How to properly give a subcutaneous injection to a person. How to give an injection to yourself? Preparation and rules for intramuscular and subcutaneous injections

The main advantage of an injection in the shoulder is that there is no need to remove the lower part of your clothing. In the context of a vaccination or treatment room, this is of paramount importance, as it allows vaccinations to be done much faster. Therefore, in Russian hospitals, shoulder injections are the most commonly practiced among children and adults. Often, subcutaneous or intradermal injections can be given at this site, however, in this article we will talk exclusively about intramuscular vaccinations. This procedure is correctly called “injection into the deltoid muscle of the shoulder.”

Place of vaccination

It would seem, why not do all intramuscular vaccinations in the shoulder, if it is so convenient? There are a number of reasons that may prevent you from injecting into this place:

• Undeveloped muscles - if the patient suffers from dystrophy or is simply poorly developed physically, it can be quite difficult to get into the deltoid muscle. In this case, it is better to vaccinate in the gluteal muscle or thigh;
• Inexperience of the person performing the procedure - a carelessly performed injection can lead to damage to the brachial or ulnar nerve or brachial artery. If the vaccinator is not confident in his accuracy, it is better to choose another place.
• Injection performed independently - correctly injecting into the shoulder without assistance is much more difficult than in the thigh. If there is no assistant, it is better to avoid this method.
• Extensive damage to the skin in the deltoid muscle area - this includes burns, birthmarks, large scars, and so on. For injection, it is better to choose the cleanest place on the skin.

If vaccination in the shoulder is possible, the first step is to decide on the injection site. An intramuscular injection is made strictly into the outer surface of the shoulder. It’s easy to find a suitable place for grafting: measure four fingers from the top of the shoulder joint and mark the center of the area. Another way: visually divide the arm from the elbow to the shoulder joint into three identical horizontal lines. The center of the middle region will also be the most suitable place for vaccination. The area is selected in such a way that anatomical differences between people or a small error will not result in hitting a nerve or artery. The injection site can also be seen in the image below.

Execution algorithm

Any medical procedure does not tolerate deviations from the instructions, including an injection in the shoulder. It is important to maintain sterility and sequence of vaccination. What you will need for the injection:

• Three-component injection disposable syringe with a volume of up to 5 ml, needle length 50–70 mm, inner needle diameter 1–15 mm;
• Drug solution, nail file for safe opening of ampoules;
• Sterile cotton wool or special wipes for disinfection;
• 70% solution of medical alcohol;
• Latex gloves;
• Containers for disposal of medical instruments and consumables.

Make sure that medications are stored in accordance with the instructions. If storage conditions are not observed, the properties of the drug are lost within the first 3–4 hours.

How to properly inject into the deltoid muscle, step by step:

1. It is convenient to sit the patient down, explain the procedure to him and obtain consent for it.
2. Wash and dry your hands, put on sterile seals.
3. Place the needle on the syringe and turn it slightly clockwise to secure it.
4. Draw the required amount of the drug into the syringe, first checking the drug label and its expiration date.
5. Check for air in the syringe by spraying a small amount of solution out of it.
6. Treat the shoulder with a cotton swab or napkin moistened with alcohol, paying special attention to the injection site.
7. Stretch the skin at the injection site with the thumb and index finger of your free hand.
8. Hold the syringe securely in your working hand, placing it between the middle and index fingers, fixing the piston with your thumb.
9. Smoothly insert the needle into the muscle, perpendicular to the surface of the skin by 2–3 cm.
10. Slowly increasing pressure with your finger on the syringe plunger, inject the drug into the deltoid muscle.
11. Smoothly remove the needle from the patient’s tissues along the same vector as during insertion.
12. Apply a new cotton swab or napkin moistened with alcohol to the vaccination site.
13. Throw away the used syringe and consumables, remove and discard gloves.

These instructions can be printed for convenience. At first, it is extremely difficult to remember all the nuances of this procedure without confusing anything.

Exactly following the instructions, which must always be followed, will ensure a high-quality injection, with virtually no pain.

Important Details

In addition to step-by-step instructions, you need to know the important features of the procedure in order to make injections easier and more painless. The very first thing to remember is the need to warm the drug to human body temperature or at least room temperature. The administration of cold medicine provides extremely unpleasant sensations and promotes aseptic inflammation (a sensitive swelling appears at the injection site), which takes up to 2 weeks. This rule includes the need to relax the muscles - tension only increases pain and makes it difficult for the needle to penetrate.

Large amounts of fatty tissue can also make it difficult for the needle to penetrate the muscle. If the person receiving the vaccine is obese, you may have to choose a longer needle. The recommended length in this case is equal to the thickness of the subcutaneous fat + 3 centimeters. The volume of adipose tissue can be approximately assessed by palpation (palpation). You can understand whether the needle has reached the muscle by a change in tissue resistance - the needle penetrates muscle tissue much harder than through the subcutaneous fat layer. If you cannot determine whether the needle is in the muscle tissue or not, you should inject again. Subcutaneous administration of solutions intended for intramuscular administration is strictly prohibited. Before injecting the drug solution into the muscle, pull the syringe back a few millimeters. This is necessary so that the medicine does not get into a blood vessel accidentally pierced by a needle.

The needle must be inserted confidently, with a gradual, uniformly accelerated movement. Under no circumstances should you inject with a “blow”. In this case, it is possible to pierce the entire muscle tissue down to the axillary tissue, which will bring severe pain to the patient. Also, do not inject an excessive amount of solution. If the doctor's prescription indicates large quantities of the drug intramuscularly, it is better to make several injections. Otherwise, aseptic inflammation of the muscle tissue with compression of the nerves will occur. This is extremely painful and can render the limb inoperative for some time.

This is all the important and necessary information for those who have to get intramuscular vaccinations in the shoulder. Try not to deviate from the instructions unless agreed upon by qualified physicians. We wish you easy, painless injections and more success in nursing!

Intradermal injection, nuances and execution algorithm Is fever after vaccination normal or a cause for concern?

Medicinal injections can be done at home, observing all precautions and the administration algorithm.

Features of intramuscular injections

Intramuscular injection (injection) is a parenteral method of administering a drug, previously converted into a solution, by injecting it into the thickness of the muscle structures with a needle. All injections are classified into 2 main types - intramuscular and intravenous. If injections for intravenous administration must be entrusted to professionals, then intramuscular administration can be carried out both in the hospital and at home. Intramuscular injection can also be practiced by people who are far from medicine, including teenagers, if constant injection treatment is necessary. The following anatomical zones are suitable for injection:

gluteal region(upper square);

hip(outer side);

shoulder area.

Administration to the femoral region is preferable, but the choice of injection site depends on the nature of the drug. Antibacterial drugs are traditionally placed in the gluteal region due to high pain. Before the injection is administered, the patient needs to relax as much as possible, sit comfortably on a couch, sofa, table. Conditions must be conducive to the administration of the drug. If a person injects himself independently, the muscles of the injection area should be relaxed while the arm is tense.

Intramuscular injections are the best alternative to oral medications due to the rapidity of action of the active substance and minimizing the risk of side effects from the gastrointestinal tract.

Parenteral administration significantly reduces the risks of allergic reactions and drug intolerance.

Pros and cons of injections

The rate of maximum concentration of drugs for intramuscular injection is slightly lower than for drugs for infusion (intravenous) administration, but not all drugs are intended for administration through venous access. This is due to the possibility of damage to the venous walls and a decrease in the activity of the medicinal substance. Aqueous and oily solutions and suspensions can be administered intramuscularly.

The advantages of drugs for intramuscular administration are the following:

the possibility of introducing solutions of different structures;

the possibility of introducing depot preparations for better transport of the active substance, to provide a prolonged result;

rapid entry into the blood;

introduction of substances with pronounced irritating properties.

The disadvantages include the difficulty of self-injection into the gluteal region, the risk of nerve damage when inserting a needle, and the danger of getting into a blood vessel with complex medicinal compositions.

Some drugs are not administered intramuscularly. Thus, calcium chloride can provoke necrotic tissue changes in the area of ​​needle insertion, inflammatory foci of varying depth. Certain knowledge will allow you to avoid unpleasant consequences from improper administration of injections in violation of technology or safety rules.

Consequences of incorrect setting

The main causes of complications after erroneous administration are considered to be various violations of the technique of administering injection drugs and non-compliance with the antiseptic treatment regimen. The consequences of errors are the following reactions:

embolic reactions, when a needle with an oil solution penetrates the wall of a vessel;

the formation of infiltration and compaction due to non-compliance with the aseptic regime and constant administration in the same place;

abscess due to infection of the injection site;

nerve damage due to incorrect choice of injection site;

atypical allergic reactions.

To reduce the risk of side effects, you should relax the muscle as much as possible. This will avoid breaking thin needles when administering the drug. Before administration, you need to know the rules for the injection procedure.

How to do it correctly - instructions

Before insertion, the area of ​​intended insertion must be inspected for integrity. It is contraindicated to inject into an area with visible skin lesions, especially those of a pustular nature. The area should be palpated for the presence of tubercles and compactions. The skin should come together well without causing pain. Before administration, the skin is folded and the drug is injected. This manipulation helps to safely administer the drug to children, adults and malnourished patients.

What is needed for the injection?

To streamline the procedure, everything you need should be at hand. Also, a place for treatment must be equipped. If multiple injections are necessary, a separate room or corner for administering the injection is suitable. Giving an injection requires preparation of the site, the working area and the injection site on the human body. To carry out the procedure you will need the following items:

medicinal solution or dry substance in an ampoule;

three-component syringe with a volume of 2.5 to 5 ml (according to the dosage of the drug);

cotton balls soaked in an alcohol solution;

ampoules with saline solution and other solvent (if necessary, introducing powder).

Before the injection, you should check the integrity of the drug packaging, as well as the ease of opening the container. This will allow you to avoid unforeseen factors when giving an injection, especially when it comes to young children.

Preparation for the process

To prepare, you should use the following step-by-step algorithm:

the workplace must be clean, the paraphernalia must be covered with a clean cotton towel;

the integrity of the ampoule must not be compromised, the expiration dates and storage conditions of the medicine must be observed;

The ampoule should be shaken before administration (unless otherwise indicated in the instructions);

the tip of the ampoule is treated with alcohol, filed or broken;

After taking the medicine, it is tedious to release excess air from the syringe container.

The patient should be in a supine position, which reduces the risk of spontaneous muscle contraction and needle fracture. Relaxation reduces pain, risks of injury and unpleasant consequences after insertion.

Administration of the drug

After selecting a location, the area is cleared of clothing, palpated and treated with an antiseptic. When inserting into the gluteal region, it is necessary to press your left hand to the buttock so that the area of ​​intended insertion is between the index and thumb. This allows the skin to be fixed. With your left hand, slightly stretch the skin at the injection site. The injection is made with sharp, confident movements with a slight swing. For painless insertion, the needle should enter 3/4 of the length.

The optimal needle length for intramuscular injection is no more than 4 cm. The needle can be inserted at a slight angle or vertically. The protective cap from the needle is removed immediately before the injection.

After insertion, the syringe is intercepted with the left hand to securely fix it, and the piston is pressed with the right hand and the medicine is gradually injected. If you inject too quickly, a lump may form. After completion, alcoholized cotton wool is applied to the injection area, after which the needle is removed. The injection site should be massaged with an alcohol-soaked cotton ball to prevent the formation of a lump. This will also eliminate the risk of infection.

If the injection is given to a child, it is better to prepare a small syringe with a small and thin needle. Before conducting, it is recommended to grab the skin into a fold along with the muscle. Before injecting yourself, you should practice in front of a mirror to choose the optimal position.

Features of insertion into the buttock

Insertion into the buttock is considered the traditional injection site. To correctly determine the area of ​​intended injection, the buttock is conventionally divided into a square and the upper right or upper left is selected. These areas are safe from accidental needle or drug entry into the sciatic nerve. You can define the zone differently. You need to step back down from the protruding pelvic bones. This will not be difficult for slender patients.

Intramuscular injections can be water or oil. When injecting an oil solution, the needle must be inserted carefully so as not to damage the blood vessels. Drugs for administration should be at room temperature (unless otherwise indicated). This way the medicine disperses throughout the body faster and is easier to administer. When injecting an oil preparation, after inserting the needle, the piston is pulled towards itself. If there is no blood, the procedure is completed painlessly. If blood appears in the syringe reservoir, you should slightly change the depth or angle of the needle. In some cases, it is necessary to replace the needle and try again to inject.

Before inserting a needle into the buttock, you should practice yourself in front of a mirror and completely relax during the manipulation.

The following step-by-step instructions should be followed:

1. inspect the ampoule for integrity and expiration dates;
2. shake the contents so that the medicine is evenly distributed throughout the ampoule;
3. treat the intended injection site with alcohol;
4. remove the protective cap from the needle and the drug;
5. inject the medicine into the syringe reservoir;
6. gather the skin into a fold and press the buttock with your left hand so that the injection area is between the index and thumb;
7. administer the drug;
8. apply alcohol-soaked cotton wool and pull out the needle;
9. massage the injection area.

The alcohol cotton wool should be thrown away 10-20 minutes after the injection. If the injection is given to a small child, you should seek the help of third parties to immobilize the baby. Any sudden movement during injection can lead to a broken needle and increased pain from the injection of the drug.

In the thigh

The insertion zone into the thigh is the vastus lateralis muscle. Unlike insertion into the gluteal muscle, the syringe is inserted with two fingers of one hand using the principle of holding a pencil. This measure prevents the needle from entering the periosteum or sciatic nerve structure. To carry out the manipulation, the following rules must be observed:

muscles should be relaxed:

patient's posture - sitting with knees bent;

palpating the area of ​​intended injection;

antiseptic surface treatment;

piercing and fixing the syringe;

injection of a medicinal product;

clamp the insertion area with a cotton ball soaked in alcohol;

massaging the injection area.

If there is a significant amount of subcutaneous fat in the thigh area, it is recommended to take a needle of at least 6 mm. When administering the drug to children or debilitated patients, the injection area is formed in the form of a fold, which necessarily includes the lateral muscle. This will ensure that the drug reaches the muscle and reduce the pain of the injection.

In the shoulder

Administration into the shoulder is due to difficult penetration and absorption of the drug during subcutaneous administration. Also, localization is chosen if the injection is painful and difficult to tolerate by children and adults. The injection is placed in the deltoid muscle of the shoulder, provided that other areas are inaccessible for manipulation or several injections are required. Insertion into the shoulder requires dexterity and skill, despite the accessibility of the intended insertion area.

The main danger is damage to nerves, blood vessels, and the formation of inflammatory foci. The basic rules for giving an injection in the shoulder are as follows:

determination of the area of ​​intended introduction;

palpation and disinfection of the injection area;

fixing the syringe and confidently inserting the needle;

injecting the solution, applying alcohol wool and withdrawing the needle.

To determine the zone, it is necessary to conditionally divide the upper part of the arm into 3 parts. To inject, you need to select the middle lobe. The shoulder should be free of clothing. At the moment of the injection, the arm should be bent. The subcutaneous injection should be made at an angle at the base of the muscle structure, and the skin should be folded.

Security measures

Injections are a minimally invasive procedure, so it is important to follow all precautions. Knowledge will help prevent the risks of complications in the form of local reactions and inflammation. The basic rules include the following:

If there is a series of procedures, then the injection area should be changed every day. You cannot give the injection in the same place. Alternating the injection zone reduces the pain of injection and reduces the risk of hematomas, papules, and bruises.

It is important to ensure the integrity of the packaging of the drug and the syringe. You only need to use a disposable syringe. Sterility in injection matters is the main aspect of safety.

If there are no conditions for unhindered administration of the drug on the patient’s body, it is better to use a 2-cc syringe and a thin needle. This way there will be fewer seals, less pain, and the drug will disperse faster into the bloodstream.

Used syringes, needles, and solution ampoules should be disposed of as household waste. Used cotton wool, gloves, and packaging must also be thrown away.

If the oil solution gets into the blood, an embolism may develop, so before injection you should pull the syringe plunger towards you. If during this manipulation blood begins to enter the syringe reservoir, this indicates that the needle has entered a blood vessel. To do this, you need to change its direction and depth without removing the needle. If the injection does not work, you should replace the needle and inject in another place. If no blood enters during the reverse movement of the piston, then you can safely complete the injection.

You can learn how to give injections at special courses at medical colleges or institutes. Self-education can help you start treatment long before visiting a doctor, during a remote consultation. Also, this can help organize early discharge from hospitals, as there is no need for constant assistance from nursing staff. Self-prescription of drugs and determination of the injection zone without consulting a doctor is prohibited. Before administering the medicine, you can read the instructions again.

With diabetes, patients have to inject insulin into the body every day to regulate blood sugar levels. For this purpose, it is important to be able to use insulin syringes yourself, calculate the dosage of the hormone and know the algorithm for administering a subcutaneous injection. Parents of children with diabetes should also be able to perform such manipulations.

The subcutaneous injection method is used most often in cases where it is required that the drug be absorbed into the blood evenly. The drug thus enters the subcutaneous fatty tissue.

This is a fairly painless procedure, so this method can be used for insulin therapy. If you use the intramuscular route to inject insulin into the body, absorption of the hormone occurs very quickly, so such an algorithm can harm a diabetic by causing glycemia.

It is important to consider that diabetes mellitus requires regular changes of subcutaneous injection sites. For this reason, after about a month, you should choose a different area of ​​the body for the injection.

The technique of painlessly administering insulin is usually practiced on yourself, and the injection is given using a sterile saline solution. The algorithm for a competent injection can be explained by the attending physician.

The rules for performing a subcutaneous injection are quite simple. Before each procedure, you must wash your hands thoroughly with antibacterial soap; they can also be additionally treated with an antiseptic solution.

Insulin administration using syringes is performed using sterile rubber gloves. It is important to ensure proper lighting in the room.

To administer a subcutaneous injection you will need:

• An insulin syringe with a needle of the required volume installed.
• A sterile tray where cotton swabs and balls are placed.
• Medical alcohol 70%, which is used to treat the skin at the site of the insulin injection.
• Special container for the material used.
• Disinfectant solution for processing syringes.

Before injecting insulin, a thorough inspection of the injection site should be performed. The skin should not show any damage, symptoms of dermatological disease or irritation. If there is swelling, a different area is selected for the injection.

For subcutaneous injection, you can use the following body parts:

1. Outer humeral surface;
2. Anterior outer surface of the thigh;
3. The lateral surface of the abdominal wall;
4. The area under the shoulder blade.

Since there is usually virtually no subcutaneous fat in the area of ​​the arms and legs, insulin injections are not given there. Otherwise, the injection will not be subcutaneous, but intramuscular.

In addition to the fact that such a procedure is very painful, administering the hormone this way can lead to complications.

How is a subcutaneous injection done?

The diabetic makes an injection with one hand and holds the desired area of ​​skin with the other. The algorithm for correct administration of the drug consists, first of all, in the correct capture of the skin fold.

With clean fingers, you need to grab the area of ​​the skin where the injection will be administered into the fold.

There is no need to squeeze the skin, as this will lead to bruising.

• It is important to choose a suitable area where there is a lot of subcutaneous tissue. If you are thin, this place can be the gluteal region. To carry out the injection, you don’t even need to make a fold, you just need to feel the fat under the skin and inject into it.
• The insulin syringe should be held like a dart - using your thumb and three other fingers. The technique of administering insulin has a basic rule - so that the injection does not cause pain to the patient, it must be done quickly.
• The algorithm for performing a thrust is similar in action to throwing a dart; the darts playing technique will be an ideal hint. The main thing is to hold the syringe tightly so that it does not jump out of your hands. If the doctor taught you to administer a subcutaneous injection by touching the tip of the needle to the skin and gradually pressing in, this method is erroneous.
• The skin fold is formed depending on the length of the needle. For obvious reasons, insulin syringes with short needles will be most convenient and will not cause pain to a diabetic.
• The syringe accelerates to the required speed when it is at a distance of ten centimeters from the site of the future injection. This will allow the needle to instantly penetrate the skin. Acceleration is imparted through the movement of the entire arm, the forearm also participates in this. When the syringe is close to the skin area, the wrist guides the tip of the needle exactly to the target.
• After the needle penetrates the skin, you need to press the piston all the way, injecting the entire volume of insulin. After the injection, you cannot immediately remove the needle; you need to wait five seconds, after which it is removed with quick movements.

You should not use oranges or other fruits as a workout.

To learn how to accurately hit the desired target, the throwing technique is practiced with a syringe with a plastic cap on the needle.

How to fill a syringe

It is important not only to know the algorithm for performing injections, but also to be able to correctly fill the syringe and know.

1. After removing the plastic cap, you need to draw a certain amount of air into the syringe, equal to the volume of insulin injected.
2. Using a syringe, the rubber cap on the bottle is pierced, after which all the collected air is released from the syringe.
3. After this, the syringe with the bottle is turned upside down and held vertically.
4. The syringe must be pressed tightly into the palm of your hand using your little fingers, after which the piston is sharply pulled down.
5. You need to draw into the syringe a dosage of insulin that is 10 units more than required.
6. The piston is pressed smoothly until the required dose of the drug is in the syringe.
7. After removal from the bottle, the syringe is held vertically.

Simultaneous administration of different types of insulin

Diabetics often use different types of insulin in order to urgently normalize blood sugar levels. Usually this injection is carried out in the morning.

The algorithm has a certain sequence of injections:

• Initially, you need to inject ultra-thin insulin.
• Next, short-acting insulin is administered.
• After this, extended-release insulin is used.

If Lantus is used as a long-acting hormone, the injection is performed using a separate syringe. The fact is that if any dose of another hormone gets into the bottle, the acidity of insulin changes, which can lead to unpredictable consequences.

Under no circumstances should you mix different types of hormones in a common bottle or in one syringe. An exception would be Hagedorn neutral protamine insulin, which slows down the action of short-acting insulin before meals.

If insulin leaks at the injection site

After the injection is completed, you need to touch the injection site and raise your finger to your nose. If you smell preservatives, this indicates that insulin has leaked from the puncture area.

In this case, you should not additionally administer the missing dose of the hormone. It should be noted in the diary that there was a loss of the drug. If a diabetic's sugar levels rise, the cause of this condition will be obvious and clear. It is necessary to normalize blood glucose levels when the effect of the administered hormone is completed.

STAGE.

STAGE.

STAGE.

Treats the injection site, the middle third of the ANTERIOR

SURFACES OF THE FOREARM with balls moistened with alcohol, the remaining alcohol - with a DRY STERILE ball.

REMEMBER!

The injection site should be DRY.

FIXES the skin at the injection site. This can be done either with the thumb of the left hand (four other fingers are placed under the back surface of the middle third of the forearm), or with the index finger of the left hand, slightly pulling the skin towards itself or clasping the middle third of the forearm with your left hand and slightly pulling the skin in different directions.

He takes a syringe into his RIGHT HAND, having previously treated the GLOVES with alcohol, and inserts the needle at an angle of 5 degrees so that the cut of the needle is visible through the skin, slightly lifts the needle, the skin stretches, and a “tent”-type protrusion is formed. WITHOUT taking the syringe into the other hand, slowly inject the medicine with your left hand.

After the introduction of lek. removes the needle with a quick movement.

REMEMBER!

AFTER THE INJECTION THE BALL IS NOT APPLIED!

CRITERIA FOR CORRECT INJECTION:

At the injection site there should be:

A small vesicle ("papule")

Lemon peel symptom.

GLOVES ARE REMOVED LAST, AFTER

WHEN ALL MATERIAL IS DISINFECTED AND SOAKED IN DISSOLUTION

Wash and dry your hands.

Subcutaneous injections

Due to the fact that the subcutaneous fat layer is well supplied with blood vessels, subcutaneous injections are used for faster action of the drug. Subcutaneously administered medicinal substances have an effect faster than when administered orally, because they are quickly absorbed. Subcutaneous injections are made with a needle of the smallest diameter to a depth of 15 mm and up to 2 ml of medications are injected, which are quickly absorbed into the loose subcutaneous tissue and do not have a harmful effect on it.

The most convenient sites for subcutaneous injection are:

outer surface of the shoulder (deltoid muscle)

subscapular space;

anterior outer surface of the thigh;

lateral surface of the abdominal wall;

lower part of the axillary region.

In these places, the skin is easily caught in the fold and there is no danger of damage to blood vessels, nerves and periosteum.

in places with edematous subcutaneous fat;

in compactions from poorly absorbed previous injections.

Performing a subcutaneous injection:

wash your hands (wear gloves);

take the syringe in your right hand (hold the needle cannula with the 2nd finger of your right hand, hold the syringe piston with the 5th finger, hold the cylinder from the bottom with the 3rd-4th fingers, and the top with the 1st finger);

With your left hand, gather the skin into a triangular fold, base down;

insert the needle at an angle of 45° into the base of the skin fold to a depth of 1-2 cm (2/3 of the needle length), hold the needle cannula with your index finger;

move your left hand to the piston, pull the piston and make sure that the needle does not fall into the vessel - no blood enters the syringe and inject the medicine (do not transfer the syringe from one hand to the other);

Attention! If there is a small air bubble in the syringe, inject the medicine slowly and do not release the entire solution under the skin, leave a small amount along with the air bubble in the syringe.

remove the needle, holding it by the cannula;

apply pressure to the injection site with a cotton ball and alcohol;

put a cap on the disposable needle, dump the syringe into a container for waste material for subsequent disinfection treatment

INSULIN THERAPY:

Insulin, an analogue of the pancreatic hormone, is commercially produced in 10 ml bottles and 3 ml syringe pen cartridges with activity: 40, 80, 100 units per ml

There are simple and combined insulin. By duration of action: short-acting, medium-acting, long-acting or prolonged.

Isulin is injected subcutaneously or intravenously using “standard”, “insulin” syringes or “pen syringes”

The activity of insulin as a hormonal drug is determined

insulin action units (IAU)

CALCULATION OF INSULIN DOSE:

When administering insulin using “standard” and “insulin” syringes, the price of 1 division of the syringe is 0.1 ml - the dose of insulin in this volume is equal to: 4 units; 8 units; 10 units.

NB! The injection site must be completely dry before administering insulin, otherwise the drug will be inactivated by alcohol!

Intramuscular injections

Some drugs, when administered subcutaneously, cause pain and are poorly absorbed, which leads to the formation of infiltrates. When using such drugs, as well as in cases where a faster effect is desired, subcutaneous administration is replaced by intramuscular administration. Muscles have a wider network of blood and lymphatic vessels, which creates conditions for rapid and complete absorption of drugs. With intramuscular injection, a depot is created from which the drug is slowly absorbed into the bloodstream, and this maintains its required concentration in the body, which is especially important in relation to antibiotics.

Intramuscular injections should be made in certain places of the body where there is a significant layer of muscle tissue, and not close to

large vessels and nerve trunks are suitable. The length of the needle depends on the thickness of the subcutaneous fat layer, because It is necessary that when inserted, the needle passes through the subcutaneous tissue and enters the thickness of the muscles. So, with an excessive subcutaneous fat layer, the needle length is 60 mm, with a moderate one - 40 mm.

The most suitable sites for intramuscular injections are:

muscles of the buttocks upper - outer quadrant;

shoulder muscles (deltoid muscle, if the volume of the medicine does not exceed 2 ml)

thigh muscles (middle third of outer thigh)

Determining the injection site

For intramuscular injections into the gluteal region, only the upper-outer part is used.

It should be remembered that accidentally hitting the sciatic nerve with a needle can cause partial or complete paralysis of the limb.

In addition, there is a bone (sacrum) and large vessels nearby. In patients with flabby muscles, this place is difficult to localize.

Lay the patient down, he can lie: on his stomach - toes turned inward, or on his side - the leg that is on top is bent at the hip and knee to relax the gluteal muscle.

Palpate the following anatomical structures: the superior posterior iliac spine and the greater trochanter of the femur.

Draw one line perpendicularly down from the middle of the spine to the middle of the popliteal fossa, the other - from the trochanter to the spine (the projection of the sciatic nerve runs slightly below the horizontal line along the perpendicular).

Locate the injection site, which is located in the superior outer quadrant, approximately 5 to 8 cm below the iliac crest.

For repeated injections, you need to alternate between the right and left sides and change injection sites: this reduces the pain of the procedure and prevents complications.

An intramuscular injection into the vastus lateralis muscle is performed in the middle third. outer thigh (vastus lateralis muscle).

Place your right hand 1-2 cm below the trochanter of the femur, your left hand 1-2 cm above the patella, the thumbs of both hands should be on the same line.

Locate the injection site, which is located in the center of the area formed by the index fingers and thumbs of both hands.

When giving injections to young children and malnourished adults, you should pinch the skin and muscle to ensure that the drug is injected into the muscle.

An intramuscular injection can also be performed into the deltoid muscle. The brachial artery, veins and nerves run along the shoulder, so this area is used only when other injection sites are not available or when multiple intramuscular injections are performed daily.

Free the patient's shoulder and shoulder blade from clothing.

Ask the patient to relax his arm and bend it at the elbow joint.

Feel the edge of the acromion process of the scapula, which is the base of the triangle, the apex of which is in the center of the shoulder.

Determine the injection site - in the center of the triangle, approximately 2.5 - 5 cm below the acromion process. The injection site can also be determined in another way by placing four fingers across the deltoid muscle, starting from the acromion process.

Performing an intramuscular injection:

help the patient take a comfortable position: when inserted into the buttock - on the stomach or on the side; in the thigh - lying on your back with the leg slightly bent at the knee joint or sitting; in the shoulder - lying or sitting;

determine the injection site;

wash your hands (wear gloves); The injection is carried out as follows:

treat the injection site sequentially with two cotton balls with alcohol: first a large area, then the injection site itself;

place the third ball of alcohol under the 5th finger of your left hand;

take the syringe in your right hand (place the 5th finger on the needle cannula, the 2nd finger on the syringe plunger, the 1st, 3rd, 4th fingers on the cylinder);

stretch or fold and secure the skin at the injection site with the 1st or 2nd fingers of your left hand;

insert the needle into the muscle at a right angle - 90 0, leaving 2-3 mm of the needle above the skin;

move your left hand to the piston, grasping the syringe barrel with the 2nd and 3rd fingers, pull the piston to make sure that the needle does not enter the blood vessel, press the piston with the 1st finger and inject the medicine;

Press the injection site with your left hand with a cotton ball and alcohol;

remove the needle with your right hand;

lightly massage the injection site without removing the cotton wool from the skin;

put a cap on the disposable needle, dump the syringe into the container

for subsequent disinfection treatment

CALCULATION OF DOSE AND DILUTATION OF ANTIBIOTICS:

Antibiotics for injection are mainly produced in powder form, the activity of antibiotics is measured in “action units” ED - activity and weight are indicated in the manufacturer’s instructions. The rules for diluting antibiotics and solvents are specified in the manufacturer's instructions.

"Universal" solvents for antibiotics:

If these conditions are not specified in the instructions, then dilution should be made using “universal” solvents according to the following scheme

TESTS FOR SENSITIVITY TO ANTIBIOTICS:

To prevent severe complications during antibiotic treatment, each patient who is prescribed a course of antibiotic therapy must determine the degree of sensitivity to them.

To do this, drop, scarification and intradermal tests are carried out.

If the first result is positive, intradermal tests should not be performed as there is a risk of developing anaphylactic shock

First, a drop test is carried out: the skin in the area of ​​the flexor surface of the forearm is wiped with alcohol, then a drop of a solution of penicillin or another antibiotic is applied to it with a syringe needle.

Use a fresh solution of penicillin (10,000 - 25,000 units of antibiotic in 1 ml of isotonic sodium chloride solution).

Accounting time - 20 - 30 minutes. In the case of severe allergic sensitivity to an antibiotic, after a few minutes, itching, swelling, and hyperemia appear at the site of application of a drop of antibiotic. Often the hyperemia increases and spreads proximally to the upper part of the forearm.

In case of a negative drop test, carry out

A scratch test, during which allergens are introduced into the skin through a superficial scratch or puncture of the epidermis. Before skin testing

the inner surface of the forearm is treated with alcohol and a diluted antibiotic is applied to dry skin with a sterile scarifier or syringe needle,

make a scratch 0.5 cm long or a light puncture in the middle of the drop. During scarification, only the superficial layer of the skin - the epidermis - should be damaged. It is necessary to ensure that no blood appears.

For a scratch test, take the same antibiotic solution as for a drip test (5000-10,000 units in 1 ml of isotonic sodium chloride solution).

In case of a negative result, carry out

Intradermal test. The skin in the area of ​​the flexor surface of the forearm is thoroughly wiped twice with cotton wool moistened with 70% alcohol! Then, using a syringe, 0.1 ml of the prepared allergen solution is injected intradermally (5000-10,000 units in 1 ml of isotonic sodium chloride solution).

If a large amount is administered, nonspecific skin irritation occurs.

A reaction with the formation of a bubble and an area of ​​hyperemia at the site of allergen injection is considered positive. The appearance of bubbles can be observed after 10-20 minutes (fast reaction) or after 24-48 hours (slow reaction). During intradermal allergy tests, severe complications can be observed. Therefore, you need to start with drop skin tests or prick tests. If the latter turn out to be negative, intradermal tests are used.

If the drug is tableted, then a sublingual test is performed with 1/4 of the single therapeutic dose.

Intravenous injections

Intravenous injections involve the introduction of a medicinal substance directly into the bloodstream. The first and indispensable condition for this method of administering drugs is strict adherence to the rules of asepsis (washing and treating hands, the patient’s skin, etc.)

For intravenous injections, the veins of the antecubital fossa are most often used, since they have a large diameter, lie superficially and move relatively little, as well as the superficial veins of the hand, forearm, and, less commonly, the veins of the lower extremities.

The saphenous veins of the upper limb are the radial and ulnar saphenous veins. Both of these veins, connecting over the entire surface of the upper limb, form many connections, the largest of which is the middle vein of the elbow, most often used for punctures. Depending on how clearly the vein is visible under the skin and palpated (palpable), three types of veins are distinguished.

Type 1 - well contoured vein. The vein is clearly visible, clearly protrudes above the skin, and is voluminous. The side and front walls are clearly visible. During palpation, almost the entire circumference of the vein can be felt, with the exception of the inner wall.

Type 2 - weakly contoured vein. Only the anterior wall of the vessel is very clearly visible and palpated; the vein does not protrude above the skin.

Type 3 - non-contoured vein. The vein is not visible, it can only be palpated in the depths of the subcutaneous tissue by an experienced nurse, or the vein is not visible or palpated at all.

The next indicator by which veins can be divided is fixation in the subcutaneous tissue (how freely the vein moves along the plane). The following options are available:

fixed vein - the vein moves along the plane slightly, it is almost impossible to move it to a distance the width of the vessel;

sliding vein - the vein easily moves in the subcutaneous tissue along the plane, it can be moved to a distance greater than its diameter; the lower wall of such a vein, as a rule, is not fixed.

Based on the severity of the wall, the following types can be distinguished:

thick-walled vein - a thick, dense vein; thin-walled vein - a vein with a thin, easily vulnerable wall.

Using all of the listed anatomical parameters, the following clinical options are determined:

well contoured fixed thick-walled vein; such a vein occurs in 35% of cases;

well contoured sliding thick-walled vein; occurs in 14% of cases;

weakly contoured, fixed thick-walled vein; occurs in 21% of cases;

weakly contoured sliding vein; occurs in 12% of cases;

uncontoured fixed vein; occurs in 18% of cases.

The veins of the first two clinical options are most suitable for puncture. Good contours and a thick wall make it quite easy to puncture the vein.

The veins of the third and fourth options are less convenient, for the puncture of which a thin needle is most suitable. You just need to remember that when puncturing a “sliding” vein, it must be fixed with the finger of your free hand.

The veins of the fifth option are the most unfavorable for puncture. When working with such a vein, you should remember that you must first palpate (feel) it well; you cannot puncture it blindly.

One of the most common anatomical features of veins is the so-called fragility.

Currently, this pathology is becoming more and more common. Visually and palpably, fragile veins are no different from ordinary ones. Their puncture, as a rule, also does not cause difficulty, but sometimes a hematoma appears literally before our eyes at the puncture site. All control methods show that the needle is in the vein, but, nevertheless,

the hematoma is growing. It is believed that what is likely happening is that the needle is a wounding agent, and in some cases the vein wall is punctured

corresponds to the diameter of the needle, while in others, due to anatomical features, a rupture occurs along the vein.

In addition, it can be assumed that violations of the technique of fixing the needle in the vein play an important role here. A weakly fixed needle rotates both axially and in a plane, causing additional trauma to the vessel. This complication occurs almost exclusively in elderly people. If such a pathology occurs, then there is no point in continuing to administer the drug into this vein. Another vein should be punctured and infused, paying attention to fixing the needle in the vessel. A tight bandage must be applied to the area of ​​the hematoma.

A fairly common complication is the entry of the infusion solution into the subcutaneous tissue. Most often, after puncture of a vein, the needle is not fixed firmly enough in the elbow bend; when the patient moves his hand, the needle comes out of the vein and the solution enters under the skin. The needle in the elbow bend must be fixed in at least two points, and in restless patients, the vein must be fixed throughout the limb, excluding the area of ​​the joints.

Another reason for fluid entering under the skin is a through puncture of a vein; this often happens when using disposable needles, sharper than reusable ones, in this case the solution enters partially into the vein, partially under the skin.

It is necessary to remember one more feature of veins. When central and peripheral circulation is impaired, the veins collapse. Puncture of such a vein is extremely difficult. In this case, the patient should be asked to clench and unclench his fingers more vigorously and at the same time pat the skin, looking through the vein in the puncture area. As a rule, this technique more or less helps with puncture of a collapsed vein. It must be remembered that initial training on such veins is unacceptable.

Performing an intravenous injection.

Prepare:

on a sterile tray: syringe (10.0 - 20.0 ml) with medication and needle 40 - 60 mm, cotton balls;

tourniquet, roller, gloves;

70% ethyl alcohol;

tray for used ampoules, vials;

container with a disinfectant solution for used cotton balls.

Sequencing:

wash and dry your hands;

draw medicine;

help the patient take a comfortable position - lying on his back or sitting;

Give the limb into which the injection will be made the required position: the arm is extended, palm up;

place an oilcloth pad under the elbow (for maximum extension of the limb at the elbow joint);

wash your hands, put on gloves;

TECHNIQUE FOR APPLYING A VENOUS TURF:

As a venous tourniquet, a specialized

a special automatic harness of industrial production, or a pure rubber elastic tube with sufficient strength and elasticity properties, 15 - 35 cm long.

The application of a rubber band (on a shirt or napkin) is performed at the border between the middle and lower third of the shoulder so that the free ends are directed upward, the loop is directed downward, and the pulse on the radial artery should not change;

Ask the patient to work with his fist (to better pump blood into the vein);

find a suitable vein for puncture;

treat the skin of the elbow area with the first cotton ball with alcohol in the direction from the periphery to the center, discard it (the skin is disinfected);

take the syringe in your right hand: fix the needle cannula with your index finger, and use the rest to cover the cylinder from above;

check that there is no air in the syringe; if there are a lot of bubbles in the syringe, you need to shake it, and the small bubbles will merge into one large one, which can be easily pushed out through the needle into the tray;

again with your left hand, treat the venipuncture site with a second cotton ball with alcohol, discard it;

Fix the skin in the puncture area with your left hand, stretching the skin in the area of ​​the elbow with your left hand and slightly shifting it to the periphery;

holding the needle almost parallel to the vein, pierce the skin and carefully insert the needle 1/3 of the length with the cut up (with the patient’s fist clenched);

Continuing to fix the vein with your left hand, slightly change the direction of the needle and carefully puncture the vein until you feel “entering the void”; pull the plunger towards you - blood should appear in the syringe (confirmation that the needle has entered a vein);

untie the tourniquet with your left hand by pulling one of the free ends, ask the patient to unclench his hand;

Without changing the position of the syringe, press the plunger with your left hand and slowly inject the medicinal solution, leaving 0.5 -1-2 ml in the syringe;

apply a cotton ball with alcohol to the injection site and remove the needle from the vein with a gentle movement (prevention of hematoma);

bend the patient's arm at the elbow, leave the alcohol ball in place, ask the patient to fix the arm in this position for 5 minutes (to prevent bleeding);

dump the syringe into the disinfectant solution;

after 5-7 minutes, take the cotton ball from the patient and throw it into a disinfectant solution or into a bag from a disposable syringe;

remove gloves, throw them into a disinfectant solution;

Wash your hands and dry them with a towel.

INTRAVENOUS DRIPS (INFUSIONS)

Types of infusion (transfusion) systems

1. Systems for transfusion of infusion solutions

2. Systems for transfusion of blood, blood products, blood components, and blood substitutes

These types of systems have the same design but differ in configuration, structure and material from which the drip filter is made

There is a separate set of specialized kits - systems for donor

boron blood.

System design for infusions (transfusions):

· A short tube of the system with a thick needle cut at a certain angle, which is closed with a cap

· Dropper with a filter of various designs depending on the purpose of the system

· A long tube of the system on which there is a screw clamp for adjusting

setting the number of drops per minute, one end of which is hermetically connected to a dropper, and the second has a rubber adapter for injecting medications additionally using a syringe during infusion

One end of the fusion is hermetically connected to a long tube of the system, and at the second there is a cannula for connecting an injection needle inserted into a vein.

· The system includes a needle-air duct with a special filter or tube that is attached to the bottle.

All parts of the system are connected to each other hermetically and inside the system

There are no toxic substances and the presence of air is minimized.

Goal: slow, 40 - 60 drops per minute, entry of medicinal solutions into the bloodstream.

Indications: restoration of circulating blood volume; normalization of water-electrolyte balance and acid-base state of the body; elimination of intoxication phenomena; parenteral nutrition.

Equipment:

Sterile: tray, calico napkin folded in 4 layers and covering the tray, tweezers, small napkins, cotton balls, mask, gloves,

Disposable system for drip administration of liquids; a tripod for a dropper, 1-1.5 m long above the bed, an oilcloth pad, an adhesive plaster, 2 tapes 3-4 cm long and 1 cm wide;

Disinfectant solution in containers for disinfecting droppers, needles, cotton balls and napkins, tourniquet, oilcloth pad, adhesive plaster, rags, treatment table, couch.

Labeled rags.

Alcohol 70°.

Sequencing

Injection of medications additionally into a vein through an adapter during infusion:

Infusion and transfusion therapy:

To calculate the number of drops in 1 minute, if intravenous administration of a certain volume of liquid is necessary over a certain time period, use the formula:

Infusion rate.

Post-injection complications:

Violations of aseptic rules infiltration, abscess, sepsis, serum hepatitis, AIDS

Incorrect choice of injection site, poorly absorbable infiltrates, damage to the periosteum (periostitis), blood vessels (necrosis, embolism), nerves (paralysis, neuritis)

Incorrect injection technique, needle breakage, air or drug embolism, allergic reactions, tissue necrosis, hematoma

Infiltration is the most common complication after subcutaneous and intramuscular injections. Most often, infiltration occurs if: a) the injection is performed with a blunt needle; b) for intramuscular injection, a short needle intended for intradermal or subcutaneous injections is used. Inaccurate choice of injection site, frequent injections into the same place, violation of aseptic rules are also the cause of infiltrates.

An abscess is a purulent inflammation of soft tissues with the formation of a cavity filled with pus. The reasons for the formation of abscesses are the same as for infiltrates. In this case, infection of soft tissues occurs as a result of violation of asepsis rules.

Breakage of the needle during injection is possible when using old, worn needles, as well as when there is a sharp contraction of the buttock muscles during an intramuscular injection, if a preliminary conversation was not held with the patient before the injection or the injection was given to the patient in a standing position.

Drug embolism can occur when oil solutions are injected subcutaneously or intramuscularly (oil solutions are not administered intravenously!) and the needle enters the vessel. Oil, once in the artery, will clog it, and this will lead to disruption of the nutrition of surrounding tissues and their necrosis. Signs of necrosis: increasing pain in the injection area, swelling, redness or red-bluish discoloration of the skin, increased local and general temperature. If the oil ends up in a vein, it will enter the pulmonary vessels through the bloodstream. Symptoms of pulmonary embolism: sudden attack of suffocation,

cough, blue discoloration of the upper half of the body (cyanosis), feeling of tightness in the chest.

Air embolism during intravenous injections is the same dangerous complication as oil embolism. The signs of embolism are the same, but they appear very quickly, within a minute.

Damage to nerve trunks can occur during intramuscular and intravenous injections, either mechanically (if the injection site is chosen incorrectly), or chemically when the drug depot is located next to the nerve, as well as when the vessel supplying the nerve is blocked. The severity of the complication can vary - from neuritis to limb paralysis.

Thrombophlebitis - inflammation of a vein with the formation of a blood clot - is observed with frequent venipunctures of the same vein, or with the use of blunt needles. Signs of thrombophlebitis are pain, skin hyperemia and the formation of infiltrate along the vein. The temperature may be low-grade.

Tissue necrosis can develop when a vein puncture is unsuccessful and a significant amount of an irritating agent is mistakenly introduced under the skin. Ingress of drugs along the course of venipuncture is possible due to: piercing the vein “through and through”; failure to enter the vein initially. Most often this happens with inept intravenous administration of a 10% calcium chloride solution. If the solution does get under the skin, you should immediately apply a tourniquet above the injection site, then inject a 0.9% sodium chloride solution into the injection site and around it, a total of 50-80 ml (it will reduce the concentration of the drug).

A hematoma can also occur during inept venipuncture: a purple spot appears under the skin, because the needle pierced both

the walls of the vein and blood penetrated into the tissue. In this case, the vein puncture should be stopped and pressed for several minutes with cotton wool and alcohol. In this case, the necessary intravenous injection is given into another vein, and a local warming compress is placed on the area of ​​the hematoma.

Allergic reactions to the administration of a particular drug by injection can occur in the form of urticaria, acute runny nose, acute conjunctivitis, Quincke's edema, which often occur

in 20-30 minutes. after administration of the drug. The most dangerous form of an allergic reaction is anaphylactic shock.

Anaphylactic shock develops within a few seconds or minutes from the moment the drug is administered. The faster the shock develops, the worse the prognosis.

The main symptoms of anaphylactic shock: a feeling of heat in the body, a feeling of tightness in the chest, suffocation, dizziness, headache, anxiety, severe weakness, decreased blood pressure, heart rhythm disturbances. In severe cases, these signs are accompanied by symptoms of collapse, and death can occur a few minutes after the first symptoms of anaphylactic shock appear. Treatment for anaphylactic shock should be carried out immediately upon detection of a feeling of heat in the body.

Long-term complications that occur two to four months after the injection are viral hepatitis B, D, C, as well as HIV infection.

Parenteral hepatitis viruses are found in significant concentrations in blood and semen; are found in lower concentrations in saliva, urine, bile and other secretions, both in patients suffering from hepatitis and in healthy virus carriers. The method of transmission of the virus can be blood transfusions and blood substitutes, therapeutic and diagnostic procedures in which the skin and mucous membranes are damaged.

People most at risk of contracting the hepatitis B virus include injectors.

According to V.P. Ventsela (2009), the first place among the methods of transmission of viral hepatitis B is needle pricks or

damage from sharp instruments (88%). Moreover, these cases are usually caused by careless attitude towards used needles and their reuse. Transmission of the pathogen can also occur through the hands of the person performing the manipulation and having bleeding warts and other hand diseases accompanied by exudative manifestations.

The high probability of infection is due to:

high resistance of the virus in the external environment;

the duration of the incubation period (six months or more);

a large number of asymptomatic carriers.

Currently, there is specific prevention of viral hepatitis B, which is carried out through vaccination.

Both hepatitis B and HIV infection, which ultimately leads to AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome), are life-threatening diseases. Unfortunately, today the expected mortality rate for HIV-infected people is 100%. Almost all cases of infection occur as a result of careless, negligent actions during medical procedures: needle pricks, cuts from fragments of test tubes and syringes, contact with damaged skin areas that are not protected by gloves.

In order to protect yourself from HIV infection, each patient should be considered as a potential HIV-infected person, since even a negative result of testing the patient's blood serum for the presence of antibodies to HIV may be a false negative. This is explained by the fact that there is an asymptomatic period from 3 weeks to 6 months, during which antibodies in the blood serum of an HIV-infected person are not detected.

Emergency measures for the development of anaphylactic shock

Signs of anaphylactic shock:

the patient's face becomes very pale or gray;

skin feels cool and clammy to the touch;

the pulse becomes rapid and weak;

the patient is frightened and restless;

thirst, dizziness, yawning appear;

difficulty breathing, gasping for air, suffocating;

itching, sneezing may appear, the skin becomes bright red;

the face may become swollen, especially around the eyes, and large red spots may appear on the skin - “hives”;

pulse is frequent and weak;

loss of consciousness is possible.

Actions:

stop administering the drug;

call a doctor immediately;

Place the patient on his back on a flat, hard surface;

raise the foot end of the bed;

turn your head to the side, remove dentures (if any);

if localization allows, apply a tourniquet above the allergen injection site;

put cold on the injection site;

loosen tight clothing.

LITERATURE:

· S.A. Agkatseva Training of practical skills in the system of secondary medical education. Pereyaslavl – Zalessky

Lake Pleshcheyevo 2007

· N.M. Kasevich “Workshop on Fundamentals of Nursing” Kyiv

When giving an injection, you need to know how to administer subcutaneous injections; the needle must be inserted under the skin very carefully, because the effect of the injection and the patient’s condition depend on this. How to administer subcutaneous injections, read further in the article.

How to administer subcutaneous injections - rules

Follow the following rules for administering a subcutaneous injection, and your help will definitely be appreciated by the patient.

First, prepare yourself and the patient for the procedure: wash your hands with soap and disinfect the injection site with alcohol. Draw the medicine only into a sterile syringe and only from a sealed ampoule.

The ampoule is opened by breaking off the cap with a cotton swab moistened with alcohol. If the ampoule is closed with a rubber cap, then draw the medicine through it, having first disinfected the cap.

To administer subcutaneous injections, you can inject no more than 2 ml of the drug at a time.

The injection site cannot be an area with large vessels and nerve trunks. The lateral wall of the abdominal cavity, the subscapular region, the middle third of the outer surface of the shoulder and the anterior outer part of the thigh are the most convenient areas for inserting a syringe. Also avoid places of compaction in the tissues, otherwise bruising and swelling will appear on the body after the injection.

So, instructions on how to administer subcutaneous injections:

After drawing the medicine into the syringe, change the needle to another sterile needle with a length of 20-30 mm.

To administer a subcutaneous injection, raise the syringe to eye level and carefully remove the air by slowly pressing the plunger until a drop of medicine appears.

Perform the injection wearing medical gloves. Take a good look at the needle insertion site to see if there are any complications there.

Use a cotton swab soaked in alcohol to cover a large area of ​​the skin and the immediate injection site with a second swab containing alcohol. The last cotton swab should remain in your hand under the little finger of your left hand.

Gather the skin into a fold with the thumb and index finger of your left hand in the area where you will inject the injection subcutaneously.

To administer a subcutaneous injection, hold the syringe with your right hand. In this case, the index finger holds the needle, and the little finger fixes the syringe plunger. Place the remaining fingers on the cylinder.

Quickly insert the needle into the apex of the skin fold at a 4-degree angle. Insert the needle to 2/3 of its length (this is about 1 cm).

Unclench the fold of skin. Now slowly inject the injection subcutaneously, moving the syringe plunger all the way with your left hand.

After the medicine has been administered, apply a cotton swab held in your little finger to the puncture and quickly remove the needle from the patient.

Lightly massage the injection site with the included cotton swab. Then the cotton wool should remain at the injection site for another 2-3 minutes.

If the drug that needs to be administered to the patient is oil-based, then it should be preheated to 38 degrees, and after the procedure, put a heating pad on the puncture site or make another warming compress.

How to administer subcutaneous insulin injections?

If the medicine you are injecting is insulin, then pay attention to the following important points: where and how to administer subcutaneous injections:

There is no need to inject insulin into the same place several times in a row. The skin needs time to recover after the injection.

If the stomach is determined to be the injection site, then inject the injections, alternating the puncture sites in a circle so as not to hit the same point for 6 weeks.

• Also, when injecting insulin into the thigh, it is necessary to alternate puncture sites so as not to end up at the same point within 6 weeks.
• To administer subcutaneous injections, remove air bubbles from the insulin cartridge and check the needle for patency by releasing 2 units of medication into the air. If the needle was placed on the pen several hours before the injection, then air may get into the insulin cartridge.
• To administer subcutaneous injections, Novofine needles can only be used once.
• It is not recommended to use a bent needle.
• Calculate the dosage accurately.
• Throw away capped needles to avoid injuring others.
• Half an hour after administering a subcutaneous injection with insulin, feed the patient.