School essays on this topic, as an option for preparing for the final essay.
Essay: Despair
According to Dahl, the concept of “despair” means a state of extreme hopelessness, a feeling of hopelessness. This means that its source does not necessarily have to be connected, say, with the socio-political-economic background in society. Another thing is that the historical stage we are experiencing has somehow exacerbated subtle moments in people’s lives, leading them to disappointing, so to speak, thoughts in terms of prospects. But there must be a way out of many situations, right?
According to one of the characters in the play by the famous French writer and twentieth-century existentialist philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre, “The Flies,” “real human life begins on the other side of despair.”
Probably, everyone can have their own understanding of what was said, but the thought voiced by Sartre can also be considered from the point of view of the right of choice granted to a person: what is he going to do in the light of the despair that has gripped him (or periodically returns to him)? Continue to fade away or begin (restore) active activity, albeit through significant thorns?
In this context, the perspective of despair can really be defined as the initial (to a certain extent) path to finding the necessary solution, breaking a path to new heights. That is, despair, depending on a person’s perception of the “situation” within himself, can contribute to the birth (reanimation) of seemingly lost strength (some would say, conditioning). In other words, overcoming despair is actually overcoming oneself, when stagnation is gradually replaced by hope, and with it confidence.
By the way, it may also be that a person is simply tired of repeated efforts that do not give the result he expected. And hence the formation in him of uncertainty about the correctness of his chosen path in life. Here it is appropriate to refer to the Danish-American journalist, photographer, who went through a difficult life, Jacob August Riis (late 19th - early 20th centuries).
“When it begins to seem that nothing can help,” he wrote, “I go to watch the stonecutter deliver a hundred blows to the stone, but no crack appears on it. Only after the one hundred and first attempt is the stone divided in half. However, I understand that it was not the final swing of the cutter that contributed to this, but all the previous work.”
Perhaps what has been said will remind someone of the well-known proverb: “Water does not flow under a lying stone,” practically calling for activity, because in order to obtain the denominator you need, you must, at a minimum, not stop moving towards the intended goal.
In this aspect, it seems appropriate to cite an episode to which the outstanding Soviet high jumper, 1964 Olympic champion Valery Brumel refers in his book. Thus, he recalls how one of the athletic trainers conducted an experiment on regular squats, the essence of which was the psychological impact. The trainer asked the student, who had squatted about seven hundred times, why he completed the exercises. The athlete referred to “lead” in his legs, circles before his eyes and even the fear of death if he squatted again. However, the trainer spent two weeks convincing the pupil of the ability of the human muscle to perform unlimited work.
“You only need to overcome yourself once,” he said, “then it will immediately become easier.”
As a result, the athlete did not reach five thousand squats in just a couple of hundred attempts. V. Brumel writes that when faced with this information, he began to wonder whether there is a limit to human capabilities at all?
Perhaps someone will call this example incorrect in relation to the topic under consideration. But is everything so clear? Let us note that V. Brumel himself, at the peak of his sports career, had an accident that led to a severe broken leg. Having undergone 29 operations, he began to walk only after treatment by the famous orthopedic surgeon Gavriil Ilizarov, who became famous after this incident. After some time, V. Brumel again found himself in the jumping sector (!).
What leads a person to despair?
Despair. A state of hopelessness, a feeling that there is “no way out” and things won’t get better. This is a spiritual crisis when a person thinks that he cannot change his life for the better. What leads a person to despair? I think not only severe life adversities, but also a loss of faith in a bright future, in the opportunity to change one’s existence and move forward, overcoming obstacles.
In M. A. Gorky’s romantic story “Old Woman Izergil,” the author shows us how people come to despair. To do this, he includes the legend of Danko in the story and turns to ancient times. Cheerful, brave and strong people who lived in the old days plunged into despair when other, more powerful tribes came and drove them deep into the forest.
The stench from the swamps destroyed people, but they could not fight stronger and more evil enemies, since they did not have the right to die - they were obliged to keep the behests of their ancestors. The tribesmen fell into despair because they did not believe that they could get through the dense impenetrable forest to the light and sun. At that moment Danko appeared, who led them through the forest, and they followed him when they found faith. Despair came to them again one dark stormy night, when they lost faith in their leader and were ready to tear the hero apart out of anger, blaming him for their troubles. Danko tore open his chest with both hands, took out the burning heart, and, enchanted by the bright flame, the people regained faith and followed their leader, who led them to a spacious sunny clearing, and he himself died.
The author brings us to the idea that people come to despair when they lose faith in the possibility of changing their destiny and are afraid to fight for a better life. He sings a hymn to that daredevil who is ready to overcome obstacles and lead people, instilling in them faith in a better future, even if he has to sacrifice himself for the sake of others.
Let us give one more literary argument. In M. A. Gorky’s play “At the Bottom,” the heroes found themselves not only at the bottom of their lives, but also at the bottom of their souls, having exhausted their reserves of faith, hope and love. “Former people” live in a shelter, irritated, disunited, embittered. But then comes the wanderer Luke, who instills faith in the possibility of changing life for the better. He does not promise anything to Satin, Baron, Bubnov, since these “tramps” have long resigned themselves to their fate and are not ready to fight for a way out from the bottom of life to the light. “The Evil Old Man” speaks only to those who need hope and are ready to overcome despair. Luka tells the drunken Actor that somewhere there is a free hospital for alcoholics, instilling in him the belief that he can start a new life. The actor quits drinking, sweeps the streets, earning his way. But then the elder suddenly disappears without telling the Actor the address of the hospital. And Satin says that the old man lied out of pity, that there is no free hospital. The actor, who has lost his faith, cannot withstand despair and commits suicide.
We came to the conclusion that a person comes to despair when he loses faith in the possibility of changing his life for the better. To prevent this from happening, you need to have will, courage and determination.
What is hope?
What is hope? Most people ask this question, but never find an answer. Hope is, first of all, a person’s faith in a good future, expectation, anticipation of something vitally important to him. I believe that in any life situation a person should always have hope for the best. There are many literary works where the main characters do not lose faith.
One of these works is the story of A.P. Chekhov “Vanka”. The main character Vanka is a little orphan boy. He writes a letter to his grandfather. His letter is imbued with kindness, warm words; Vanka wants his grandfather to take him home. He doesn’t like the place where Vanka lives, because he gets beaten. Vanka recalled all the warm moments associated with his childhood, which took place in the village with his grandfather.
The letter is filled with the belief that as soon as grandfather reads the letter, he will immediately take Vanka away. But the reader understands that this will not happen, since the field for the addressee indicates “grandfather’s village.” Thus, Vanka’s hope did not fade, and he believed that his beloved grandfather would come for him.
Another striking example of faith in the best is the work of A. S. Green “The Green Lamp”. Yves, one of the heroes of the story, who was a tramp. One day he met two rich men, they fed him and clothed him. After that, they offered to pay him to put a lamp on the window every evening and, without leaving the house, to sit next to her. Yves agreed, and every evening he hoped that some miracle would happen. For several years, Yves lit this lamp and at the same time read books. 8 years have passed. Yves became a doctor. Thus, Yves' hope helped him find a new life.
In conclusion, I would like to say that a person should never lose hope, no matter what happens. After all, she can always help you get out of even the most difficult situations. It makes a person believe in the best and strive for the goal.
Quotes on the topic: Hope
Man lives only by hope; hope is, in fact, his only property.
Carlyle
Hope lives even at the graves.
Goethe I.
Hope is the only good that cannot be satiated with.
Vauvenargues
No matter how bad things get, never despair, hold on as long as you have strength.
Suvorov A.V.
A well-prepared person retains hope in adversity and fears a change in fortune in happy times.
Horace
Hope always says that it will be easier in the future
Tibulus
As long as a person is alive, he should never lose hope.
Seneca
Hope is the most useful of all passions of the soul: since it maintains health through the calmness of the imagination.
Derzhavin G. R.
Where there is hope, there is fear: fear is always full of hope, hope is always full of fear.
La Rochefoucauld
It is always better to hope than to despair.
Goethe I.
The hope of joy is a little less than the fulfillment of pleasure.
Shakespeare W.
What is the most common thing for everyone? Hope; for if anyone has nothing else, then she is.
Thales
Hopes are the dreams of those who are awake.
Plato
If life deceives you,
Don't be sad, don't be angry!
On the day of despondency, humble yourself:
The day of fun, believe me, will come.
Pushkin A. S.
Fear and hope can convince a person of anything.
Vauvenargues
Nadezhda is the best doctor known.
Dumas A. father
We shouldn't lose heart.
Cicero
Hope is the desire of the soul to convince itself that the desired will come true... Fear is the inclination of the soul, convincing it that the desire will not come true.
Descartes
Hope, which accompanies us all our lives, does not leave us even at the hour of death.
Pope A.
All my hope is in myself.
Terence
Even in the most hopeless, struggle remains hope.
Rolland R.
Where hope dies, emptiness arises.
Leonardo da Vinci
O deceiving hope of man!
Cicero
Everyone knows that the problem of honor and dishonor is key in the life of every person. A large number of books have been written on this topic and many films have been made. Both experienced adults and teenagers who are not fully familiar with life talk about it.
What is dishonor? Dishonor is a kind of insult, literally a loss of honor under any circumstances, a shame.
This topic has truly been important throughout human existence and does not lose relevance in the modern world. Therefore, many writers have addressed this problem in their works.
“The Captain's Daughter”, A.S. Pushkin
The problem raised is key in this work by Alexander Sergeevich. In his opinion, dishonor is what should be feared most. The personification of piety in the novel is Grinev and his entire family, as well as his beloved and her relatives. Shvabrin is sharply opposed to him. This is the absolute opposite of Grinev. Even the character's last name is telling. Shvabrin is a terrible egoist who lost his officer's honor by defecting to Pugachev.
“Song about the merchant Kalashnikov”, M.Yu. Lermontov
Mikhail Yuryevich takes the reader to the reign of Ivan IV, famous for the introduction of the oprichnina. The guardsmen, the tsar's loyal subjects, were so loved by him that they could afford any action and remain unpunished. So, the guardsman Kiribeevich dishonored a married woman Alena Dmitrievna, and her husband, having learned about this, decided to face certain death, but return honor to his wife by challenging Kiribeevich to a fight. With this, the merchant Kalashnikov showed himself to be a pious man, a man who would do anything for the sake of honor, even to his own death.
But Kiribeevich distinguished himself only by cowardice, because he could not even admit to the king that the woman was married.
The song helps answer the reader’s question about what dishonor is. This is, first of all, cowardice.
"Thunderstorm", A.N. Ostrovsky
Katerina, the main character of the drama, was brought up in a pure, bright atmosphere of kindness and affection. Therefore, when she got married, she assumed that her life would be the same. But Katerina found herself in a world where completely different orders and foundations rule, and Kabanikha, a true tyrant and bigot, monitors all this. Katerina could not withstand the onslaught and found consolation only in Boris’s love. But she, a believer, could not cheat on her husband. And the girl decided that the best way out for her was suicide. Thus, Katerina realized that dishonor is already a sin. And there is nothing more terrible than him.
For many centuries there was a struggle: honor and dishonor fought in one person. And only a bright and pure soul could make the right choice; Russian classics tried to show these vices in their immortal works.
Honor is one of the most significant human values. To act honestly means to listen to the voice of conscience, to live in harmony with oneself. Such a person will always have an advantage over others, since no circumstances can lead him astray from the true path. He values his beliefs and remains true to them to the end. An unscrupulous person, on the contrary, sooner or later suffers defeat, if only because he betrayed himself. A liar loses his dignity and experiences a moral decline, and therefore he does not have the spiritual strength to defend his position to the end. As the famous quote from the movie Brother says, “There is strength in truth.”
In the story “The Captain's Daughter” by A. S. Pushkin, the theme of truth occupies a central place. As an epigraph, the author takes the well-known proverb “Take care of your dress again, but take care of your honor from a young age” and develops this idea throughout the entire work. In the story we see a “confrontation” between two heroes - Grinev and Shvabrin, one of whom chose to follow the path of honor, and the other turned away from this path. Petrusha Grinev defends not only the honor of the girl slandered by Shvabrin, he defends the honor of his Motherland and his empress, to whom he swore an oath. Grinev, in love with Masha, challenges Shvabrin to a duel, who has insulted the girl’s honor by allowing himself unacceptable hints towards her. During the duel itself, Shvabrin again acts dishonestly and wounds Grinev when he is distracted. But the reader sees who Masha chooses.
Pugachev's arrival at the fortress is another test for the heroes. Shvabrin, pursuing his own interests, goes over to Pugachev’s side and thereby betrays both himself and his Motherland. And Grinev, even under pain of death, remains true to his convictions. And Pugachev, the robber and revolutionary, leaves Grinev alive because he is able to appreciate such an act.
War is also a test of honor. In V. Bykov’s story “Sotnikov” we again observe two opposing characters - the partisans Sotnikov and Rybak. Sotnikov, despite his illness, volunteers to go in search of food, “because others refused.” He alone fires back at the policemen, while Rybak runs away and abandons his comrade. Even after being captured, during interrogation, under severe torture, he does not reveal the location of his squad. Sotnikov dies on the gallows, but retains both honor and dignity.
The seemingly noble return of Rybak for his lagging comrade has low motives: he is afraid of the condemnation of others and does not know how to explain his treacherous act to the detachment. Then, in captivity, when they are being led to execution, Rybak agrees to go into service with the Germans in order to save his life. However, having lost his last hope of escaping, he comes to the conclusion that death is his only way out. But he fails to commit suicide, and this cowardly, weak-spirited man is forced to suffer all his life under the blows of his conscience.
In conclusion, I would like to say that we must cultivate and preserve the habit of acting honestly and according to our conscience. This is one of the foundations on which society rests. Even now, when the times of knights and duels are long gone, we must not forget the true meaning of the concept of “honor”.
Interesting? Save it on your wall!Honor and dishonor... Probably many have thought about what these words mean. Honor is self-esteem, moral principles that a person is ready to defend in any situation, even at the cost of his own life. The basis of dishonor is cowardice, weakness of character, which does not allow one to fight for ideals, forcing one to commit vile acts. Both of these concepts are revealed, as a rule, in a situation of moral choice.
Many writers have addressed the topic of honor and dishonor. Thus, V. Bykov’s story “Sotnikov” talks about two partisans who were captured. One of them, Sotnikov, bravely endures torture, but does not tell his enemies anything. Knowing that he will be executed the next morning, he prepares to face death with dignity. The writer focuses our attention on the hero’s thoughts: “Sotnikov easily and simply, as something elementary and completely logical in his situation, now made the last decision: to take everything upon himself. Tomorrow he will tell the investigator that he went on reconnaissance, had a mission, wounded a policeman in a shootout, that he is the commander of the Red Army and an opponent of fascism, let them shoot him. The rest have nothing to do with it.” It is significant that before his death the partisan thinks not about himself, but about saving others. And although his attempt did not lead to success, he fulfilled his duty to the end. The hero faces death courageously, not for a minute does the thought of begging the enemy for mercy or becoming a traitor occur to him. The author wants to convey to us the idea that honor and dignity are above the fear of death.
Sotnikov’s comrade, Rybak, behaves completely differently. The fear of death took over all his feelings. Sitting in the basement, all he can think about is saving his own life. When the police offered him to become one of them, he was not offended or indignant; on the contrary, he “felt keenly and joyfully - he will live! The opportunity to live has appeared - this is the main thing. Everything else will come later.” Of course, he does not want to become a traitor: “He had no intention of giving them partisan secrets, much less joining the police, although he understood that it would obviously not be easy to evade them.” He hopes that “he will turn out and then he will certainly settle accounts with these bastards...”. An inner voice tells the Fisherman that he has embarked on the path of dishonor. And then Rybak tries to find a compromise with his conscience: “He went to this game to win his life - isn’t this enough for the most, even desperate, game? And there it will be visible, as long as they don’t kill him or torture him during interrogations. If only he could break out of this cage, he wouldn’t allow himself anything bad. Is he an enemy to his own? Faced with a choice, he is not ready to sacrifice his life for the sake of honor.
The writer shows the successive stages of Rybak's moral decline. So he agrees to go over to the side of the enemy and at the same time continues to convince himself that “there is no great guilt behind him.” In his opinion, “he had more opportunities and cheated to survive. But he is not a traitor. In any case, I had no intention of becoming a German servant. He kept waiting to seize an opportune moment - maybe now, or maybe a little later, and only they will see him...”
And so Rybak takes part in Sotnikov’s execution. Bykov emphasizes that Rybak is trying to find an excuse even for this terrible act: “What does he have to do with it? Is this him? He just pulled out this stump. And then on the orders of the police.” And only walking in the ranks of policemen, Rybak finally understands: “There was no longer a road to escape from this formation.” V. Bykov emphasizes that the path of dishonor that Rybak chose is a path to nowhere.
Summing up what has been said, I would like to express the hope that, when faced with a difficult choice, we will not forget about the highest values: honor, duty, courage.
The “Honor and Dishonor” direction is based on polar concepts associated with a person’s moral choice: to be faithful to the voice of conscience, to follow moral principles, or to follow the path of betrayal, lies and hypocrisy. Many writers focused their attention on depicting various manifestations of man: from loyalty to moral rules to various forms of compromise with conscience, up to deep moral failure.
For inspiration!
Everything in the world depends on
From the heavenly heights.
But our honor, but our honor
It depends on us alone.
Song from the film "The Musketeers. 20 years later"
Music M. Dunaevsky, poems by Leonid Derbenev
Possible essay topics
Possible essay topics(selection by Irina Anatolyevna Suyazova)
1. How do you understand the meaning of the proverb “Honest eyes do not look sideways”?
2. How do you understand the meaning of the proverb “Honor goes along the road, and dishonor on the side”?
3. How do you understand the meaning of the proverb “Death is better than dishonor”?
4. How do you understand the meaning of F. M. Dostoevsky’s statement “Trading honor, you cannot get rich”? 5. A work about honor and dishonor that excited you...
6. It’s easy to be called a man, but it’s more difficult to be a man (proverb).
7. How are the words “honor”, “honesty”, “purity” similar?
8.Why has honor been valued at all times?
9.Is it appropriate to talk about honor and conscience in our time?
10. How do you understand what “honor” and “dishonor” are?
11.People want wealth and fame for themselves; if both cannot be obtained honestly, they should be avoided. (Confucius)
12. When a guilty person admits his guilt, he saves the only thing worth saving - his honor (Victor Hugo)
13.Whoever loses honor cannot lose anything beyond that. (Publius Syrus)
14.Honor is like a precious stone: the slightest spot deprives it of its shine and takes away all its value. (Pierre Beauchaine, French writer)
15. Is the Russian proverb true: “Take care of your honor from a young age”?
16. You won’t get rich by trading your honor. (F.M. Dostoevsky, great Russian writer)
17. An honest person can be persecuted, but not dishonored. (F. Voltaire)
18.Honor can only be lost once. (E.M. Kapiev, Dagestan Soviet prose writer)
19.Honor cannot be taken away, it can be lost. (A.P. Chekhov)
20. Honor, decency, conscience - qualities that should be valued (based on works of Russian literature of the 19th century)
21. Your attitude to the relevance of the topic of honor (Why does the topic of honor remain relevant today?)
22. What kind of person can be called a man of honor?
23. How do you understand what “honor” and “dishonor” are?
24. Betrayal and dishonor: how are these concepts related?
25. Honor and conscience are the leading concepts characterizing the human personality
26. The concept of honor that is close to my spirit...
27. Can love or conscience revive the previously lost concept of honor? (As an example-argument: Raskolnikov and Svidrigailov, heroes of F.M. Dostoevsky’s novel “Crime and Punishment”) 28. Can a person who wins a duel be considered a man of honor?
29. Do you agree with the statement of F.M. Dostoevsky “In everything there is a line beyond which it is dangerous to cross; for once you step over, it is impossible to go back”?
30. What is true honor and what is imaginary?
31. What lengths can you go to in order to protect human honor? 32. A work about a man of honor that shocked me...
33. What does it mean to walk the path of honor?
M.A. Sholokhov, story “The Fate of a Man”;
A.S. Griboedov, comedy “Woe from Wit”;
DI. Fonvizin, comedy “Undergrown”;
A.S. Pushkin, story “The Captain's Daughter”;
"The Tale of Igor's Campaign";
ON THE. Nekrasov's poem "Who Lives Well in Rus'"
M.Yu. Lermontov's novel "A Hero of Our Time"
L.N. Tolstoy's epic novel "War and Peace"
I.S. Turgenev's novel "Fathers and Sons"
F.M. Dostoevsky's novel "Crime and Punishment"
M.A. Bulgakov's novel "The Master and Margarita"
A.I. Solzhenitsyn's story “One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich”
N.M. Karamzin, story “Poor Liza”
A.N. Ostrovsky, drama "The Thunderstorm"
A.I. Solzhenitsyn, story "Matryonin's Dvor"
A.I. Kuprin, stories “Garnet Bracelet”, “Olesya”
M. Gorky, story “Old Woman Izergil”
Tolstoy L.N., story “Prisoner of the Caucasus”
Paustovsky K. G., fairy tale “Warm Bread”
Stevenson R., ballad “Heather Honey”
M.Yu. Lermontov. “Song about Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich...”
N.V.Gogol. , story "Taras Bulba"
F. Cooper, novel “The Last of the Mohicans”
A.P. Platonov, story “Yushka”
V. Scott. , novel "Ivanhoe"
Pushkin A.S. ,novel "Dubrovsky"
Green A.S. , extravaganza "Scarlet Sails"
Merimee P., short story “Matteo Falcone”
L.N. Andreev, story “Judas Iscariot”
N.S. Leskov, “The Stupid Artist”, “The Enchanted Wanderer”
G. de Maupassant, “The Necklace”
Materials for the introductory part of the essay
Honor is that high spiritual force that keeps a person from meanness, betrayal, lies and cowardice. This is the core that strengthens the individual in choosing an action when conscience is the judge. Life often tests people, presenting them with a choice - to act honorably and take the blow or be cowardly and go against their conscience in order to gain benefit and avoid troubles, possibly death. A person always has a choice, and how he will act depends on his moral principles. The path of honor is difficult, but retreat from it, the loss of honor is even more painful. Being a social, rational and conscious being, a person cannot help but think about how others treat him, what they think about him, what assessments are given to his actions and his entire life. At the same time, he cannot help but think about his place among other people. This spiritual connection between a person and society is expressed in the concepts of Honor and Dignity. “Honor is my life,” wrote Shakespeare, “they have grown into one, and to lose honor is for me the same as losing life.” Moral decay, the decline of moral principles leads to the collapse of both an individual and an entire nation. That is why the importance of the great Russian classical literature, which is the moral foundation for many generations of people, is so great.
Materials for the main part of the essay
Holy Army
Conscience, Nobility and Dignity -
here it is, our holy army.
Give him your hand
There is no fear for him even in the fire.
His face is high and amazing.
Dedicate your short life to him.
Maybe you won't be a winner
but you will die like a man.
1988
"Self-esteem..."
Bella Akhmadulina
Self-esteem is a mysterious tool:
it is created over centuries, but is lost in a moment
whether to an accordion, to a bombing, to beautiful chatter,
dried up, destroyed, crushed at the root.
Self-esteem is a mysterious path,
on which it’s easy to crash, but you can’t turn back,
because without delay, inspired, pure, alive,
will dissolve, your human image will turn into dust.
Self-esteem is simply a portrait of love.
I love you, my comrades - pain and tenderness are in my blood.
No matter what the darkness and evil prophesy, there’s nothing but this
humanity did not come up with a way to save itself.
So don’t waste your time, brother, don’t give up, spit on the nonsense vanity -
you will lose your divine face, your pristine beauty.
Well, why risk it in vain? Are there not enough other concerns?
Get up, go, servant, just straight, just forward.
Yuri Levitansky
Everyone chooses for themselves
A woman, religion, a road.
To serve the devil or the prophet -
Everyone chooses for themselves.
Everyone chooses for themselves
A word for love and for prayer.
A sword for a duel, a sword for battle -
Everyone chooses for themselves.
Everyone chooses for themselves:
Shield and armor. Staff and patches.
The measure of the final reckoning
Everyone chooses for themselves.
Everyone chooses for themselves.
I also choose - as best I can.
I have no complaints against anyone -
Everyone chooses for themselves.
The day will come and the hour will strike,
When will it be the turn of intelligence and honor to stand in first place throughout the entire earth.
Robert Burns
This wonderful text from the collection of texts for composing the Unified State Examination can be used both in the main part and in the introduction and conclusion. Read it, write down quotes, keywords.
(1) In a letter to his wife on May 18, 1836, Pushkin wondered: where did these sensible young people come from, “who are spit in the eyes, and they wipe themselves off” instead of defending their honor? (2) Sometimes it seems that we came out of the greatcoats of these meek people. (3) We can no longer hear the ringing of elastic steel in the word honor.
