–9) estimates that a person’s behavior will correspond to the described trends, and at the same time be of a compulsive nature*;
• at low (2–3) and high (6–7) estimates that human behavior will correspond to the described trends;
• at border (4–5) assessments, a person can demonstrate both of the described behavioral tendencies.

All estimates are best interpreted in terms of means and standard deviations for the specific sample.

For a person to interact harmoniously with other people, balance in three areas of interpersonal needs is necessary.

There are no strict connections between behavior aimed at dominating others and behavior aimed at subjugating others. Two dominant people may differ in how they allow others to control them. For example, an overbearing department head may gladly obey the orders of his boss (or his wife), while the leader of a neighborhood group of teenagers may constantly contradict his parents.

The Interpersonal Relations Questionnaire is widely used in the practice of HR managers in many countries. Test results are applied in the following areas:

• work with personnel reserve;
• consulting employees on career planning and development;
• leadership development;
• conflict resolution (and prevention);
• team formation;
• personnel selection, etc.

The information obtained using an interpersonal relationships questionnaire can help increase a person’s job satisfaction and increase the effectiveness of his activities. By better understanding his needs for communication with other people, the characteristics of his behavior and the behavior of other people, a person will be able to use more effective methods of communication and look for alternative methods of achieving his goals. The tendency to work autonomously or intolerance to loneliness, to obey or actively take responsibility - these and other features of a person’s behavior and his relationships with colleagues are very important to take into account when adapting new employees, when selecting work groups, and in career counseling.
______________
* Compulsivity- repeated, goal-directed and intentional behavior that occurs as a reaction to obsession in order to neutralize or prevent psychological discomfort. The person feels forced to take irrational actions to relieve stress. This form of behavior may be due to illness, personality traits, or a current situation that causes internal anxiety and discomfort. Compulsive actions are performed under the influence of an irresistible urge. Conscious control of compulsive behavior is difficult.

Instructions: The questionnaire is designed to assess the typical ways in which you relate to people. In essence, there are no right or wrong answers, every truthful answer is correct.

Sometimes people tend to answer questions the way they think they should behave. However, in this case, we are interested in how you actually behave.

Some questions are very similar to each other. But still they mean different things. Please answer each question separately, without regard to other questions. There is no time limit to answer the questions, but do not think too long about any question.

OMO Questionnaire

Last name I.O. _____________________ Floor_________________________

Age ________ Date of examination _____________________________________________

Additional information _________________________________________________________

For each statement, choose the answer that best suits you. Write the answer number to the left of each line. Please be as careful as possible.

For each of the following statements, select one of the answers indicating the number of people who can influence you or to whom your behavior can extend.

Refers to:

For each of the following statements, select one of the answers indicating the number of people who can influence you or are affected by your behavior.

Refers to:

For each of the following statements, choose one of the following answers.

A person’s ability to get along with other people is an important quality that a personnel manager must take into account when selecting an applicant for a vacancy, when staffing work groups, and resolving industrial conflicts. The results of team work largely depend on the effectiveness of interpersonal interactions. Interpersonal relationships are an important part of people’s lives, so diagnosing a person’s needs in this area can provide very useful information for harmonizing internal relationships in a team.

Recent research by scientists shows that the effectiveness of individual activity depends to a greater extent on the ability to establish and maintain good relationships with people, that is, on EQ (emotional intelligence quotient), than on the knowledge and intellectual abilities of a person, traditionally measured by IQ (intelligence quotient).

American psychologist William Schutz ( William Schutz) developed the theory of interpersonal relationships (FIRO theory). It is based on a three-factor model of interpersonal needs (later this concept was replaced by the concept of “desires”). Schutz views human relationships at three main levels: behavior, feelings and self-concept. In 1958, Schutz developed a questionnaire Fundamental Interpersonal Relations Orientation-Behavior, or FIRO-B. The tool is focused on measuring behavioral manifestations in three areas of interpersonal relationships: “Involvement” - the intensity of contacts, “Control” - the degree of dependence, “Emotions” (in a later version this concept was replaced by “Openness”) - the degree of willingness to share feelings. These three dimensions correspond to the three scales of the questionnaire FIRO-B. With its help, you can measure, evaluate and predict human behavior in interpersonal interactions: what he really does and that he wants to do , respectively - how other people really arrive towards him and how he I would like to so that they do so.

Inclusion- the need to create and maintain satisfactory relationships with other people (psychologically acceptable), on the basis of which interaction and cooperation arise. Relationships are established in two directions:

(e) from the individual to other people (ranging from “establishes contacts with all people” to “does not establish contacts with anyone”);

(w) from other people to the individual (ranging from “always establish contact with him” to “never establish contact with him”).

The need for inclusion is understood as the desire to be liked, attract attention, and arouse interest. At the emotional level, this is the need to create and maintain a feeling of mutual interest in communication. From the point of view of self-esteem, the need for inclusion is manifested in a person’s desire to feel like a valuable and significant person. Behavior that meets this need is aimed at establishing connections between people. To be different from others, that is, to be an individual, is another aspect of the need for inclusion: a person strives to be noticed, to be different from other people.

Control- the need to create and maintain satisfactory relationships with people, based on control and power. Relationships are established in two directions:

(e) from the individual to other people (ranging from “always controls the behavior of other people” to “never controls the behavior of others”);

(w) from other people to the individual (ranging from “always control” to “never control”).

At the emotional level, this need is defined as the desire to create and maintain a feeling of mutual respect, based on competence and responsibility. At the level of self-understanding, the need for control manifests itself in the need to feel like a competent and responsible person. Behavior driven by the need for control relates to the decision-making process and also affects the areas of power, influence and authority. The severity of the need for control varies from the desire for power, authority and control over others to the desire to be controlled and to get rid of responsibility.

Affect- the need to create and maintain satisfactory relationships with other people, based on emotional relationships. Relationships are established in two directions:

(e) from the individual to other people (ranging from “establishes close personal relationships with everyone” to “does not form close personal relationships with anyone”);

(w) from other people to the individual (ranging from “always have a close personal relationship” to “never have a close personal relationship with an individual”).

At the emotional level, this need is defined as the desire to create and maintain a feeling of mutual warm emotional relationship. At the level of self-understanding - as the individual’s need to feel that he is worthy of love.

Inclusion refers primarily to formation relationships, while control and affect concern already formed relationships. Inclusion can be illustrated as an “inside-out” relationship, control as a “top-down” relationship, and affect as a “near-far” relationship.

Questionnaire FIRO-B was developed to help a person understand his own behavior and the behavior of other people, explain how the needs of the individual affect interpersonal relationships. Its validity and reliability have been confirmed by numerous studies. Russian-language adapted version FIRO-B known as the Interpersonal Relationships Questionnaire (IRA). With its help, personal characteristics are measured and relationships between people are assessed. The type of behavior is diagnosed in three areas - inclusion (I), control (C), and affect (A), on six scales:

Inclusion

Ie(demonstrated behavior of the individual): I strive to accept other people, maintain their interest in me and participation in my activities; I actively strive to belong to various social groups and to be among people as often as possible;

Iw(behavior expected by an individual from others): I try to get other people to involve me in their activities and strive to be in my company.

Control

Xie(demonstrated behavior of the individual): trying to control and influence other people; I strive to lead and make decisions;

Сw(behavior expected by an individual from others): I try to have other people control me, influence me and tell me what I should do.

Affect

Ae(demonstrated behavior of the individual): I strive to be in close, intimate relationships with others, to show warm, friendly feelings towards them;

Аw(behavior expected by an individual from others): I try to make others strive to be emotionally closer to me and share their intimate feelings with me.

The OMO questionnaire contains 54 statements. When testing, it is recommended to observe the principle of voluntariness. Pressure on the subject increases the likelihood of distortion of the results. There is no time limit for answers (on average, filling out the form takes 15 minutes).

Interpersonal Relationship Questionnaire (IRA)

Instructions:

The questionnaire is designed to determine the typical ways in which you relate to people. There are no right or wrong answers, every truthful answer is correct.

Sometimes people tend to respond the way they think they should behave. But now we are interested in how you actually behave.

Some questions are very similar to each other, but they still mean different things. Please answer each item in the questionnaire separately, without regard to other statements. There is no time limit for answering, but don't think too long.

For each statement, choose the answer option that seems most appropriate to you.

Answer form (OMO)

__________________________________________
Full Name

Processing the results

The results (in points) are calculated in accordance with the key to the questionnaire.

Keys to the questionnaire

To calculate the results it is better to use Calculation form. The answer is scored 1 point if it matches one of the answers in the key, and if it does not match - 0 points. The range of final scores for each scale is from 0 to 9 points.

Calculation form

Click image for a larger view

Questionnaire scales

Click image for a larger view

interaction volume indices(e + w);

indices of contradictory interpersonal behavior(e – w) - within and between individual areas of interpersonal needs.

Test results can be presented as tables:

or diagrams:

Interpretation of the results obtained

Below is a description of typical human behavior trends corresponding to different indicators of values ​​on the OMO scales:

Inclusion

Low scores on the scale Ie- a person feels uncomfortable around people and is more likely to demonstrate a tendency to avoid them.

Affect

Low scores on the scale Ae- a person is very careful when establishing close, intimate relationships with people, avoids such relationships.

High scores on the scale Ae- a person demonstrates a greater tendency to establish close, intimate relationships with people.

Low scores on the scale Aw- a person is very careful when choosing people with whom he establishes deep emotional relationships.

High scores on the scale Aw- a person has a great need for other people to establish close emotional relationships with him.

The more the scores approach the extreme values ​​of the range, the more likely it is to expect the described behavior from the subject (in general terms). The value of the resulting score determines the degree of applicability of the above descriptions:

at extremely low (0–1) and extremely high (8–9) estimates that a person’s behavior will correspond to the described trends, and at the same time be of a compulsive nature*;

at low (2–3) and high (6–7) estimates that human behavior will correspond to the described trends;

at border (4–5) assessments, a person can demonstrate both of the described behavioral tendencies.

All estimates are best interpreted in terms of means and standard deviations for the specific sample.

For a person to interact harmoniously with other people, balance in three areas of interpersonal needs is necessary.

There are no strict connections between behavior aimed at dominating others and behavior aimed at subjugating others. Two dominant people may differ in how they allow others to control them. For example, an overbearing department head may gladly obey the orders of his boss (or his wife), while the leader of a neighborhood group of teenagers may constantly contradict his parents.

The Interpersonal Relations Questionnaire is widely used in the practice of HR managers in many countries. Test results are applied in the following areas:

work with personnel reserve;

consulting employees on career planning and development;

leadership development;

conflict resolution (and prevention);

team formation;

personnel selection, etc.

The information obtained using an interpersonal relationships questionnaire can help increase a person’s job satisfaction and increase the effectiveness of his activities. By better understanding his needs for communication with other people, the characteristics of his behavior and the behavior of other people, a person will be able to use more effective methods of communication and look for alternative methods of achieving his goals. The tendency to work autonomously or intolerance to loneliness, to obey or actively take responsibility - these and other features of a person’s behavior and his relationships with colleagues are very important to take into account when adapting new employees, when selecting work groups, and in career counseling.
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* Compulsivity- repeated, goal-directed and intentional behavior that occurs as a reaction to obsession in order to neutralize or prevent psychological discomfort. The person feels forced to take irrational actions to relieve stress. This form of behavior may be due to illness, personality traits, or a current situation that causes internal anxiety and discomfort. Compulsive actions are performed under the influence of an irresistible urge. Conscious control of compulsive behavior is difficult.

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Instructions. The questionnaire is designed to assess the typical ways you relate to people. In essence, there are no right or wrong answers, every truthful answer is correct. Sometimes people tend to answer questions the way they think they should behave. However, in this case, we are interested in how you actually behave. Some questions are very similar to each other. But still they mean different things. Please answer each question separately, without regard to other questions. There is no time limit to answer the questions, but do not think too long about any question.

For each statement, choose the answer that best suits you:

For each of the following statements, select one of the answers indicating the number of people who can influence you or to whom your behavior can extend. Refers to:

For each of the following statements, select one of the answers indicating the number of people who can influence you or are affected by your behavior.

28. I love it when others invite me to participate in something.

29. I like it when other people treat me directly and cordially.

30. I strive to have a strong influence on the activities of others.

31. I like it when others invite me to participate in their activities.

32. I like it when others relate to me directly.

33. In the company of others, I strive to direct the course of events.

34. I like it when others involve me in their activities.

35. I like it when others behave coldly and reservedly towards me.

36. I strive for others to do as I want.

37. I like it when others invite me to take part in their debates.

38. I like it when others treat me in a friendly manner.

39. I like it when others invite me to participate in their activities.

40. I like it when others treat me with restraint.

For each of the following statements, choose one of the following answers.

41. I try to play a leading role in society.

42. I like it when others invite me to participate in something.

43. I like it when others relate to me directly.

44. I strive for others to do what I want.

45. I like it when others invite me to participate in their activities.

46. ​​I like it when others treat me coldly and reservedly.

47. I strive to strongly influence the activities of others.

48. I like it when others involve me in their activities.

49. I like it when other people treat me directly and cordially.

50. In society I try to direct the course of events.

51. I like it when others invite me to participate in their activities.

52. I like it when people treat me with restraint.

53. I try to get others to do what I want.

54. In society I direct the course of events.

Processing of results and interpretation

On the left (green columns) are the scale points, on the right are the numbers of correct answers. If the subject’s answer matches the key, it is scored one point, if it does not match, it is scored 0 points.

Keys for processing questionnaire scales

Scores range from 0 to 9. The more they approach extreme scores, the more applicable the following behavior description is:

Inclusion:

· Ie - low means that the individual does not feel good around people and will tend to avoid them;

· Ie - high suggests that the individual feels good among people and will tend to seek them out;

· Iw - low suggests that the individual tends to communicate with a small number of people;

· Iw - high suggests that the individual has a strong need to be accepted by others and to belong to them.

Control:

· Se - low means that the individual avoids making decisions and taking responsibility;

· Se - high means that the individual tries to take responsibility combined with a leading role;

· Cw - low suggests that the individual does not accept control over himself;

· Cw - high reflects the need for dependence and hesitation when making decisions;

Affect:

· Ae - low means that the individual is very careful when establishing close intimate relationships;

· Ae - high suggests that the individual has a tendency to establish close sensual relationships;

· Aw - low means that the individual is very careful when choosing people with whom he creates deeper emotional relationships;

· Aw - high is typical for individuals who demand that others indiscriminately establish close emotional relationships with them.

The degree of applicability of the above descriptions depends on the amount of points:
0-1 and 8-9- extremely low and extremely high scores, the behavior will be compulsive.
2-3 and 6-7- low and high scores, and the behavior of individuals will be described in the corresponding direction.
4-5 - borderline scores, and individuals may tend to engage in the behaviors described for both low and high raw scores.

These estimates can be conveniently interpreted in terms of the means and standard deviations of the respective population.

Characteristics of scales of the Interpersonal Relations Questionnaire (IRR)

Inclusion:

Expressed behavior. Ie - the desire to accept others so that they have an interest in me and take part in my activities; I actively strive to belong to various social groups and to be among people as much and often as possible.

Required behavior. Iw - I try to have others invite me to take part in their activities and strive to be in my company, even when I make no effort to do so.
Control:

Expressed behavior. I try to control and influence others: I take leadership into my own hands and try to decide what will be done and how.

Required behavior. Cw - I try to let others control me, influence me and tell me what I should do.
Affect:

Expressed behavior. Ae - I strive to be in close, intimate relationships with others, to show my friendly and warm feelings towards them.

Required behavior. Aw - I try to make others strive to be emotionally closer to me and share their intimate feelings with me.

Scores on these scales are numbers ranging from 0 to 9. Therefore, the result is expressed as the sum of six single-digit numbers. Combinations of these assessments yield indices of the volume of interactions (e + W) and the inconsistency of interpersonal behavior (e – W) within and between individual areas of interpersonal needs, as well as compatibility coefficients in a dyad or group consisting of a large number of members.

The Interpersonal Relations Questionnaire (IRO) is the Russian-language version of the FIRO questionnaire, widely known abroad, developed by the American psychologist W. Schutz.

There are three interpersonal needs in humans and those areas of behavior that relate to these needs are sufficient to predict and explain interpersonal phenomena. Schutz (1958) pointed out the close connection between biological and interpersonal needs:

1) biological needs arise as a reflection of the need to create and maintain a satisfactory balance between the organism and the physical environment, just as social needs concern the creation and maintenance of balance between the individual and his social environment. Therefore, both biological and social needs are requirements for optimal exchange between the environment, either physical or social, and the organism;

2) failure to satisfy biological needs leads to physical illness and death; mental illness and sometimes death may result from inadequate satisfaction of interpersonal needs;

3) although the body is capable of adapting in a certain way to insufficient satisfaction of biological and social needs, this will only bring temporary success.

If a child’s satisfaction of interpersonal needs was frustrated, then as a result he developed characteristic methods of adaptation. These methods, formed in childhood, continue to exist in adulthood, generally determining the typical way of orienting an individual in the social environment.

Need for inclusion. This is the need to create and maintain satisfying relationships with other people, from which interaction and cooperation arise.

Satisfactory relationships mean for an individual psychologically acceptable interactions with people that flow in two directions:

1) from the individual to other people - the range from “establishes contacts with all people” up to “does not establish contacts with anyone”;

2) from other people to the individual - the range from “always establish contacts with him” up to “never establish contacts with him.”

At the emotional level, the need for inclusion is defined as the need to create and maintain a sense of mutual interest. This feeling includes: 1) the subject's interest in other people; 2) interest of other people in the subject. From a self-esteem perspective, the need for inclusion is the desire to feel valued and important. Behavior consistent with the need for inclusion is aimed at establishing connections between people, which can be described in terms of exclusion or inclusion, belonging, cooperation. The need to be included is interpreted as a desire to be liked, to attract attention, and interest. The class bully who throws erasers does so because he is not getting enough attention. Even if this attention to him is negative, he is partially satisfied, because finally someone paid attention to him.

Being a person who is different from others, that is, being an individual, is another aspect of the need for inclusion. Most of the aspirations are aimed at being noticed and attracting attention. A person strives for this in order to be different from other people. He must be an individual. The main thing in this selection from the mass of others is that you need to achieve understanding. A person considers himself understood when someone is interested in him and sees the peculiarities inherent only in him. However, this does not mean that he should be revered and loved.

A problem that often arises at the beginning of interpersonal relationships is the decision whether to be involved in a given relationship or not. Typically, when first establishing relationships, people try to introduce themselves to each other, often trying to find something in themselves that might interest others. Often a person is initially silent, because he is not sure that he is interesting to other people; it's all about the issue of inclusion.

Inclusion involves concepts such as relationships between people, attention, recognition, fame, approval, individuality and interest. It differs from affect in that it does not involve strong emotional attachments to individuals; and from control in that its essence is the occupation of a prominent position, but never dominance.

Characteristic modes of behavior in this area are formed primarily on the basis of childhood experience. The parent-child relationship can be either positive (the child is in constant contact and interaction with the parents) or negative (the parents ignore the child and there is minimal contact). In the latter case, the child experiences fear, a feeling that he is an insignificant person, and feels a strong need to be accepted by the group. If the inclusion is inadequate, then he tries to suppress this fear either by eliminating and withdrawing, or by an intensive attempt to join other groups.

Need for control. This need is defined as the need to create and maintain satisfying relationships with people based on control and power. Satisfactory relationships include psychologically acceptable relationships with people in two ways:

1) from the individual to other people in the range from “always controls the behavior of other people” up to “never controls the behavior of others”;

2) from other people to the individual - in the range from “always control” to “never control.”

At the emotional level, this need is defined as the desire to create and maintain a feeling of mutual respect, based on competence and responsibility. This feeling includes: 1) sufficient respect towards others; 2) getting enough respect from other people.

At the level of self-understanding, this need manifests itself in the need to feel like a competent and responsible person. Control-need behavior refers to people's decision-making process and also affects the areas of power, influence, and authority. The need for control ranges on a continuum from the desire for power, authority, and control over others (and, indeed, one's future) to the need to be controlled, that is, to be relieved of responsibility. There are no hard and fast connections between behavior aimed at dominating others and behavior aimed at subjugating others in one person. Two people who dominate others may differ in how they allow themselves to be controlled by others. For example, an overbearing sergeant may obey the orders of his lieutenant with pleasure, while a bully may constantly contradict his parents. Behavior in this area, in addition to direct forms, also has indirect forms, especially among educated and polite people.

The difference between control behavior and inclusion behavior is that it does not imply fame. “Power Beyond the Throne” is a perfect example of a high level of need for control and low level of inclusion. “The Wit” is a prime example of a great need for inclusion and a small need for control. Control behavior differs from affect behavior in that it deals more with power relations than with emotional intimacy.

In the parent-child relationship there can be two extremes: from very limited; regulated behavior (the parent completely controls the child and makes all decisions for him) to complete freedom (the parent allows the child to decide everything on his own). In both cases, the child feels fear that he will not be able to cope with the situation at a critical moment. An ideal relationship between parent and child reduces this fear, however, too much or too little control leads to the formation of defensive behavior. The child seeks to overcome fear either by dominating others and, at the same time, obeying the rules, or by rejecting the control of other people or their control over himself.

Interpersonal need for affect. It is defined as the need to create and maintain satisfying relationships with other people based on love and emotional relationships. This type of need concerns, first of all, couple relationships.

Satisfactory relationships always include psychologically acceptable relationships of the individual with other people in two directions:

1) from the individual to other people - in the range from “establishes close personal relationships with everyone” to “does not establish close personal relationships with anyone”;

2) from other people to the individual - ranging from “always establish close personal relationships with the individual” to “never enter into close personal relationships with the individual.”

At the emotional level, this need is defined as the desire to create and maintain a feeling of mutual warm emotional relationship. It includes: 1) the ability to love other people sufficiently; 2) understanding that a person is loved by other people to a sufficient extent.

The need for affect at the level of self-understanding is defined as the individual’s need to feel that he is worthy of love. It usually concerns a close personal emotional relationship between two people. An emotional relationship is a relationship that can exist, as a rule, between two people, while relationships in the field of inclusion and control can exist both in a couple and between an individual and a group of people. The need for affect leads to behavior whose goal is emotional closeness with a partner or partners.

Behavior consistent with the need for emotional connections in groups indicates the establishment of friendships and differentiation between group members. If such a need is absent, then the individual, as a rule, avoids close communication. A common method of avoiding close association with any one person is to be friendly with all members of the group.

In childhood, if a child is not brought up emotionally adequately, then he may develop a feeling of fear, which he can subsequently try to overcome in various ways: either by withdrawing into himself, that is, by avoiding close emotional contacts, or by trying to behave outwardly in a friendly manner.

In relation to interpersonal interactions, inclusion is considered primarily to be about attitude formation, whereas control and affect concern attitudes that have already been formed. Among existing relationships, control concerns those people who give orders and decide things for someone, and affect concerns whether the relationship becomes emotionally close or distant.

In short, inclusion can be described as “inside-out”, control as “up-down”, and affect as “near-far”. Further differentiation can be made at the level of the number of people involved in the relationship. Affect is always a relationship in a couple, inclusion is usually an individual’s attitude towards many people, control can be both an attitude towards a couple and an attitude towards many people.

The previous formulations confirm the interpersonal nature of these needs. For the normal functioning of an individual, it is necessary that there is a balance in three areas of interpersonal needs between him and the people around him.

Source :

1. Diagnostics of interpersonal relationships () /, Manuilov - psychological diagnostics of the development of the individual and small groups. – M., 2002. P.167-171.